Дефиниция
Комуникационна линия: В кабелна комуникация, предавателната среда, която предава сигнали с електромагнитна вълна от едно място на друго.
Китайско име: Комуникационна линия
Чуждо име:
Алтернативно име: Няма
>Theearliestcommunicationlinewasanoverheadopenline.In1844,theUnitedStatesestablishedanoverheadlinebetweenWashingtonandBaltimore.Atthattime,thesignaltransmittedbytheoverheadopenwirewasnotatelephonesignal,butatelegraph.Theso-calledoverheadopenwire(seetheterm"overheadopenwire")isthebarewirethathangsonthepole.AsshowninFigure1.
Фигура 1 Отгоре отворена линия през пустинята
By1850,asubmarinecableacrosstheEnglishChannelwassuccessfullylaidbetweenBritainandFrance,whichwasofcoursealsousedtosendtelegrams.
Thetelephonewasnotinventeduntil1876.Everyonefindsthatopenwiresorcablesaresusceptibletoexternalinterference;crosstalkiseasytobefoundbetweenlines,andthequalityofcallsispoor.Scientistsbegantoexploretirelessly,tryingtofindagoodsolution.Forexample,usedoublewiresinsteadofsinglewires,andexploretechniquessuchasopenwirecrossoverandcablebalancetoimprovetransmissionquality.In1941,theUnitedStatesinnovativelyadoptedacoaxialcableline,and480voicechannelscouldbeopenedononeline.Later,itdevelopedto3,600,10,800,and13,200;thetechnologyofcommunicationlineshasmadeaqualitativeleap.
In1976,100yearsaftertheinventionofthetelephone,thefirstpracticalcommunicationopticalcablewassuccessfullyappliedtotheAtlantaExperimentalSystemoftheBellInstituteintheUnitedStates.In1988,thefirstsubmarineopticalcableacrosstheAtlanticwassuccessfullylaid.Didyouguysfindout?TheUnitedStateshasalwaysbeenattheforefrontoftechnologicalprogress!so.Thestatusof"BigBrother"intheAmericanworldtodayisnotobtainedoutofthinair,buthasalsoexperiencedhardwork,explorationandinnovation.
Let’stakealookatChinaagain.Theearliestcommunicationlinestartednottoolate.In1871,ChinalaidthesubmarinecablefromShanghaitoJapan,butthetechnologywasnotinthehandsoftheChinese.ThissubmarinecablewasfromDenmark.ItwasbuiltbytheGreatNorthernTelegraphCompany.Itwasnotuntil1881thatChinaestablishedthefirstlong-distanceoverheadlinebetweenShanghaiandTianjin.Itwasnotuntil1962afterthefoundingofNewChinathatthe60-channelcarrierlong-distancesymmetricalcabledesignedandmanufacturedinmycountrywasputintousebetweenBeijingandShijiazhuang.In1976,1,8004-pipecoaxialcablesdesignedandmanufacturedinmycountrysuccessfullyconnectedBeijing,ShanghaiandHangzhou.In1978,mycountrysuccessfullydevelopedamulti-modeopticalfibercommunicationcable.After1984,single-modefiberwasusedonlong-distancelines.
Класификация
Според медиите за предаване
Има различни класификации на комуникационните линии. Ако се раздели според средата за предаване, може да се раздели на следните четири категории:
1)Връзка
2) Комуникационен кабел
3) Комуникационен оптичен кабел
4) Комуникационен подводен кабел
Разграничаване по важност
Ако според важността на комуникационните линии, комуникационните линии могат да бъдат разделени на линии от първо ниво, линии от второ ниво и линии от трето ниво. Линии на нива и т.н.
1)First-levelroutes:refertolong-distanceroutesandinternationalroutesdesignatedbytheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologybetweenthecapitalandthecapitalsofprovinces,municipalities,andautonomousregions,betweenprovincialcapitals,municipalities,andautonomousregions.
2)Secondarylines:refertolong-distancelinesdesignatedbytheprovincial,municipal,andautonomousregioncapitalstocitiesandcounties,betweencitiesandcounties,betweenneighboringprovincesandcounties,anddesignatedbytheTelecommunicationsAdministration.
