Джордж Ийстман

Отличен талант

Лична информация

Ийстман е роден в село Уотървил, Ню Йорк, САЩ (Уотървил). Това е най-малкото от трите деца на Мария Килбърн и Джордж Уошингтън Ийстман .Селото се намира на около 20 мили югозападно от Ютика в северен Ню Йорк. Продадената къща на Ийстман е мястото, където е роден бащата на Джордж. Джордж е прекарал детството си там. извън Рочестър.

Житейски опит

Когато Джордж беше на 5 години, баща му продаде детската стая и премести семейството си в Рочестър. Тук старият Ийстмен посвети живота си на търговския колеж на Ийстман (Eastman CommercialCollege). За съжаление се случи бедствие. Когато Джордж беше на 7 години, баща му почина ,училището беше затворено и семейството изпадна във финансови проблеми.

Eastman’smotherisastrongwoman.Shedoesnothavemuchcultureandcanonlydooddjobsforotherstoearnmoney,butsheknowstheimportanceofeducationtoherchildren.Inordertoraisetheseexpenses,sheworksdayandnight.Workinghard,it’sraretotakeabreak.Eastmanfeltpainfulwhenhesawhismotherworkingsohard,butatayoungage,hecouldonlyrememberhismother'skindnessinhisheart.

Attheageof14,Eastmanneverwantedtogotoschoolanymore.Hecouldn'tbearhismothertobeartheburdenofthefamilyalone.Hewantedtohelphersharethisresponsibility.Hismotheropposedhisdroppingoutofschool,butEastmanwasdetermined.Hismothercouldonlywatchherchildentersocietysoearly.

Afterdroppingoutofschool,Eastmanbegantoworkasahandymaninaninsurancecompany.Hisfirstjobwasamessengerforaninsurancecompany,andhewaspaid3dollarsaweek.Itwasonlyincreasedto5yuaninthesecondyear.Inthisway,thesituationathomebegantoimprove.Ayearlater,hebecameastaffmemberofanotherinsurancecompany.Throughhisownefforts,hesoontookchargeofthefilingofinsurancepolicies,andeventhepreparationofinsurancepolicies.Hissalaryhasrisento$5aweek.Eventhoughtherewasonlysuchasmallamountofmoney,Eastmanstillregardeditasatreasure,carefullyaccumulatedit,andgaveitalltohismother.Atthesametime,healsodoespart-timebookshelfsales,andsometimesevenvisitshometosellknittingneedlesforsweaterstohousewives.Thesalespromotionworkisevenmoreshockingandoftensuffersfromcoldeyes,butforthesakeofhismotherandfamily,Eastmanenduredit.

През 1874 г., след пет години в застрахователната индустрия, той се издигна като младши служител в спестовната банка на Рочестър. Хисарската заплата се утрои - повече от 15 долара на седмица. След няколко години на пестеливост той най-накрая натрупа 3000 долара. Като банков служител, Ийстман влезе в редиците на белите якички.

Предварителни опити

Общ преглед

От детството Ийстман обича да пътува. Оказа се, че няма пари и време и накрая той може да отиде навсякъде през 1879 г. Изчезна, 25-годишният планира да отиде на почивка в Санто Доминго. Когато колегите му предложиха да запишете пътуването, Ийстманb трябва набор от фотографско оборудване за $94-включително фотоапарат и видео оборудване, включително цялото оборудване, необходимо за влажно време, и научени фотографски техники. Преди това той е бил очарован от фотографията.

Butwhatbotheredhimwasthatthecamerawastoobulkyatthetime:thecamerawasasbigasamicrowaveovenandneededaheavytripod.Healsobroughtatentsothathecouldapplyphotographiclatexontheglasssheet,thenexposetheglasssheet,andthenwashtheexposureplatebeforeitdries.Therearechemicals,glassbarrels,heavyplateracksandajugofwater.Thefullsetofequipmentis"awholewagon",ashedescribedit.Tomakemattersworse,therearemanytroublesomestepsintheoperationofthismachine.Ifyoudonotstrictlyfollowthetechnicalessentials,theresultwilleitherleaklightorbecomeblurred.Moreover,learninghowtouseitfortakingpicturesalsocost$5.Ifthisgoeson,photographyisnotaburden,butaburden.Canitbringpleasuretotourists?Eastmanvowedtohimself:Wemustworkhardtoimprovephotographicequipment,simplifyshootingprocedures,andmakephotographictechnology"popular"-usingacameraisasconvenientasusingapencil,sothateveryonecanenjoythejoyofphotography.Hebegantodevotehimselftothedevelopmentoflightweightandconvenientphotographicequipment.

