История на разпространението
Dynasty Tang
Първо откритие
In627,inChencangshan,FengxiangMansion,Shaanxi(InBeihan,Shigushan,BaojiCity,anoldshepherdfound10strangegraniteboulders.Thesehugestonebodiesareshapedlikedrums,roundandsquare,narrowinthetopandlargeinthebottom,about3feethigh,slightlyconvexinthemiddle,andpeculiarinappearance.Whatispuzzlingisthatwhenthesoilonalargerockiscleared,alargenumberofmysteriouswordsarerevealed,andthebrushworkissostrangethatnoonecanunderstandit.Asaresult,rumorsscattered,andstrangetheorieswerefrequent.Evenvillagerscamehereafterhearingthewind,burningincenseandbowingdown,astonishedasagod-givenfetish.
Sincethen,ChenCanghassuddenlybecomelively.Literatiandinkguestshavecomeheretogetaglimpseofwhattheyare,andexplorethewritingsonthestonetosearchforfamousscholars.Thereareevenbigplayershangingheavymoneytosolvepuzzles.However,themysteryofthetexthasnotonlybeenuncovered,buthasbecomemagicalthroughfolkrumors.
TheAnshiRebellion
Morethan100yearslater,the"AnshiRebellion"brokeout,andtheTangdynastywasprecariousintheflamesofwar.TangSuzong,whowasavoidingwarinYongcheng,heardtherumorsofthestonedrumandwascurious.Heorderedthestategovernmentofficialstotransportthe10strangestonestoChencangMountainandmovethemtothesouthofYongcheng,whichwaslaterthesouthofFengxiangCounty,andwasstationedhere.Ahundredofficialsofthecivilandmilitarytoenjoythefun.
ShiguwasmovedtoYongchenginjustafewmonths,anditwasintroublewiththeadventofwar.WhentherebelsapproachedFengxiang,hundredsofcivilandmilitaryofficialsoftheManchudynastyfled.Inordertoavoidthewar,Shiguwashurriedlymovedtothewildernesstobeburiedanddeclaredtobe"lost".Foratime,theworldregrettedit.
Изровете отново
Twoyearsafterthestonedrumwasburied,the"AnshiRebellion"wassettledandtheworldwaspeaceful.ThefateofChenCangShigualsousheredinaturningpoint.In806AD,thelocalofficialsvisitedtheburiedplaceofthestonedrumandaskedthefamousexpertsintheareatopresideovertheexcavation.HanYualsosentalettertothecourt,requestingthatthestonedrumbemovedtotheImperialCollegeinBeijingforsafekeepingandre-establishmentofhisacademicstudies.However,HanYu'srequestwasnottakenseriouslybythecourt,andthememorialwasbackloggedinthecourtfor8years.
In814AD,ZhengYuqingtookupthepostofFengxiangyin,part-timeGuoziJijiu,inchargeofnationalacademiceducationandculturalundertakings.HehappenedtoseeHanYu'smemorial,whichhadbeeninthedustforalongtime,andwasdeeplymovedbyit.Therefore,thecourtwasreplayed,hopingtoproperlykeeptheChenCangShigu.Asaresult,thestonedrumsexposedinthewildernessweremovedtothelocalConfucianTemple.
Therebirthofthestonedrumisalreadyeroded,andthehandwritingonthestonedrumisincomplete,whichhasattractedthesighofcountlessfamousscholars.What'sevenmoreregrettableisthatbecauseithasbeenabandonedinthewilderness,oneofthestonedrumsisunexpectedlylost.Thisistheoriginalstonedrumthatoncecausedasensationintheworldandoftencausedacademicdisputesinthepastdynasties.
Thenine-sidedstonedrumstayedunsteadyintheFengxiangConfucianTemple.Morethan90yearslater,theonceprosperousLiTangDynastysuddenlycollapsedinsuccessivewars.WhatisregrettableisthattheFengxiangConfucianTemplewasburneddownduringthewar,andtheninestonedrumshiddeninthetemplewerealsostolen.ChencangStoneDrum,re-escapedintheCaomangRiverandLakeinthetroubledtimes.
