Оптичен кабел

Historicalevolution

In1976,theBellInstituteoftheUnitedStatesbuiltthefirstopticalfibercommunicationexperimentalsysteminAtlanta,usinganopticalcablecontaining144opticalfibersmanufacturedbyWesternElectric.In1980,commercialopticalcablesmadeofmultimodeopticalfibersbegantobeusedoninter-officetrunklinesandafewlong-distancelinesinthecity.Commercialopticalcablesmadeofsingle-modeopticalfibersbegantobeusedonlong-distancelinesin1983.In1988,thefirsttrans-AtlanticsubmarinecableconnectingtheUnitedStatesandBritainandFrancewassuccessfullylaid,andsoonthefirsttrans-Pacificsubmarinecablewasbuilt.Chinadevelopeditsowncommunicationopticalcablein1978,whichusedmulti-modeopticalfiberwithastrandedcorestructure.FieldtestshavebeencarriedoutsuccessivelyinShanghai,Beijing,Wuhanandotherplaces.Soonafter,itwastriedoutasaninter-officetrunkinthelocaltelephonenetwork.After1984,itwasgraduallyusedforlong-distancelines,andsingle-modefiberwasadopted.Communicationopticalcableshavegreatertransmissioncapacitythancoppercables,withlongrelaysections,smallsize,lightweight,andnoelectromagneticinterference.Since1976,theyhavedevelopedlong-distancetrunklines,intra-cityrelays,offshoreandtransoceanicsubmarinecommunications.,Aswellasthebackboneofwiredtransmissionlinessuchaslocalareanetworksandprivatenetworks,andbegantodevelopintothefieldofuserloopdistributionnetworksinthecity,providingtransmissionlinesforfiber-to-the-homeandbroadbandintegratedservicedigitalnetworks.

Основна структура

Оптичният кабел се състои от кабелна сърцевина, подсилена стоманена тел, пълнител и обвивка. Освен това има водоустойчив слой, буферен слой, изолиран метален проводник и др., като задължителен член.

Оптичният кабел се състои от три части: укрепваща сърцевина, кабелна сърцевина, обшивка и външна обвивка. Структурата на сърцевината на кабела има два типа: едножилен тип и многожилен тип: едножилен тип има два типа: основен тип и тръбен пакет; многожилен тип има два типа: лента и тип единица. dandnon-брониран.

Основно разбиране

Основно разбиране е въведено чрез полагане, тип, конструкция, предпазни мерки и ограничение на оптичното влакно. Конкретното съдържание е следното:

一,Laying

1.Общи разпоредби

1.1Thebendingradiusoftheopticalcableshouldnotbelessthan15timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable,anditshouldnotbelessthan20timesduringtheconstructionprocess.

1.2Thetractionforceoflayingouttheopticalcableshouldnotexceed80%oftheallowabletensionoftheopticalcable.Theinstantaneousmaximumtractionforceshallnotexceed100%oftheallowabletensionoftheopticalcable.Themaintractionshouldbeaddedtothestrengthmember(core)oftheopticalcable.

1.3Thetractionendoftheopticalcablecanbeprefabricatedormadeonsite.Directlyburiedorunderwaterarmoredopticalcablecanbeusedasanetsleeveortractionend.

1.4Inordertopreventtwistinganddamagetotheopticalcableduringthetowingprocess,aswivelshouldbeaddedbetweenthetowingendandthetowingrope.

1.5Whenlayingouttheopticalcable,theopticalcablemustbereleasedfromthetopofthecablereelandmaintainaslackarc.Thereshouldbenotwistingduringthelayingoftheopticalcable,anditisstrictlyforbiddentomakesmallloopsandsurges.

1.6Whenmechanicaltractionisusedforfiberopticcablelaying,centralizedtraction,intermediateauxiliarytractionordecentralizedtractionshouldbeselectedaccordingtofactorssuchastractionlength,terrainconditions,andtractiontension.

1.7Thetractorusedformechanicaltractionshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Диапазонът на регулиране на скоростта на сцепление трябва да бъде 0-20m/min, а методът за регулиране на главата трябва да бъде безстепенно регулиране на скоростта;

2)Thetractiontensioncanbeadjusted,andithasanautomaticstopfunction,thatis,whenthetractionforceexceedsthespecifiedvalue,itcanautomaticallysendanalarmandstopthetraction.

1.8Layingoutopticalcablesmustbecloselyorganizedanddirectedbyadedicatedperson.Thereshouldbegoodcommunicationmeansduringthetowingprocess.Itisforbiddenforuntrainedpersonneltogotoworkandworkwithoutcontacttools.

1.9Aftertheopticalcableislaidout,checkwhethertheopticalfiberisingoodcondition.Theendoftheopticalcableshallbesealedandmoisture-proof,andshallnotbeimmersedinwater.

2.Дукотоптичен кабел

2.1Thefollowingpreparationsshouldbemadebeforelayingtheductopticalcable

1)Checkthepositionofthepipeholeoccupiedbytheopticalcableaccordingtothedesign;

2)Thepositionoftheholesselectedonthesamerouteshouldnotbechanged.Forexample,whenchangingorturning,theyshouldmeettherequirementsofthebendingradiusoftheopticalcable;

3)Използваните дупки трябва да бъдат почистени.

2.2Eachentryholeshouldbeguardedwhenmanuallylayingtheopticalcable;whenturningtheentryholewhenmechanicallylayingtheopticalcable,thereshouldbesomeoneonduty.

2.3Whentheopticalcablepenetratesintothepipeholeorthepipeisbentorcrossed,aguidingdeviceorabellmouthprotectionpipeshallbeused,andtheouterprotectivelayeroftheopticalcableshallnotbedamaged.Aneutrallubricantcanbeappliedaroundthefiberopticcableasrequired.

2.4Thelengthofopticalfibercableisgenerallynotmorethan1000metersatatime.Whenthelengthistoolong,itshouldadopt8-charactersegmenttractionoraddauxiliarytractioninthemiddle.

2.5Afterthefiberopticcableislaidout,adedicatedpersonshallbeinchargeofuniformlyplacingthefiberopticcableontheprescribedpalletonebyoneintotheholes,andapropermarginshouldbelefttoavoidthefiberopticcablefrombeingtootight.

2.6Thereservedlengthoftheopticalcableattheentryholewheretheconnectorislocatedshouldmeettherequirementsinthetable;theopticalcablewithaspecialdesignrequirementistootight.

2.7Theprotectionmeasuresofthepipelineopticalcableshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Theopticalcableintheholecanbeprotectedbyaserpentinehose(orsoftplastictube)andtiedtothecabletrayOntheboardoraccordingtothemeasuresrequiredbythedesign;

2)Дюзата трябва да бъде блокирана;

3)Оптичният кабел в дупките трябва да има идентификационни знаци;

4)Inseverecoldareas,anti-freezingmeasuresshouldbetakenaccordingtodesignrequirementstopreventdamagetoopticalcables.

2.8Thelayingmethodofplasticsub-pipesisbasicallythesameasthelayingofopticalcables,andshouldalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:

1) При полагане на още две подтръби без цветен код трябва да се правят маркировки в края;

2)Температурата на околната среда за полагане на пластмасови подтръби трябва да бъде между -5 ℃ и +35 ℃;

3)Непрекъснато полагане на пластмасаДължината на подтръбата не трябва да надвишава 300 метра;

4)Themaximumpullingforceofthesub-pipeshouldnotexceedthetensilestrengthofthepipe,andthepullingspeedshouldbeuniform;

5)Theexcesslengthofthepipeintheinletholeshouldmeetthedesignrequirements;

6)Пластмасовата тапа за тръба (могат да се използват и други методи) трябва да се монтира в отвора на пластмасовата подтръба, за да се фиксира подтръбата;

7)Подтръбите не трябва да имат съединения в средата на тръбопровода;

8)След като се оформят подтръбите, дюзите трябва да бъдат временно блокирани; подтръбите, които не се използват в проекта, трябва да бъдат деблокирани (капачка).