3)Линии на ниво 3: отнасят се за комуникационни линии под нивото на окръг. Наричани още местни линии. Например вътрешноградските комуникационни линии са разделени на два типа: междуофисни междуофисни линии и абонатни линии. s: захранващо устройство и окабеляване.
Ifdividedaccordingtotheapplicationareaofcommunicationlines,communicationlinescanalsobedividedintolong-distancelines,urbanlinesandrurallines.
Технологии
Нека да поговорим за тази на пръв поглед проста комуникационна линия, но в секция. Всъщност технологията на комуникационните линии не е толкова проста, както си мислите. Технически комуникационните линии включват наука за материалите, технология за предаване на линии, технология за производство, технология за проектиране и конструиране, технология за поддръжка и защита всяка връзка все още е много техническа и технологията на комуникационната линия обхваща множество дисциплини, включително механика, химия, метеорология, геология, биология, материали ,механика и т.н. Тук накратко ви представяме:
1)Linetransmissiontechnology:Mainlyresearchandimprovetheperformanceoflinetransmissionsignals,whichcanensurethatthesignalcanbeeffectivelytransmittedalongtheline.Itinvolvesthepropagationofelectromagneticfields,electromagneticwaves,andmultipleconductors.Looptransmissionandothertechnologies.Thistechnologystudieshowtopreventtheelectromagneticcrosstalkbetweenthelinesortheoutsideintrusion,andcanensurethatthesignaltransmittedbyitselfisnotseverelyinterfered,soastoachievethereliabilityoftransmission.Itinvolveskeytechnologiessuchasopenwirecrossing,symmetricalcablebalance,andenvironmentalelectromagnetics.
2)Manufacturingtechnology:includingthefinalizeddesignofvariousequipmentofcommunicationlines(suchaswires,cables,opticalcables,poleequipment,pipes,connectingdevices,etc.),manufacturingprocesses,andrawmaterialsusedResearchanddevelopmentofperformance,etc.Atpresent,theproductionoflineequipment,especiallycommunicationopticalcablesandall-plasticcitycables,hasadoptedprocesstechnologysuchasprocesslinkageandcomputerautomaticcontrol,andtheproductionefficiencyhasbeengreatlyimproved.
3)Designandconstructiontechnology:Communicationlinesareoutdoorequipment,andtheirinstallationandlayingarerestrictedbynaturalconditionssuchasterrain,soilquality,andweather;atthesametime,thedistributionofresidentialareasandthegrowthrateofcommunicationtrafficarealsoaffectedbyhumanfactors.Willaffecttheconstructionanddevelopmentofcommunicationlines.Thedesignandconstructiontechnologyofcommunicationlineengineeringhasitsownuniquefeatures,anddifferentregionswilladoptdifferenttechnologiesaccordingly.Long-distancelinesurvey,openlinecrossmeasurement,businesspredictionandbureauplanningofintra-citytelecommunicationsnetwork,wiringsystem,cableducttechnology,symmetricalcablebalance,connectiontechnology,submarinecablelayout,etc.areallimportanttechnologiestoensurecommunicationlineengineering.
4)Linemaintenancetechnology:includesaseriesoftechnologiesandmethodssuchasinflationmaintenance,dailymaintenanceandobstaclehandling,andelectricaltesting.
5)Lineprotectiontechnology:includingstrongcurrentprotectiontechnology,lightningprotectiontechnology,linecorrosionprotectiontechnologyandpestprotectiontechnology.
Trends
Thedevelopmentofcommunicationlinesisalsoaprocessofcontinuousevolution,fromtheinitialoverheadopenwires,tosymmetricalcables,tocoaxialcables,andthentosubmarineopticalcables.Theelectricalandopticalsignalstransmittedinthelinearealsoconstantlychanging:theDCtelegraphsignalwasinitiallytransmitted;thenthevoiceband;andthentheanalogsignalinthecarrierfrequencybandwithafrequencyofseveraltensofmegahertzwastransmitted,andithasnowdevelopedtoabitrateofseveralDigitalsignalsofhundredsofmegabitsorevenseveralgigabitspersecond.Moreover,fiberopticcablesaregraduallyreplacingtraditionalopenwireorcoaxialcables.Withtherapiddevelopmentofnewmaterialsandnewtechnologies,thedevelopmentofcommunicationlineswilldefinitelybecomemoreexciting.