SongDynasty
TheNorthernSongDynastyCulturalRelicsFalsificationProjectРежисиран от бащата на SimaGuangSimaChi
WhentheNorthernSongDynastydominatedtheworldandgraduallywipedoutAftertheprincesofonesidewereseparated,theeconomyandcultureofthewholecountrywererestoredinjustafewdecadesandmadealeap.WhenSongRenzongconsultedthehistoricalarchivesleftoverfromthepreviousdynasty,heaccidentallydiscoveredalegendaboutthestonedrum,andhebecamekeenlyinterestedinthecentury-oldChencangstonedrum.
SongRenzongisawell-knownpaintingandcalligraphyemperorinChinesehistory.Hedidnothesitatetousehigh-rankingofficialstopaygenerouslytomaketheworld'stalentedpeoplesearchandfindthewhereaboutsofChenCangShigu.
След като Сима Чи, бащата на Сима Гуанг, който беше префект на Фенксианг по това време, научи новината, той даде всичко от себе си, за да намери легендарните 10 големи камъка, опитвайки се да спечели благоволението на краля.
Afterseveraltwistsandturns,SimachifinallybroughtbacktheChenCangShigu,whichhaddisappearedforahundredyears.Unfortunately,only9stonedrumswerefound,andtheoriginalstonedrumsthatwerelostasearlyastheendoftheTangDynastystillhavenotrace.
TheimpatientSimaChiusedaclumsytrick,privatelysendingcraftsmentocollectsimilarstonesovernight.Soon,heimitatedafake"originalstonedrum"withreferencetotherubbingsofstonedrums.ThistrickreallymadehimwinRenzong'spraiseforhisamazingwork.
It'sapitythatthewell-learnedSongRenzongandthefamousscholarswhocameherequicklydistinguishedtheforgedstonedrums.SimaChiwasawardedarewardforhisoutstandingachievements,andhewasconvictedofforgeryanddeceivingtheemperor.
Nine-facedstonedrumsappearedintheworld,andexperiencedaturmoilofforgery,sothemissing"OriginalStoneDrums"immediatelybecamefamousintheworld.Itisbelievedthatitsvaluecanbeoneenemynine,andthenitcausedthetyrantstospendthousandsofdollars.Jinlooksforthetrendof"makingoriginalstonedrums".However,itwasnotuntil1052,whenXiangChuanshi,aJinshicollector,arrivedinFengxiangthatthebrokenhistoryofShigugainedaturningpoint.
Изчезналият "ZuoyuanStoneDrum" е открит в къщата на месаря
XiangChuanshiwasawell-knowncollectorofgoldandstoneintheNorthernSongDynasty.TheoriginalrelationshipwiththestonedrumcamefromarubbingoftheTaishistonedrumtextheobtainedwithalotofmoney.Whencomparingtherubbingsofotherstonedrumsinhishand,heunexpectedlydiscoveredthatthisnewrubbingactuallyretainedthewords"astheoriginalstonedrum".Butinfact,the"OriginalStoneDrum"hasbeenlostformorethan200years,anditisimpossibleforanewrubbingtocomeout.Otherwise,howcouldSongRenzongpostyellowlistsallovertheworldforhigh-rankingofficialsandheavygold?
Thediscoveryoftherubbingofthe"OriginalStoneDrum"madeMasterXiangawakeallnight.Aftermanyinvestigations,itwasfinallyfoundthatthisrubbingoriginatedfromtheTaifamilyinGuanzhong.Forfearoflongnightsanddreams,heimmediatelypreparedhishorseandsetoff.
WhenhearrivedatTaishiVillage,hewascompletelystunnedbythesightinfrontofhim.ItturnedoutthattheTaishifamilyalldiedoftheplaguesixmonthsago.Inordertopreventthespreadoftheplague,thegovernmentburnedallTai'shouseandproperty.ThisbadnewsisathunderboltintheblueskyforXiangChuanshi,whohastraveledthousandsofmiles.
