Introduction
Manytonercartridgescanbeusedagainaftertheoriginaltonerisusedup,sothereareseparatetonersonthemarket..Byaddingtonerbyyourself,thecostofusingconsumableswillbegreatlyreduced.Becausethetonercartridgeisasealeddisposableconsumable,addingtonerbyyourselfwilldamagethesealingperformanceofthetonercartridgeandcausepowderleakage.Thetonerparticlesaregenerallymeasuredinmicrometers.Iftheyarescatteredintheair,theyareinvisible,whichwillcausetheusePollutionoftheenvironmentandofficeenvironmenthasledtoanincreaseinPM2.5.
TonernameJapanese:トナー
Цел
Тонерът се използва главно в лазерни принтери в печатащи машини.
Производствен метод
В отговор на различни нужди, производството на тонери се развива в посока на усъвършенстване, оцветяване и висока скорост. Производството на тонери приема главно методи на пулверизация и полимеризация:
Метод на полимеризация
Метод на полимеризация е фина химична въглеродна прахова технология, която включва (суспензионна полимеризация, емулсионна полимеризация и микрокапсула, дисперсионна полимеризация, компресионна полимеризация, химическа пулверизация.)
Thepolymerizationmethodiscompletedintheliquidphase,whichcanproducecarbonpowderwithalowermeltingtemperature,whichcanmeettherequirementsofmoderntechnologyforenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection.Byadjustingtheamountofdispersant,thestirringspeed,thepolymerizationtimeandtheconcentrationofthesolution,theparticlesizeofthecarbonpowderparticlesiscontrolledtoachieveuniformcomposition,goodcolorandhightransparency.Thecarbonpowderproducedbythepolymerizationmethodhasanintactparticleshape,afinerparticlesize,anarrowerparticlesizedistributionandbetterfluidity.Itcanmeettherequirementsofhigh-speed,high-resolution,colorandothermodernprintingtechnologies.
Polymerizedtonertechnologyhasexistedformanyyears:
—Първият патент за полимеризиран тон се появява през 1972 г.
—През 1970-те и 1980-те години той беше значително подобрен.
—Първият комерсиален монохромен тон се появява през 1993 г.
—Първият комерсиален цветен тон се появи през 1998 г.
Технически процес на полимеризиран въглероден прах:
(смоламономер,пигмент,дисперсант,други реагенти)→(ултразвукова дисперсия)→(вода,дисперсант)→(пълно разбъркване)→(Полимеризация)→(Измиване)→(Филтриране и разделяне)→(Изсушаване)→(Последваща обработка)→( Крайния продукт)
Polymerizedtoneriswidelyused,duetothehighcost,itismainlyusedincolorcarbonPowderproduction.
Becauseofitslargeinvestmentinpolymerizedtoner,thegeneralinvestmentisaboutseveralhundredmillionyuan.Onlyafewlargeinternationalcompanieshaveproductioncapacity:Japan’sCANON,KONICA,MINOLTA,andUSFUJI-XEROXhaveproductioncapacity,butthedemandforcolortonerislowerthanexpected.Currently,allmajorcompaniesarenotsatisfied.Loadproduction.
Метод на раздробяване
Целият производствен процес на метода на раздробяване е:
(Избор на материали)→(Инспекция на материала)→(Съставки)→(Предварително смесване)→(Смесване и екструдиране)→(Раздробяване и класификация)→(Последваща обработка)→(Завършен продукт)→(Инспекция)→(Разделно опаковане)
Thecarbonpowderprocessingindustryusesalargenumberofcrushingmethodstomakecarbonpowder.
Thepulverizationmethodcanproducetonersuitablefordryelectrostaticcopying:includingtwo-componenttonerandsingle-componenttoner(includingmagneticandnon-magnetic).Duetothedifferentdevelopmentprocessandtheprincipleofthebeltmotor,theproportionofingredientsandingredientsisalsodifferent.
Disadvantages
Nowadays,commonlaserprintersandxerographiccopiersinofficesreleasevariousfineparticlesoftoner,pollutingindoorair.Nowadays,fromhometowork,suchequipmentcanbeseeneverywhere.Itisthesemachinesthatreleasealargenumberoffineparticles,heavymetalsandharmfulgases,makingvariousofficesyndromesquietlypopularincountriesaroundtheworld.Thetypicalsymptomsarerespiratoryinfections,headachesandThebloodimagehaschanged.
Asearlyas11yearsago,Spanishscientistspublishedaresearchresultinthemagazine"TheLancet"thatwarnedthatthedustreleasedbytheinkdrumoftheelectrostaticphotocopiercouldcauselungdisease.Oneyearlater,theUSenvironmentalresearchagencyEpaalsoreachedasimilarconclusion.In2003,theDortmundLaborMedicalProtectionAgencyconductedanexperimentinwhichtestmiceinhaledinkdrumdust.Soon,thetestmicedevelopedtumorsintheirlungs.However,theBonnLaborProtectionInstitutealsoconductedsimilarexperimentsonratsandguineapigs,butfoundnoabnormalities.However,thesetwoexperimentshavefoundthatanimalswillproducean"inflammatoryresponse"afterinhalingthefineparticlesreleasedbytheinkdrum.Itisapitythatsofar,peoplehavenotseenanyindicationofharmfulsubstancesintonerintheoperatinginstructionsofthesedevices.
Lookingatit,companiesthatproduceofficeequipmentrarelyconductvarioustestsontheirproductsunderdailyworkingconditions.Generallyspeaking,inadditiontocarbonblack,ironoxide,andpolyester,thetonerusedininkdrumsalsocontainsmanymetaldusts,suchasnickel,cobalt,andmercury,whichareharmfultothehumanbody.Thecontentofdifferentproductsvaries.Inaddition,thetoneralsocontainsfamiliarcarcinogenssuchasbenzene,aldehyde,styreneandsoon.Colorprintingtonerisfulloffivepoisons,suchastributyltin.Afewpartspermillionofagramcanendangerthesecretionofhumanhormones,leadingtoadecreaseinthenumberofsperminmenandinfertilityinwomen.Germanybannedtheuseofthissubstanceintheshipbuildingindustryin2003.
Examples
Fornearlyayear,scientistshavetrackedandrecordedthephysicalconditionsof60volunteertestparticipants.Whatkindofchangeswillhappentoyourphysicalconditionunderdailyworkingconditions.Inaddition,scientistsalsoconductregularphysicalexaminationsontheseparticipants,andregularlychecktheconcentrationofvariousfineparticles,floatingobjects,andmicroorganismsintheofficeair.Researchcostsaretoohigh.Forthisreason,scientistssuggestedthatthebestwayistoregularlychecktheofficeairandconductphysicalexaminationsonpeoplewhohavealreadydevelopedcertainsymptoms.
Ifitisdeterminedthattheparticlesreleasedbytheinkdrumaretoxic,Germanywillrequiremanufacturerstoindicatewhetherthechemicalcompositionofthematerialsusedwillcauseharmtothehumanbodyontheequipmentthatwillleavethefactoryinthefuture.Europeancountrieshavedifferentpractices.Forexample,Swedenstipulatesthatlaserprintersmustbeinstalledinventilatedrooms;theNetherlandsrequiresthatfineparticlefiltersmustbeinstalledwhenthesedevicesareused.Therefore,GermanexpertsbelievethatGermanyshouldalsotakesimilarmeasures.