3.Директно заровен оптичен кабел

3.1 Вкопаната дълбочина на оптичния кабел трябва да отговаря на изискванията на Таблица 3.1.

Секция за полагане или качество на почвата

Заровена дълбочина (m)

Забележки:

Обикновена почва (твърда почва)≥1,2

Полулитичен (чакъл, изветрял камък)≥1,0

Allstone≥0,8

Calculatedfromthetopofthetrenchbottomwith10cmoffinesoil.

Пивен пясък≥0,8

Предградия, села и градове≥1.2

Градски тротоари≥1.0

Пресичане на железопътни линии, магистрали≥1.2

Разстояние от баластадодолната повърхност на пътя

Ров, канал, езерце≥1,2

Дренажна канавка (широчина на канавката в рамките на 1 метър)≥0,8

3.2Thedistancebetweenthedirectlyburiedopticalcableandotherbuildingsandundergroundpipelinesshallmeetthespecifiedrequirements.

3.3Opticalcableslaidinthesametrenchshouldnotbecrossedoroverlapped,andshouldbehauledseparatelyandlaidoutatthesametime.

3.4Thelayingofdirectlyburiedopticalcablesshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thedepthoftheopticalcabletrenchshouldmeettherequirements,andthebottomofthetrenchshouldbeflatandfreeofgravel;stone,semi-lithictrenchbottom10cmthickfinesoilorsandshouldbelaid;

2) При механично теглене трябва да се използват заземяващи ролки;

3)Whenmanuallylifting,theopticalcableshouldnothaveacurvaturelessthanthespecifiedcurvatureRadiusbends,moppingoftheground,andexcessivetraction;

4)Оптичният кабел трябва да бъде положен хоризонтално на дъното на изкопа и не трябва да се освобождава или извива;

5)Theopticalcablemustbelaidonaslopegreaterthan20°,whentheslopelengthisgreaterthan30metersontheslope,itisadvisabletoadoptthe"S"shapelayingorthemeasuresrequiredbythedesign;

6)Duringorafterlaying,theopticalcableshouldbecheckedintimeIftheouterskinisdamaged,itshouldberepairedimmediately;afterlayingthedirectlyburiedopticalcable,checktheinsulationresistanceoftheopticalcablesheathtotheground.

7)Theopticalfibersandcopperwiresintheopticalcablemustbeinspectedandconfirmedtomeetthequalityacceptancestandardsbeforetheycanbereturnedtothesoil.

3.5Thebackfilloftheopticalcabletrenchshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Първо засипете 15 см дебела натрошена почва или фина почва и това е строго забранено с камъни, тухли, замръзнала почва и т.н. В канавката трябва да се нивелира ръчно;

2) Запълването трябва да е 10 cm над земята.

3.6Protectivemeasuresforburiedopticalcablesshallbedesignedaccordingtothedesignregulationsandmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Whenopticalcablelinescrossrailwaysandhighwayswithoutexcavation,thepipejackingmethodshallbeadopted.Thepipejackingshouldbekeptstraightandthesteelpipespecificationsandpositionshouldmeetthedesignrequirements.Thepositionwherethesoilisallowedtobreakcanbeprotectedbyburiedpipes,andthenozzleshouldbeblockedwhenthepipeisjackedorburied.

2)Whenopticalcablelinespassthroughmechanicalfarmingroads,ruralavenues,urbanareas,residentialareasoreasilymovablelandsections,theyshouldbeconstructedinaccordancewiththeprotectionmethodsrequiredbythedesign.Whenlayingredbricksontopoftheopticalcables,coverwith20cmthicksoilbeforelayingredbricksvertically.Forlayingtwoopticalcablesinthesametrench,redbricksshouldbelaidhorizontally.

3)Whentheopticalcablelinepassesthroughtheditch,canalorpondwithdredginganddredgingforfertilizer,thetopoftheopticalcableshouldbecoveredwithcementboardorcementsandbagforprotection.

4)Slopeprotectionshouldbeusedwhentheopticalcablepassesthroughtheditchandterraceof0.8metersormore(including0.8meters),andtheslopeprotectionmethodshouldbeinaccordancewiththedesignrequirements.Whencrossingditchandridgebelow0.8meters,exceptforspecialdesignrequirements,slopeprotectionisgenerallynotused,butitmustbetampedandrestoredinlayers.

5)Thefiberopticcablelinepassingthroughthetermiteactivityareashouldbetreatedwithanti-termitesinaccordancewiththeregulations.

6)Lightningprotectionmeasuresforopticalcablelinesmustbedealtwithinaccordancewithdesignregulations.Whenusinglightningprotectiondrainagelines,singleordoubledrainagelinesshouldbelaid30cmabovetheopticalcable;whentheopticalcableisdugoutforre-layingafterbackfilling,itisnecessarytostrictlycheckwhetherthedrainagelineisabovetheopticalcable.Reversalphenomenonisstrictlyprohibited.

7)Thelayingofthemarkingtapeinthespecialareashallmeetthedesignrequirements.

3.7Thereservedopticalcableatthejointpointshouldbeproperlyplacedinthejointpit,andtheendmustbesealedandmoisture-prooftopreventtheopticalcablefrombeingimmersedinwaterorartificiallydamaged.

3.8Theburyingofopticalcablelinemarkersshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Opticalcablejoints,opticalcableturningpoints,drainlinestartandendpoints,startandendpointsofopticalcableslaidinthesametrench,opticalcablesSpecialreservedpoints,crossingpointswithothercables,crossingobstacles,andstraightsectionsofurbanareasshallbesetatintervalsof200meters,suburbanareasandlongdistancesatintervalsof250meters.

2)Thejointpointsthatneedtomonitortheinsulationandpotentialofthemetalsheathintheopticalcableshouldbesetwithmonitoringmarkers.

3) Когато има знак, който може да се използва, може да се използва фиксиран знак вместо камъка.

4)Theburieddepthofthemarkerstoneis60cmand40cmisunearthed.Thesoilaroundthemarkerstoneshouldbecompacted.

5)Ordinarymarkersshouldbeburieddirectlyabovetheopticalcable.Themarkingstoneatthejointshouldbeburiedintherouteoftheopticalcableline,andthesidewiththemarkingstoneshouldfacetheopticalcablejoint.Themarkingstoneattheturningpointshouldbeburiedattheintersectionoftheopticalcableline,andthemarkingstoneshallfacethesidewiththesmallerangleoftheopticalcable.Whenthedistancebetweentheopticalcableslaidalongthehighwayisnotmorethan100meters,themarkerscanfacethehighway.

6) Маркиращите камъни са изработени от твърд камък или подсилен бетон и има две спецификации: къси маркировъчни камъни се използват в общите зони и размерът трябва да бъде 100×14×14 cm; меките почви и наклонените зони използват дълги маркировъчни камъни, Спецификацията е 150×14×14 cm.

7)Thenumberofthemarkerstonesisred(orblack)lacqueredblocklettersonawhitebackground,thefontiscorrect,andthesurfaceistidy.ThenumbershouldbearrangedfromendAtoendBaccordingtothedirectionoftransmission.Generally,ahopisanindependentnumberingunit.

4. Подводен оптичен кабел

4.1Thelayingmethodofunderwateropticalcableshouldbebasedonthesoilqualityoftheriverbed,thewidthoftheriver,thewaterdepth,theflowvelocityandthesiteconditions.Differentmethodssuchasflushpumpgrooving,anchordroppingslowrelease,tugfastrelease,manualplacement,etc.,nomatterwhatconstructionmethodisused,shouldmeetthedesignrequirements.

