Introduction
Gravureprinting,referredtoasgravureprinting,isoneofthefourprintingmethods.Gravureprintingisadirectprintingmethodthatdirectlyimprintstheinkcontainedinthegravurepitsontothesubstrate.Theshadeoftheprintedpictureisdeterminedbythesizeanddepthofthepits.Ifthepitsaredeeper,Itcontainsmoreink,andtheinklayerleftonthesubstrateafterembossingisthicker;onthecontrary,ifthepitsareshallower,theamountofinkcontainedisless,andtheinklayerleftonthesubstrateafterembossingIt'sthinner.Theprintingplateofgravureprintingiscomposedofpitscorrespondingtotheoriginalimageandtextandthesurfaceoftheprintingplate.Duringprinting,theinkisfilledintothepits,andtheinkonthesurfaceoftheprintingplateisscrapedoffwithasqueegee.Thereisacertainpressurecontactbetweentheprintingplateandthesubstrate,andtheinkinthepitsistransferredtothesubstratetocompletetheprinting.Gravureprinting,asakindofprintingprocess,hastheadvantagesofthickinklayer,brightcolor,highsaturation,highprintingplatedurability,stableprintingquality,fastprintingspeedandotheradvantagesinprintingpackagingandgraphicpublishing.Occupyanextremelyimportantposition.Fromtheperspectiveofapplication,inforeigncountries,gravureprintingismainlyusedforfinepublicationssuchasmagazinesandproductcatalogs,packagingprintingandprintingofsecuritiessuchasbanknotesandstamps,anditisalsousedinspecialfieldssuchasdecorativematerials;inChina,gravureprintingPrintingismainlyusedforflexiblepackagingprinting.Withthedevelopmentofdomesticgravureprintingtechnology,ithasalsobeenwidelyusedinpaperpackaging,woodgraindecoration,leathermaterials,andpharmaceuticalpackaging.Ofcourse,gravureprintingalsohasitslimitations.Itsmaindisadvantagesare:complexpre-pressplate-makingtechnology,longcycle,highplate-makingcost;duetotheuseofvolatilesolvents,thehighcontentofharmfulgasesintheworkshopwillcausegreaterdamagetothehealthofworkers;gravureprintingPractitionersrequirerelativelyhighremuneration.
Developmenthistory
Oneofthebasicprintingmethods.Thegraphicsandtextoftheprintingplatearelowerthantheblankpart,andthewholepageisinkedwhenprinting,andthenthelayoutiswiped,sothatonlytheinkisleftinthegraphicsandtextpart,whichistransferredtothesubstrateandbecomesaprintedmatter.Itcanbedividedintothreetypes:engravingintaglio,photo-etchingintaglioandelectronicengraving.
Engravingintaglioisdevelopedfromtheartofprintmaking.Itwasinventedin1452bytheItaliangoldandsilversmithM.Finiguela.Atfirstitwasallhand-carved,butlateritwaschemicallyetched.Inmoderntimes,machineryhasbeenusedasmuchaspossible.Thelayoutiscomposedofpointsandlinesofdifferentdepthandthickness.Thelinesoftheprintedmatterareslightlyconvex,cleanandclear,andanti-counterfeiting,soitismostlyusedforprintingbanknotes,stampsandothervaluablesecurities.
PhotographiccorrosionintaglioInthelate19thcentury,thepainterK.Klick,whowasborninBohemia,usedhispredecessor'sphotographyandcarbonpaperprintingtoinventthephotogravureandtheintagliowithascraper.Printingmethod.Theinkedpartofthegraphiconthepageisaregulararrangementofsmallholes(cells),whicharegenerallysquareinshapeandthesamesize,butwithdifferentshadesanddifferentinkcapacities.Itsprintedmatterhasthickinkandcanachieveaprintingeffectthatiscompletelyconsistentwiththetoneleveloftheoriginalimage.Itisthemostcommontypeofgravureprinting,soitisalsocalledtraditionalgravure.Formorethanhalfacentury,severalnewphoto-corrosiveintaglioplateshavebeendeveloped.Forexample,referringtotheoffsetprintingdotstructure,theinkingholesaredifferentinsize,butthedepthisthesameorinconsistent,andtheprintingqualityisbetter.
Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,electronicengravingofintaglioengravingmachinesbegantohaveintaglioelectronicengravingmachines.Itusesascanningheadandacomputer-controlleddiamondcuttertoengravepicturesandtextsonthedrum.Theinkingholesareintheshapeofaninvertedpyramid.Therearechangesindepth.Itsprintingqualityisnolessthanthatofphoto-corrosiongravure,andithastheadvantagesofsimpleoperation,shortplate-makingtime,andnowasteliquiddisposalproblems.
Moderngravureprintingplatesaremostlymadeonthesurfaceofaroundcylinder,andtheprintingmethodofroundpressingisadopted.Usuallytheimpressioncylinderisontopandtheplatecylinderisonthebottom.Thelowerpartoftheprintingplatecylinderisimmersedintheinktank,andtheplatesurfacegetsinkfromthetank(itisalsousedtoejectinkfromaninkpumportransferinktotheplatesurfacebyaninkrollerimmersedintheinktank).Athinsteelscraperisplacedabovetheinktanktopressonthesurfaceoftheplatecylindertoscrapeofftheinkontheplatesurfacewithoutgraphics(itcanalsobewipedwithacounter-rotatingwiperroller).Theinkremainingintheinkholes(orlines)ofthegraphicandtextonthelayoutistransferredtothepaper(plasticfilm,aluminumfoil,etc.)passingthroughwhenitistransferredtothetangentpointofthetwocylinders,andthegraphicandtextareprinted.
Comparedwithoffsetprintingorcopperplateembossingwhencopyingmonochromeorcolorphotographs,ithasthickinklayer,richlayers,goodprintingquality,lowwastepaperrate,printingplatedurability,long-termstorage,etc.Advantages,especiallygoodprintingeffectoncoarsepaper,cellophane,plasticfilmandmetalfoil.However,gravureprintingtakesalongtimeandhighcost,soonlycolorpictures,picturealbums,magazines,bookillustrations,postcards,trademarks,packaginganddecoration,securities,buildingdecorationmaterials,etc.withhighqualityrequirementsaresuitableforgravureprinting.Moreover,thenumberofprintedproductsislarge,sogravureprintingismorecost-effective.Inaddition,thequalityofprintedsmalltextisnotgood,sogravureprintingisnotrequiredfortext-basedbooksandperiodicals.
Becausethegravureinkmusteasilyentertheinkingholesoftheprintingplateandtransfertothepaper,ithasgoodfluidity,andvolatilebenzenesarecommonlyusedassolvents.Inordertopreventsolventsfrompollutingtheairandpreventingfires,attentionmustbepaidtosealingoffallsourcesofpollution,recoveringsolvents,andventilatingtheworkplace.Theresearchandapplicationofwater-basedgravureinksthatrequirenodegradationofprintingqualityareactivelybeingexploredathomeandabroad.
Типове
Типовете дълбок печат са разделени на два типа според метода на изработка на плочи: дълбоко гравиране и дълбоко гравиране.
Engravingintaglio
Engravingintaglioistodirectlyengravethepitscorrespondingtotheoriginalimageandtextonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderwithacutter.Accordingtothecontrolmethodofthecutter,itcanbedividedintoHand-engravedintaglio,mechanicalengravedintaglioandelectronicengravedintaglio.
(1) Ръчно гравиран интаглио
Hand-engravedintaglioismadebytechniciansusingacarvingknifetohand-engravethesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicsandtext.TheprintingplatematerialsareavailableCopperorsteelplate.Themanuallaborisheavy,theplate-makingcostislarge,andthecycleislong.However,thehand-engravedintagliohasclearlines,andtheprintedmatterhasastrongsenseoflayeringandisdifficulttoforge.Mostlyusedtoproduceprintedintaglioplatesforsecuritiesandhigh-qualityartworks.
(2) Механично гравиране дълбоко
Mechanicalengravingintaglioismadebyengravingonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderwithamechanicallycontrolledcutter,whichreducestheheavylaborofmanualengraving,andmakestheplateThespeedisfast,thecycleisshorter,andtheplate-makingcostisalsolower.Mainlyusedtoproduceprintedintaglioplatesforsecurities.
