Concept
Technologydevelopment:referstotheuseofexistingknowledgegainedfromresearchandpracticalexperienceortheintroductionoftechnologyfromoutsidetoproducenewproducts,devices,andestablishnewprocessesandMakesubstantialimprovementssystematically.Somelargeforeigncompaniesorcompanies,suchasIBM,Panasonic,Siemens,Microsoftandothercompanieshaveestablishedspecializedtechnologydevelopmentinstitutions.Inthefiercecompetition,theyhaveseizedtheopportunitytoformtheirownhumanaccumulation,makingitdifficultforotherstoimitateandsurpass.Ensurethecompetitiveadvantageoftheenterprise.
DevelopmentandInnovation
Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweentechnologicaldevelopmentandtechnologicalinnovation.Technologicalinnovationisaneconomicandtechnologicalactivityrelatedtotheresearchanddevelopment,productionandcommercialapplicationofnewtechnologies.Theyarenotonlyconcernedabouttheinventionofanewtechnology,butmoreimportantly,incorporatingtheresultsoftechnologicalinventionintoeconomicactivities,formingcommodities,openingmarkets,andachievingeconomicbenefits.
Severalrelationshipsbetweentechnologicaldevelopmentandtechnologicalinnovationshouldbehandledwell:
1. Връзката между технологичните иновации и управлението на научните изследвания
Intheprocessoftechnologicalinnovation,therelationshipbetweentechnologicalinnovationandscientificresearchmanagementmustbeclarified:
1)Technologicalinnovationmustbebasedonthecompany’sexistingtechnology.Howtodeterminethepositioningoftechnologicalinnovationisdirectlyrelatedtothecompany’sdevelopmentstrategy,Isalsothekeytothesuccessfuldevelopmentofthistechnology.
2)Scientificresearchmanagementmuststrictlycontroltherandomnessandunpredictabilitybroughtaboutbytechnologicalinnovation.
3)Technologicalinnovationmustbeestablishedonthebasisofstandardizedscientificresearchmanagement.
2. Връзката между технологичните иновации и пазарната ориентация
1)Technologydevelopmentmustbemarket-oriented,andnewtechnologiesandnewproductsexistonlywhenthereismarketdemandspace.
2)Priortotheestablishmentoftechnologicaldevelopmentandinnovationprojects,allinformationchannelsmustbemobilizedtounderstandthecurrentmarketdemand,andtopredictacertainamountofmarketdemandfortheadvancedevelopmentmargin.
3)Intheprocessoftechnologicaldevelopment,changesinmarketdemandshouldbetracked,andalldevelopmentandresearchprocessesmustbeadjustedaccordinglywithmarketchanges.
4)Ifpossible,onthebasisofsufficientpredictionanddemonstration,themarketcanbecreatedthroughtechnologicaldevelopmentandinnovationtoguidethetrendofconsumerdemand.
3.Връзката между системната оптимизация и локалната оптимизация
Whenmakingtechnologicaldevelopmentandinnovationdecisions,weshouldcomprehensivelyanalyzeandconsidermarketdemandandtechnicalreserves,Capitalstatus,equipmentstatus,anddevelopmentcycleandotherimportantfactors,asfaraspossibleinthecurrentsituationtocomprehensivelyconsiderthesystem,asfaraspossibletoachievethebestoverallenterprisesystem.
Обекти на разработка
В предприятията, обектите на разработка на технологии са различни, главно както следва:
Разработване на продукта
b>Productdevelopmentincludesdevelopingnewproductsandreformingoldproducts.Producingproductsthatareneededbythesocietyandwelcomedbyusers,thatis,productsthataremarketable,aretheconditionsforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofanenterprise.Therefore,thetechnologicaldevelopmentoftheenterprisemustbecarriedoutaroundtheimportantgoaloftheproduct.Ontheonehand,productdevelopmentmustvigorouslyresearch,design,andmanufacturenewproductsanddevelopnewvarieties;ontheotherhand,attentionmustbepaidtothetransformationofoldproducts.Someoldproductshaveoutdatedtechnology,usersarenolongerapplicable,andtheyarenoteconomicaltouse.Thisshouldbeeliminated.Forsomeoldproducts,aslongastheyareproperlyimprovedinsomedesignstructures,processes,materials,anduse,suchasimprovingtheperformanceoftheoriginalproducts,improvingtheappearance,appropriatelyincreasingproductfunctions,changingmaterials,andreducingcosts,theycanstillbeaffected.Userwelcome.