4.2Theburieddepthoftheunderwateropticalcableshouldbebasedonthespecificconditionsoftheriver'swaterdepth,navigation,andriverbedsoilquality,asspecifiedinthedesigndocuments,andshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)InsufficientwaterdepthSectionof8meters(referringtothedryseason):whentheriverbedisunstableorthesoilissoft,theburieddepthshouldbenolessthan1.5meters;whentheriverbedisstableorthesoilishard,theburieddepthshouldbenolessthan1.2meters;thestoneandsemi-lithicriverbed,Theburialdepthshouldnotbelessthan0.5meters;

2)Sectionswithawaterdepthofmorethan8meters:Generally,theopticalcablecanbeplaceddirectlyatthebottomoftheriverwithoutburial,andspecialsectionsshallbetreatedaccordingtotherequirementsofthedesigndocuments.

4.3Thelayingofunderwateropticalcablesshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thelayingspeedandspecifiedpositionoftheopticalcableshallbecontrolled;

2)Duringthelayingprocess,theopticalcableshallnotbeDonotmakesmallcircleswhentheriverbedisvacated;

3)Duringandafterthelaying,theopticalfibershouldbemonitoredforgoodquality,andanyproblemsshouldbedealtwithintimetoensurethelayingqualityoftheunderwateropticalcable;

4)Thelayinglengthshouldbeaccordingtothelengthoftheopticalcabledeterminedduringthere-measurementoftheroute.Generally,theunderwateropticalcableshouldextend50metersbeyondtheembankmentorthebank;5)Whenthedesignstipulatesthattheopticalcableislaidinanarcatthebottomoftheriver,Thebaselineduringthemeasurementshouldbeusedasthebenchmark,andthearclayingshouldbedoneupstream.

4.4Theburieddepthandprotectionofthebeachshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Theburieddepthofthebeachshouldnotbelessthan1.5meters.Forrockyandsemi-lithicareas,fillthebottomofthetrenchwith10-20cmoffinesoilorsand,andbackfillthetopoftheopticalcablewithcrushedsoilorsand,andthenfillitupabovethegroundaftertamping.Forbeachesthatarescouredbyfloods,unstableareasandshipsdockingareas,afterfillingthetopofthefiberopticcablewithcrushedsoilorsand,itshouldbecoveredwithcementboardorcementsandbagsforprotection.

2)Thebankslopeshouldbelessthan30degrees,andwhenitexceeds,reinforcementmeasuresshouldbetakenaccordingtothedesignrequirements.

4.5Fornavigableriverswhereunderwateropticalcablesarelaid,areaswhereanchoringisprohibitedshallbedelineatedaccordingtothedesignrequirements,andwaterlinesignsshallbesetupontheembankmentsorbanksoftherivercrossingsections,andshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thewaterlinesignsshouldbesingle-poleordouble-polesignsaccordingtothedesignrequirementsorthesizeoftheriver,andshouldbeinstalledinthedesignatedpositionbeforethewaterlineislaid;

2)Thewaterlinesignshouldbeinstalledinaplacewithhighterrainandnoobstruction,andthefrontofthesignshouldbeatanangleof250-300totheupstreamordownstreamdirection;

3)ThewaterlinesignWhenitisinstalledinasoftsoilareaortheburieddepthisnotuptothestipulation,acableshouldbeadded,andachassis,achuckandotherreinforcementmeasuresshouldbeaddedtotherootofthecementpole.

5.Аерооптичен кабел

5.1Thesagofaerialopticalcableshouldbedeterminedwithgreatcare.Itisnecessarytoconsiderthattheelongationrateoftheopticalcablewhenitissubjectedtothemaximumloadduringandafterinstallationshouldbelessthan0.2%.Intheproject,thesagoftheaerialopticalcableshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothecablestructureandthewayofhanging,andtheelongationoftheopticalcableshouldbecalculated,sothattheselectedsagoftheopticalcablecanensurethattheelongationoftheopticalcabledoesnotexceedthespecifiedvalue.

5.2Thelayingofaerialopticalcablesshouldbepulledbypulleys,andexcessivebendingisnotallowedduringthelayingprocess.

5.3Окачените над главата оптични кабели трябва да се пазят на всеки полюс за разполагане в зона със средно натоварване, зона с голямо натоварване и зона с претоварване.

5.4Thehangingtypeaerialopticalcableshouldbeadjusteduniformlyafterlaying,andthehookingprogramcanbeselectedaccordingtotheouterdiameteroftheopticalcablewithreferencetoTable5.4.Thehangingdistanceoftheopticalcablehookis50cm,andtheallowabledeviationshouldnotexceed±3cm.Thebuckledirectionofthehookonthehangingwireshouldbethesame,andthehookpalletshouldbecomplete.

Таблица за избор на програма за прикачване 5.4

Външен диаметър на програмния кабел за закачане (mm)

6532 или повече

5525～32

4519～24

3513～18

2512 и по-долу

5.5HangingoverheadopticalcableinstallationWaysandrequirements.

5.6Theanti-strongcurrentandlightningprotectionmeasuresoftheaerialopticalcableshallmeetthedesignrequirements.Whenthehangingoverheadopticalcablecrossesthepowerline,thesteelstrandshouldbeinsulatedwithhoseorbamboo.Thecontactpartoftheopticalcablewiththetreeshouldbeprotectedbyarubbertubeoraserpentinetube.

6.Вътрешноофисен оптичен кабел

6.1Intra-officeopticalcableisgenerallyledtotheopticaltransceiverfromtheentranceholeinthefrontoftheofficethroughtheundergroundentranceroom.Duetothecomplexityofrouting,manualdeploymentshouldbeused.Whenlayingdownthecorridorsandateachcorner,adedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtotractionaccordingtoaunifiedcommand.Keeptheopticalcableinaslackstateduringthetraction,anditisstrictlyforbiddentomakesmallcirclesanddeadbends.

6.2 Вътрешноофисните оптични кабели трябва да бъдат маркирани за идентификация.

6.3Theopticalcableshouldchooseasafelocationintheincomingroom,andwhenitisinalocationvulnerabletoexternaldamage,protectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.

6.4Theopticalcableshouldbeboundthroughthecablerackandtheturningpoints(frontandrear).Thebindingpartsoftheupperandlowerwalkwaysorclimbingwallsshouldbelinedwithrubberhosestoavoidlateralpressureontheopticalcables.

6.5Theopticalcablereservedontheterminalsideaccordingtotheregulationscanbeleftintheopticalterminalroomorcableentryroom.Theopticalcablesreservedforspecialrequirementsshouldbereservedaccordingtothedesignrequirements.

7.Производство на оптичен кабел

Themanufacturingprocessofopticalcableisgenerallydividedintothefollowingprocesses:

1.Screeningofopticalfiber:selectexcellenttransmissioncharacteristicsandqualifiedtensionOpticalfiber.

2.Dyeingofopticalfiber:Usestandardfullchromatogramtomark,anditisrequiredthathightemperaturedoesnotfadeormigrate.

3.Secondaryextrusion:selecthighelasticmodulus,lowlinearexpansioncoefficientplastictoextrudeintoatubeofacertainsize,puttheopticalfiberintoandfillitwithmoisture-proofandwaterproofgel,andstoreitforafewdays(Notlessthantwodays).

4.Навиване на оптични кабели: навиване на няколко екструдирани оптични влакна с укрепващо звено.

5.Стиснете външната обвивка на оптичния кабел: добавете слой обвивка към многожилния оптичен кабел.

