Introduction
Weaponfirecontrolsystemisageneraltermforequipmentthatcontrolsweaponstoautomaticallyorsemi-automaticallyimplementaimingandlaunching.Abbreviationforweaponfirecontrolsystem.Modernartillery,tankguns,tacticalrocketsandmissiles,airborneweapons(aircraftguns,bombsandmissiles),shipborneweapons(navalguns,torpedoes,missilesanddepthbombs)aremostlyequippedwithfirecontrolsystems.Unguidedweaponsareequippedwithfirecontrolsystems,whichcanimprovethespeedandaccuracyofaimingandlaunching,andenhancetheiradaptabilitytoharshbattlefieldenvironments,soastogivefullplaytotheweapon'sdamagecapability.Theguidedweaponisequippedwithafirecontrolsystem.Becauseofthemoreaccurateaimingbeforelaunch,itcanimprovetheworkingconditionsofitsguidancesystem,improvethemissile'sresponsetomobiletargets,andreducetheerrorrateoftheguidancesystem.
Състав
1, targettracker
2, противопожарен компютър
3, системна конзола
4.Инструмент за управление на стрелба
5.Интерфейсно оборудване
6.Необходимо периферно оборудване
Функция
1. Получаване на информация за ситуацията на бойното поле относно целта и целта
2, Изчислява параметрите за снимане, осигурява помощ при вземане на решения за снимане
3, Контролирайте оръжията за стрелба с огнева мощност, оценете ефекта от стрелбата
Класификация
1.Според предназначението:система за управление на огъня по повърхността на кораба,система за управление на пожара в авиацията,система за контрол на пожара на земята
2, според метода: аналогов, цифров
3.Според видовете оръжия: системи за управление на огъня за леки оръжия, системи за управление на огъня за тежки оръжия, бронирани системи за управление на огъня и др.
Systemcomponents
ShootingvariouselementsItistheazimuthandfiringangleoftheweaponbarrelorlaunchtrajectorythatcansendthewarhead(warhead)tothetargetarea.Forwarheadswithtimefuzes,therearealsofuzedivisions.GuidedweaponsandunderwaterweaponsmayalsoincludeGuidancedistance,steeringangle,setdepthanddivergenceangle.Itisthecoretaskoftheweaponfirecontrolsystemtofindouttheshootingelementsaccuratelyandinrealtime.
TargetsearchandidentificationUsingobservationequipmenttosearchfortargetsisthefirsttaskofthefirecontrolsystem.Thecommonlyusedobservationequipmentinthefirecontrolsystemincludesradar,opticalorlaserrangefinder,infraredorlow-lightnightvision,battlefieldreconnaissanceTV,soundmeasuringequipment,sonar,etc.Forfixedtargets,mapsandaerial(orsatellite)photoscanalsobeused.Aftersearchingforthetarget,thetargettype(vehicles,aircraft,missiles,ships,weapons,personnel,etc.),model,quantity,andattributesoffriendorfoeshouldbefurtheridentified.Theapplicationofimagerecognitiontechnologyhasautomatedtargetrecognition,andthemosteffectivedeviceforfriendorfoeidentificationistheelectronicfriendorfoeidentifier.
TargetparametermeasurementTargetparametersincludetargetpositionparametersandmotionparameters.Targetpositionparametersrefertothecoordinatesofthetargetrelativetothegeographiccoordinatesystemortheobservationcoordinatesystem,suchasdistance,azimuth,highandlowangle,etc.;targetmotionparametersincludespeed,heading,shipangle,acceleration,etc.,whichareusedtoobtainshootingDatathatisindispensabletothemeta.Observationequipmentusedfortargetparametermeasurementshouldhavehighaccuracy.Theyaremostlyusedtodeterminethepositionofthetarget.EquipmentusingtheDopplereffectcanalsodeterminethelongitudinalvelocityofthetargetrelativetotheobservationequipment.Formovingtargets,theobservationequipmentmustalsotrackthetargetinrealtime,measureaseriesoftargetparametervalues,andprovideconditionsforusingthesemeasuredvaluestoestimatethecurrentinstantaneouspositionandmotionparametersofthetarget.