Hewasexhaustedphysicallyandmentallyandfoundaninntosettledowninaverydisappointedmood.Thenextmorning,MasterXiangwasawakenedbythesoundofsharpeningaknifefromthebackyard.Itturnedoutthatabutcheratthebackoftheinnwassharpeningaknife.Hewalkedtothedoorofthebutcher.Hesawthatthebutcherwassharpenedwithcoldlight.Whatsurprisedtheteacherwasthewhetstoneusedbythebutcher.Althoughitwaswornout,thereweresomeKindofastonedrumstyle.Heapproachedandtookacloserlook,andsomefamiliarhandwritingfaintlyappearedonthewhetstonewasfaintlydiscernible.Itturnsoutthatthisisthe"OriginalStoneDrum"thathasbeenmissingformorethan200yearsandhasattractedthelingeringdreamsofthepeopleofseveraldynastiesandgenerations.
Thestonedrumhaschangedbeyondrecognition.Theupperparthasbeencutoffbythevillagers,themiddleiscutintoaconcaveshapeforpoundingrice,andthetwobrokensidesontheupperpartareusedbythebutchertosharpenknives.Mostofthetextonthestonedrumwasrubbedoffanddamagedseverely,leavingonlytheremaining4linesoftext.
Soon,theprefectofFengxiangreceivedalettertothepreacher.So,theymobilizedsoldiersandrushedtoGuanzhongovernighttoprotectShiguandXiangChuanshibacktoFengxiang.ThenhesentShigutoBianliang.Forhismeritoriousworkinsearchingforstonedrums,MasterXiangreceivedmanyawardsfromthecourtandobtainedasetofrubbingsofstonedrums.
Досега 10-те каменни барабана най-накрая са събрани отново, но съдбата им да се отдалечават продължава.
Съдбата на ShiguDianpei е била трудна за спиране поради войните
SongHuizong,whoclaimstobe"theworld'sfirstscholar",isanothercalligraphyandpaintingoftheNorthernSongDynastyEmperor.OntheissueofShigu,henotonlyinheritedtheobsessionofSongRenzong,thepredecessor,butevenmorespoiled.In1110AD,afterthe"OriginalStoneDrum"wastransportedtothecapital,the10stonedrumswereofficiallytransferredtoTaixueforpreservation.Later,hemovedintotheBaoheHalltoaccompanyeachotherdayandnight.
Inthefuture,SongHuizongunexpectedlycameupwithawhim,andorderedthefillingofgoldbetweenthetextslotsonthe10stonedrumsandagoldenbodyforit.
DuringthechangeofJingkang,JinbingattackedBianliang,tooktheEmperorHuiandQinabducted,andwasescortedtoprisonintheNortheastWasteland.The10stonedrumswereregardedastreasuresbythegoldsoldiersbecauseofthegoldfilledinthedrumbody,andfollowedthelootedEmperorHuiqinandmovednorth.
AfterthestonedrumsweretransportedtoYanjing,thegoldpeoplewhodidnotknowtheCentralPlainsculturedidnotdiscoveritsvalue.Theyonlyremovedthegoldfilledonthestonedrumsanddiscardedtheminthewilderness.Sofar,Shiguwaslostforthethirdtimeduetowar.
Династии Юан, Мин и Цин
Скриване в Янджинг
In1234,thecombinedforcesoftheSouthernSongandMongoliaattackedYanjingandfollowedthearmyBychance,WangLi,thedoctorofthecensorship,discovered10stonedrumshiddenintheruins.WangQiwasborninFengxiangguoCounty(nowChencangDistrict,BaojiCity),andhadthesamerootandoriginasShigu.HekeptitintheConfucianTempleandaskedforspecialcaregiver.AftertheYuan,Ming,andQingdynasties,ShiguneverleftBeijing.
