Връзка между характерите
CloseErrorCorrection
Съпруга Ян Джихуа Докладвана е грешка1079600
FatherQuShiwei Error3827124hasbeenfeedbacked
MotherJinxuan Error19605129hasbeenfeedbacked
Бивша съпруга WangJianhong Грешка70979961 е докладвана.
Заведена дъщеряQuDuyi Подадена е грешка963926
BrotherQuYunbai Грешка 17512322 е докладвана.
Животът на героя
Младите отиват на училище
29 януари 1899 г., QuQiubaisheng Разположен на втория етаж на TianxiangBuilding, BaguitangGarden, QingguoLane(сега No.82),ChangzhouPrefecture, Провинция Дзянсу.
Баща, QuShiwei, е добър в рисуването, владеенето на мечове и медицината. Той е безразличен по природа, не управлява семейния бизнес, живее в къщата на чичо си и зависи финансово от помощта на QuShihu, магистрат на Zhejiang.
In1904,heenteredaprivateschoolforenlightenment,andin1905hewastransferredtoGuanyingPrimarySchool.Therewasanessayinwhichthehusbandgaveafullscoreandshowedittotheprincipal.Becauseofthegoodwriting,headdedanotherfivepoints.
InthespringofthefirstyearofXuantongoftheQingDynasty(1909),hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofChangzhouFuMiddleSchool(nowChangzhouSeniorMiddleSchoolinJiangsuProvince).AffectedbytherevolutionarythoughtofTuYuanbo,theprincipal.
AftertheRevolutionof1911,QuShihu'suncleQuShihuabandonedhisofficialresidencetoliveinHangzhouandstoppedfundingQuShiwei'sfamily.QuQiubai’sfamilywascaughtineconomicdifficultiesandmovedtotheChengxiTemplealongtheQu’sAncestralHallinTing,wherehelivedonpawnsandborrowedmoney.
Onthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonthof1916,hismotherJinXuancommittedsuicidebytakingpoison.
Attheendof1916,hewenttoHankouandlivedinthehomeofQuChunbai,acousinwhowasaninterpreterintheBeijing-HanRailwayBureau,andenteredWuchangForeignLanguageSchooltolearnEnglish.
Inthespringof1917,IwenttoBeijingwithmycousin.IoriginallyhadtoapplyforPekingUniversity,butIcouldn'taffordthetuitionandmeals.Participatinginthegeneralcivilserviceexaminationwasnottaken.Later,hewasadmittedtotheRussianSpecialistTrainingCenteroftheMinistryofForeignAffairswherehe"hasnotuitionandhasabackground"tolearnRussian.ParticipatedintheMayFourthMovementin1919.HewasarrestedonJune3andgaveaspeechinthestreet.HewasreleasedonJune8.OnAugust23,theygatheredatXinhuamenwithstudentrepresentativesfromalloverthecountrytoprotestagainstthearrestof"MaLiangandLu"bytheNationalPoliceAgency.OnAugust30,theNationalPoliceAgencyreleasedallpetitionrepresentatives.AftertheMayFourthMovement,hejoinedtheMarxistResearchAssociationinitiatedbyLiDazhaoandZhangSongnian.
Животът в Русия
През август 1920 г. той е назначен като специален кореспондент на Beijing Morning News и ShanghaiShixinbaoto интервю в Москва.
OnJuly6,1921,IsawtherevolutionaryteacherLeninintheAndreHallandhadabriefconversationinthemeeting.OnNovember7,1921,onthefourthanniversaryoftheOctoberRevolutioninRussia,Iparticipatedintheworkers'memorialassemblyattheThirdElectricLaborFactoryinMoscow.IsawLeninagainandlistenedtoaspeech.Intheautumnof1921,OrientalUniversityopenedaChineseclass.AstheonlytranslatorinMoscowatthattime,heenteredtheschoolasatranslatorandassistantteacher.TheChineseclasswasorganizedasaseparateclass.ThestudentsincludedLiuShaoqi,LuoYinong,PengShuzhi,RenBishi,KeQingshi,WangYifei,XiaoJinguang,etc.,QuQiubaitaughtRussian,materialistdialectics,politicaleconomy,andactedasaninterpreterforpoliticaltheorycourses.InMay1921,ZhangTaileiintroducedhimtotheCommunistPartyofChina,andinSeptemberhebecameafullpartymember.
През пролетта на 1922 г. той официално се присъединява към комунистическата партия на Китай.