Разработване на оборудване и инструменти
Equipmentandtoolsaretheproductionmethodsofenterprisesandtheimportantmaterialandtechnologicalbasisofmodernproduction.Technicaldevelopmentofenterpriseequipmentandtoolsisanimportantlinktoimprovethemodernizationlevelofenterpriseproductionandeconomicbenefits.Thedevelopmentofequipmentandtoolsincludestwocontents:oneisthedesignandmanufactureofvariousadvancednewspecialequipmentandtools;theotheristhepartialtransformationandrenewalofthecompany’sexistingequipment.Thisistomeettheneedsofnewproductdevelopment,improvingproductionefficiency,ensuringandimprovingproductquality,savingenergyandrawmaterialconsumption.
Развитие на производствения процес
Thisreferstotheuseofnewscientificandtechnologicalachievementstoimproveandinnovatetheprocessingandmanufacturingmethods,technologiesandprocessesofproducts.Thedevelopmentofproductiontechnologyisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingproductionefficiencyandproductquality,reducinglaborconsumption,reducingcosts,improvinglaborconditions,andpromotingproductiondevelopment.Thecontentofdevelopmentgenerallyincludesprocessmethods,processesandoperatingskillsoflaborers,aswellasprocessequipment.Processdevelopmentiscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofproductionequipment.Advancedprocessesrequirematerialmeanstorealizenewphysicalandchemicalprocessingmethods,thatis,certainprocessesmustalwaysberealizedwithcertainequipmentandtools.Forexample,aswellassub-processingmethodsinsteadofcuttingprocessingmethods,itisnecessarytodevelopnewextrusionequipmenttomeettherequirementsoftheextrusionprocess.However,itisnotonlyinthecaseoflarge-scaletransformationofnewequipmentororiginalequipmentthatanewprocesscanberealized.Insomecases,theoriginalequipmentcanbemodifiedslightlyorevenwithoutmodification,thenewprocesscanalsobeadopted.
Разработване на енергийни и суровини
Thisreferstotheutilizationanddevelopmentofenergyandrawmaterials.Energyisanimportantconditionforenterprisestorealizeproductproduction,andrawmaterialsarethemainmaterialelementsthatconstituteproductproduction.Intheproductionprocess,energyandrawmaterialstransfertheirownmaterialconsumptionplusthevaluetransferredtotheproducttothevalueoftheproduct,andbecomethemaincomponentofthevalueoftheproduct.Therefore,thequalityofenergyandrawmaterialconsumptionhasanimportantimpactonthevalueandusevalueoftheproduct,anditisanimportantwaytoreducethecostoftheproduct.Especiallyforthosecompaniesthatconsumealotofenergyandrawmaterials,whichaccountforalargeproportionofthecostoffinishedproducts,andthesourcesofrawmaterialsarerelativelytight,theyshouldstartfromtheaspectsofproduction,technology,equipmenttransformation,etc.,andimprovetheutilizationofenergyandrawmaterials.Inordertoreduceconsumption,weshouldactivelydevelopnewenergyandnewmaterials,anddevelopalternativematerials.
Развитие за подобряване на производствената среда
Thisreferstothedevelopmentoftechnologyineliminatingpollution,improvingtheworkingconditionsofemployees,andpreventingoccupationaldiseases.Effectiveuseofvariousadvancedtechnologiestoimprovetheproductionenvironmentofenterprisesisanecessaryconditionforenterpriseproduction.Agoodproductionenvironmentisbeneficialtothesocietyandtheenterprise.Itcanmobilizetheenthusiasmofemployeesandimproveproductionefficiency.