Becauseofthehighcostoftheabovetwotypesofengravingandplate-making,theplate-makingcycleislong,sothescopeofuseislimited.Butthingsaredividedintotwoparts.Asfarasanti-counterfeitingpackagingisconcerned,hand-engravingintagliomaybethebestmethodofplatemaking.Becausesecretanti-counterfeitingisoneofthemainmethodsofanti-counterfeitingpackaging,technicianscanusevariousmethodstoengravesomesecretmarksduringtheprocessofhand-engravingtheintaglio.Thesesecretmarksonthehand-engravedintaglioarenoteasytobefound,anditismoredifficulttodistinguishthemontheprintedmatter.,Whichformsthesecretofanti-counterfeiting.
(3) Електронно гравиране дълбоко
Thiskindofplateisengravedonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderbytheelectroniccontroldevicetocontrolthecarvingknife.Usingtheelectronicengravingmachine,accordingtothephotoelectricprinciple,theengravingknifeiscontrolledtoengravethemeshonthesurfaceofthedrum,andtheareaanddepthofthemesharechangedatthesametime.
Corrodedintaglio
Thecorrodedintaglioismadebyetchinginkpitsonthesurfaceoftheplatecylinderbychemicaletchingaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicsandtext.Accordingtothedifferentmethodsofmanuscriptimageandtextconversion,thecorrosionintagliocanbedividedintoetchingintaglio,photointaglio,anddotintaglio.
Theetchingintaglioismadebyaplate-makingmethodthatcombinesengravingandetching.Thatis,theshapeoftheoriginalimageandtextisfirsthand-carved,andthentheintaglioismadebytheetchingmethod.
Photogravureiswidelyused,andisthemostwidelyusedprintingplateingravureprinting,mainlyusedforprintingpictures.
Dotgravureismainlyusedforpackaginganddecorationprintingandbuildingmaterialsprinting.
Производствени фактори
Ръкописите
Ръкописите с гравюра са предимно непрекъснат камък.
Ink
Gravureprintinginkiscomposedofsolidresin,volatilesolvents,pigments,fillersandadditives.Itdoesnotcontainvegetableoil,andmostofitsdryingmethodsarevolatile.Gravureprintinginkscanbedividedintothreetypes:photocopyinggravureprintinginks;plasticgravureprintinginks;alcohol-solublegravureprintinginks.Theroleofthesolventintheinkis:dissolvingordispersingallsolidcomponentsintheink;wettingthesurfaceofthesubstratetobeprinted;adjustingthedryingspeedoftheink;adjustingtheconsistencyoftheinktomakeitsuitablefortheinkingrequirementsoftheprintingplate.
Theprintingplate
Asignificantdifferencebetweentheintaglioplateandotherplatesisthatthegraphicpartiscomposedofconcaveholeslowerthanthenon-graphicpart,andtheprintingplateismadeofmetalmaterials.Itisfinishedwithchromeandcopperplatedontheoutside.
Субстрат
Материалът за дълбок печат може да бъде много широк, но не се използва за печат на висококачествена хартия и пластмасов филм.
Печатаща машина
Машината за дълбок печат обикновено се състои от осем части, включително развиваща се част, водеща ролка, притискаща ролка, печатаща ролка, част за мастило, ножче, сушилня, приемаща обемна част, част от машината за дълбок печат включва също захранваща система, система за калибриране и електрическа система.
Productionprocess
Becauseofthehighdegreeofautomationoftheprintingmachineandthehighqualityofplatemaking,theprocessoperationofgravureprintingissimplerthanthatoflithographicprintingandeasytomaster.Theprocessflowisasfollows:
Предпечатна подготовка→Предпечатна→Правила за настройка→Официален печат→Постпечатна обработка
Предпечатна подготовка
Подготвителната работа за дълбок печат включва: подготовка за печат в съответствие с изискванията на конструктивния лист.Необходимо е смазване на печатната преса с материали, мастило, чистачка и др.
Plasticfilmisthemainsubstrateforgravureprinting.Commonlyusedplasticfilmsarepolyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinylchlorideandsoon.Becausetheplasticfilmhasasmoothsurfaceandpoorinkadhesion,thesurfaceofthefilmmustbetreatedbeforeprinting.Coronatreatmentisgenerallyused.Thismethodistopasstheplasticfilmthroughtwoelectrodes,andusehigh-frequencyoscillatingpulsestoforcetheairtoionizetoproduceadischargephenomenontoformacorona.Freeoxygenatomscombinewithoxygenmoleculestogenerateozoneandformthesurfaceofthefilm.Somestronggroupsand"burrs"thatareinvisibletothenakedeyewillincreasethesurfacetensionandroughnessofthefilm,whichisconducivetotheadhesionofinkandadhesive.