Makeupyourmind

Eastman’striptoSantoDomingodidnottakeplace.Buthewascompletelyfascinatedbyphotographyanddeterminedtomakethecomplicatedprocesssimple.Atthattime,thephotographictechnologywasstillinitsinfancyandtheeffectwasnotsatisfactory.Eastmanwasdeterminedtoexplorethepathofinnovation.Afterreturninghomefromthebankeveryday,heplungedintohisownresearch.Thekitchenathomebecamehislaboratory.Heboughtvariouschemicalreagentstodovariousexperiments.Asforchemistry,heisalayman,buttheso-calledpracticeleadstotrueknowledge.Throughvariousexperiments,manymysterieshavebeenuncoveredbyhim.Hismain"mentor"isaBritishphotographymagazinethathehasrippedapart.

Everytime,hecoveredtheroomtightlyanddidtheexperimentsthatseemedtobeneverdone.Whenhegottired,helayonthefloortosleepforawhile,andthenwentontoworkwhenhewokeup.Thiskindofendlessmonotonouslifedoesn'tfeelbitteratall,andhisheartisfullofthehappinessbroughtbycreation.

Inoneexperiment,hehadbeendoingSaturdaynightfromWednesday.Ithappenedthathisgirlfriendcameonthephoneforadate.Thetwoagreedtomeetatthestationat10o'clockthenextmorning.Afterhangingupthephone,Eastmanstartedhisownexperimentagain,butbecausehewastoofocused,hewasalreadythreepolesupwhenhefellasleep.Thissituationwastoonumeroustomention,andhisgirlfriendcouldnolongerstandit,soshebrokeupwithhim.Althoughitwaspainfulinhisheart,Eastmancontinuedtomakeinvention.

Successfullydeveloped

Afterthreeyearsofphotographyexperiments,Eastmanfinallyhasafeasibleformula.HereadinaBritishmagazinethatphotographersaremakingtheirowngelatinemulsion.Theglasssheetcoatedwiththisemulsioncanstillmaintainphotosensitivityafterdryingandfacilitateexposure.UsingaformulatakenfromoneoftheseBritishmagazines,Eastmanbeganmakinggelatinemulsions.In1878,Eastmaninventedafilmcoatedwithalayerofdrygelatin.Priortothis,photosensitivenegativeswereallwetfilms.Afterthewetfilmbaseiscoatedwiththeemulsion,itmustbeexposedandprocessedbeforeitisdry,whilethedryfilmcanbeexposedandprocessedatanytime.In1879,Eastmaninventedamilkcoatingmachineandbeganmassproductionofdrytablets.Hesoonrealizedthatitwaspossibletomakedryplatesandsellthemtootherphotographers.

Основаване на компания

История

Изобретението на Ийстман започна да привлича вниманието на хората, а изследванията му започнаха да бъдат спонсорирани от бизнесмена Стоун. През април 1880 г. г-н Ийстман нае третия етаж на сграда на Стейт Стрийт в Рочестър и започна да произвежда сухи чинии за продажба. Едно от първите съоръжения, които купи, беше употребяван двигател на стойност $125.

„Всичко наистина има нужда от конски сили“, припомни той. „Това е две конски сили, но мисля, че може би с развитието на бизнеса ще са необходими две конски сили. Струва си да опитате, така че го купих.“

Developmentofthecompany

Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofthenewcompany,thecompanyfaceddisintegrationatleastonce,whentherewasaproblemwiththedryplateinthehandsofthedistributor.Mr.Eastmanrecalledallthesebadboardsandreplacedthemwithgoodones."Compensationforthoseeditionscostusourlastdollar,"hesaid."Butthemoreimportantthinglefttousisreputation."

„Тази идея се оформя постепенно“, той каза: „Това, което трябва да направим, не е просто да направим сухи чинии, а да направим фотографията обикновена“, или да го опише по-сбито, „да направи фотоапарата толкова удобен като молив“.

Mr.Eastman’sexperimentaldirectionistousealighterandmoreflexiblefilmbasethanglass.Hisfirstmethodwastoapplyphotographiclatextophotographicpaper,andthenloadthephotographicpaperintothefilmholder.Thefilmholderisusedforviewfindercameras,insteadofglassholders.