Tosumup,theobjectoftechnologydevelopmentisverywide.Generallyspeaking,productdevelopmentshouldbethemostimportantcontent.Thisisbecauseproductsareaconcentratedexpressionofthecompetitivenessofanenterpriseinthemarket.Atthesametime,productdevelopmentcanplaya"leading"role.Focusingonthedevelopmentofnewproductsandreformingoldproductswillinevitablydriveproductionequipmentandtools,productionprocesses,andenergy.Andthedevelopmentofvarioustechnologicaldevelopmentcontentsuchasrawmaterialsandproductionenvironment.Ofcourse,eachenterpriseshouldaccuratelychoosethefocusoftechnologicaldevelopmentaccordingtoitsownsituation,sothattechnologicaldevelopmentcanachievethebesteconomicresults.
Пътища на развитие
Въпреки че специфичните методи за разработване на технологии от предприятието са различни, няма много начини да ги обобщим. Има основно следните четири.
Подход за развитие на иновативни технологии
Thisreferstotakingscienceandtechnologyastheforerunner,andcreatingnewinventionsbasedontheindependentscientificresearchcarriedoutbytheenterprise.technology.Manycontemporaryemergingtechnologiesandcutting-edgetechnologies,suchasaerospacetechnology,computertechnology,nucleartechnology,etc.,wereproducedanddevelopedaftermajorbreakthroughsinbasicscience.Theseemergingtechnologiesandcutting-edgetechnologiesaresignificantlydifferentfromprevioustechnologies.Theyarenotthetransformationandimprovementoftraditionaltechniques,butarecompletelytheproductofmodernscience.Thewaysinwhichthesetechnologiesaregeneratedstartfrombasicresearch,gothroughappliedresearch,andaftermajorbreakthroughshavebeenmadeinappliedresearch,extensivetechnologicaldevelopmentiscarriedoutthroughdevelopmentresearch,sothatthetechnologycanbepromotedandapplied.Ifanenterprisewantstomaintainitsleadingpositionintechnologyamidstfiercecompetition,itmustattachimportancetothisoriginaltechnologydevelopmentapproach,becauseitsresultsoftenrepresentthetrendofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,manifestedasbrand-newtechnology,brand-newproducts,brand-newThecraftsmanship,brandnewmaterials.However,theoriginaltechnologydevelopmentapproachstartedfrombasicresearch,scientificresearchisdifficult,time-consuming,expensiveandexpensive,andrequireshighqualityofscientificresearchpersonnel,whichisnotsomethingordinaryenterprisescando.Forlarge-scaleenterpriseswithfavorableconditions,inordertomaintainaleadingpositionintechnology,greatereffortscanbeinvestedinthisdevelopmentapproach.Formostsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,theymainlyobtaintheresultsofappliedresearchfromoutsidetheenterprise,andthenorganizethepromotionandapplicationoftheresultswithintheenterprise.