Второ, тип

1.Accordingtodifferenttransmissionperformance,distanceandpurpose,opticalcablescanbedividedintouseropticalcables,localtelephoneopticalcables,long-distanceopticalcablesandsubmarinecables.Opticalcable.

2.Accordingtothedifferenttypesofopticalfibersusedinopticalcables,opticalcablescanbedividedintosingle-modeopticalcablesandmulti-modeopticalcables.

3.Accordingtothenumberoffibercoresinthefiberopticcable,thefiberopticcablecanbedividedintosingle-corefiberopticcable,dual-corefiberopticcableandsoon.

4.Accordingtothedifferentreinforcementconfigurationmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintocentralstrengtheningmemberopticalcables,dispersedstrengtheningmemberopticalcables,sheathstrengtheningmemberopticalcablesandintegratedoutersheathopticalcables.

5.Accordingtodifferenttransmissionconductorsandmediumconditions,opticalcablescanbedividedintometal-freeopticalcables,ordinaryopticalcables,andintegratedopticalcables(mainlyusedforrailwaydedicatednetworkcommunicationlines).

6.Accordingtodifferentlayingmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintopipelineopticalcables,directlyburiedopticalcables,overheadopticalcablesandunderwateropticalcables.

7.Accordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintoflatstructureopticalcables,strandedopticalcables,skeletonopticalcables,armoredopticalcablesandhigh-densityuseropticalcables.

Три. Строителство

Overtheyears,wehavedevelopedasetofmaturemethodsandexperienceintheconstructionofopticalcables.

Използване на инструмент за оптичен кабел:

1 Клещи за отстраняване на влакна с двоен порт, 1 покритие от оптични влакна/плътна обшивка

2Installationof1setofcombinationsocketwrenchOpticalcableconnectionbox/terminalbox

32mtapemeasure,1piecetomeasurethelengthofthestrippedopticalcable

4Utilityknife,1pieceofauxiliarytoolforstrippingtheopticalcable

5Змийски клещи1 отрязаха подсилващата сърцевина на оптичния кабел

6 хоризонтални резачки за кабели, 1 вертикален хоризонтален кабел за оголване

7 пинсети, 1 навито влакно

8 ножици, 1 нож за оптично влакно

9vise1отрежете стоманената тел в оптичния кабел

10 иглоклещи1 спомагателен инструмент за снаждане

11 миниотвертка2 закрепващи винтове Използвайте

1 комплект от 12 шестостенни гаечни ключове за инсталиране на шест винта

13 Регулируем гаечен ключ, 1 спомагателен инструмент за свързване

14Combinationscrewdriver,2installationandremovalofopticalcableconnectionBox

15 бутилки с помпа за алкохол, 1 почистващи влакна

16 маркерна писалка, 1 номер на влакно за маркиране

17 фенерче1 за нощно строително осветление

18 Диагонални клещи и 1 спомагателен строителен инструмент

(1)Външна конструкция на оптичен кабел

Themostimportantthingforthelayingoflongerdistanceopticalcableistochooseasuitablepath.Hereisnotnecessarilytheshortestpathisthebest,butalsopayattentiontotherighttousetheland,thepossibilityoferectionorburial,etc.

Whentheopticalcableturns,itsturningradiusmustbegreaterthan20timesthediameteroftheopticalcableitself.

1. Конструкция на оптичен кабел на открито:

A.Suspendedwiresupportisusedtohangoverhead.Thismethodissimpleandcheap.Itisthemostwidelyusedinmycountry,butittakestimetoaddhooksandarrangethem.

B.Hangingwirewindingoverheadmethod,thismethodismorestableandrequireslessmaintenance.Butaspecialwrappingmachineisrequired.

C. Самоносещ надземен метод, който има високи изисквания за стълбове, е труден за конструиране и поддръжка и има висока цена. Рядко се използва в Китай.

D.Whenoverhead,aguidedevicemustbeinstalledatthepolewherethefiberopticcableisledtoavoiddraggingthegroundbythefiberopticcable.Payattentiontoreducingthefrictionwhentheopticalcableistowed.Alengthoffiberopticcablefortelescopingshouldbeleftoneachpole.

E.Payattentiontothereliablegroundingofmetalobjectsintheopticalcable.Especiallyinmountainousareas,high-voltagepowergridareasandareaswithheavythunderstorms,therearegenerally3groundingpointsperkilometer,andnon-metallicopticalcablesareevenused.

2.Конструкция на външен тръбопровод с оптичен кабел

A.Преди изграждането проверете заетостта на тръбопровода, почистете и поставете пластмасовите подтръби и поставете едновременно тръбопровода.

Б. Изчислете дължината на разгръщане и трябва да има достатъчно запазена дължина. Вижте таблицата по-долу за подробности:

В дупката

C.Не разгръщайте твърде дълго време (обикновено 2KM). При окабеляване започнете от средата към двете страни.

D.Cabletractionisgenerallynotmorethan120kg,andthereinforcedcorepartoftheopticalcableshouldbehauled,andtheheadoftheopticalcableshouldbewaterproofandstrengthened.

E.Входните и изходните точки на оптичния кабел трябва да бъдат оборудвани с устройство за съвместно определяне и земята не може да бъде директно почиствана.

D. Каналните кабели също трябва да бъдат заземени надеждно.

3.Директно полагане на оптичен кабел

A.Directlyburiedopticalcabletrenchdepthshouldbeexcavatedaccordingtothestandard,thestandardisshowninthefollowingtable:

B.Не могат да се копаят окопи Места, където тръбопроводите могат да бъдат положени над главата или пробити и задълбочени.

C.Дъното на изкопа трябва да е гладко и твърдо и освен пясък, цимент или подпора може да бъде предварително запълнен, когато е необходимо.

D.Manualormechanicaltractioncanbeusedwhenlaying,butattentionshouldbepaidtoguidanceandlubrication.

E.След като полагането е завършено, почвата трябва да бъде покрита и уплътнена, колкото е възможно по-скоро.

4.Полагане на оптични кабели в сгради

A.Whenlayingvertically,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheload-bearingproblemofopticalcables.Generally,theopticalcablesshouldbefixedonceeverytwolayers.

B.Whentheopticalcablepassesthroughthewallorthefloor,aprotectiveplasticpipewithaprotectivemouthshouldbeadded,andthepipeshouldbefilledwithflame-retardantfiller.

C.Acertainamountofplasticpipescanalsobelaidinthebuildinginadvance,andwhentheopticalcableistobelaidinthefuture,theopticalcablecanbelaidoutbytractionorvacuum.

Четири предпазни мерки

1.Aftertheuserreceivestheopticalcable,checktheopticalcablecertificateandtheopticaldataprovidedwiththeopticalcable,andchecktheopticalcablereelnumber,model,Thenumberofcoresandlength,etc.,andchecktheouterpackagingfornobreakageloss.

2.Whentheopticalcableislaidout,atractionropemustbeusedtoconnectwiththeopticalcablereinforcement,andbefixedwithanetsleeveortapetothesheath.Ifitisapipelineopticalcable,aspecialrotatingtractionheadmustbeaddedbetweenthetractionropeandtheopticalcablereinforcement,anditisnotallowedtopulltheoutersheathoftheopticalcabledirectly.

3.Forthedeploymentofopticalcableswithalengthofmorethan2KM,itisnotallowedtoputtheopticalcablefromthebeginningtotheendatonetime.Itisnecessarytoplacetheopticalcableinthemiddleofthelotandplaceitinaninvertedfigure-eightshapeatbothends.