Постиженията на компанията

През 1885 г. първият филмов логан беше „Скоро ще бъде пуснат нов тип фоточувствителен филм, който вярвам, че ще бъде потвърден като чиния за сушене на стъкло за използване на открито и в студио. Икономични, удобни и практични алтернативи.“

През 1886 г. Ийстман разработи ролков тип фоточувствителен филм, „Филмът на Ийстман“, който постави началото на историята на използването на мокри, обемисти и крехки стъкла като фотографски филм.

Thephotographicsystemusingthefilmrackwasanimmediatesuccess.However,photographicpaperasamediumforemulsionsisnotcompletelysatisfactory,becausetheparticlesofphotographicpapermayreappearinthephotograph.

Mr.Eastman'ssolutionistocoatalayerofpuresolublegelatinonthephotographicpaper,andthenalayerofinsolublephotosensitivegelatin.Afterexposureanddevelopment,thegelatinappliedtotheimagepeeledoffthephotopaper,transferredtoasheetoftransparentgelatin,andthenmodifiedwithcollodion—acellulosesolutionthatcanformaflexiblefilm.

SocialEvaluation

Whileimprovingthetransparentfilmandfilmholder,Mr.Eastmanchangedtheentiredirectionofhisworkandlaidthefoundationforhissuccessinamateurphotography.

Helatersaid:"Whenwestartedtoimplementthefilmphotographyplan,weexpectedeveryonewhousedglasssheetstoswitchtofilm.Butwefoundthatrelativelyfewpeopledidthis.Inordertoexpandthebusiness,Wemustgetthesupportofthegeneralpublic."

ThebirthofKodak

Notsatisfied

TheinventiondidnotsatisfyEastman.Afterall,thereal"photographic"Popularization"hasnotyetbeenachieved,andfamily-oriented,portablehomecamerasarehisultimategoal.Eastmanputallhisenergyintotheimprovementofthecamera,studyinghowtomakethemachinesmaller,lighterandmoreconvenient.Aftercountlessfailures,thenewcameradevelopedbyEastmanin1886wasfinallyborn!Thisisagreatinventioninhumanhistory!Atthesametime,themostspecialthingaboutthiskindofcameraisthatafteralltheshotsarefinished,thecameraissentfordevelopmentintact.Thisstyleandsalesmethodisofepoch-makingsignificanceinthehistoryofphotography.Photographyenthusiastshavesinceendedtheeraofloadingphotographicequipmentwithhorse-drawncarriages.

Раждането на нов продукт

За да даде уникално име на новия си продукт, Ийстман мислеше дълго време и създаде нова дума, която никога не е била виждана преди – „Кодак“, той по-късно обясни: „Това име е моята идея, „К“ е моето любимо писмо, то принадлежи на този вид буква с надписи и запомнящи се букви. Но как да направя тази дума звезда с "К" и в крайна сметка това се превърна в проблем. След много проби на монограми най-накрая се сетих за "Кодак". .Eastmani е световноизвестен и компанията е най-ценна Един от активите.

InJune1888,thesmallpocketcamera"KodakOne"wasfinallylaunchedonthemarket,butatthebeginning,thesituationwasnotverygood.Becauseitwasanewthing,whenthecamerawasfirstlaunchedonthemarket,almostnothingPeopleareinterested.Lookingatthisstrangelyshapedthing,noonebelievesthatitwillproducegoodportraits.Afterall,traditionalphotographicequipmenthasoccupiedthemarketforsolong.Besides,photographyhasalwaysbeenatroublesomething.Manypeopleareafraidthattheydon'thavetheskillsandwon'tplaywiththisnewthing.

Facedwiththissituation,Eastmancameupwithanewideaandcameupwithaverygoodidea.Hepostedanadvertisementinthemedia:"Youonlyneedtopressthebutton,andwewilldotherest."Lessthanayearlater,thesloganbecameahouseholdname.Subsequently,advertisingmanagersandadvertisingagenciesrushedtoimplementhisideas,magazines,newspapers,showcasesandbillboardswerecoveredwithKodakslogans.

KodakproductshaveaplaceattheWorldExpo."KodakGirls"dressedinfashionableclothes,holdingcamerasthatchangeeveryyear,andshowingcharmingsmilestophotographersfromallwalksoflife.In1897,theword"Kodak"wasshininginTrafalgarSquareinLondonasanelectro-opticalsign-oneofthefirstsignsofthiskindusedinadvertising.

