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Апарат за хемодиализа



Основна композиция

Устройството за хемодиализа се състои главно от диализна машина, диализатор, диализна тръба, диализат, система за пречистване на вода и др. Сред тях диализните машини, диализаторите, диализната тръба и диализатът наистина са класифицирани като медицински устройства от клас III; системите за пречистване на вода са прекласифицирани като медицински устройства от клас II.

1.Апарат за диализа

Thedialysismachinecansmoothlyflowbloodanddialysatethroughthedialyzertoachievethepurposeoftreatment.Monitorandcontrolthedialysistreatmentprocesstomaintainthesafetyofthepatientduringthetreatmentprocess.Italsohasthefunctionsofpressuredetection,heparinperfusionandregulation.Thedialysismachinecanbedividedintothreepartsaccordingtoitsfunction:thedialysatesupplysystem,thebloodcirculationcontrolsystemandtheultrafiltrationcontrolsystem.

2.Диализатор

Thedialyzerisapipeandcontainerforsoluteexchangebetweenbloodanddialysate.Itismainlycomposedofasupportingstructureandadialysismembranetoreplacethekidney,asshowninthefigure.Show.Thedialysismembraneisthemainpartofthedialyzer,whichseparatesthebloodfromthedialysate.Currently,thecommonlyuseddialyzersarehollowfibertype,andtheflat-typeandtube-typedialyzersusedintheearlydayshavebeenbasicallyeliminated.

3. Диализа

Usedinconjunctionwiththedialysismachinetoformadisposablemedicaldeviceforextracorporealcirculationduringdialysistreatment.

4.Диализат

Thedialysateisatypeofsolutioncontainingavarietyofionicandnon-ionicsubstances.Thebasiccomponentsaremainlysodium,potassium,calcium,andmagnesiumfourcations,andChlorineandbasearetwoanions,andpartofthedialysatecontainsglucose.Dialysatecanremovemetabolicwasteandmaintainwater,electrolyteandacid-basebalance.Generally,concentratedsolutionAismainlycomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumchloride,potassiumchloride,calciumchloride,magnesiumchloride,andaceticacid;concentratedsolutionBiscomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumbicarbonateorsodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchloride.

5.Система за пречистване на вода

Tapwatercontainssuspendedsolids,colloids,variouschemicalsubstances,microorganismsandendotoxins.Ifitisnottreateddirectlyfordialysis,itwillcauseseriousclinicalconsequences.Thewatertreatmentsystemcanremovedissolvedsalts,organicmatter,silicacolloids,macromolecularsubstancesandparticulatematternotremovedbypretreatmentinthewater,sothatthewatercanbepurifiedtomeettherequirementsofdialysiswater.

Thewatertreatmentsystemincludeswaterpretreatmentsystem(sandfiltration,softening,activatedcarbonadsorptionandmicrofiltration),waterpurificationsystem(reverseosmosis,deionization),waterstorageandsupplysystem(watertank,Submicronfiltrationandpipelinetransportationsystem).

Workingprinciple

Thedialysisconcentrateanddialysiswaterarepreparedintoqualifieddialysatethroughthedialysatesupplysystem,andthenthebloodofthepatientdrawnfromthebloodmonitoringalarmsystemisprocessedthroughthehemodialysismachine.Solutedispersion,permeationandultrafiltration;thepatient’sbloodisreturnedtothepatient’sbodythroughthebloodmonitoringalarmsystem,andthedialysisliquidisdischargedfromthedialysatesupplysystemasawasteliquid;thecontinuouscycleisrepeatedtocompletetheentiredialysisprocesstoachieveThepurposeoftreatment,itsworkingprincipleisshowninthefigure.

Поддръжка

1.Отстранен прах

ItisnecessarytocheckandcleanthefilterregularlytopreventthefilterfromcloggingandcausingthecircuitboardtoactivatetheoverheatingprotectionduringtheoperationofthemachineorBurnout.Formachinesthathavebeenusedformanyyears,thecircuitboardshouldbedust-removed,orcontactthemanufacturertoreplacethecircuitboard.

2. Проверка и калибриране на свързани параметри

Becausetheclinicalhemodialysisdevicelastsforalongtimeandissusceptibletothermalandchemicalcorrosion,ifitisnotfoundandadjustedintimeThemachinewillreducethequalityofthepatient'shemodialysis,andevenendangerthepatient'slife.Therefore,theindicatorsshouldbecheckedandcalibratedontimeaccordingtothe"HemodialysisMachineCalibrationSpecification".

3.Смяна на филтър на машина

Undernormaltreatmentconditions,bacteriaandendotoxinfiltersaregenerallyreplacedonceevery90days.Iftherearemanypatientstreated,theworkingtimeofthemachineismorethan10hours/Daily,itisrecommendedtoreplaceitevery60days.

4. Ежедневна дезинфекция на машината

Themachineshouldbedisinfectedaftereachshiftofpatientstopreventtheoccurrenceofcross-infection.Performcitricacidthermaldecalcificationcleaningatleastonceaweektoremovecalciumandmagnesiumdepositsinthemachine;performsodiumhypochloritedisinfectioneveryhalfamonthoramonth(dependingontheactualsituationofthehospital)toremoveorganicmatteraccumulatedinthemachine.

Riskmonitoringduringuse

Inordertopreventtherecurrenceofinjuryincidentscausedbyadverseevents,theStateFoodandDrugAdministrationremindsmedicalstaffanduserstostrengthensafeusetrainingandtreatmentforpatientsPropagandaandeducation,operateinstrictaccordancewiththeregulations,andregularlymaintaintheequipment.Whenperforminghemodialysistreatment,medicalstaffshouldreasonablyweighthebenefitsandrisksofhemodialysisforthepatient,fullyunderstandthepatient'sphysicalfitness,pastmedicalhistory,etc.,strictlygrasptheindications,andstrengthenmonitoringduringtreatment.Patientsshouldstrengthentheirawarenessofself-protection,activelycooperatewithmedicalstaffintreatment,andshouldpromptlyreportandseekmedicaltreatmentiftheyexperiencediscomfortduringoraftertreatment.

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