MeteorologicalandballisticconditionmeasurementThemeteorologicalparameterssuchastemperature,airpressure,windspeed,winddirectionandballisticconditionparameterssuchastheinitialvelocitydeviationoftheprojectile,thetemperatureoftheprojectile,thedeviationoftheprojectileweight,etc.willallproducetheactualtrajectoryTheimpactmustbemeasuredintimesothatitcanbetakenintoaccountwhensolvingtheshootingelements.Theweightdeviationoftheprojectilecanbemeasuredbytherootgauge,barometer,anemometer,andprojectilemuzzlevelocitymeasuringinstrument.Meteorologicalradarandprojectilevelocitymeasurementradararemoreadvancedmeteorologicalandballisticconditionmeasurementequipment.Sincemeteorologicalconditionsaffecttheentiretrajectory,therelevantmeteorologicalmeasurementpointsshouldcovertheentiretrajectory.Fornavalunderwaterweapons,hydrologicalfactorssuchaswavesandoceancurrentsarealsomeasured.
CarrierMotionparametermeasurementThethreetranslationaldegreesoffreedomand3Thisrotationdegreeoffreedombothdeterioratestheobservationconditionsandchangestheballisticparameters.Themotionparametersthatseriouslyaffecttheshootingeffectshouldbemeasured,andtheobservationequipment,weaponbarrelorlaunchershouldbemadetomovewiththesamemagnitudeandoppositedirectionrelativetoitscarrier,orbecorrectedwhensolvingtheshootingelementstomaketheshootingOrthrowasfaraspossiblenottobeaffectedbythemovementofthecarrier.Thefirecontrolsystemusedforaimingandlaunchinginmotionisusuallyequippedwithathree-degree-of-freedomortwo-degree-of-freedomgyrosysteminordertotimelymeasurethethreeattitudeangles(pitch,yaw,andtilt)orangularvelocityofthecarrier.Forhigh-speedmovingvehicles(suchasairplanes,ships,etc.),thereisalsoaspeedmeasuringdeviceformeasuringthemovingspeedofthevehicle.Forfirecontrolsystemsthatrequireveryhighfiringaccuracy,suchastheshort-rangeanti-missileanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystem,itisnotonlyrequiredtomeasurethreeattitudeanglesorangularvelocities,butalsotomeasurethespeedofheave,lateralandlongitudinalmovements,andevenconsiderTheelasticdeformationofthecarrier.
MissingtargetmeasurementDuetotheinfluenceofvariousrandomfactorsthataredifficulttocontrolandcorrect,thefirstshotorthefirstgroupofwarheadsmaymissthetarget.Atthistime,theamountofmissshouldbemeasured,andthemeasuredamountofmissshouldbeusedtocorrecttheshootingelements.Thisisthecalibration.Forfixedtargetsorslow-movingtargetsrelativetotheweaponsystem,allequipmentthatcanobservetheexplosionpointandestimatethedeviationoftheexplosionpointfromthetargetcancompletethecalibrationtask.Theartillerycalibrationradarcanestimatethepointofimpactofthewarheadwithintheeffectiveareaofitslobe,anditisanadvancedcalibrationtool.Whenshootingathigh-speedtargetssuchasairplanesormissiles,itisnecessarytosimultaneouslytrackandmeasurethecoordinatesofthetargetandthewarheadovertime.Phasedarrayradarisanadvancedtooltoachievethismeasurement.
DataprocessingModernfirecontrolsystemsmainlyusedigitalelectroniccomputerstocompletedataprocessing.Thiskindofcomputeriscalledafirecontrolcomputer,andisoftencalledacommander.Itisthecorecomponentofthefirecontrolsystem.Itstaskistostorealldataandinformationrelatedtothetarget,missdistance,meteorologicalconditions,ballisticconditions,andcarriermotionparameters;calculatethecurrentinstantaneoustargetpositionandmotionparameters;accordingtotheballisticequationunderactualcombatconditionsorstoreitinfirecontrolTheshootingtableinthecomputercalculatesthecoordinatesofthehitpoint,calculatestheshootingelements;correctstheshootingelementsaccordingtothepastmisses;evaluatestheshootingeffect,etc.Itspurposeistooutputcontrolinstructionstothedisplaydeviceandthefollow-upsystem,oroutputcontrolinstructionstotheautopilot.