4.Whenunloadingthefiberopticcablefromthecar,itisbesttouseaforkliftorcranehoisttogentlyplacethefiberopticcablefromthecarontheground

5.UnloadthefiberopticcablefromthecarinfieldconstructionoccasionsItisadvisabletouseastraightboardtobeplacedbetweenthecarplatformandthegroundtoforma45-degreeslope.Usearopetopassthroughthemiddleholeoftheopticalcable.Whenapersonpullsbothendsoftheropeonthecar,theopticalcableslidesdowntheslopeofthewoodenboard.Whenunloadingopticalcables,stackthemcarefullyandlaythemflat.Itisstrictlyforbiddentodroptheopticalcablesdirectlyfromahighplace,andplacetheopticalcableswithstrongimpacttocausedamage.

6.Whentheopticalcableneedstoberolled,itshouldberolledinthedirectionoftherotationarrowmarkedonthecablereel,butlong-distancerollingisnotallowed.

7.Itisnecessarytocarryoutsingle-discinspectionoftheopticalcablebeforeconstruction,suchasthequalityoftheoutersheathandtheattenuationindex.

8.Themaximumtensileforcewhenlayingapipelineoroverheadopticalcabledoesnotexceed1500N,andthemaximumtensileforcewhenlayingdirectlyburiedopticalcabledoesnotexceed3000N.

9.Whentheopticalcableisconstructedandpositioned,itmustnotbebentorforma90-degreeright-anglebend;fordynamicbending(suchasduringconstruction),thebendingradiusofthepipeandoverheadopticalcableshouldbegreaterthan20timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable;Fordirectlyburiedopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan25timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable;whenlayingandpositioning,forpipelinesandoverheadopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan10timestheradiusoftheopticalcable;fordirectburiedopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan12.5timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable.Donotseverelybendtheopticalcableandcause"deadbutton".

10.Когато оптичният кабел е конструиран, силата на опън не трябва да надвишава допустимата краткосрочна сила, която може да понесе (тръбопровод, оптичен кабел над главата: 1500N; оптичен кабел директно вграден: 3000N; оптичен кабел ADSS: 20%RTS), и при използване на операцияТя не трябва да надвишава допустимата дълготрайна сила (тръбопровод, оптика над главата кабел600N;директно вкопан оптичен кабел1000N;ADSSоптичен кабел:MAT).Конструкциите на оптичния кабел трябва да се извършват под ръководството на подходящо квалифицирани техници.

Itisveryimportantforopticalcablestobewiredinthecorrectway.Improperconstructioncaneasilycauseincreasedattenuation,shortenedservicelife,fiberbreakage,brokenskin,andbrokenarmor.Opticalcables,especiallyfeedercables,havealargerdiameterandheavierquality.Whenlayingoutcables,youmustuseabrackettomountthecablereel,andpullthecablewhilerollingthecablereel.Ifitisaloosecablethatisnotequippedwithanopticalcablereel,besuretotakecareofit.Wirethecablesinthefuture.Thewirepullersandthedefendersmustbeequippedwithwalkie-talkiestokeepintouch.Don’tpullwithbruteforcewhentheycan’tpullthem.Theymustbesortedoutslowlybeforecontinuing,soastoensurethatour"fragile"opticalcablesarecovered.Safedeployment.

Пет.Cablelimit

Допустима сила на опън и сила на сплескване

SeetheallowabletensileforceandflatteningforceofopticalcableTable1.

Таблица1-Механичните свойства на оптичния кабел позволяват сила на опън и сила на сплескване

Тип оптичен кабел

Допустима сила на опън (N)

Допустима сила на сплескване (N/100 mm)

Краткосрочно

Дългосрочно

Краткосрочно

Дългосрочно

Тръбопровод и несамоносеща горна част

1500

600

1000

300

Директно погребано

3000

1000

3000

1000

Specialdirectburied

10 000

4000

5000

3000

Под вода (20000N)

20 000

10 000

5000

3000

Под вода (40000N)

40 000

20 000

8000

5000

Метод на свързване

Методът е предимно постоянна връзка, спешна връзка, активна връзка.

1.Постоянна топтична връзка с влакна (наричана още горещо стопяема)

Thiskindofconnectionistomelttheconnectionpointoftwoopticalfibersandconnectthemtogetherbymeansofelectricdischarge.Generallyusedinlong-distanceconnection,permanentorsemi-permanentfixedconnection.Itsmainfeatureisthattheconnectionattenuationisthelowestamongallconnectionmethods,withatypicalvalueof0.01~0.03dB/point.However,whenconnecting,specialequipment(fusionsplicer)andprofessionalsarerequiredtooperate,andtheconnectionpointneedstobeprotectedbyaspecialcontainer.

2.Аварийна връзка (наричана още) студено топене

Emergencyconnectionismainlytousemechanicalandchemicalmethodstofixandbondtwoopticalfiberstogether.Themainfeatureofthismethodisthattheconnectionisfastandreliable,andthetypicalattenuationoftheconnectionis0.1~0.3dB/point.However,theconnectionpointwillbeunstableforlong-termuse,andtheattenuationwillincreasegreatly,soitcanonlybeusedforemergencyinashorttime.

3.Активна връзка

Activeconnectionisamethodofconnectingthesitetothesiteorthesitetotheopticalcablebyusingvariousopticalfiberconnectiondevices(plugsandsockets).Thismethodisflexible,simple,convenient,andreliable,andismostlyusedincomputernetworkwiringinbuildings.Itstypicalattenuationis1dB/connector.

Selection

Inadditiontothenumberoffibercoresandfibertypes,theselectionoftheopticalcableshouldalsobebasedontheuseenvironmentoftheopticalcabletochoosetheoutersheathoftheopticalcable.

1.Whentheoutdoorfiberopticcableisdirectlyburied,itisbettertousearmoredfiberopticcable.Whenoverhead,ablackplasticoutersheathedopticalcablewithtwoormorereinforcingribscanbeused.

2.Когато избирате оптични кабели, използвани в сгради, обърнете внимание на техните огнеустойчиви, токсични и димни характеристики. Като цяло, огнезащитни, но бездимни типове (Plenum) могат да се използват индуктори или принудителна вентилация, а огнезащитни, нетоксични и бездимни типове (Riser) трябва да се използват в експонирана среда.

3.Когато полагате кабели вертикално в сградата, можете да използвате разпределителни кабели; за хоризонтално окабеляване можете да изберете прекъсващи кабели.

4.Ако разстоянието на предаване е в рамките на 2 км, може да се избере многомодов оптичен кабел и препредавател или едномодов оптичен кабел може да се използва за повече от 2 км.

Standardforburieddepthofdirectburiedopticalcable

Секции на полагане или дълбочина на заравяне с почва (m) Забележки

Обикновена почва (твърда почва)≥1,2

Полулитичен (чакъл, изветрял камък)≥1,0

Общ камък≥0,8 Добавете 10 см фина почва и от дъното на канавката

Пивен пясък≥0,8

Предградия, села и градове≥1.2

Вътрешноградски тротоари≥1,0

Пресичане на железопътни линии, магистрали≥1,2 Разстояние до дъното на топката далече от пътя

Изкопи и канали, Езеро≥1.2

Отводняване на земеделска земя≥0,8

Идентификация на модела

Пример:

Първата част

Класификационен код

Забележка: Междупървата частивтората част: кодовото име на подсилващия член (подсилващо ядро)

ThereinforcingmemberreferstotheinsideofthesheathorembeddedinthesheathtoenhancethetensilestrengthoftheopticalcableForcemembers:

Unsigned-metalreinforcedmember;G-metalheavy-dutyreinforcedmember

F-неметален подсилен елемент;H-неметален-тежкотоварен подсилен елемент

(пример:GYTA:метално подсилено ядро;GYFTA:Неметално подсилено ядро)

Thecodeofthefillingstructurefeatureinthecablecoreandtheopticalcable

Thestructuralfeatureoftheopticalcableshouldindicatethemaintypeofthecablecoreandthederivativestructureoftheopticalcable.Whentheopticalcabletypehasseveralstructuralfeaturesthatneedtobenoted,itcanbeindicatedbythecombinationcode.

