Introduction
Scienceastheresearchobjectofscience,mainlyreferstonaturalscience,andbroadlyspeaking,itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience.Theemergenceofscienceofscienceoriginatedfromthesocialresearchofnaturalscience,andthedevelopmentofscienceofsciencemanifestedinthedevelopmentofresearchontherelationshipbetweennaturalscienceandsociety.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehaveproposedexpandingscienceastheobjectofscientificstudiestoincludeallsciencestophilosophy,andsomehavestartedresearchessuchassocialsciencesandphilosophy,butsofar,mostpeoplethinkthatscienceThesubjectofresearchisbasedonnaturalsciences.
Naturalscienceastheresearchobjectofscienceisabroadnaturalscience.Itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience,butalsoinvolvestechnicalandengineeringissuesthatarecloselyrelatedtonaturalscience.
Infact,thestudyofscienceofscienceisnotlimitedtoscienceandtechnologyitself,butincludesthefollowingthreemainaspects:oneisabouttheresearchofscienceandtechnology,andtheotherisaboutthetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalresearchresultstoactualproductivity.Thestudyoftransformation,thethirdisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomyandsociety.Theintegrationofthesethreeaspectsisthescientificandtechnologicalundertakingsinsociety.Therefore,tobemoreprecise,sciencecanbeunderstoodasasciencethattakestheentirescientificandtechnologicalundertakingastheobject,studiestheobjectivelawsofmovementofscienceandtechnologyitselfandtherelationshipbetweenscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety,andstudieshowtomakeuseofsuchobjectivelaws.Thescienceofapplyingprinciples,principlesandmethodstopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety.
Subjectcontent
Theresearchobjectandpurposeofscienceofsciencestipulatetwoaspectsofthemaincontentofscienceofscience:ontheonehand,thecontentofknowledgeaboutthecauseofscienceandtechnology,ontheotherhand,Howtousetheapplicationcontentofthisknowledge.Thecontentofknowledgeincludesthenature,characteristics,classification,systemstructure,socialfunction,developmentlaw,futuretrend,etc.ofscienceandtechnology.Theyaregeneralizationsandsummariesofthecognitionofobjectiveobjects,havetheformofsystemtheory,andconstitutethebasictheoryofscience,sothispartofitcanbecalledtheoreticalscience.Theapplicationcontentincludestheprinciples,principlesandmethodsofformulatingscienceandtechnologydevelopmentstrategies,plans,policies,andtheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyundertheguidanceofbasictheories,etc.Theyaretheuseoflawsandtheories,sothisbigPartofitcanbecalledAppliedScience.Usingthetheoreticalfoundationsandapplicationprinciplesprovidedbythesetwoaspects,itispossibletofurthercarryoutresearchondevelopmentaltopicsandguidethesolutionofvariousspecificproblemsinscientificandtechnologicalundertakings.
Sincethecontentoftheoreticalscienceandappliedscienceeachincludemanydifferentaspects,thein-depthandexpandedresearchandresearchresultsofthesedifferentaspectshaveformedmanyrelatedsciencesThesub-disciplineoflearning.Thebranchdisciplinesoftheoreticalsciencenowincludescientificsystems,scientificcompetence,scientificsociology,scientificeconomics,scientificlogic,scientometrics,scientificmethodology,scientificpsychology,scientificethics,scientificaesthetics,andsoon.Thesub-disciplinesofappliedsciencesincludesciencestrategy,scienceplanning,sciencepolicy,sciencesystemscience,sciencemanagementscience,sciencetalentscience,scienceeducationandsoon.However,theboundariesbetweentheoreticalscienceandappliedsciencearerelativeinmanyplaces,especiallybetweenbranchesofdisciplines,whichoftenoverlaporoverlaptovaryingdegrees.