Modern
However,thestabledaysofthe10-facedstonedruminBeijingonlylasteduntilthe1930s.AftertheJapanesewarofaggressionagainstChinabrokeout,the10stonedrumscontinuedtomovealongwiththeNationalTreasuresoftheForbiddenCity.AfterashortstayinNanjing,theyweretransportedtoChongqingwithdifficulty.
AfterthevictoryoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,thesestonedrumsweretransportedbacktoNanjingfromChongqing.Dangersaboundedduringthetransportation.Thecarcarryingthestonedrumhasexperiencedtworolloveraccidents,andthe10stonedrumsalmostsufferedanothercalamity.
AftertheLiberationWarbrokeout,ChiangKai-sheksawthatthegeneralsituationwasover,andmadepreparationstoretreatinahurry,andtransportedalargenumberofnationaltreasuresandculturalrelicstoTaiwan.Atthistime,ChenCangShigu,whichhadbeensentbacktoBeijing'sForbiddenCityforcustody,washurriedlytransportedtotheairport.Butbeforetakeoff,thepilotreportedthattheplanewasseriouslyoverloadedandcouldnotguaranteeflightsafety.Afterrepeateddiscussionswithagroupofpeople,the10stonedrumshadtobeleftbehind,andtheywereeventuallypreserved.
ThefateofShigu’sdriftinganddriftinghasalwaysbeencloselyrelatedtothesufferingsthattheChinesenationhasexperienced.Thefragmentedhistoryitcarriesandtheunsolvedmysteriesshrouditmakeitintheupsanddownsofhistory.Itismoreuniqueandpreciousinthetide.
Characteristicsofculturalrelics
Therearetenstonedrums,twofeethigh,andmorethanonefootindiameter.Theylooklikeabulge,butthetopisthin,thebottomisthickandthetopisslightlyrounded(actuallyintheshapeofablock),duetotheinscriptionThereisalotoftalkaboutfishingandhunting,soitisalsocalled"hunting."Thefour-characterpoem,whichisdividedintotenpoemsinXianwen,hasmanycharactersthathavebeenobliterated,andthereisnocharacterintheninthdrum.
Въпреки че текстът на 10-лицевия каменен барабан е самостоятелен, това е известна връзка. Това е дълго стихотворение, описващо лова на аристократичната класа от династията Цин. Поемите с два каменни барабана („Хиляда Миан барабан“ и „Чегонг барабан“) са сравнително завършени.
"Miangu"describesthebeautifulsceneryofQianheRiver.Theoriginalmeaningoftheoriginaltextis:"Underthecurvaceouswillows,thegurglingwaterinLiheisclearandtransparent,catfishandcarpareingroupsinthewater,thegentlemanisfishing,therearemanysmallfishswimmingslowly,andthewhitefisharerushingtoeat.Waterplants,yellowandwhitefishandfish,theshadowsareclearlyvisibleontherocksatthebottomoftheriver."Thisisabeautifulmood,whichmakespeoplesighandintoxicate."ChegongDrum"describesthesceneofQinGongouthunting.ShengYan'smanyvehicles,thebeautyofthehornedbowandthesceneofshootingarrowswiththebowandchasingtheprey.
"TiancheDrum":Описание на великото сафари на QinGong и неговия антураж.
"LuangDrum": Това е описание на преминаването на QinGong през Guocheng. Luangcar висят средни лъкове и червени стрели и хора, събрани, за да предлагат плячка. По това време тълпата не харесва бариерата и е много оживена.
"YuyuDrum":AdescriptionofwhatQinGongandhisentouragesawfromalowplacewhentheywalkedtheLiheRiver.
„Като оригиналния барабан“: Описва сцената на поправка на оригиналното място в планината.
"WuPeople'sDrum": Това е описание на хора, които се втурват да се жертват за QinGong.
"MyWaterDrum":DescribesthebeautifulriversandmountainsofQinStatewithclearwatersandflatroads.
"TeacherDrum": Разказване на стихове на QinGong.
"MaJiangu":Описание на сцената на престрелките при връщане от лов.