Втора част

Част III

ОбвивкаКодовото име

Четвъртата част и петата част

Кодът на петата част е представен от два набора от числа. Едната група представлява бронезащитния слой ,което може да бъде една или две цифри;втората група представлява слоя покритие,който е една цифра.

Код на броненосния слой

Код на слоя на покритието

Част VI

Спецификации на оптичния кабел

Мултимодов фибър

Bедномодово влакно

Забележка: Мултимодовото влакно не може да извършва оптично предаване на дълги разстояния поради междумодова дисперсия и е почти елиминирано.

Opticalfiberinspection

Themainpurposeofopticalfiberinspectionistoensurethequalityofthesystemconnection,reducefailurefactorsandfindoutthefaultpointoftheopticalfiberwhenitfails.Therearemanydetectionmethods,mainlydividedintomanualsimplemeasurementandprecisioninstrumentmeasurement.

1.Ръчно лесно измерване

Thismethodisgenerallyusedtoquicklydetecttheon-offofthefiberandtodistinguishthefibermadeduringtheconstruction.Itusesasimplelightsourcetoentervisiblelightfromoneendoftheopticalfiberandobservewhichoneemitslightfromtheotherend.Althoughthismethodissimple,itcannotquantitativelymeasuretheattenuationoftheopticalfiberandthebreakpointoftheopticalfiber.

2. Измерване с прецизен инструмент

Useanopticalpowermeteroranopticaltimedomainreflectometer(OTDR)toquantitativelymeasuretheopticalfiber,andmeasuretheattenuationoftheopticalfiberandtheattenuationoftheconnector,Eventhebreakpointpositionofthefibercanbemeasured.Thismeasurementcanbeusedtoquantitativelyanalyzethecausesoffailuresinopticalfibernetworksandtoevaluateopticalfibernetworkproducts.

Identifytheprosandcons

1.Outer:Indooropticalcablesgenerallyusepolyvinylchlorideorflame-retardantpolyvinylchloride,andtheirappearanceshouldbesmooth,bright,flexible,andeasytopeeloff.Theouterskinofpoorqualityopticalfibercableisnotsmoothandeasytoadheretothetightsleeveandaramidinside.

ThePEsheathoftheoutdooropticalcableshouldbemadeofhigh-qualityblackpolyethylene.Afterthecableisformed,theouterskinissmooth,bright,uniforminthickness,andfreeofsmallbubbles.Theouterskinofinferiorfiberopticcableisgenerallyproducedwithrecycledmaterials,whichcansavealotofcost.Theouterskinofsuchfiberopticcableisnotsmooth.Becausetherearemanyimpuritiesintherawmaterial,theouterskinofthemadefiberopticcablehasmanyverysmallpits.water.

2.Opticalfiber:FormalopticalfibercablemanufacturersgenerallyuseA-gradecoresfromlargefactories.Somelow-costandinferioropticalcablesusuallyuseC-grade,D-gradeopticalfibersandsmuggledopticalfibersfromunknownsources.Theseopticalfibersareduetotheirsources.Itiscomplicated,ittakesalongtimetoleavethefactory,itisoftendampanddiscolored,andsingle-modefibersareoftenmixedinmultimodefibers.Generally,smallfactorieslackthenecessarytestingequipmentandcannotjudgethequalityofthefiber.Becausesuchopticalfiberscannotbedistinguishedbythenakedeye,thecommonproblemsencounteredinconstructionare:narrowbandwidthandshorttransmissiondistance;uneventhicknessandcannotbeconnectedtothepigtail;theopticalfiberlacksflexibilityandbreakswhenthefiberisbent.

3.Reinforcedsteelwire:Thesteelwireoftheoutdooropticalcableoftheregularmanufacturerisphosphated,andthesurfaceisgray.Suchsteelwiredoesnotincreasehydrogenloss,rust,andhashighstrengthafterbeingcabled.Inferiorfiberopticcablesaregenerallyreplacedbythinironoraluminumwires.Theidentificationmethodiseasy-itiswhiteinappearanceandcanbebentatwillwhenitispinchedinthehand.Theopticalfibercableproducedwithsuchsteelwirehasalargehydrogenloss,andafteralongtime,thetwoendsofthehangingopticalfiberboxwillrustandbreak.

Four.Steelarmor:Regularproductioncompaniesusedouble-sidedbrushedanti-corrosionpaintlongitudinallywrappedpatternsteelstrips,inferioropticalcablesaremadeofordinaryironsheet,usuallyonlyonesideistreatedwithrustprevention.

V.Loosetube:TheloosetubeoftheopticalfiberintheopticalcableshouldbemadeofPBTmaterial,whichhashighstrength,nodeformation,andanti-aging.InferiorfiberopticcablesgenerallyusePVCasthesleeve.Theouterdiameterofsuchasleeveisverythin,anditisflattenedbypinchingitbyhand.Itisabitlikeastrawfordrinkingbeverages.

6.Ointment:Ointmentmainlyincludesfiberpasteandcablepaste.Undernormalcircumstances,thefiberpasteshouldfilltheentireloosetube,andthecablepasteshouldfilleverygapoftheopticalcablecoreunderpressure.Therearewaystofillthefiberpastehalffullorless,whilesomeofthecablepastejustapplyalayerontheoutsideofthecablecore,andsomearenotfilledbetweenthetwoendsoftheopticalcable.Thiswillmaketheopticalfibernotwellprotected,affectthetransmissionperformancesuchasopticalfiberattenuation,andthepoorwaterproofperformancecannotreachthenationalstandard.Oncetheopticalcableaccidentallyseeswater,theentirelinkwillseepandbescrapped.Undernormalcircumstances,evenifthereisanaccidentalwaterseepage,youonlyneedtorepairthewaterseepage,andyoudon'tneedtodoitagain.(Thenationalstandardrequiresthatthewaterblockingperformanceis:threemetersofopticalcable,onemeterofwatercolumnpressure,nowaterseepagefor24hours.)Ifyouusepoorointment,theaboveproblemswillalsooccur,anditmaybeduetothepoorthixotropyoftheointment.,Theopticalfiberwillcausemicro-bendingloss,andthetransmissioncharacteristicsoftheentirelinkwillbeunqualified;ifthegreaseisacidic,itwillreactwiththemetalmaterialintheopticalcabletoprecipitatehydrogenmolecules,andtheattenuationoftheopticalfiberwillincreaserapidlywhenitencountersH,causingtheentireThelinkisinterruptedfortransmission.

Seven.Aramid:AlsoknownasKevlar,itisakindofhigh-strengthchemicalfiber,whichismostusedinthemilitaryindustry.Militaryhelmetsandbulletproofvestsareproducedfromthismaterial.Asof2013,onlyDuPontandtheDutchAkzocanproducethem,andthepriceisabout300,000tons.Indooropticalcablesandelectricaloverheadopticalcables(ADSS)bothusearamidyarnasreinforcements.Becausearamidcostsarehigh,inferiorindooropticalcablesgenerallyhaveaverythinouterdiameter,sothatafewstrandsofaramidcanbeusedtosavecosts.Suchanopticalcableiseasytobebrokenwhenpassingthroughthetube.BecauseADSSopticalcabledeterminestheamountofaramidfiberusedintheopticalcableaccordingtothespanandwindspeedpersecond,itisgenerallynotafraidtocutcorners.