Collegeprofessionalsettings
Основна информация
Professionalname:Communicationline
Професионален код: 590308
TrainingGoals
Studentsofthismajorwhohavepassedthesystemstudyandpracticeexamswillbetrainedtobecomemoderncommunicationenterprisesandrelatedenterprisesintheinstallationandmaintenanceofopticalfibertransmissionequipment,opticalcablelineconstructionandmaintenance,communicationengineeringdesign,andengineeringSupervisionandotherspecializedtalents;trainingtobecomeapplication-orientedspecializedtalentssuchasproduction,sales,technicalsupportandmaintenance,andtechnicalmanagementrequiredbycommunicationoperationenterprisesandcommunicationequipmentmanufacturingindustries.
Trainingrequirements
Masterthebasictheoreticalknowledgeofanaloganddigitalcircuitsandelectronics,haveasolidknowledgeofmoderncommunicationtechnology,andhavetheabilitytodesignandconstructcablesandopticalcables,andlineengineeringdesign.Andcomprehensiveprofessionalskillsintheinstallation,debuggingandmaintenanceofopticalfibercommunicationequipment,powersupplyequipmentandrelatedfields.
Основни курсове
Английски език, математика за напреднали, компютърни основи; схеми и сигнали, комуникационни електронни схеми, цифрови логически схеми, приложение на база данни; принцип на комуникация на цифрови данни, инженерство на оптични кабели, принципи на комуникация с оптични влакна и оборудване, инженерство на комуникационни линии, мрежа за достъп технологии,комуникационно захранване,комуникационен инженеринг бюджет;обменни технологии,AutoCAD,принципи на мобилните комуникации,маркетинг и др.
Professionaloverview
Theinter-officeconnectionofintra-citycommunicationsgenerallyusesopticalcablestotransmitinformation,butalsousesmicrowavecircuits;betweenthecommunicationsofficeandusers,mainlywireandcablelines.Thebroadbandofthecommunityisalsoconnectedbyopticalcablesandcables.
Itisanimportantpartofthenationalcommunicationnetwork,includingvariouscommunicationlineequipmentofthepostandtelecommunications,railway,militaryandotherdepartments.
Оборудване за комуникационна линия
Връзка
——Стълб, проводник, кабел, линейно рамо, електронна изолация, дърпащ проводник и друго спомагателно оборудване.
Вкопани линии
——Подземен, подводен, морско дъно, тръбопроводи и кабели, входни дупки, маркери, знаци за водни линии, антени за безпилотен носач на сигнали, станции за зареждане на кабели и друго спомагателно оборудване.
Безжична линия
——Безпилотна микровълнова станция, микровълнов пасивен рефлектор, радиоприемаща и предавателна антена, безжична микровълнова и сателитна комуникационна наземна станция, антенна захранваща кула, проводници, вълноводи и друго спомагателно оборудване.
Наредби относно комуникационните линии
Разпоредби на Държавния съвет и Централната военна комисия относно защитата на комуникационните линии
[1982]№28
Thefirstarticle
Thecommunicationlineisanimportantpartofthenationalcommunicationnetwork.Itisresponsibleforthedomesticandinternationalcommunicationtasksoftheparty,government,militaryandcivilians,andplaysanimportantroleinthesocialistmodernizationconstructionandtheconsolidationofnationaldefense.Inordertomakecommunicationunimpeded,thesafetyofcommunicationlinesmustbeensured.
Член 2
Тази наредба е приложима за оборудване за различни комуникационни линии на пощи и телекомуникации, железници, военни и други ведомства. Оборудването за комуникационни линии включва:
(1) Въздушни линии - стълбове, проводници, кабели, стълбове за електропроводи, електронна изолация, теглещи проводници и друго спомагателно оборудване.
(2) Вкопани линии - под земята, под вода, подводници, тръбопроводи и кабели, шахти, маркировки, знаци за водопроводи, необслужвани усилвателни станции за носители, станции за зареждане на кабели и друго спомагателно оборудване.