Подход за разработване, базиран на въведение
Thisreferstotheintroductionandtransferofnewtechnologiesfromoutsidetheenterprise(foreigncountries,outsideregions,andoutsideunits).Theintroductionofadvancedtechnologyfromabroadcannarrowthegapbetweenmycountry’sscienceandtechnologylevelanddevelopedcountries,andacceleratemycountry’smodernizationprocess;theintroductionoftechnologyfromoutsidetheenterprisecanspeedupthetechnologicalprogressoftheenterpriseandincreasethecompetitivenessoftheenterprise;becausetheintroducedtechnologyhasbeenapplied,thetechnologyTheadvancednatureandeconomyofthetechnologyhavebeenconfirmed,sotheriskoftechnologicaldevelopmentissmall,anditiseasytoachieveresultsquickly.Thecontentintroducedcanbetechnicalknowledge(includingproductdesign,manufacturingprocess,testingtechnology,materialformulation,hiringexperts,trainers,completetechnicalequipment,cooperativescientificresearch,cooperativeproduction,etc.),ortechnicalequipment(includingstand-alone,completesets,etc.)Equipment,completeprojects,etc.),ortherighttouseindustrialpropertyrights(suchaspatents,trademarks),etc.Themethodsofintroductioninclude"transplantation"(introductionofcompletesetsorkeytechnologies,andequipmentusedbytheengineeringandtechnicalpersonneloftheenterprise),"grafting"(combinationofnewtechnologicalachievementsimportedfromtheoutsideoftheenterprisewithrelevanttechnologicalachievementsoftheenterprise),and"insertion"."Articles"(introducingpreliminaryresearchresultsfromtheoutside,furthercultivatingtheminthecompany,andfinallyformingproducts),"mating"(cooperatingwithforeigncountries,regions,andforeignunitstoresearchanddeveloptogethertoobtaincommonscientificandtechnologicalresults).Companiesshouldchoosethesemethodsflexiblyaccordingtotheirownneedsandconditions,andpayattentiontoputtingtheabsorptionanddigestionoftheimportedtechnologyfirst.Onthisbasis,theimportedtechnologycanbedevelopedandinnovated,andthetechnologysystemofthecompanycanbeestablishedorincorporated.
Подход за цялостно разширяване на технологиите за развитие
Thisreferstotechnologydevelopmentthroughtheintegrationandextensionofexistingtechnologiestoformnewtechnologies.
Comprehensivetechnologydevelopmentapproachreferstotheintegrationoftechnology,thatis,combiningtwoormoreexistingtechnologiestocreateandinventnewtechnologiesornewproducts.ThismethodhasbeenconsideredbymanyexpertsasanimportantfeatureoftechnologicalinnovationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Thecomprehensivedepartmentoftechnologyisfurtherdividedintotwoways:(1)Singletransplantationandmutualcombination.Generally,acertaintechnologyorproductisthemainbody,resultinginanewtechnologyorproductwithsuperiorperformance.Forexample,withmechanicalequipmentasthemainbody,electronictechnologyistransplantedtomechanicalequipmenttoproduceCNCmachinetools,industrialrobots,etc.Inanotherexample,aballpointpenisequippedwithanelectronicwatchtobecomeamultifunctionalelectronicwatchpen.(2)Integrationofmultipledisciplinesandtechnologies.Generallyreferstohigh-leveltechnicalintegrationwithlargetechnicaldifficultiesandlargetechnicalscales.Theresultsareoftenlargeandcomplextechnologiesorproducts.Forexample,thedevelopmentofoffshoreoildrillingequipmentistheresultofahighlytechnicalintegrationofmultipledisciplinessuchasmechanics,optics,electricity,computers,informationtransmission,energymedia,andenvironmentalprotection.
Extendedtechnologydevelopmentreferstothedevelopmentofexistingtechnologiestothedepth,strength,andscaleoftechnology.Forexample,mechanicalprocessingequipmentisdevelopedtowardoperatingspeed,andmoreandmorehigh-speed,high-efficiencyequipmentisdeveloped;trainingequipmentisdevelopedtowardlargevolume,andablastfurnacewithavolumeofmorethan4,000cubicmetersisdeveloped;computingequipmentisdevelopedtowardcomputingspeed.Electroniccomputerswithbillionsofoperationspersecondhavebeendeveloped;integratedcircuitshavebeendevelopedtowardsintegration,andverylargescaleintegratedcircuitswithanintegrationdegreeofmillionsofhavebeendeveloped,andsoon.
Althoughthecomprehensiveandextendedtechnologydevelopmentpathisbasedontheexistingtechnology,itisalsoaninnovation.Comparedwiththeoriginaltechnologydevelopmentpathinitiatedfrombasicresearch,itisdifficulttodevelop.Obviousadvantagesofsmall,lowcost,shorttimeandquickresults.Therefore,generalenterprisesshouldpayattentiontocomprehensiveandextendedtechnologicaldevelopmentpathswhenengagingintechnologicaldevelopment.