8.Water-blockingtape:Thewater-blockingtapeoryarnforopticalcableshasstrongwater-absorbingperformancethroughtheuniformlydistributedsuperabsorbentresininsidetheproduct.Underthecombinedactionofrubberelasticity,superabsorbentresincanquicklyabsorbwaterseveraltimesitsownweight.Moreover,thewaterblockingpowderwillswellthegelimmediatelyonceitencounterswater,andnomatterhowmuchpressureisappliedtoit,thewaterwillnotbesqueezedout.Therefore,thecablecoreiscoveredwithawater-blockingtapecontainingwater-absorbentresin.Incasetheouterwalloftheopticalcableisdamaged,thesuperabsorbentresininthewoundpartwillswellandexertasealingeffect,whichcanpreventtheentryofwatertoaminimum.Inferiorfiberopticcablesusuallyusenon-wovenfabricsorpapertapes.Oncetheouterskinofthefiberopticcableisdamaged,theconsequenceswillbeveryserious.

Discusstheimportanceofcommunicationopticalcablelinemaintenanceandspecificcountermeasures

Theinformationageiscoming,andthedevelopmentofvariousindustriesinmycountrytodayiscloselyrelatedtocommunicationtechnology.Therefore,bothcompaniesandpeoplehavehigherrequirementsforcommunicationlevels,andthecommunicationindustryisdevelopingveryrapidly,buttherearestillmanyproblemsthathavenotbeenresolved.Thequalityofcommunicationtechnologyisdirectlyrelatedtothecurrentmaintenanceofcommunicationopticalcablelines.Thisarticleanalyzesthemeaningandspecificmethodsofcommunicationopticalcablelinemaintenanceforpracticalapplications.

Чести причини за препятствията

Намиране на точки на препятствията

ThemethodstepsofusingOTDRtesttodeterminetheobstructionpointofopticalcablelineattheendpointorrelaystationareroughlyasfollows:

1) Използвайте OTDR, за да тествате максималното разстояние от точката на препятствието до края на теста.

2)Whentheopticalcableisblockedduetonaturaldisastersorexternalinfluencessuchasexternalconstruction,findtheobstaclelocationprovidedbythemaintenancepersonnelaccordingtothepersonnel.Ifitisnottheabovesituation,itisnoteasyfortheinspectorstofindtheobstaclelocationfromtheabnormalroadsurface.Atthistime,itisnecessarytocheckwiththeoriginaltestdataaccordingtothedistancebetweentheobstaclepointmeasuredbytheOTDRandthetestendtofindoutwhichmark(orwhichtwojoints)theobstaclepointisbetween.Afterpassingthenecessaryconversion,Byaccuratelymeasuringthelengthofthegroundduringthisperiod,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbedetermined.

3)Ifthefiberbreakageiscausedbythestructuraldefectoftheopticalcableortheagingoftheopticalfiber,itisdifficulttoaccuratelymeasurethebreakpointwithOTDR,andonlytheobstructivesectioncanbemeasured,thenasectionofopticalcableshouldbeusedinstead.

Методи за подобряване на точността при локализиране на повреда на оптична кабелна линия

Firstofall,itisnecessarytounderstandhowthemeterisusedandhowtousethemetertohelpaccuratemeasurement.

1.SettheOTDRparameters.WhenusinganOTDRtest,youmustfirstsettheinstrumentparameters,themostimportantofwhichistosettherefractiveindexandtestwavelengthofthetestfiber.Onlybyaccuratelysettingthebasicparametersofthetestinstrumentcanconditionsbecreatedforaccuratetesting.

2.Usethemagnifyingfunctionofthemeter.UsethezoomfunctionofOTDRtoaccuratelyplacethecursoronthecorrespondinginflectionpoint,andusethezoomfunctionkeytozoominto25meters/div.Inthisway,moreaccuratetestresultswitharesolutionoflessthan1metercanbeobtained.

3.Adjusttheaccuratetestrangefile.Fordifferenttestrangefiles,thedistanceresolutionofOTDRtestisdifferent.Whenmeasuringopticalfiberobstaclepoints,youshouldselectthetestrangefilethatisgreaterthanthemeasureddistanceandtheclosest,sothattheaccuracyofthemetercanbefullyutilizedformeasurement.

Secondly,accurateandcompleteoriginaldocumentsshouldbeestablishedduringthemaintenanceandmanagementprocess.Theseaccuratelycompletedopticalcablelinefilesarethebasicbasisforfaultmeasurementandlocation.Therefore,intheprocessofmaintenanceandmanagement,weshouldnotbenegligent,andshouldestablishtrue,credibleandcompletelineinformation.

Whentheopticalcableconnectionismonitored,thecumulativelengthoftheopticalfiberfromthetestendtoeachjointpointandthetotalattenuationvalueoftheintermediatefiberarerecorded.Atthesametime,thetestinstrumentmodelandthesettingoftherefractiveindexduringthetestarealsorecorded.Thevalueisregistered.Accuratelyrecordtheremainingfiberopticcables.Recordindetailthelengthoftheopticalcablereelineachjointpit,specialsection,S-shapedlaying,roomentry,etc.andthelengthoftheopticalfiberreelinthejointbox,terminalbox,ODFrack,etc.,sothatitcanbedeductedwhenconvertingtheroutelengthofthefaultpoint.

Inaddition,theconsistencyofthetestconditionsshouldbemaintainedduringthemeasurementprocess.Duringtheobstacletest,trytoensuretheconsistencyofthetestinstrumentmodel,operationmethodandinstrumentparametersettings,etc.,sothatthetestresultsarecomparable.Therefore,eachtestinstrumentmodelandtestparametersettingsmustberecordedindetailforfutureuse.

Finally,acomprehensiveanalysis.Theobstacletestrequiresthattheoperatormusthaveaclearthinkingandaflexiblewaytodealwiththeproblem,andaclearlogicalthinkingisveryusefulwhereveritis.Undernormalcircumstances,two-wayfaulttestsareperformedonbothendsofthefiberopticcableline,andthencombinedwiththeoriginaldataforanalysis,andthenreadytodeterminethespecificlocationofthefault.Whenthelinkaroundthefaultpointhasnoobviouscharacteristicsandthespecificsitecannotbedetermined,thenwecantakethemeasurementmethodatthenearestjoint,whichcanexcavateattheobstaclepointofthepreliminarytest,andtheendstationtestinstrumentisinthereal-timemeasurementstate.

Restorationofobstacles

Iftheopticalcablelineisobstructed,everysecondmustbedetermined.Temporarilyadjustthecircuitorlaytheemergencyopticalcabletotemporarilyseizethecircuit,andorganizeforcestorepairitassoonaspossible.

1.Авариен ремонт

1)Алоптичните кабелни линии в една посока са блокирани

Accordingtothescheduledcircuitschedulingplan,immediatelyTemporarilyadjustallcircuitsorpartofthemaincircuits.

2)Theindividualfiberoftheopticalcablelineinacertaindirectionisblocked

Ifthereisasparefiberintheopticalfiber,orthereisanothercircuitouscircuit,immediatelyusethesparefiberorcircuittotemporarilyadjusttheobstaclecircuit;Ifthereisasparefiberintheopticalcableandthereisnocircuitouscircuit,itshallbedealtwithaccordingtothestipulatedschedulingprincipletoensurethattheimportantcircuitisunblocked,andthesecondarycircuitissuspended.

3)Partoftheopticalfiberoftheopticalcablelineinacertaindirectionisblocked

Ifthereareopticalfibersintheopticalcable,inadditiontousingthespareopticalfibertotemporarilyadjustthecircuit,youcanselectanunblockedopticalfibertemporarilyPairing,inaccordancewiththeprescribedschedulingprincipleandschedulingsequence,temporarilyadjustthecircuit,ifthetemporarilypairedfiberisstillnotenough,andthereisnocircuitouscircuit,thenthesecondarycircuitissuspended.