Знаци на каменния барабан
Каменни надписи
Поради думите на каменния барабан, стойността на каменния барабан се удвои, което беше силно възхвалявано от учените и писателите по онова време. „Книгопрекъсване“ на ZhangHuai-wan казва: „„Каменният барабан Wen“ отваря и затваря древните текстове, smo откровено и остро, но е право и бързо, като желязна игла, но е меко и нежно."" „Каменният барабан“ е като златен пръстен и ZhicaoTuanyu не е проблем да се поправи сам.“ По онова време калиграфи като YuShinan, ChuSuiliang, OuyangXun и др.всички се възхищаваха на каменния барабан и го копираха лично. Има колекция от ZhaoMengfuin the Yuan Dynasty. като DuFu, SuShi, HanYu и др., написаха стихове за Shigu.
"ZhangShengholdsthestonedruminscription,persuadingmetotrythestonedrumsong"—HanYu'swordsrecordthehistoryofQinbeforeunification.
Stonedrumwriting,alsoknownas"Liejie"or"YongyiCarvedStone",istheearliestextantstoneinscriptioninChina.Withoutaspecificdate,bothWeiYingwuofTangDynastyandHanYu's"StoneDrumSong"areconsideredtobestonecarvingsintheperiodofKingZhouXuan.SongDynastyOuyangXiu's"ShiguPostscript"hasthreedoubts,butstillbelievesthatitbelongstoZhouXuanWangShiShiLai.SongZhengQiao's"TongZhilue"believedthatthe"StoneDrum"wasapre-Qinthing,madeafterKingHuiwenandbeforeShiHuang.BothLuoZhenyu's"ShiguwenTextualResearch"andMaXulun's"ShiguwenShuji"areconsideredtobeartifactsofQinWengong'stime,andtheyarenotverydifferentfromWeiandHan's,onlyseventeenyears.AccordingtoGuoMoruo'stextualresearch,the"Shigu"waswrittenintheeighthyearofQinXianggong,whichisclosertoKingXuan.ThedifferenceisduetoShiLai'shandwritingorQinChen'shandwritingatthetimeofKingXuan.
Hisbookishand-writtenbyShiLai.Hispostureisgrandiose,roundandunrestrained,withvigoroustemperament,strongandsoft,andtheancientMaoissimpleandunpretentious.Horizontalandvertical,rigorousandneat,makinggooduseofthecenter,thestrokethicknessisbasicallythesame,somearesymmetricalandstraight,andsomecharactersarejagged,closetoXiaozhuanwithouttherigidityofXiaozhuan.Intermsofthelayoutofthecomposition,althoughthecharactersareindependent,buttheyalsonoticedtherelationshipbetweenupanddown,leftandright,andthestrengthofthepenisextremelyprominentinthestonecarvings.Intheancientcalligraphy,itcanbecalleduniqueandunique.of.
KangYouweicalledit"likethelandofthegoldendynasty,thecloudofgrassandgrass,itdoesnotbotherme,anditisunique."Hiscalligraphyisthecharactersofthetransitionperiodfromthebigsealtothesmallseal.Chasingbigsealsandgoingtoschoolforsmallseals,nothingislost.Latergenerationsofseallearnersareregardedasauthentic,andallofthemarestudying.YangYisun,WuDacheng,WuChangshuo,WangFu'an,etc.areallabletodothis.