Обобщение и подобряване на подхода за технологично развитие
Thisreferstothedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesthroughthesummaryandimprovementofproductionpractices.Generally,itreferstosmallreformactivitieswithsmallinnovations,smallsuggestions,smallinventions,etc.asthemainbody.Mostoftheseactivitiesarebasedonthesummaryofproductionpracticeexperience.Althoughtheprinciplesofmoderntechnologyareformedunderscientificguidance,practicalexperienceisstillanindispensableandimportantfactor.Withtheimprovementoftheculturalandscientificknowledgeofthebroadmassesofemployees,thetechnologyemergedfrommasssmallreformsandsmallreforms.Theresultswillsurelyincreasegradually,reachingacertainlevel,whichwillsurelyleadtotheimprovementoftheoveralltechnicalqualityoftheenterprise.Therefore,thesummaryandimprovementofproductionpracticeexperienceshouldbeincorporatedintothenormalwayofenterprisetechnologydevelopment,whichisconducivetostimulatingtheenthusiasmofthemajorityofemployeesandtrainingandimprovingtheircreativeability.
Условия за развитие
За да постигнат очакваните резултати, предприятията трябва да отговарят на определени условия за извършване на дейности за технологично развитие.
Екип по наука и технологии
Thisisthemostbasicconditionfortechnologicaldevelopment.Aqualifiedscientificandtechnologicalteamshouldmeettwobasicrequirements,thatis,theremustbeacertainnumberandareasonableteamstructure.
1.Thereshouldbeacertainnumberofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelengagedintechnologicaldevelopmentinanenterprise,thatis,scientificandtechnicalpersonnelshouldaccountforacertainproportionofthetotalnumberofemployeesintheenterprise.mycountry'slarge-scaleenterpriseshavealargenumberofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnel,withrelativelycompleteprofessionalcategoriesandbetterconditions.However,ingeneral,smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseshaveasmallnumberofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnel,andtechnologicaldevelopmentismoredifficult.Therefore,theformationofatechnologydevelopmentteamisanurgenttaskfacedbymanycompanies.Themainsourcesofscientificandtechnicalpersonnelspecializingintechnologydevelopmentinanenterprisearefirstlyrecruitedfromoutsidetheenterprise;instead,apartoftheexistingtechnicalpersonnelisselectedtoengageintechnicaldevelopmentactivities;thethirdistoselectandselectfrom"skilledcraftsmen"withpracticalexperience.Trainpeoplewhospecializeintechnologydevelopmentactivities.
2.Thestructureofthescientificandtechnologicalteammustberationalized.ThestructureofthescienceandtechnologyteamgenerallyreferstotherelationshipbetweenthemainSovietsandtheircomponents.Onlywithareasonablestructurecanthecollectiveroleofthescientificandtechnologicalteambeeffectivelybroughtintoplayandbetterbenefitscanbeachieved.Therationalizationoftheenterprisetechnologyteamstructurecanbeinvestigatedfromthefollowingaspects:
First,thesubjectstructure.Thismainlyreferstotheproportionofvarioustypesofprofessionalsinthescientificandtechnologicalteam.Asmodernscienceandtechnologyhaveahighlyintegratedandhighlydifferentiateddevelopmenttrend,anddisciplinespenetrateandintersecteachother,manyscientificresearchanddevelopmenttopicsoftenrequirethejointresearchofvariousprofessionalpersonneltocarryout.Therefore,corporateresearchersneedavarietyofprofessionalstoparticipate,andareasonableprofessionalstructureisneeded.
