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Академично класиране на световните университети



Синонимът ARWU обикновено се отнася до академичното класиране на световния университет за наука и технологии в Шанхай.

Въведение в класирането

Лого (3 снимки)

InordertoanalyzethepositionofChineseuniversitiesintheglobalhighereducationsystem.In1998,theChinesegovernmentbelievedthatmainlandChinaneededseveralworld-classuniversities,andthisideabecamethesourceofthisranking.TheAcademicRankingofWorldUniversitieswasfirstreleasedin2003bytheWorld-ClassUniversityResearchCenteroftheHigherEducationResearchInstituteofShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity.Theevaluationisbasedonallinternationallycomparableobjectiveindicatorsandthird-partydata,includingalumniandalumniwhohavewonNobelPrizesandFieldsMedals.Numberofteachers,numberofhighlycitedscientists,etc.Since2009,ARWUhasbeenpublishedbyShanghaiRuankeEducationInformationConsultingCo.,Ltd.andallrightsarereserved.

SocialEvaluation

Afterthefirstreleaseoftheacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2003,therewasalotofattentionanddiscussionintheacademiccircles.Atthattime,theexecutivedirectoroftheresearchcentersaidthatbecauseChineseuniversitiesdidnotperformasexpectedonthislist,mostChinesepeoplewereindifferenttothem.Afterthat,agroupofEuropeanscholarswenttoShanghaitodiscusstheranking.

TheacademicrankingofShanghairankingWorldUniversityhasbeenrecognizedathomeandabroad.In2018,DuZhanyuan,thethenDeputyMinisterofEducation,saidinaspeechattheconferencethat"ShanghaiRuankeEducation’s“WorldUniversityAcademicRanking”hasinitiallyformedabrand”.FrenchPresidentMacronissuedthreetweetstocongratulateFrenchuniversitiesfortheirperformanceinthe2020WorldUniversityAcademicRankings,sayingthatthey"ranked14thintheauthoritativeShanghaiRanking(WorldUniversityAcademicRanking),andcongratulatedtheUniversityofParis-SaclayforreachingaFrenchuniversity.Theunprecedentedheightofuniversities."

However,asarankingthatfocusesonscientificresearchresultseverywhere,theacademicrankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversityhasbeenaccusedofover-emphasizingthefieldofscienceandengineering.EuropeanandAmericanacademiccircleshavealsocriticizeditforover-focusingonthenumberofNobelPrizeswonbyalumniandignoringimportantindicatorssuchastheoverallatmosphereoftheinstitutionandthequalityofstudents.Inaddition,thisrankingmainlyuseswell-knownAmericanjournalsandpaperpublishingplatformsasthedatabenchmark,whichhasalsoresultedinAmericanuniversities'performanceinthisrankingsignificantlybetterthanothercountries.

Indexsystem

TheacademicrankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversityselectsthenumberofalumniwhowontheNobelPrizeandtheFieldsMedal(Alumniforshort),andwontheNobelPrizeandtheFieldsMedal.Theequivalentnumberofteachers(abbreviatedasAward),thenumberofscientistswiththehighestcitationsineachsubjectfield(abbreviatedasHiCi),andtheequivalentnumberofpaperspublishedin"Nature"and"Science"(abbreviatedasN&S),ThenumberofpapersincludedintheScienceCitationIndex(SCIE)andtheSocialScienceCitationIndex(SSCI)(PUB),theaverageoftheabovefiveindicators(PCP)andothersixindicatorstoranktheacademicperformanceoftheworld'suniversities.

Класации през годините

2020

На 15 август 2020 г. агенцията за оценка на висшето образование SoftScience официално публикува „2020 академична класация на световните университети“, класацията показва водещите в света 1000 изследователски университета.

Amongthem,thereare144universitiesinMainlandChinaonthelist.TsinghuaUniversityranks29thintheworld,PekingUniversityranks49th,ZhejiangUniversityandShanghaiJiaotongUniversityrank58thand63rdrespectivelyintheworld,andtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaandFudanUniversityrankamongthetop100intheworldforthefirsttime,ranking73rdandrespectively.100th.

HarvardUniversityremainsfirmlyinthetopspot,rankingfirstintheworldforthe18thconsecutiveyear.StanfordUniversityissecondonlytoHarvardUniversityandcontinuestoranksecondintheworld,andCambridgeUniversityremainsthirdintheworld.ColumbiaUniversityandCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologybothrosebyoneplace,rankingseventhandeighthintheworld.

2020ShangharankingWorldUniversityAcademicRanking

2019

OnAugust15,2019,theAcademicRankingofWorldUniversityRankingsof2019wasofficiallyreleased.HarvardUniversityintheUnitedStateshasbeenrankedNo.1intheworldfor17consecutiveyears.StanfordUniversityissecondonlytoHarvardUniversityandcontinuestoranksecondintheworld.CambridgeUniversityintheUnitedKingdomremainsthirdintheworld.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.AmonguniversitiesintheAsia-Pacificregion,TokyoUniversityandKyotoUniversityperformedthebest,ranking25thand32ndrespectively.

2018

OnAugust15,2018,the2018ShanghaiAcademicRankingofWorldUniversitieswasofficiallyreleased.Amongtheworld's500leadingresearchuniversities,HarvardUniversityhasbeenrankedfirstintheworldforthe16thconsecutiveyear,StanfordUniversityhasbeenrankedsecondintheworld,andCambridgeUniversityhasbeenrankedthirdintheworld.Amongthetop20intheworld,universitiesintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomoccupy19seats.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.AmonguniversitiesintheAsia-Pacificregion,TokyoUniversityandKyotoUniversityinJapanperformedbest,ranking22and35respectively.

2017

На 15 август 2017 г. една от четирите основни системи за класиране на университети в света, Академичното класиране на световните университети (ARWU), публикува своето 15 издание, списъкът за 2017 г. 500 изследователски университета в различни страни и региони са класирани.

Sincethefirstreleaseoftheacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2003,HarvardUniversityhasrankedfirstintheworldforthe15thconsecutiveyear,andStanfordUniversityhasrankedsecondintheworld.TheUniversityofCambridgehasbeenpromotedtwoconsecutiveyearsintwoyears,rankingthirdintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyrosefromNo.5toNo.4.OxfordUniversity,anotherBritishuniversityinthetopten,rankedseventh.YaleUniversityranksoutsidethetopten.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.

2016

Inthe2016AcademicRankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversities,HarvardUniversitystillholdsthetopspot,rankingfirstintheworldfor14consecutiveyears;StanfordUniversityissecondonlyAtHarvardUniversity,itcontinuestorank2intheworld;theUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleysurpassestheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytorank3intheworld;CambridgeUniversityrisesfrom5thto4th;OxfordUniversityjumpsfrom10thin2015Totheseventhplace.

В Азия университетът Цинхуа (58) и Пекинският университет (71) са сред 100-те най-добри университета в света. Японските университети включват Токийския университет (20), Киото (32), Нагойския университет (72 места) и Осакския университет (96 места). Токийският университет е класиран на 20-то място в светаиединственият университет в Азия е включен в топ20 в света.

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