(3)Wirelesscircuits-unattendedmicrowavestations,microwavepassivereflectors,radioreceivingandsignallingantennas,microwaveandsatellitecommunicationgroundstationantennas,antennafeedertowers,wires,waveguidesandOtherancillaryequipment.
Article3
People'sgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldstrengthentheleadershipoftheprotectionofcommunicationlines,andfrequentlycarryoutpublicityandeducationontheprotectionofcommunicationlines.Whennecessary,thesecurityorganizationsandmilitiaorganizationsofallunitsalongthelineshouldbeorganizedtoguardthelineforjointdefense.
Whencommunicationlinesaredamagedbynaturaldisastersorwars,people'sgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldimmediatelyorganizeforcestoassistcommunicationdepartmentsinrushrepairs.
Theagencies,factoriesandmines,troops,schools,communes,productionteamsandthepeoplealongthelineallhavetheresponsibilitytoprotectthesafetyofcommunicationlines.Allunitsandthepeoplehavetherighttostopactsthatdamagecommunicationlinesorendangercommunicationsafetyandshouldpromptlyreporttothelocalpublicsecurityorcommunicationdepartment.
Article4
Communicationdepartmentsandstaffatalllevelsshouldstrengthenthemaintenanceandmanagementofcommunicationlines,strictlyimplementthepostresponsibilitysystemandvariousrulesandregulations,strengthenpatrolinspections,andconductfrequentinspections.Protectlinepropaganda,keepclosecontactwithallunitsalongtheline,doagoodjobinlineprotectionjointdefense,andassistthepublicsecurityorgansindetectingcasesofsabotagingcommunicationlines.
Whenthecommunicationdepartmentneedstochangetheoriginalequipmentandfacilitiesofotherunits,exceptforemergencysituationssuchasrushingtorepairthecommunicationlineobstacles,itshouldobtaintheconsentoftherelevantunitinadvance,andberesponsiblefortherestorationaccordingtotheoriginalstandardafterwards,andbeartherequiredexpenses.Whenthecommunicationdepartmentsetsupacommunicationlinetopassthroughtheforestarea,itshouldnegotiatewiththerelevantdepartmentinadvance.
Article5
Stealingelectricalpoles,wires,cablesandothercommunicationlineequipmentorusingtechnicalmeanstoendangercommunicationsecurityisacrime.Casesinwhichthepublicsecurityandjudicialorgansdisruptedcommunicationlinesagainstcounter-revolutionariesandothercriminals.
Article6
ThewasterecyclingdepartmentshallstrictlyimplementthespiritofDocumentNo.275of1980oftheStateCouncil,andshallnotpurchasecommunicationlineequipmentsoldbythieves.Anyillegalactorsuspiciouscluesfoundinthepiratedorsoldcommunicationlineequipmentshallbereportedtothepublicsecurityorganorthecommunicationdepartmentintime.
Член 7
Всички модули и хората няма да повреждат оборудването на комуникационната линия или да извършват действия, които застрашават безопасността на комуникациите.
(1)Blasting,stackingexplosiveandflammablematerialsorsettingupexplosiveandflammablematerialswarehouseswithintherangethatendangersthesafetyofcommunicationlinesisnotallowed.
(2)Itisnotallowedtodrillonthegroundwhereundergroundcablesareburied,pileupheavyobjects,garbage,slag,ordumpliquidscontainingacids,alkalis,andsalts.Diggingordiggingtrenchesonthegroundwhereundergroundcablesareburiedshouldberesolvedthroughconsultationwiththecommunicationsdepartment.
(3)Itisnotallowedtodropanchors,draganchors,digsand,fryfishandperformotheroperationsthatendangerthesafetyofcablesinthewaterswheretherearesignsofcross-rivercables.(4)Itisnotallowedtodropanchors,towanchors,trawlfishing,orperformotheroperationsthatendangerthesafetyofthesubmarinecablesinthewatersoftwonauticalmilesoneachsideofthesubmarinecablepositionindicatedonthechart(100metersoneachsideintheport).