Second,functionalstructure.Thismainlyreferstotheproportionofworkersengagedinscientificresearchofdifferentnature.Mainlyinclude:scientificresearchpersonnelwithdeeptheoreticalfoundation;engineeringandtechnicalpersonnelwithrichengineeringandtechnicalexpertise;scientificmanagementandeconomicmanagementpersonnelwhospecializeintechnologydevelopmentandmanagement.Inthescientificteamstructure,thesethreetypesofpersonnelshouldhaveanappropriateproportiontoensurethecoordinationoftechnologicaldevelopment.
Third,energylevelorganization.Mainlyreferstotheproportionofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelwithdifferentlevelsofknowledgeandability.Intheprocessoftechnologydevelopment,itisnecessarytohaveseniorscientificandtechnicalpersonnel(seniorengineers)asacademicleadersandcommanders;intermediatescientificandtechnicalpersonnel(engineers)astechnicalbackbones;andacertainnumberofjuniorscientificandtechnicalpersonnel(assistantengineers)Andassistivetechniciansasassistants.Ifthereareinsufficienthigh-levelandintermediate-levelscientificandtechnicalpersonnel,thelevelofthescientificandtechnologicalteamcanbeimproved;ifthereareinsufficientjuniorscientificandtechnicalpersonnel,theenergyofhigh-levelandintermediate-levelscientificandtechnicalpersonnelwillbeconsumedingeneraltechnicalwork,whichwillresultinawasteoftalents.Therefore,theremustbeareasonableproportionofthethreetypesofscientificandtechnicalpersonnelathigh,intermediateandjuniorlevelsinordertoensurethatthecapabilitiesofalltypesofpersonnelcanbefullyutilized.
Fourth,agestructure.Mainlytheproportionofthreetypesofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnel:old,middle-aged,andyoung.Peopleofdifferentageshavedifferentcharacteristicsandadvantages.Thescientificandtechnologicalteamisproperlyassembledintermsofage,butthespecialstrengthsandadvantagesofpeopleofdifferentagesarebroughtintoplay,therebyimprovingtheefficiencyoftheentireenterprise'stechnologydevelopment.
Inordertoadapttothedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,regulareducationandtrainingshouldbecarriedoutforin-servicescientificandtechnicalpersonnel,sothattheycanobtainnewknowledgeintimeandcontinuouslyimprovetheirintelligence.
Фондове за технологично развитие
Intechnologicaldevelopmentactivities,varioushuman,material,andfinancialresourcesarealwaysconsumed.ThecurrencyperformanceoftheseresourcesItistechnologydevelopmentfunds.Theamountoftechnologydevelopmentfundingisanimportantindicatorofthestrengthofanenterprise'stechnologydevelopment.mycountry'senterprisesgenerallylackfunds,sothecontradictionbetweentheneedfortechnologydevelopmentandthefundingislong-standing.Properlyhandlingthecontradictionbetweenthemisanimportantissueinthemanagementoftechnologydevelopment.Enterprisetechnologydevelopmentfundsshouldberaisedfrommultiplesources,generallyfromthefollowingcentralizedsources.
First,variousprojectfundssupportedbynationalandlocalfinances.Thispartofthefundsismainlyusedformajorandcomprehensivetechnologicaldevelopmentprojects.Thecompaniesthatcangetthistypeoffundingarelimited.
Second,raisefundsfromwithintheenterprise.Thisisthemainsourceoffundingforenterprisetechnologydevelopment.Thispartofthesourceoffundingwillincreasewiththeexpansionofbusinessautonomyandtheimprovementofefficiency.
Third,revenuefromtechnologycontracts.Thismainlyincludesincomefromscientificresearchcontracts;incomefromtechnologytransfer;incomefrommasstrialproductionproducts;incomefromtechnicalservices(includingtestingfees,inspectionfees,feesfortrainingpersonnelforforeignunits,andincomefromsellingdrawingsandmaterials,etc.);variousspecialbusinessincome,Suchasincomefromthetransferoffixedassetsandtheutilizationanddisposalofwastematerials.
Четвърто, кандидатствайте за заем от банката.
Пето, компаниите се обединяват, за да инвестират в технологично развитие.