WeaponlaunchcontrolThepurposeistocontroltheweapontoreachthecorrectshootingpositionandshootinapredeterminedway.Inordertogivetheweaponshootingelements,hydraulicorelectromechanicalfollow-upsystemsareusuallyusedtocontroltheweapon'sfiringangle,azimuthangle,andfuzedivisionstomakethemconsistentwiththeoutputvalueofthefirecontrolcomputer.Whentheweaponiscompletelyorpartiallyfixedtothecarrier,forexample,thebarreloftheairborneartilleryandthelaunchtrackofthebombarecompletelyfixedtotheaircraft,andtheazimuthangleofsomelarge-caliberself-propelledartilleryisthesameasthatofthevehiclebody.Atthistime,thefirecontrolcomputerTheoutputinformationshouldbesenttotheautomaticcontrolmechanismtodrivethecarriertomoveinadirectionthatenablesthewarheadtohitthetarget.
Systemcontrol,informationdisplayandtransmissionInordertogivefullplaytothesubjectiveinitiativeofcommandandoperationpersonnel,thefirecontrolsystemisequippedwithasystemcontroloperationanddisplaypanel,whichhasagoodman-machineOperationinterface.
Thetypeandscaleofthefunctionalmodulesofthefirecontrolsystemaredesignedandequippedaccordingtothecharacteristicsandapplicationenvironmentoftheweaponstheycontrol.Forexample,thefirecontrolsystemofaweaponusedtostopfiringdoesnotneedtohavethefunctionofmeasuringthemovementparametersofthecarrier;inordertoreduceweightandreducethecost,someartillery,especiallysmallandmedium-calibergroundartillery,areoftennotequippedwithafollow-upsystem,andThegunner’sfiringelementsaresetontheartilleryaccordingtothefirecontrolcomputer;theanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystem,becauseofthesimultaneoustrackingoffasttargetsandobservationofhigh-speedprojectiles,theequipmentandtechnologyarecomplicatedandexpensive.Automaticcalibration;thefirecontrolsystemoftherevolvingtubeartilleryandthemulti-loadedartilleryoftheshort-rangeanti-missile.Inordertoensurethehitrateoftheweapon,mostofthemissedtargetsareautomaticallydetectedtoformalargeclosed-loopfirecontrolsystemforautomaticcalibration.Inordertomakeuseoftheadvantagesofdifferentobservationequipment,ensurethattherequiredinformationcanbeobtainedinvariousenvironments,andimprovetheirmobilityonthebattlefield,multipleobservationequipmentareoftenassembledinthesamecarriertoformcorrespondingreconnaissancevehicles,Reconnaissanceaircraft,aerialmooringplatformsandotherequipment.Meteorologicalobservationstations(vehiclesandships)alsointegratevariousmeteorologicalobservationequipmenttocompletelarge-scalemeteorologicalobservationandnotificationtasks.Althoughthesereconnaissanceorobservationvehicles,ships,andairplanescarryingavarietyofequipmenthavetocompletethetasksundertakeninthefirecontrolsystem,theyconstituteaweaponequipmentsystemindependentofthefirecontrolsystem.
Thecontrolofweaponshooting,fromthefirstsightandmeterusedatfirst,tothelatermorecomplexsightingdevice,allrelyonhumaneyeobservationandmanualoperation.Automatedfirecontrolsystemswerenotfirstusedinanti-aircraftgunfiringcontroluntilWorldWarII.Theanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystematthattimeusedradarandopticalrangefinderstosearchandtracktargets,electromechanicalanalogcomputersfordataprocessing,follow-upsystemstodrivetheartillery,andsynchronizedtransmissiondevicestoconnecttheabove-mentionedpartsintoanautomatedairdefensecomplex.Afterthewar,digitalcomputersreplacedanalogcomputers,greatlyimprovingthefunctionofthefirecontrolsystem.Frombeingabletocontrolonlyasingleweaponormultipleidenticalweaponstoshootatthesametargetwiththesameelements,itdevelopedtobeingabletocontrolmanydifferenttypesofweapons.Plantoshootmultipletargetswithdifferentelements.WiththedevelopmentofVLSIdigitalcomputers,suchasthedisplayofbattlefieldsituation,theformulationofcombatplans,theidentificationandselectionoftargets,thedistributionoffirepower,thedeterminationofammunitionconsumption,theevaluationofshootingeffects,themanagementofcommunicationsandtheprocessingofinformationTheabove-mentionedfirecontrolandotherproblemscanallbesolvedinthesamecomputersystem.Modernweaponfirecontrolsystemshavedevelopedintoanimportantpartofthecommand,control,communicationsandintelligence(C3I)system.
Известна система
Система Phalanx
Система Phalanx, произведена в Съединените щати, основна цел: отбрана
Aegissystem
Aegissystem, произведена в Съединените щати, основна цел: отбрана