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Експериментален метод



Психология

Отнася се до метод на изследване за манипулиране на определена променлива при контролирани условия за изследване на нейното влияние върху други променливи.

Experimentalmethod:referstoamethodofpurposefullycontrollingcertainconditionsorcreatingcertainsituationstoinducecertainpsychologicalactivitiesofthesubjectsforresearch.

Laboratoryexperimentmethod

Thisreferstoamethodthatusescertainfacilities,controlscertainconditionsinthelaboratory,andconductsresearchwiththehelpofspecialexperimentalequipment.Awaytoexploretherelationshipbetweenindependentvariablesanddependentvariables.

Laboratoryexperimentmethodsareconvenientforstrictlycontrollingvariousfactors,andtestingandrecordingexperimentaldatathroughspecialinstruments,whichgenerallyhavehighreliability.Usuallyusedtostudythepsychologicalprocessandthephysiologicalmechanismofcertainmentalactivities.Butforthestudyofpersonalitypsychologyandothermorecomplexpsychologicalphenomena,thismethodstillhascertainlimitations.

Naturalexperimentmethod

Thisisamethodofcreatingandcontrollingcertainconditionsinapurposefulandplannedwayundernaturalconditionssuchasdailylife.

Експериментален метод

Thenaturalexperimentmethodisrelativelyclosetotherealityofhumanlife,iseasytoimplement,andhastheadvantagesofbothexperimentalmethodandobservationmethod,sothismethodiswidelyusedinthestudyofeducationalpsychology,childpsychologyandsocialpsychologyAlargenumberoftopicstolearn.

Pedagogy

Educationexperimentmethodisbasedoncertainteachingtheoryhypotheses,carriedoutinteachingpractice,usingnecessarycontrolmethodsandstrategies,changingresearchobjects,andexploringthecauseandeffectofteachingAregularscientificresearchactivity.Predictabilityandinterventionarethetwomostnotablecharacteristicsofexperimentalmethods.

Communications

Theexperimentalmethodsincommunicationarederivedfromexperimentalpsychology,andaregenerallydividedintotwotypes:controlledexperimentalmethodsandnaturalexperimentalmethods.Thecontrolledexperimentmethodreferstotheexperimentmethodinwhichtheresearchisconductedindoorsandsomeexperimentalfactorsareartificiallycontrolledduringtheresearch.Thenaturalexperimentmethodreferstotheexperimentmethodthatputstheexperimentinthesocialenvironmentandconductsitnaturally.Experimentalresearchoncommunicationbeganinthelate1920s.The1927-1932PennFoundation's"TheImpactofMoviesonYoungPeople"canbesaidtobetherudimentaryformofcommunicationexperimentalresearch.Inthe1940s,GestaltpsychologistLuYinusednaturalexperimentstoobservethecommunicationactivitieswithinthegroupwhenhewasstudyingtheinterpersonalrelationshipofsmallgroups.DuringandafterWorldWarII,psychologistHofland'sresearchonpersuasionandattitudechangeusingcontrolledexperimentationbroughttheexperimentalresearchofcommunicationtoapeak.Someimportantcommunicationtheorieswereconfirmedinexperiments,andtheexperimentalmethodbecamecommunication.Mainstreamresearchmethodsoflearning.

Метод

На сравнително малък специфичен пазар вземете определен фактор за работа със стоката като еталон, като качество на стоката, опаковка, дизайн, реклама, цена, дисплей и т.н. Отговорът на клиента се измерва чрез експерименти и след това въз основа на резултатите от експеримента се определя дали си струва да се развива .

Theexperimentalmethodusuallyadoptsthefollowingtwomethods:

(1)Changingcommodityfactors.Underthesamemarketconditions,firstmeasurethevariousfactorsundernormaloperatingconditions,andthenmeasurethesituationafteracertaincommodityfactor(suchasprice,packaging,advertising,etc.)changes,anddeterminetheeffectofthecommodityonthepurchasebytheeffectofsales.Theinfluenceofbehavior.

(2)Changethesurveyarea.Forexample,duetochangesinthemarketsituation,changesinthepurchasingpowerofcommodities,aswellaschangesinprices,consumerpsychology,andseasonalchanges,theresultsoftheexperimentwillbeaffectedtovaryingdegrees.Iftheoperatingconditionsofdifferentregionsarecomparedatthesametime,theeffectoftheexperimentwillbegreatlyimproved.Forexample,thesametypeofgoodsaretestedintwocompanieswithroughlythesameconditionsinaspecificpackagingform,andthentheresultsaremeasuredtounderstandtheimpactofthistypeofpackagingonpurchasingbehavior.

Basicelements

Theexperimentalmethodisdesignedaccordingtoacertaincausalhypothesis.Underhighlycontrolledconditions,certainfactorsaremanipulatedartificiallytotestwhetherthetwophenomenaareThereisacertaincausalconnectionresearchmethod.Asaspecificresearchmethod,theexperimentalmethodinvolvesthreepairsofbasicelements:

независими променливи и зависими променливи;

pre-testandpost-testTest;

Експериментална група и контролна група.

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