Tosumup,inthemanagementoftechnologydevelopment,enterprisesmustopenupfundingsourcesfrommultiplechannelstoenhancescientificresearchcapabilities;Getmorebenefits.
Техническо развойно оборудване
Modernscienceandtechnologyaredevelopedonthebasisofadvancedtestequipmentandstrongmaterialtechnology.Advancedtechnologyandequipmentcanexpandandimprovethecognitionabilityofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnel,andimprovetheefficiencyoftechnologicaldevelopment.Therefore,technicalequipmentisanecessaryconditionforcarryingouttechnologicaldevelopmentactivities.Theleveloftechnicalequipmentisalsoanimportantindicatoroftheabilitytomeasuretechnologicaldevelopment.Inthetechnologydevelopmentmanagement,comprehensiveevaluationshouldbemadefromtheaspectsoftechnologicaladvancement,qualityreliability,researchapplicability,economicrationality,etc.,soastoensurethatexcellentequipmentisprovidedfortechnologicaldevelopmentandcanbebasedonresearchneedsandtechnologydevelopmenttrendsatanytime,Transformandupdateexistingequipmenttocontinuouslyimprovethemodernizationleveloftechnologicaldevelopmentequipment.
Сайт за технологично развитие
Thereisacertaintestsite,whichisverynecessaryforenterprisetechnologydevelopment.Becausebeforeanewtechnologyornewproductisofficiallyputintouseormassproduction,itmustgothroughvariousteststosolvetechnicalandprocessproblemsindesignandproduction,andprovidereliablescientificbasisforproduction.Inthetechnologicaldevelopmentofenterprises,althoughexistingconditionssuchastheequipment,installations,processingconditions,andsitesoftheproductiondepartmentcanbeused,itisnotfeasibletorelysolelyontheproductiondepartment.Becausetheenterprisehasasetofnormalproductionprocess,productionorderandproductiontasks.Ifyoucontinuetoaddtesttasks,ontheonehand,itmaydisruptthenormalproductionorder;ontheotherhand,whenthetasksoftheproductiondepartmentaresaturated,itisdifficulttodoso.Thetestprovidesconditions.Therefore,enterprisesshouldbuildspecialresearchanddevelopmenttestsitesinaccordancewiththetasksandlong-termgoalsoftechnologydevelopment,andiftheirowncapabilitiespermit,toensuretheprogressoftechnologydevelopment.
Научна и технологична информация
Thisistherawmaterialandbasisforresearchanddevelopmentactivities.Firstofall,anyscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelistocarryoutnewexplorationandre-creationonthebasisoftheachievementsofthepredecessors.Inthissense,researchanddevelopmentistheprocessofinheritinganddevelopinginformation.Secondly,scientificandtechnologicalinformationisanimportantfactorinenhancingcreativity.Effectivescientificandtechnologicalinformationcanbroadenthehorizonsandinspirethinkingofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnel.Inaddition,scientificandtechnologicalinformationisanimportantconditionforimprovingthelevelofresearchanddevelopmentmanagement.Everystageandeveryaspectofenterpriseresearchanddevelopmentmusthavesufficientandeffectiveinformation.Forexample,whendevelopinganewproduct,itisnecessarytoconductmarketresearchtoobtaintheinformationthatusersneed.Forexample,whenissuingnewproducts,itisnecessarytoconductmarketresearchtoobtaintheinformationthatusersneed,informationonthepurchasingpowerlevelofusers,marketsupplyandsalesinformation,pricechangeinformation,customerpsychologicalinformation,etc.;inthepromotionstageofnewproductresults,marketsupplyandsalesareneeded.Intelligence,comparisonofsimilarproducts,etc.Whetherthesourceofintelligenceisextensive,speed,andaccuracywillseriouslyaffecttheleveloftechnicaldevelopmentandmanagementstaff.Modernintelligencemethodsareusedtodoagoodjobofcollecting,sorting,andanalyzingtheroleofintelligence.