Дълбок печат, като се използва летливо мастило с разтворител, нисък вискозитет, добра течливост и силна адхезия. Често използваните разтворители са толуен, ксилол, бензин, алкохол и др. Добавете подходящо количество разтворител към мастилото преди печат и е най-добре да се филтрира преди употреба.
Themainfeatureofthegravureprintingmachineistheuseofasqueegeetoscrapeofftheinkintheblankpartoftheprintingplate.Thesqueegeeisaspecialsteelsheetwithawidthof60mmto80mmandalengthof1000mmto1500mm(dependingonthesizeoftheprintingplatecylinder).Thesqueegeeblademustbeinastraightline.Ifthereisa"smallcrescent"scar,awideobliquelinewillappearontheprintedsheet,thatis,thephenomenonofemptybarswilloccur.
Theprintingplateisthebasisofprinting,anditisdirectlyrelatedtotheprintingquality.Theprintingplateneedstobereviewedbeforetheprinting.Checkwhetherthedotsareneatandcomplete,whetherthechrome-platedprintingplatehasde-chromiumphenomenon,andthetextprintingplaterequirescompletelinesandnobrokenpensandlesslines.Theprintingplatecanbeinstalledontheprintingpressonlyafterdetailedinspection.
Upgrade
Duringtheoperationofprintingplate,payspecialattentiontoprotectthelayoutfrombeingscratched,alignthegrippingrulesandpush-pullrules,andalsoaligntheprintingplate.Thecylinderisfastenedontheprintingmachinetopreventtheplatecylinderfromlooseningduringformalprinting.
Правила за регулиране
След приключване на предпечатната подготовка, внимателно калибрирайте печатащата форма, проверете подаването на хартия, подаването на хартия, подаването на хартия и правилата за натискане и издърпване и направете подходящи настройки. Коригирайте налягането, регулирайте подаването на мастило и регулирайте чистачката.
Theadjustmentofthesqueegeeismainlytoadjustthedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheprintingplateandtheangleofthesqueegee,sothatthepressureofthesqueegeeonthelayoutisevenwithoutdamagingtheprintingplate.
Официален печат
По време на процеса на официален печат винаги трябва да проверявате дали точките са непокътнати, дали надпечатването е точно, дали мастилото е ярко, дали вискозитетът на мастилото и съхненето съответстват на скоростта на печат, тъй като ракелата не е равномерно остъргана, има белези, разрези ,счупени ръбове и др.върху отпечатания лист.
Theworksiteofgravureprintingshouldhavegoodventilationequipmenttoeliminateharmfulgases,andsolventrecoveryequipmentshouldbeused.Theelectricalappliancesontheprintingpressmusthaveexplosion-proofdevices,andtheymustbecheckedandrepairedfrequentlytoavoidfire.
Features
Theinkcarrieringravureprintingisthepitsengravedontheprintingplate.Theshapeofthepitsisexactlythesameastheoriginalimageandtext.Thereisnoinkonthesurfaceoftheprintingplate.Whentheprintingplateisincontactwiththesubstrate,theinkinthepitistransferredtothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprintingprocess.Therefore,gravureprintinghassomeuniquecharacteristicsthataredifferentfromotherprintingmethods,whicharediscussedseparatelybelow.
Anti-counterfeiting
Gravureprintingusespitscarvedaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicstocarryink.Thethicknessofthelinesandtheintensityoftheinkcanbearbitrarilycontrolledduringengraving,whichisnoteasytobeimitatedandForgery,especiallythedepthoftheinkpit,isveryunlikelytoberealisticallyengravedaccordingtotheprintedgraphics.Therefore,currentsecuritiessuchasbanknotes,stamps,stocks,etc.aregenerallyprintedwithgravure,whichhasagoodanti-counterfeitingeffect.Atpresent,somecompanies'trademarksandevenpackaginganddecorationhaveconsciouslyadoptedgravureprinting,whichshowsthatgravureprintingisamorevigorousanti-counterfeitingprintingmethod.
Широка гама
Общи меки материали могат да се използват като субстрати за дълбок печат. Като пластмаса, хартия, алуминиево фолио и т.н., особено за някои материали, които са лесни за разтягане и деформиране, като текстилни материали и т.н., имат по-добра адаптивност, която не е съпоставима с буквен печат и планографски печат.