(5)Itisnotallowedtobuildhousesandscaffoldswithinonemeteronbothsidesoftheundergroundcable,anditisnotallowedtodigsandandearthandsetuptoilets,manuretanks,livestockpens,andbiogaswithinthreemeterseach.Buildingssuchaspoolsthatcancausecablecorrosion.Treesandbamboosarenotallowedtobeplantedwithintherangeof2metersoneachsideofthecableoutsidetheurbanareaand0.75metersoneachsideofthecableintheurbanarea.
(6) Забранено е преместване или повреда на електрически стълбове, дърпащи кабели, антени, антенни захранващи кули и необслужвани усилвателни станции и микровълнови станции.
(7)Itisnotallowedtotakesoilandbuildshedsonbothsidesofoverheadlinesorintheantennaareawithintherangethatendangersthesafetyofpolesandcables.
(8) Не е позволено да се катери по електрически стълбове, стълбове за антени, кабели и друго спомагателно оборудване.
(9) Не е позволено да се връзват стълбове за добитък, дърпащи кабели, антени, антеноподаващи кули, скоби и друго спомагателно оборудване; Закачащи радио високоговорители и антени за радио и телевизия.
Article8
Buildingconstruction,roadconstruction,waterconservancyconstruction,farmlandconstruction,treeplantingandafforestation,fellingoftreesandbamboo,transportationofsuper-highandsuper-largeobjects,erectionoflines,Layingpipelinesandperformingunderwateroperations,etc.,ifthereisapossibilityofendangeringthesafetyofcommunicationlines,thecommunicationdepartmentshouldbeagreedinadvance,andtechnicalprecautionscanbetakenbeforeconstructioncanbestarted.
Forbranchesthatendangerthesafetyofcommunicationlines,thecommunicationdepartmentshouldconsultwiththerelevantdepartmentstoremovethemfreeofcharge.Thecommunicationsdepartmentcantrimthetreesandbamboosthathaveaffectedthecommunicationlinesbuthavenotbeenpruned.
Article9
Intheconstructionofcommunicationlines,thesafety,reliability,andeconomyofthelinesshouldbeconsidered,andtheimpactonexistingbuildingsandfacilitiesshouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible.Allnewlybuiltcommunicationlinesincities,towns,counties,andindustrialandminingareasshouldbeincorporatedintothecomprehensiveplanningofmunicipalpipelines,andbeconstructedinsyncwithroadsandotherpipelinenetworksasmuchaspossible.Electricpolesandcablesshouldbeusedtosavelandasmuchaspossible,occupylessornofarmland,andusetherequiredlandfreeofcharge.
Cropsandforestsshouldbetakencareofduringtheconstructionandmaintenanceofcommunicationlines;youngcropsandforestsshouldbedamagedduringconstructionandcompensationshouldbemadeaccordingtoregulations.
Article10
Generally,communicationlinescannotbechanged.Whenotherunitshavetorelocatetheircommunicationlinesunderspecialcircumstances,theyshallfirstobtaintheapprovalofthecommunicationsdepartment,andthecostandmaterialsrequiredfortherelocationprojectshallbebornebytheunitthatproposedtherelocation.
Article11
Anyunitorindividualwhoviolatestheseregulationsandcausesdamagetothelineorinterruptionofcommunicationshallbeorderedtobearthecostofrepairingthelineandcompensatethecommunicationstationthatblockedthecommunication.Theeconomiclossescausedwillcontinuetobeinvestigatedforcriminalresponsibilityinaccordancewiththelaw.Violationofthisregulation,althoughthecommunicationlinehasnotbeendamaged,butthesafetyofthecommunicationlinehasbeenendangered,thecommunicationdepartmentshalldissuadeorstopit;whennecessary,thepublicsecurityorganshallcooperatewiththecommunicationdepartmenttodissuadeorstopit.
Article12
Forunitsthathavemadeoutstandingachievementsinprotectingcommunicationlines,preventingdamageaccidents,assistingindetectingcases,capturingcriminals,recoveringstolencommunicationequipment,andassistinginrushingtorepaircommunicationlines,Collectivesandindividualsshallbecommendedorrewardedbythecommunicationsdepartment.
Член 13
Тези разпоредби влизат в сила на датата на обнародването. Ако предишните приложими разпоредби са в противоречие с тази разпоредба, тази разпоредба има предимство.