Днес рекламите на компаниите се появяват по целия свят, а търговската марка „Kodak“, създадена от самия г-н Ийстман, е по-голямата част от домакинството.

През 1892 г. Eastman променя името на компанията си на "Eastman Kodak" Company. През 1895 г. Koda пуска джобен фотоапарат с цена от $5 на пазара, което прави сензация влюбен в света - мечтата за "популяризирането" на фотографската технология най-накрая се превръща в реалност.

Technologicalinnovation

Overview

EveryadvancementofKodakistheresultofscientificresearch.Inordertobuildanexcellentbrand,fromthebeginning,EastmanItpaysgreatattentiontoscientificresearchwork.Tothisend,hesparednoexpensetorecruitmanytoptalentsandencouragedthemtoexploreanddevelopnewproducts.Kodak'sresearchanddevelopmentbudgetranksamongthetopoftheAmericanbusinesscommunity,withadailyinvestmentofupto1.5millionU.S.dollars.Theheadofficealoneemploysabout2,000engineersandscientistsforvariousresearchtasks.

Funfacts

Bychance,twomusiciansintheUnitedStateswerewatchingacolorshortfilmandinspiredtheideaof​​improvingcolorphotography.Therefore,theydividedtheemulsionformulatedbyGermanscientistsintothreelayersandfinallydiscoveredthattheyhadaphotosensitiveeffectonthered,green,andbluecolorsofthelightsource.WhattheydidnotexpectwashowimportantthisdiscoverywastoEastman.

Incolorphotographyatthattime,photographershadtoinstallthreedifferentcolorfiltersofred,greenandblueonthelens.Thetoolswerecomplicated,thecostwashigh,andthecolorswerepaintedmanually,sotheeffectwasnotverygood.AssoonasEastmansawtheirnewresultsinthemagazine,hewaskeenlyawarethatthecontinuationofthisresearchwouldbringaboutarevolutionincolorphotography.

In1930,Eastmansignedacontractwiththesetwomusiciansandgavegreatsupportintermsoftechnicalstrengthandfunds.After3yearsofhardwork.Theworld'sfirstlight-sensitivecolorfilmthatcanusethetwo-colorprocessingprocesscameout.Soon,theyfurtherdividedthephotosensitivefilminto5layers.Sincethen,anyonewilluseKodakcolorfilmtotakephotos-todevelopbrightlycoloredphotos.

Excellentmanagementsystem

Inadditiontoadvancedtechnology,themostimportantthingisanexcellentmanagementsystem.Thatistodoeverythingwithacustomer-centricattitude,anduseitasthepillar.Nomatterwhatyoudo,Eastmanholdsthisattitudeandalwaysimplementstheideaof​​abandoningcomplexityandsimplifying.Eventhecompany'sname-"Kodak",isalsoderivedfromhisdesiretocreateanamethatdoesnotexistinanylanguage,butiseasytocatchinanylanguage.

Eastmanestablishedthispillaratthebeginningofthebusiness.Whenhefirststarted,herecalledabatchofdefectivephotosensitivematerialsandrefundedthecustomerinfull,althoughtherewasnolawthatrequiredhimtodoso.ButEastmanfirmlybelievesthatlosingthetrustofcustomerswillcausemoreseriouslossestoKodak.Heisoperatingthecompany'sbrandasacentury-oldproject.Tothisday,thisphilosophyhasbeenstrictlyfollowed.AtKodak,thereisnothingmoreimportantthanmaintainingthebrand.Whenformulatingeverystrategy,makingeverydecision,anddealingwitheverycustomermatter,wemustconsiderwhatkindofimpactthiswillhaveonthebrand.

Inaddition,therecommendedrewardsystemmustbementioned.Asearlyas1889,GeorgeEastmanreceivedaproposalfromanordinaryworker.Theproposalcallsontheproductiondepartmenttowipetheglasswindowsclean.Althoughthiswassomethingthatcouldnotbesmall,Eastmansawthesignificanceofit.Hebelieveditwasamanifestationofemployeeenthusiasm.Heimmediatelypubliclycommendeditandissuedbonuses,andsincethenestablisheda"Kodaksuggestionsystem."Thissystemhasbeenretainedtothisdayandhasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Thecompany'semployeeshaveputforward1.8millionsuggestions,andmorethan600,000havebeenadoptedbythecompany.Thebonusesforthecompany'semployeesformakingsuggestionsareaboutmillionsofdollarsormoreeachyear.WhatEastmancouldnotthinkofwasthatthe"KodakSuggestionSystem"heestablishedlaterbecamethetargetofothermajorcompaniestofollowsuit.