Attheendof1922,ChenDuxiuwenttoMoscowonbehalfoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andQuQiubaiservedasatranslator.
Връщане на работа в Китай
На 21 декември 1922 г., поканен от Chen Duxiu, той напуска Москва и се връща на работа в Китай. Пристига в Пекин на 13 януари 1923 г.
Февруари 1923 г., частично преведен „Върху основата на ленинизма“, преведен частта от „Обобщение на ленинизма“ в „Върху основата на ленинизма“ на Сталин, 22 април в „Нова младеж“ № 1, публикуван. и историята на международното комунистическо движение.
Inthesummerof1923,YuYourenandDengZhongxiafoundedShanghaiUniversity,andQuQiubaiwenttoShanghaiUniversityasthedeanofsociology.InAugust,hewroteandpublishedthe"ShanghaiUniversity"thatmodernChinashouldhave,formulatingaplanforthedevelopmentofShanghaiUniversity,envisagedthatShanghaiUniversitywillbecomea"newculturalsportscenterintheSouth",andproceededtoformulateschoolregulationsandrectifythefaculty,Carryingouttheprincipleofcombiningtheorywithpractice,improvingteachingquality,andestablishingbasic-levelorganizationsoftheCommunistParty.Atthesametime,heisalsoinchargeofthepropagandaworkoftheChineseCommunistParty,servingastheeditor-in-chiefofthequarterlymagazine"NewYouth",andatthesametimetheeditor-in-chiefofanothercentralagencypublication"Qianfeng",participatingintheeditingof"Guide".
Attheendof1923,heparticipatedinthedraftingofthedraftdeclarationofthefirstNationalCongressoftheKuomintang.ThedeclarationestablishedthenewThreePeople'sPrinciplespolicyofunitingRussia,unitingtheCommunistParty,andhelpingworkersandpeasants.
OnJanuary20,1924,thefirstNationalCongressoftheChineseKuomintangopenedinGuangzhou.Atthemeeting,hewaselectedasthealternatecentralexecutivememberoftheKuomintang.HerushedbetweenShanghaiandGuangzhoutohandletheissueofcooperationbetweenthetwoparties.
InJuly1924,accordingtoSunYat-sen'sproposal,theKuomintangCentralCommitteeestablishedapoliticalcommitteewithSunYat-senasthechairmanandQuQiubaiasamember.Duringthisperiod,QuQiubaialsoparticipatedintheguidanceworkoftheKMTShanghaiExecutiveDepartmentasanalternateexecutivememberoftheCentralCommittee.Atthesametime,healsoservedastheeditoroftheShanghaiKMTorgannewspaper"RepublicofChinaDaily".
SinceJanuary1925,attheFourth,Fifth,andSixthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,hewaselectedasamemberoftheCentralCommittee,amemberoftheCentralBureauandamemberofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,andbecameoneoftheleadersoftheCommunistPartyofChina.OnMay30,1925,the"May30thMassacre"occurredandledthepatrioticanti-imperialistmovementwithChenDuxiu,CaiHesen,LiLisan,YunDaiying,andLiuShaoqi.OnJune4,theeditor-in-chiefpublishedtheCommunistParty’sfirstdailynewspaper,the“HotBloodDaily”,whichreportedontheanti-imperialiststruggleinShanghaiandthewholecountry.Inthespringof1926,hewasseriouslyillandwashospitalized,andwrotethebook"RussianBourgeoisRevolutionandtheProblemofthePeasants".
OnFebruary7,1927,IeditedQuQiubai'sEssaysbymyself.OnFebruary22,Shanghaiworkerslaunchedthesecondarmeduprising.QuQiubairushedtotheRafadRoadRiotCommandPosttoparticipateinleadingtheuprising.Intheevening,heattendedthejointmeetingoftheCentralandDistrictPartyCommitteesanddraftedthe"PolicyandWorkPlanOpinionsaftertheFebruary22RiotinShanghai"overnightandsubmittedittotheCentralSpecialCommittee.FromFebruary25thtoMarch2nd,attendedthemeetingoftheCentralSpecialCommitteetodiscussthethirdarmeduprisingofShanghaiworkersandputforwardimportantguidingopinions.FromShanghaitoHankouinMarch,responsiblefortheFifthCongress.OnApril11,hewrotetheprefaceforMaoZedong's"InvestigationReportonHunanPeasantMovement".FromApril27thtoMay9th,theFifthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Onthefirstday,ChenDuxiugaveareporttotheCentralCommittee.Onthesecondday,QuQiubaicirculated"ProblemsofControversyintheChineseRevolution",criticizingChenDuxiuandtherepresentativesoftheCommunistInternationalfortheirrightopportunisticmistakes.ElectedasamemberoftheCentralCommittee,amemberofthePolitburo,andamemberofthePolitburoStandingCommittee.