Високо качество на печат
Дълбокият печат използва голямо количество щрихи, графиките и текстът са изпъкнали, а слоевете са богати, линиите са ясни и качеството е високо. По-голямата част от печата на книги, списания, списания, опаковки и декорации е дълбок печат.
Massprinting
Gravureprintinghasalongplate-makingcycle,highefficiencyandhighcost.Buttheprintingplateisdurable,soitissuitableformassprinting.Thelargerthebatch,thehigherthebenefit,andthelowerthebenefitforprintingwithsmallerbatches.Therefore,thegravuremethodisnotsuitablefortheprintingofsmallbatchesoftrademarks.
Digitalplatemaking
Accordingtothecurrentdomesticactualsituation,therearethreemethodsfordigitalplatemakingofgravure:electronicengravingmachinemethod,laserengravingandpost-corrosionprocessingmethod,andlaseralloyelectroplatingDirectablationmethod.
Метод на машина за електронно гравиране
Electronicengravingmachineisaprecisionmachinewithhighqualitystabilityapplyingmoderntechnologysuchasintegratedautomationcontrol.Allproductiondataofelectriccarvingiscollectedindigitalform,whichcanbeusedinsubsequentjobswithstrongreliability.Themanuscriptbecomesadigitalsignalfromthebeginningofbeingscannedandsenttothesoftwareforcolorseparationandthentransmittedtotheelectricengravingmachineorcolorproofingmachine,whichisverybeneficialtothestandardizationandstandardizationoftheproductionprocess,therebyensuringthequalityoftheprintedmatter.Moreover,theelectricengravingworkstationusesTIFFgraphicdatatotransfer,anditiseasilyintegratedandsettheworkingparameterconfigurationthroughtheHelioLightassemblyworkstation.Theengravingsoftwaregeneratestheelectro-engravingcurve,recordstheelectro-engravingparametersanddisplaystheengravingstatus,untiltheCDisburnedtosavethefile.(Convenientformultipleuseandrevision).
Theelectriccarvingcraftisrelativelymature,thecontrolissimple,andthelevelsarerestoredtolife.Thedisadvantageisthattheamountofinkappliedonthespotislimited,andtheinklayerhasinsufficienthidingpowerforsomeroughsubstrates;duetothepartitionbetweenthemechanicallyengravedmeshandthemesh,theedgeofthelinecomposedofthemeshisinevitablyjagged.,Whenprinting,smalltextisnotclearandeasytobreakorpaste.However,HaierofGermanyrecentlylaunchedXtremeengravingtechnology,whichcanreproducethemostsubtlepartsveryfinelyatascreencountofupto400lines/cm.Thefinetextcanindependentlyselecttherecordingresolutionwithoutrelyingonthenumberofengravingscreenlines.ThroughoptimizationTheinkflowsmoothesthecontoursandproducescontourlines.Itcannotonlyrealizeregularoutlets,butalsorealizeFMscreeningandcopying.
Процес на лазерно гравиране и последващо ецване
Laserengravingandpost-etchingprocessisanotheradvanceddigitalplatemakingmethodafterelectro-engraving.Itisacceptedthroughinterfacelikeelectro-engravingTheimagefileprocessedbycolorseparationissenttothelasermodulator.Thelaseractsontheprotectivelayerpre-coatedonthesurfaceofthedrumtoexposethecopperorironbottom,andthenformsonthedrumafterdifferentperiodsofcorrosion.Dotpitsofdifferentsizes.
Thelaserengravingprocessovercomestheweaknessofelectro-engravedtextandthinlines,hairyandweakhair,andhighlightsthecharacteristicsofhighinkcontent,thickcolor,clearwriting,anddurability.Itissimilartotraditionalphotogravureplatemaking.Italsohastheadvantagesofhighscreenaccuracy,arbitraryeditingofthenetworkshape,andnoseams.Itissuitableforprintingplateswithparticularlysmallbuthighdefinitionrequirementssuchascigaretteprintingandanti-counterfeitingprinting.Itiswidelyusedinhigh-precisionanti-counterfeitingprintingsuchascurrency,securities,andticketing,aswellashigh-endtobaccoandalcoholpackaging.Itisproducedonfineembossingrollersandrubbercoatingrollers.Therearemoreadvantagesintheprocess.
Thereisalsoasensitizerlasermethod,whichusesavioletlasertoexposeandrinsethephotosensitivelayerofthegraphicpart.Theotherprocessesarebasicallythesameasthelaserengravingmethod.