Benefitemployees

Introduction

Inadditiontohiscreativetalents,EastmanalsousesextraordinaryforesighttoincorporatehumanityatthebeginningoftheestablishmentofthecompanyAnddemocraticmanagement.Hebelievesthatemployeesshouldnotonlyhavegoodincome-thiswayofthinkingisfaraheadofthemanagersofhistime.

Atthebeginningofthecompany'sestablishment,Eastmanbegantoplantogiveemployees"dividends."In1899,hisfirstactionwastodistributealargesumofmoneyheearnedtoeveryemployeewhoworkedforhimfreeofcharge.

По-късно той определя „дивидент“, в съответствие с частта от годишния дивидент на компанията, всеки служител може да получи бонус, по-висок от заплатата. „Дивидентите“ са иновация, която представлява голяма част от разпределението на печалбата на компанията.

Compassionateemployees

Mr.Eastmanbelievesthatthecompany’sprosperityisnotonlyattributedtoinventionsandpatents,butmoretothededicationandloyaltyofemployees,andthededicationandloyaltyofemployeescanbeachievedthroughprofitTheformofsharingisconsolidated.

През 1919 г. г-н Ийстман подари една трета от акциите на компанията (пазарна стойност от 10 милиона щатски долара по това време), които той притежаваше на служителите си. По-късно той започна да изпълнява планове за създаване на пенсии, животозастраховане и застраховка за трудови злополуки, които г-н Ийстман смяташе за своя отговорност. пясъчни дивиденти, бъдещето на служителите ще бъде по-сигурно.

ThebiographerCarlW.Ackermanwrotein1932:"Mr.Eastmanisacontemporarygiant.Thesocialphilosophyheimplementedwhenhefoundedthecompanyisnotonlyforwardthinkingthroughouthislife,butalsoManyyearslater,itwasgenerallyrecognizedandaccepted."

Givingbacktothesociety

Careersuccess

Eastmanisaninventorandasuccessfulentrepreneur.HeThewealthisrollingin.Hedoesnotneedtoproducecamerasallovertheworld,butcameramanufacturersallovertheworldhavetopayhimforanyuseofhispatentedproducts.Hetriggeredmanyrevolutionsinthemilestoneofphotographictechnology.Butmaybehiscareeristoobusy,maybeheistoofocusedonhisinvention,andEastmanisunmarriedforlife.ButEastmanwasnotwithdrawn.Hedevotedallhislaterthoughtsandwealthtocharity.

Mr.Eastman’scontributiontophilanthropyisalmostaswell-knownashispioneeringworkinthefieldofphotography.Inthisfieldasinotherfields,heworkswiththeenthusiasmofanavidfan.

Whentheweeklysalaryreached60USdollars,hebegantodonatetonon-profitorganizations-ofwhich50USdollarsweredonatedtothenewlyestablishedandstrugglingRochesterInstituteofMechanicalEngineering(nowRochesterInstituteofTechnology).

HeisanadmireroftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,becausehehiredagroupofgraduatesfromtheacademy,wholaterbecamehismostcapableassistants.Aftercarefulconsideration,hedonatedanextremelygenerousgifttotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytoexpresshisadmiration,andtheamountlaterreached20millionUSdollars.Thegiftwasgivenanonymouslyinthenameof"Mr.Smith".Later,theidentityofthemysterious"Mr.Smith"hasbeenspeculatedforseveralyears,anditwasevenshowninapopularsongbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.

Mr.Eastmanalsoshowedakeeninterestindentalclinics.HedevelopedacompleteplanfortheRochesterDentalClinicandraised$2.5millioninfunding.Thenalarge-scaledentaltreatmentprogramwaslaunchedforchildren.DentalclinicswerealsodonatedtoLondon,Paris,Rome,BrusselsandStockholm.

Whenaskedwhyheprefersdentalclinics,hereplied:“Spendingmoneyondentalclinicswillpaymoreinreturnthanspendingonanyothercharitableprogram.Ifit’scriticalTakegoodcareofyourteeth,nose,throatandmouthduringchildhood.Duringthechildren’slifetime,betterappearance,betterhealthandmoreenergycanprovidethemwithbetteropportunities.Thisisamedicalfact.".