OnJuly12,1927,theCommunistInternationalorderedthereorganizationoftheleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommittee.ChenDuxiuwassuspendedandZhangGuotaoactedasatemporaryagenttopresideovertheworkoftheCentralCommittee.OnJuly13,wewenttoLushansecretlywithBorodintodiscusstheleadershipreorganizationoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandplananarmedriot.HereturnedtoWuhaninthelasttendaysandattendedtheenlargedmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCentralCommitteeheldonJuly25todiscussandagreetoNanchang'sproposal.OnAugust1stNanchangUprising.OnAugust7th,theCommunistInternationalrepresentativeLuoMinnazpresidedoverameeting(theAugust7thmeeting),formallyremovedChenDuxiu(absent),appointedQuQiubaiasatemporarymemberofthePolitburoStandingCommittee,andpresidedovertheworkoftheCentralCommittee.AfterChenDuxiu,hebecamethesecondhighestleaderoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
InMarchandAprilof1928,theinterimstandingcommitteemadeself-criticism,whichbasicallyendedthenationwideleft-leaningblindmoveerrorinpractice.
HearrivedinMoscowinmid-May1928andhostedtheSixthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinainthetownofZvenigorodontheoutskirtsofMoscowinJune.Afterthat,hecontinuedtostayinMoscowandservedastheheadoftheCCP'sdelegationtotheCommunistInternationalfortwoyears.TheactualdirectleaderoftheCCPinChinawasLiLisanandXiangZhongfa.Inthesummerof1927,MiFuandWangMingfabricatedthe"JiangsuandZhejiangClassmatesAssociation"incident.Inthesummerof1929,WangMingandotherstookadvantageoftheanti-rightistQingpartymovementoftheCommunistPartytosetoffawaveofSunYat-senUniversity,helda"ten-daymeeting"toforma"twenty-eightandahalfBolsheviks",andeventuallyledtothe"disappearanceofQuQiubai'sthirdbrother,JingBai."".
Inthespringof1930,withthesupportoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheCommunistInternational,hewasremovedfromthepositionoftherepresentativeoftheCommunistPartyofChinainMoscowandreturnedtoChinawithhiswife.HewenttoShanghaionAugust26.AttheendofSeptember,theSixthThirdPlenarySessionoftheCentralCommitteewasheldtocriticizetheadventurismlineofsettingupthree.Since"theLisanlinewasnotrecognizedasfundamentallydifferentfromtheinternationalline",thecriticismoftheLisanlinewasnotthoroughenough.
OnJanuary7,1931,underthecontrolofMiff,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheSixthCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinShanghai.LiLisanwasexpelledfromtheCentralCommitteeandQuQiubaiwasalsoremovedfromthecentralleadershipposition.Sofar,MifuhasachievedthegoalofcontrollingtheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andWangMinghasalsorisentotheskyinonestep.AftergoingtoMoscowastherepresentativeoftheChineseCommunistPartytotheCommunistInternational,Bogu(QinBangxian)tookoverastheinterimheadoftheCentralCommittee.QuQiubaistayedinShanghaitorecuperate(tuberculosis),didliterarycreationandtranslation,forgedadeepfriendshipwithMaoDunandLuXun,andledtheleft-wingmovement.HewasorderedtoleaveShanghaiin1934.
OnFebruary5,1934,hearrivedinRuijin,thecentralrevolutionarybase,andservedasamemberoftheCentralExecutiveCommitteeoftheChineseSovietRepublic,amemberofthePeople'sEducationCommission,andtheMinisterofEducationoftheCentralGovernmentoftheChineseSovietRepublic.AftertheRedArmydecidedontheLongMarch,theyaskedtojointhearmyintheLongMarch,buttheywerestillleftinRuijin,whichwasabouttofall.