Бележки:

1.Thetemporarydispatchoftheaboveopticalfibermustbenegotiatedbybothsidesofthemachineandline.Completedinclosecooperation.

2.Fortheopticalfiberspairedintheoriginallinesequence,aslongasthetwoendsofthemaintenancestationaccordingtothesystemscheduling,switchthecircuit;iftheopticalfibersarepairedtemporarily,theopticaldistributionracksintherelaystationsonbothsidesoftheobstacleshouldbeused.(Orterminalbox)toadjusttheconnection.

3.Ifthemainopticalfiberisconnectedwithanopticalattenuator,butthespareopticalfiberisnotpre-connectedwithanattenuator,thecorrespondingopticalattenuatorshouldalsobeconnectedwhenthespareopticalfiberisused.Thisissueshouldalsobepaidattentiontowhenopticalfiberpairingisusedtemporarily.

2. Полагане на аварийни оптични кабели

1) Условия за поставяне на аварийни оптични кабели

WhentheopticalcablelinesinacertaindirectionareallblockedAfterallthecircuitsorthemaincircuitareswitchedon,youcanconsiderrepairingtheopticalcableatonetime,insteadofusinganemergencycircuit.Whenthereisnoconditiontotemporarilytunethecircuit,orthetemporarytunedpartofthecircuitcannotmeettheneedsoflarge-capacitycommunication,theemergencyopticalcableshouldbelaid,andthecircuitshouldberushedinaccordancewiththeschedulingprincipleandschedulingsequencestipulatedinthe"circuitschedulingsystem".Resumecommunication,andthenre-choosetheroutetolayoutnewopticalcablesforformalrestoration.

2) Определяне на обхвата на разгръщане на аварийни оптични кабели

Opticalcablesareblockedbynaturaldisastersorexternalforces.Generally,afterdeterminingtheapproximatelocationoftheobstacles,itiseasiertofindthemaccordingtotheabnormalroadsurface.Obstaclepoints,thedeploymentrangeofemergencyopticalcablescanbedetermined.However,itisdifficulttodeterminethedeploymentrangeoftheemergencyopticalcablewhentheOTDRonlydetectstheobstaclepointattheendstationortherelaystation,whichisbetweenwhichtwojoints,andcannotdeterminethespecificlocationoftheobstacle.Atthistime,ifconditionspermit,youcanuseOTDRtotestattheremoterelaystation,andconductacomprehensiveanalysisofthetestresultsonbothsides.Generally,youcanaccuratelydeterminetheopticalcablebreakpoint.IfthereisnoconditiontouseOTDRtestfromtwodirections,youcansendtwoseparatelyTodealwiththissituation:

a)Theobstaclepointisrelativelyclosetoaconnector,andtheemergencyopticalcableistobelaidoutfromthisconnector.OpenthisconnectorandusetheOTDRtotestinthedirectionoftheobstacleattheconnector.Atthistime,testThedistanceisshort,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbemeasuredmoreaccurately,andtheemergencyopticalcablecanbedeterminedwheretolay.

b)Theobstaclepointislocatedinthemiddleofthetwojoints.Itisnotadvisabletostartlayingtheemergencyopticalcablefromajoint.Itisnecessarytofurtherdeterminethepositionoftheobstaclepointandplaceanemergencysectiononbothsidesoftheobstaclepoint.Opticalcable.Inthiscase,youcanusethestep-by-stepextensionheuristicmethodtofindthespecificlocationoftheobstacle,thatis,usetheOTDRtoinitiallymeasuretheobstaclepointattheendstationortherelaystation,digouttheopticalcableinfrontoftheobstaclepoint,andcutacertainopticalfiberforre-testing,suchasIftheobstacleisnotinthecut-offrange,youshouldjudgetheapproximatedistance,thendigouttheopticalcableforward,cutoffanotheropticalfiberandre-test,untiltheobstacleiswithinthecut-offpoint,youcandeterminetheemergencyThedeploymentrangeoftheopticalcable.Generally,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbedeterminedbyretestingtwice.

c)Thesametypeofopticalfibercabletoacceleratetheemergencyrepairoftheconnector

Anothertypeofopticalcableemergencyrepairmethodistousethesametypeofopticalcableastheobstacleopticalcableastheemergencyrepairopticalcable,usingtheconnector(Flexiblejoint)addmatchingliquidfortemporaryconnection,andrushthroughthecircuit.

3.Официален ремонт

Whenformallyrepairingopticalcablelineobstacles,communicationmustbemaintainedasmuchaspossible,especiallythecommunicationofimportantcircuitsmustnotbeinterrupted,andtheconstructionqualitymustconformtotheopticalcableRequirementsforlineconstructionqualitystandardsandmaintenancequalitystandards.

Whenofficiallyrepairingthefull-blockingobstaclesoftheopticalcableline,thefollowingissuesshouldbepaidattentionto:

1.Fortheobstaclesintheconnectorboxorneartheconnector,theopticalfiberorconnectorpitreservedintheconnectorboxshouldbeusedtopreventLeavethefiberopticcableforrepair,noneedtoaddadditionalconnectors.Whenthereisareservedopticalcableneartheobstaclepoint,thereservedopticalcableshouldbeusedforconnection,andonlyoneconnectorshouldbeadded.

2.Whenitisnecessarytouseinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcabletoformallyrepairtheopticalcableobstacle,thesamemanufacturerandthesametypeofopticalcableshouldbeused.

3.Thelengthoftheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcablecanbeconsideredbythefollowingthreefactors:

(1)ConsideringthattheendstationorrelaystationmustuseOTDRtomonitorwhentheopticalfiberconnectionisofficiallyrepaired,Oritisconvenienttodistinguishtheobstaclesbetweentwoadjacentconnectionpointsindailymaintenancework;theminimumlengthoftheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcablemustmeettheresponseresolution(two-pointresolution)requirementoftheOTDRinstrument,anditshouldgenerallybegreaterthan100meters.

(2)Consideringthatitdoesnotaffectthesingle-modefibertoworkunderasingle-modesteady-stateconditiontoensurecommunicationquality,theminimumlengthofinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcableshouldbegreaterthan22meters.

(3)Tointerveneorchangethelengthoftheopticalcable,pleaserefertotheprinciplerequirementsof(1)and(2),combinedwiththeactualsituationandcomprehensivelyconsiderit,andgraspitflexibly.Forexample,ifthereisaconnectorneartheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcable,theopticalcableshouldbeextendedtothejointasmuchaspossible,andonlyoneconnectorshouldbeadded.

4. Намесете или заменете оптичния кабел, общата последователност от прекъсване на оптични влакна:

(1)Firstofall,itshouldbebasedontheschedulingprinciplesstipulatedinthe"circuitschedulingsystem"Thetwopartiesandthedispatchingsequencemachinewilljointlynegotiateanopticalfibercutoverplanandsubmitittothesuperiorauthorityforapproval.

(2)Thefibercutoverprocessshouldtrynottointerruptthecircuit(especiallyimportantcircuits).Tocutandconnecttheoriginalandnewlydeployedopticalfiberbytheemergencyopticalcable,thespareopticalcableshouldbeconnectedfirst,andthespareopticalfiberisusedasareplacementpair.Pairthetransfercircuit,orifthereisnospareopticalcableintheoriginalopticalcable,thesecondarycircuitshouldbesuspended,andtheopticalfiberofthesystemshouldbecutoverasareplacementpair,andthenaccordingtotheoriginalcutoversequence,cutoveronebyonetorestorethecircuit.