Givingbacktosociety

Mr.Eastmanlovesmusicandhopesthatotherswillenjoythebeautyandhappinessofmusic.HeestablishedandfundedtheEastmanSchoolofMusic,atheaterandasymphonyorchestra."Itisrelativelyeasytohireskilledmusicians,butmusicappreciationcannotbeboughtbymoney.However,withoutalargenumberofpeopleenjoyingthefunofmusic,anyattempttodevelopmusicresourcesinanycityisdoomedtofail."Hesaidso.Therefore,thereisapracticalformulainhisplantoletthepublicbeinfluencedbymusic-tousetheachievementsaccumulatedbythepeopleofRochesterfordecadestosupporttheirownsymphonyorchestra.

WiththedeepeningofMr.Eastman'sworkandstudyinthefieldofhospitalsanddentalclinics,hisinterestinthisfieldhasbecomeincreasinglystrong.HeadvocatedandimplementedaplantoestablishamedicalschoolaffiliatedhospitalattheUniversityofRochester,anditisaswell-knownastheuniversity’sconservatory.RochestercanseeMr.Eastman'sepoch-makingmarkeverywhere,andhisgreatcontributiontoenrichingcommunitylife.

HeisveryconcernedabouttheeducationofAfricanAmericansandhasgivenalotofgiftstoHamptonandTuskegeeCollege.Onacertaindayin1924,Mr.Eastmansignedadonationof$30milliontotheUniversityofRochester,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,HamptonandTuskegeeCollege.Whenheputdownhispen,hesaid,"Ifeelbetternow."

Duringhislife,Eastman'sdonationexceeded$100million.Intheearly20thcentury,100millionUSdollarswasanextremelylargefortune.Explainingthesepreciousgifts,hesaid:“Theprogressoftheworldisalmostentirelydependentoneducation.IchosealimitednumberofrecipientsbecauseIwanttosupportcertaintypesofeducationandfeelthatthiskindofdonationisbetterthannochoice.Therewardsarefasterandmoredirect."

Mr.Eastmanoftenmakesbeneficiariesworthyofreceivinggiftsinsomeway,sothecollegewillhavetheconfidencetobeindependent.Forhim,hugewealthbringsgreateropportunities.

Amateurlife

Mr.Eastmanhasataciturnpersonalityanddoesnotliketosocialize.Itsoundscounterintuitivethatapersonwiththesamenameasthephotographerleftfarfewerphotosthanmanyotheroutstandingleadersatthetime.HewaswalkingonthestreetsofRochesterandnooneevenknewhim.

Mr.Eastman'soutlookonlifeis"thedecisionswemakeduringworkinghoursarewhatwehave;thedecisionswemakeinoursparetimedetermineourcharacter".Inhiscareer,heisatoughcompetitor,neversurrenderingandpragmatic,andgentleathomeoroutdoorentertainment.

WhenhevisitsEuropeeveryyear,hewillsystematicallyvisitvariousgalleries-evencyclingfromoneplacetoanother.Atthattimehewasabletobuyfamouspaintings,buthewiselysaid:"Iwillneverbuyapainting,Ijustletitsettleinmyhome."Theresult:hishomebecameoneofthebestprivatecollectionsoffamouspaintings.

Heisahumbleman...aninventor,businessman,visionary,philanthropist,andalmightywarrior.Mr.EastmancommittedsuicideonMarch14,1932,attheageof77.Duetothesclerosisofthelowerspinalcordcells,thedisabilitybecamemoreandmoreserious.Mr.Eastmanwastorturedbytheillnessandwasunabletofacelifepositively.Hebecameincreasinglydiscouragedandbegantospreadhiswealth."Mr.Eastmanmadeahugecontributiontotheeducationofthemodernworld,"commentedaneditorialintheNewYorkTimesafterMr.Eastman'sdeath."Hegavegreatgiftstomankind,andgenerouslygavebacktomankindtherewardshereceived;hecultivatedpeople'sappreciationofmusic,fundedschools,supportedscientificresearchandeducation,andstrivedtopromotehealthandreducehumandiseases,andhelplower-classpeopleStrivingforthelight,makinghiscityanartcenterandmakinghiscountrymoremagnificentintheeyesoftheworld."

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