Arrestedforjustice
DuringtheLongMarch,themainforceoftheRedArmy,QuQiubaisufferedfromalungdiseaseandstayedinRuijin,Jiangxitoinsistonguerrillawarfare,andservedasthePropagandaDirectoroftheCentralBureauoftheCommunistPartyofChina.OnFebruary24,1935,inChangtingCounty,FujianProvince,hewasdiscoveredbythelocalreactionaryarmedsecuritygroupandwasarrestedforfailingtobreakthrough.Atthattime,underthepseudonymLinQixiang,hewasadoctorbyprofession.InearlyApril,theEighthDivisionoftheKuomintangcapturedXu,thewifeofWanYongcheng,secretaryoftheFujianProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andconfessedthatQuQiubaihadbeencapturedinChangtingCounty.TheKuomintangfoundQuQiubaiamongthecapturedpersonsbasedontheinformationprovidedbyXu.HealsoaskedthecapturedtraitorZhengDapeng,whohadbeenasenderandreceiver,toidentifyinthedark,confirmingthat"LinQixiang"wasindeedQuQiubai.
На 9 май 1935 г. QuQiubai е бил конвоиран в Changting. По време на задържането си (23 май) QuQiubai написа „Излишни думи“, изразявайки обратите и обратите на политическата кариера на своя писател. в Луоханлинг на 36 години.
Личен живот
Членове на семейството
Прадядо | QuXibao | |
Нечистидядо | QuGengfu | |
Баща | QuZhibin,ZiShiwei | QuShiwei е добро рисуване, майсторство с меч и медицина. |
Майка | JinXuan,wordHengyu | Дъщерята на официален и неунух, който е добър в поезията. |
Бивша съпруга | WangJianhong | Родом от Youyang, Съчуан, Tujia, е близък приятел на известния писател Динг Линг в Шанхайския университет. |
Втора съпруга | YangZhihua | YangZhihuawasborninXiaoshan,Zhejiangin1900andstudiedatZhejiangWomen’sNormalSchool. |
Дъщеря | QuDuyi, бивше имеShenXiaoguang | Роден в Шанхай през 1921 г., живял в Съветския съюз от 1928 до 1941 г. и бил назначен да работи в новинарска агенция Синхуа през 1946 г. |
Емоционален живот
С WangJianhong
Thefirstlover,WangJianhong,SheisaclosefriendofthefamouswriterDingLingatShanghaiUniversity,asmartwomanofthetimes.In1923,QuQiubaimetandfellinlovewithher,andtheymarriedinlessthanhalfayear.Unfortunately,afteronly7monthsofmarriage,WangJianhongdiedoftuberculosis.
С YangZhihua
Thesecondwife,YangZhihua,isQuDuyi’smother.BorninXiaoshan,Zhejiangin1900,sheisagentlemaninthefamily.Miss.In1922,YangZhihuawenttoShanghaialonetoparticipateinthewomen'smovement,metXiangJingyu,WangJianhongandothers,andwasadmittedtotheDepartmentofSociologyofShanghaiUniversityattheendof1923.HemarriedQuQiubaionNovember7,1924.
CoachingatShanghaiUniversity
In1923,QuQiubaibecamethedeanoftheDepartmentofSociologyatShanghaiUniversity.Hesaidthat"wemustusesomespiritandtakesomeresponsibilities",andstrivetomakeShanghaiUniversitya"centerofthenewculturalmovementintheSouth",andplannedamagnificentblueprintfortheschool'sfuture:theestablishmentofanacademyofsocialsciencesandanacademyofliteratureandart.SeparateDepartmentofSociology,DepartmentofEconomics,DepartmentofLaw,DepartmentofPhilosophy,DepartmentofHistory,DepartmentofPsychology,DepartmentofEducation;DepartmentofChineseLiterature,DepartmentofEnglishLiterature,DepartmentofRussianLiterature,DepartmentofFrenchLiterature,DepartmentofGermanLiterature;DepartmentofPainting,MusicDepartment,SculptureDepartmentandsoon.Studentsarerequiredtohavebasicknowledge,solidskills,andproficiencyinlanguagetools,suchasthefirstandsecondforeignlanguages,ancientcharacters,andtextualresearchmethods,andsoon.Weencouragestudentstoorganizeassociationsandresearchassociations,expresstheiropinionsfreely,invigoratetheacademicatmosphere,integrateacademicresearchandunderstandingofsociety,andcultivatestudents'abilitytoanalyzeproblemsandworkindependently.HeemphasizedthatShanghaiUniversityshouldbecontemporaryandrevolutionaryinordertoundertaketheimportanttaskoftransformingsociety.