Laserdirectablationofelectroplatedalloyplatemakingmethod
Thewideapplicationoflaserablationtechnologyingravurewillberapidlypopularizedwiththedevelopmentoflasertechnology.Itdoesnotrequiremechanicaladjustmentandfine-tuning.Linesandtextareclearer,anditiseasiertocontrollevelsthancorrosion.Thelatestlaserengravingmachineonthemarketcurrentlyuseshigh-resolutionlasersforfineengravingdirectlyonthesurfaceofthecopperdrum.Thecontour,dotdistributionanddepthoftheengravedinformationcanbearbitrarilychanged,soastoachievetheoutputeffectthatonlylaserimagesetterscouldachievebefore.
Предимства и недостатъци
①Предимства: Той е около 90% изразителен и има богати цветове. Силна възпроизводимост на цветовете. Силна толерантност към страници. Броят на разпечатките е огромен.
②Недостатъци: таксата за изработване на плочи е скъпа, таксата за отпечатване също е толкова скъпа, работата по изработването на плочи е по-сложна и тъй като малък брой отпечатъци е неподходящ.
Обхват на приложение на дълбокия печат
Engravinggravureprinting,becauseofitsexquisitelinesandnoteasytocounterfeit,isusedintheprintingofsecurities,suchasbanknotes,stocks,giftcertificates,Stampsandcommercialcreditcertificatesorstationery,etc.Becauseofitshighcostofplatemakingandprinting,thereareveryfewusersofgeneralprintedmatter.Asforphotogravure,althoughitsplatemakingprocessismorecomplicatedanditscostismoreexpensive,itisnotsuitableforprintingasmallnumberofprints.Itisgenerallyusedinalargenumberofprintedmaterials,suchascolormagazinesandcurrentlypopularbuildingmaterialsprinting,etc.Bothareextremelysuitable.Becausegravureprintingadoptshigh-speedrotarytype,notonlythespeedisfast,buttheinkfilmismuchthickerthanthatofletterpressorlithography.
Control
Inadditiontobooks,newspapers,andmajorprintingpackaginganddecorationmaterials,gravureprintingshouldmeetthefollowingqualityrequirementsaccordingtothecharacteristicsofgravureprinting.
Монохромни гравюри, ярки, средни и тъмни тонове са добре дефинирани, координирани и деликатни. Изходите са ясни и завършени. Оформлението е равномерно и подредено.
Colorintaglioprinting:theimageisbright,mediumanddarktoneswithdistinctlevels,coordinationandfineness.Thecolorisnaturalandharmonious.Theoutletsareclear,complete,andtheangleisaccurate.Theimageoutlineisclear,andtheoverprintingtoleranceisallowed.
Appearanceofprintedmatter:Thelayoutisclean,uniform,withoutobviousstains.Thepositionoftheimageandtextisaccurate.Thecoloroftheprintingplateisbasicallythesame,thesizeerroroffineprintsisnotmorethan0.5mm,thegeneralprintsarenotmorethan1.0mm,andtheoverprinterrorofthefrontandbacksidesisnotmorethan1.0mm.
Контрол на качеството на печат
1.Автоматично устройство за печат на корици
Anautomaticoverprintingdeviceisinstalledonthewebgravureprintingmachine.Thedeviceiscomposedofscanninghead,pulsegenerator,electroniccontroller,regulatingmotor,overprintregulatingrollerandsoon.
Whentheoverprintmarkontheprintedsheetpassesthroughthescanninghead,thepulsesignalissenttotheelectroniccontroller.Iftheoverprintmarkofthesecondcoloriswrongbeforeorafterthemarkofthefirstcolor,thepulsetimewillbeUneven,sotheelectroniccontrollerstartstheadjustmentmotor,sothattheregisteradjustmentrollerbetweenthefirstcolorandthesecondcolorhasaslightmovementtoeliminatetheregistererror.
2.Електростатично устройство за абсорбиране на цинк
Gravureprintingmachinesaregenerallyequippedwithelectrostaticink-absorbingdevices.Thedeviceiscomposedofahigh-voltageadjustablegenerator,analuminumconductiveroller,aspecialimpressioncylinderwithconductivesurfaceandinsulatingbottomlayer,andaprotectionmechanismtoautomaticallycutoffstaticelectricityandovercurrentshort-circuitprotectionwhenthemachinestops.Theuseofstaticelectricitytoadsorbtheinkintheprintingplatecellstothesurfaceofthesubstratecanincreasetheinktransferratebyabout20%,especiallytomakethelevelofthebrightpartoftheprintedmatterrichlyreproduced.