Rubbings
TherubbingsofstonedruminscriptionsexistedintheTangDynasty,buttheyhavenotbeenhandeddown.SongAnguo'scollectionofstonedrumsfromSongDynastywassoldbyQinWenjinoftheRepublicofChinatoTsuenluKawai,Tokyo,Japan.Inaddition,theearlyrubbingscirculatedinthesocietyincludetheNorthernSongDynasty's"Pioneer","Zhongquan",and"Stamina".Amongthem,theTianyiPavilionTibetanNorthernSongDynastyTuocun422-charactercopyisthemost.However,theoriginalTakuyahaslost,andnowIcanonlyseethephotosofthesethreerubbingscollectedbyGuoMoruoinJapaninthe1930s.TheSongrubbing"Pioneer"inthecollectionofAnguo,andaphotocopyoftheOldCommercialPressandCulturalRelicsPublishingHouse,areincludedinthebook"StoneDrumLiteratureResearch"byGuoMoruo.Therearephotocopiesof"Zhongquan"bytheShanghaiYiyuanZhenshouSocietyandtheJapaneseYakudoHall.Thereisaphotocopyof"Stamina"inthe"BookMarksSeries"publishedbytheZhonghuaBookCompanyandNixuanshaofJapan.Thethirdissueof"Calligraphy"in1984,ShanghaiCalligraphyandPaintingPublishingHouse,alsopublishedtheSongTuophotocopyofShiguwen.
Controversyoverculturalrelics
ControversyOne
Theageofstonedrumcarvinghasnotbeenfinalized.WeiYingwuandHanYu’s"StoneDrumSong""ItisconsideredtobeastonecarvedduringtheperiodofKingZhouXuan,andOuyangXiu's"ShiguPostscript"isalsoconsideredtobetheworkofZhouXuanKingShiShiLai.LuoZhenyu's"StoneGuwen"isconsideredtobethetimeofQinWengong,ortheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesinthe6thcenturyAD.GuoMoruothoughtofthetimeofQinXianggong,andTangLankaoregardeditastheinscriptioninthe11thyearofQinXiangong(374BC).MaHeng,theformerdeanofthePalaceMuseum,identifiedthestonedrumsinthePre-Qinperiodinthe"StoneGuWenqinInscriptionsonStones",butthespecificdatesaredifferent.
Спор 2
The10bigstonesshouldbeordered,andthe10longpoemscarvedonthestonedrumnaturallyhavetheirorder.Unfortunately,whenShiguwasdiscoveredinthewilderness,noonepaidmuchattentiontothisdetail.Afterwards,itmigratedseveraltimes,whichmadethetextualresearchmoredifficult.
Въпреки това, учените от миналите династии все още са назовавали първите два героя въз основа на думите на каменния барабан, а именно 汧沔gu, стругован барабан, Tianchedrum, Luanchedrum, Zhiyudrum, Zuoyuandrum., И Shigu, MaJiangu, Wushuigu, Wurengu. По-късно учените на Jinshimadeavaria от версиите за тях, но те не успяха да убедят света.
Оценка на културни реликви
Едно от националните съкровища на нашите градове,"Dongfanghong" на Великата империя Qin.
AsfortheexactdateofShiguwen,scholarshavebeendiscussingandproposingvariousopinionsforthousandsofyears.Sofar,thereisnodefiniteconclusionthatcanbeagreedbyeveryone.ManyscholarsbelievethatitistheworkofQinJinggong.Mr.GaoMingdiscussedthisissueagainandputforwardnewinsights.Heisbasedonthethreeevidencesofthestonedrumcharacter,thecarvingtoolsandthetitleofQinJun.
ItisbelievedthatthetimeofstonedruminscriptionsshouldbeinthelateWarringStatesperiod.KingHuiwenQinistheonlyonewhocanbecalledboththepublicandtheheir.Thisismoreinlinewiththecontentofthestonedruminscriptions.Thecharactercharacteristicsandcarvingtoolsalsobelongtothisperiod.Mr.TangLanoncepointedoutthatbothChuWenandShiHuangcarvedstonescameoutlate,andbelievedthatthestonedrumshouldbeinthefirstfourcenturies(thetimeofofferingtothepublic).GilbertLMattos(MaJidao),whenstudyingQinShigu,alsobelievedthattheatmosphereofstonecarvingappearedrelativelylateinChina,sothestonedrumshouldbeaworkofthefirstfivecenturies.ThecombinationofthisinsightandcleverperspectivecanprovideamorereasonableexplanationfortheargumentthatShiguwenwasproducedinthelateWarringStatesperiod.