Relatedinformation
Fromtheresearchcontentofscience,wecanunderstandtheimportanceofresearchingscience.Scienceofsciencecanhelppeopleincreasetheirawarenessandattentiontothesocialroleofscienceandtechnology;itcanprovideatheoreticalbasisforthecountrytoformulateroutes,strategies,andpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;itcanpromotetherationalizationandefficiencyoftheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnology;itcanhelpScienceandtechnologyresearchersexpandthebreadthofknowledge,advancethedepthofthinking,andimproveinnovationcapabilities,andsoon.Whenitcomestothekeypositionofscienceandtechnologyinmodernization,themeaningofscienceiseasiertounderstand.
Theresearchobject,purposeandcontentofthescienceofsciencejointlydeterminethenatureofthescienceofscience.Althoughtheresearchobjectofscienceofscienceisscienceandtechnology,itdoesnotstudyspecificspecializedscienceandtechnology,butregardsscienceandtechnologyasasocialphenomenonandsocialdepartmentalsystemandstudiesitfromasocialperspective.Therefore,thedisciplinarynatureofscienceisnotnaturalscience,butsocialscienceservingthedevelopmentofnaturalscience.However,asasocialscience,sciencehasitsparticularity;itnotonlyintersectswithnaturalsciences,butalsointersectswithvarioussocialsciences,andevenintersectswithmathematicsandevencertainengineeringtechniques.Therefore,althoughscienceofscienceisbasicallyasocialscience,itisalsoakindofcross-science.Itisacharacteristicofsoftscience,anditsdifferentbrancheshavedifferentemphasesandintersections.
Някои научни произведения са преведени и въведени в моята страна от 1940 г. насам. „Социалната функция на науката“ на Бърнард, преведена от Джан Зимей, е публикувана от търговската преса под заглавието „Наука и социализъм“ през 1950 г. Но до 1960 г. разпространението и изследването на науката в нашия брой През 1977 г. известният учен от моята страна Qian Xuesen публикува статия, призоваваща за развитие на научните изследвания. Оттогава науката навлезе в нов етап на бурно развитие в моята страна. Първият „Научен симпозиум“ се проведе в Пекин през юли 1979 г., а вторият rd и четвърти път се провеждат през 1981, 1983 и 1985 г. През 1979 г. ненационални" Science LiaisonGroup" беше създадена. През 1983 г. беше обявена "ChineseScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearchAssociation". Ученият професор QianSanqiang беше избран за председател на борда. До 1979 г. първото списание"ScienceandScienceandTechnologyManagementmagazine" излезе в Тиендзин и скоро бъде ijing също публикува „ScienceResearch“ и „ScienceTranslationSeries“, и двете са публикации на агенцията на Националната академия на науките. Сега има 20 научни списания в цялата страна. Много. ти, и WangXingcheng, и "Science Foundation? Punishment? 983", редактиран от XiaYulong, LiuJi, FengZhijun, ZhangNianchun и др., "Science" (1985), редактиран от GuanXipu и TangBuhua, и "IntroductiontoScienceCapability" (1984) от ZhaoHongzhou.
Althoughscienceofscienceisanewsubject,However,itsdevelopmentathomeandabroadisveryrapid,soithasitshistoricalbackgroundandpracticalreasons.Fromthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,sciencebegantowalkinfrontoftechnologyandproduction.Sincethe20thcentury,sciencehasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Obviouslyithasbecomethemainsourceofadvancedproductivity,thekeytothecountry’smodernization,thepillarofnationalstrength,andthefocusofinternationalcompetition.Theinfluenceofscienceisincreasingsignificantly,butatthesametimecertainnegativeeffectsofsciencehavebeendiscovered.InthiswayUnderthecircumstances,asBernardsaid,scienceneeds"self-awareness",itneedstostudyitsdevelopmentstrategy,anditneedstoenablesciencetobetterbenefitmankind.Therefore,itisnecessarytocorrectlyunderstandthestructureofscienceitself,understanditsrelationshipwithsocietyandThelawofitsmovement,thecorrectformulationofroutes,strategiesandpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheeffectiveorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyhavebecomeprominentissuesfacingeachcountry.ThisisthebasisfortherapiddevelopmentofscienceandThereasonwhyscienceofsciencehasgreatpracticalsignificance.