Проблеми
Неизправностите при дълбок печат се причиняват главно от печатни плочи, мастила, субстрати, чистачки и др.
(1)Неравномерност на цвета на мастилото
Thephenomenonofperiodicinkcolorchangesonprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:correcttheroundnessoftheplatecylinder,adjusttheangleandpressureofthesqueegeeorreplacewithanewsqueegee.
(2)Отпечатъкът е размътен и пухкав
Theimageoftheprintedmatterishierarchicalandfuzzy,andburrsappearontheedgesoftheimageandtext.Eliminationmethodsinclude:removingstaticelectricityonthesurfaceofthesubstrate,addingapolarsolventtotheink,appropriatelyincreasingtheprintingpressure,andadjustingthepositionofthesqueegee.
(3)Блокиране
Thephenomenonthattheinkdriesupinthecellsoftheprintingplate,orthecellsoftheprintingplatearefilledwithpaperwoolorpaperpowder,iscalledblockage.Theeliminationmethodsare:increasethecontentofthesolventintheink,reducethedryingspeedoftheink,andprintonpaperwithhighsurfacestrength.
(4) Inkoverflow
Thephenomenonofspotsonthesolidpartoftheprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:addhardvarnishtoincreasetheviscosityoftheink.Adjusttheangleofthesqueegee,increasetheprintingspeed,replacethedeep-cellprintingplatewithashallow-cellprintingplate,etc.
(5) Драскотини
Therearetracesofsqueegeeontheprintedmatter.Theexclusionmethodsare:usecleaninkprintingwithnoforeignmattermixedin.Adjusttheviscosity,dryness,andadhesionoftheink.Useahigh-qualitysqueegeetoadjusttheanglebetweenthesqueegeeandtheprintingplate.
(6) Утаяване на пигменти
Thephenomenonthatthecolorontheprintedmatterbecomeslighter.Theexclusionmethodsare:printingwithinkswithgooddispersibilityandstableperformance.Addanti-cohesionandanti-precipitationadditivestotheink.Fullyrollandstirtheinkintheinktankfrequently.
(7) Мръсен
Thereisinkstainontheprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:chooseprintinginkwithfastvolatilizationspeed,increasethedryingtemperatureorappropriatelyreducetheprintingspeed.
(8)Проливане на мастило
Theadhesionoftheinkprintedontheplasticfilmispoor,anditisaphenomenoninwhichtheinkisrubbedoffbyhandormechanicalforce.Theeliminationmethodsare:preventtheplasticfilmfromgettingdamp,selectinkprintingwithgoodaffinityfortheplasticfilm,andresurfacetheplasticfilmtoincreasethesurfacetension.
Обхват на приложение
1. Ефектът срещу фалшифицирането на ръчно гравирания дълбок печат е по-добър
Thesecretthatanti-counterfeitingisamajoraspectofcommodityanti-counterfeiting,Andthisisimplementedbythetrademark,hand-engravedgravureprintingprovidesthenecessarymeansforit.Hand-engravedgravureprintingiseasytoimplementsecretanti-counterfeitingduringplatemaking.Thedepthofthepitsduringengravingdeterminestheintensityoftheprints.Theimitatorcaneasilyimitatethesizeoftheimageandthethicknessoftheline,butitisdifficulttoimitatetheintensity.Printsofthesamelevel(thatis,thesamedeepinkpit).Thisisthemainreasonwhygravuremustbeusedforsecuritiesforalongtime.
Thelesstheprintvolume,thebettertheanti-counterfeitingeffect.Duetothelongcycleandhighcostofhand-carvingintaglioplates,thepriceofprintedproductsishigherwhentheprintvolumeissmall.Themainpurposeofcounterfeitersistopursueeconomicbenefits.Theyareunwillingtotakeanyriskswhentheyareunprofitableorprofitable.Therefore,itcanbesaidthattheanti-counterfeitingeffectofgravureprintingforsmallbatchesoftrademarksmaybebetterthanthatoflargebatchesofgravureprinting.