QuQiubaiisdeterminedtoruntheDepartmentofSociology,makingitthelargestdepartmentofShanghaiUniversityandthestrongestandmostactivepositionoftherevolutionaryforces.CaiHesen,YunDaiying,XiaoChunv,etc.havealltaughthere.
QuQiubaisuccessivelyopenedcoursessuchas"ModernSocialPhilosophy","ModernSociology","ModernEthnicIssues","IntroductiontoSocialSciences","NewEconomicPolicy"andothercoursesforShanghaiUniversityandtheSummerSchoolLectureSocietyorganizedbyit..Throughthesecourses,hetaughtthestudentsthebasicknowledgeofalmostallaspectsofMarxistsocialscience,andarmedthestudents'minds.QuQiubai's"ModernSociology","IntroductiontoSocialSciences","SummaryofSocialPhilosophy"andthe"MaterialisticOverviewoftheUniverse"writtenlater,madeoutstandingcontributionstothespreadofMarxistphilosophyandthecreationofChineseproletarianphilosophy.
Основни произведения
"Историята на RedCapital" | "RussianTownshipJourney" | "Допълнителни думи" p> | "GorkyCreationCollection" | "Реалностно-марксистка литература и изкуствоЕсета" |
"Първата лястовица на юг от река Яндзъ" | "BuSuanzi·YongMei" | "RedPlumPavilion" | "Хризантема" | "CryMotherPoem" |
Оценка на характер
QuQiubai, един от главните лидери на ранната комунистическа партия на Китай, голям марксист, изключителен пролетарски революционер, теоретик и пропагандист, е китайско революционно литературно предприятие, един от най-важните основатели.
Мао Цзедун го високо похвали и каза: „В трудните години на тази революция той настояваше на своята героична позиция и би предпочел да отиде до касапинския нож на палача, за да се предаде. Неговият дух да работи за хората, тази непоколебима воля и мислите му, запазени в текста, ще живеят вечно и никога няма да умрат.“ (Mao Zedong oZedongComment)
CharacterMemorial
TheQuQiubaiMartyrsMemorialHallwasofficiallyopenedinChangtingonOctober17,2006.TheQuQiubaiMartyrsMemorialHallwasbuiltundertheWestLuohanRidgeofChangtingCounty.Itcoversanareaofmorethan590squaremetersandabuildingareaof990squaremeters.Preparationsbeganin2005.Aftercompletion,itwillbeintegratedwiththeNationalPatriotismEducationDemonstrationBaseQuQiubaiMartyrsMonumentforcentralizeddisplay.ThegloriouslifeofQuQiubai.
OnOctober19,1980,theGeneralOfficeoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaforwardedtheCentralCommissionforDisciplineInspection"ReexaminationReportontheArrestofComradeQuQiubai."The"ReviewReport"pointedout:AfterbeingarrestedbytheKuomintang,ComradeQuQiubaiinsistedontheparty'sstand,maintainedtherevolutionaryethics,anddemonstratedhiscouragetoregarddeathashomeandcalmdown.ItiscompletelywrongtoslanderComradeQuQiubaiasa"traitor"duringthe"CulturalRevolution".Heshouldbecompletelyrehabilitatedandhisreputationrestored.
In1985,itwaslistedasaprovincialculturalrelicsprotectionunit.In1987,itwaslistedasanationalkeymartyrsmemorialbuildingprotectionunit,andin2001,itwaslistedasthesecondbatchofnationalpatriotismeducationbases.
TheQuQiubaiMemorialHallisalsobuiltinChangzhou,Jiangsu.ItwasoriginallytheQuFamilyAncestralHallinthewestofthecity(QuQiubai'suncleQuGengfudonatedmoneytobuilditwhenhewasthegovernorofHubeiduringtheGuangxuperiodoftheQingDynasty).Itcoversanareaof1,025squaremeters,dividedintotwoparts.Eachhasfourentrancestothecompound.Duetopoverty,QuQiubai'sfamilylivedintheeastcourtyardoftheancestralhallfrom1912to1916.Therearewellsheusedinthemuseum,aswellaspreciousitemssuchasclothing,brushes,manuscripts,andphotographsheusedduringhislifetime.
Филм и телевизионно изображение
Филмът от 2011 г. „The FoundationingoftheParty“: XuHaiqiao играе QuQiubai;
The2014movie"Storm1927":LiuZhibingplayedQuQiubai;
Филмът от 2017 г. „The Foundationingofan Army“: BaiKeplaysQuQiubai.