2. Изработването и отпечатването на табели се извършват на две места
Theplate-makingandprintingindifferentplaceshaveagoodanti-counterfeitingeffect.Printinghousesgenerallyhavetheabilitytomakeplates,buttrademark-usingcompaniesshouldchooseadifferentunitforplatemakingwork,becauseoneofthekeytoanti-counterfeitingistoknowthelesspeoplethebetter.Theentireprocessoftrademarkdesignandprinting,sothatevenifthereareloopholesinonelink,otherlinksaresufficienttomeettheneedsofanti-counterfeiting.Whenthetrademarkisprintedintheprintingplant,thecompanymustsendresponsiblepersonneltothesitetosupervisetheprintingtopreventthetheftoftheprintingplateandthetheftofthetrademark.Afterprinting,theprintingplateshouldbetakenbackandstored.
3. Комбинирайте с технологията против фалшифициране на мастила
Inkanti-counterfeitingtechnologyisalsoanaspectofsecretanti-counterfeiting,combininggravureprintingtechnologywithinkanti-counterfeitingtechnology,Realizethedoublesecretanti-counterfeiting,theanti-counterfeitingeffectwillbebetter.Someprintinganti-counterfeitinginkshavelargerpigmentparticlesandrequireathickerinklayer,whilethegravureprintinginklayeristhickerandtheprintedproducthasastrongertexture.Thecombinationofthetwowillachievedoubleanti-counterfeitinganddecorationeffects.Ifgravureprintingusesfluorescentink,itnotonlyguaranteesthemicroconvexityofgravureprinting,butalsoguaranteestheuserequirementsoffluorescentink,andthesecretanti-counterfeitingfunctionsofbotharealsoguaranteed.Theinkshouldbepreparedbyitself,andthenhandedovertotheprintingcompanyforuse.Afterprinting,theinkshouldberecoveredandstored,sothatabetteranti-counterfeitingeffectcanbeobtained.
Developmenttrend
1.Largeandmedium-sizedpackaginggravureprintingcompanieswilloccupythemainstream,especiallycigarettepackagegravureprintingcompaniesthatarepursuingeconomiesofscale,highqualityandhightechnology.
2.Duetoenvironmentalprotectionandhygienereasons,industriessuchasfood,medicine,tobacco,andwinearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectionofpackagingmaterialsandprintingprocesses.Gravureprintingcompaniespaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentoftheprintingworkshop.Environmentally-friendlyinksandvarnisheswillbecomemoreandmorepopular,closedsqueegeesystemsandquick-changedeviceswillbepromotedandapplied,andgravureprintingmachinessuitableforwater-basedinkswillbewidelyadopted.
3.Theindependentdrivetechnologyofthegravureprintingmachineandtheelectronicshafttransmissionasthetechnologyplatformwillrealizethecomprehensiveupgradeofthegravureprintingmachine.Allkindsofgravureprintingmachineswilladoptelectronicshafttransmission.TheelectronicshaftdriveandregistersystemmainlycomefromJapanandEurope,buttheycanonlybeappliedtoasmallnumberofdomesticgravureprintingpresses.Thedevelopmentofadomesticoverprintsystemwillbethekeytoacomprehensiveupgradeofdomesticgravureprintingmachines.
4.Theratioofwide-formatgravurepressesandpapergravurepresseswillcontinuetoincrease.Ontheonehand,thedecorativeprinting(mainlywoodgrainpaperprinting)andcartongravureprintingmarketwillgrowrapidly.Ontheotherhand,therangeofflexiblepackaginggravureprintingmachineswillcontinuetoincrease,andthenumberoflargeformatgravureprintingmachineswillincreaserapidly.Paperandpaper-basedcompositegravureprintingmachines(woodgrainpapercigarettelabels,asepticpackaging,giftwrappingpaper,etc.)willgrowrapidly.
5.Theprocessingofthegravureproductionlinewillbemorediversified,andthefunctionconfigurationwillbecomestrongerandstronger,suchaspolishing,diecutting,crosscutting,softlabelcutting,etc.Correspondingly,gravureprintingmachinemanagementsystemsandremotetechnicalsupportsystemswillbemoreandmoreadopted.Atthesametime,inordertomeettheneedsofindividualization,allpartsfromunwinding,printing,in-lineprocessing,andwindingwillbemodularized,themostimportantofwhichwillbethegravurecartortheinterchangeofgravureandflexographicprinting.Smallcart.