Tracingthesource
ThecompilationoftheTripitakabeganshortlyafterSakyamuni’sNirvana.Inordertopreservehispreachingandunifytheviewsandunderstandingofthebelievers,thedisciplesgatheredthroughmeetingstoformUnanimouslyrecognizedcontentofclassics,laws,andtheory.Later,"externalTibetanclassics"suchasnotesandexplanationsonsutras,laws,andessayswereadded,whichbecamefourmajorcategoriesofvolumes.AfterthesplitofprimitiveBuddhism,mostofthemajorsectscompiledtheirownTibetanscripturesaccordingtotheirownviews,butonlytheTripitakaofTheravadawasrelativelyintact.TheclassicsofothersectswerebasicallypreservedintheChinesetranslation,exceptforapartoftheChinesetranslation.Dispersedandlost.OnlyafewscatteredBayeuxorpapermanuscriptsoftheearlySanskritscripturesstillexist,anditisdifficulttoseeallthethreeZangs.
Theterm"DazangSutra"wasnotrecordedinancientIndiaorintheearliestperiodofourcountry.IntheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesofourcountry,itwasonlycalled"allclassics"and"allsutras"untilaftertheSuiandTangDynasties.Atthebeginning,therewasthetitleof"Tri-ZangJing",whichatthattimemainlyreferredtoalltheclassicscompiledbytheimperialorder(bytheimperialcourt).ThefirstBuddhistTripitakainmycountrywasthe"KaibaoTripitaka",whichwasinscribedinthefourthyearoftheNorthernSongDynasty,andisabbreviatedas"KaibaoTripitaka".BecausethisengravededitionwasengravedinYizhou,itwascommonlycalledthe"Shuedition";becauseitwasengravedbythecourt,itwasalsocalledthe"NorthernSongDynastyofficialedition."ItistheancestoroftheChinesecarvededitionofTripitakainthepast,andithasaprofoundinfluenceonthetripodTripitakaJinzangandKoryoZanginmycountrysincetheNorthernSongDynasty.UndertheinfluenceoftheChineseTripitaka,theTibetan,Mongolian,andManchuversionsoftheTripitakawerepublished.
Content
ThecontentofTripitakaincludessutras,laws,andessays."Sutra"means"classic".ItisacompilationoftheteachingsandwordsspokenbytheBuddhathroughouthislife.ItisthebasicbasisofBuddhistteachings.TheDepartmentofEconomics."Law"isapreceptandritualsystemformulatedbytheBuddha,whichcancuretheevilofsentientbeingsandregulatethemindandnatureofsentientbeings.TherulesformulatedbyBuddhaShakyamuniforthelifeoftheBuddhistsectbelongtothecategoryoflaw."On"istheexplanationofthedoctrinesorimportantthoughtsinBuddhistscripturessuchassutrasandlaws.InBuddhism,itisgenerallyconsideredtobedonebybodhisattvasorvarioussectsoftheorists.
Версия
Съществуващата трипитака може да бъде разделена на седем системи, включително китайски, тибетски, монголски, манджурски, сиксиа, японски и палски езици.. В допълнение, има резба на китанската трипитака.
TripitakainChinese
TripitakainChinese:isacollectionofBuddhistclassics.FormorethanathousandyearsafterBuddhismwasintroducedtothemainlandofChina,therewerenearly50typesofsutrasalone,andmorethan20typeshavebeenpasseddownsofar,andthenumberofsutrasincludedvaries.TheformandcontentoftheTripitakacompiledindifferenterasaredifferentfromeachother.ExceptfortheFangshanStoneScriptures,thebooksbeforetheSongDynastywerebasicallyscroll-boundscripts.ThefirstwoodcutversionoftheTripitakainChinesebeganinthefourthyearoftheopeningoftheBaobaointheNorthernSongDynasty(971).IntheeighthyearofTaizong'sTaipingrejuvenation(983),allwerecarvedandshippedtoBianjing.SinceitwasfirstengravedatthetimeofKaibaointheNorthernSongDynasty,itwascalled"Kaibaozang"bylatergenerations."KaiBaoZang"istheancestralversionoftheSongDynastyMingandZhejiangprivatecarvings,Liao,Jincarvings,andvariouseditionsofDaZangcarvedbyGaoli.ThecompilationoftheTripitakainlatergenerationsiscloselyrelatedtoit.Therefore,"KaiBaoZang"iscalledtheancestoroftheTripitakainChinese.Itisworthmentioningthatsincethe"KaiBaoJing",theChinesefirstcreatedacatalogsystemintheorderof"thousand-characteressays".Sincethen,thecatalogingofseverallarge-scalebooksinmycountryhasbeenused.Sincethen,Tibetanscriptureengravinghasgraduallyemerged.IntheSongDynasty,therewere:LiaoversionofKhitan,goldversionofgold,Fuzhouversionof"WanshouZang"and"VairoZang",Huzhouversion(Zheversion)of"YuanjueZang","ZifuZang"and"MoshaZang"Wait.IntheYuanDynasty,accordingtotheSongversionoftheTibetanscriptures,thereweretwotypes:"PuningCang"and"HongfaCang".However,attheendofYuanDynasty,theworldwasinchaos,andtheTibetanscriptureswereburnedout.DuringtheHongwureignofEmperorMingTaizu,hegatheredhismaster'svirtuesinJiangshan,clickedtheTibetanscriptures,andpublishedandengravedSouthernTibet.InadditiontoSouthernTibet,therearealsoNorthernTibet,ShurangamaTempleEdition,andBaoenTempleEdition.Fromthe13thyearofEmperorEmperorYongzhengoftheQingDynastytothethirdyearofEmperorEmperorEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1735—1738),theNorthernTibetwasusedasthebase,anewbookwasadded,andtheDragonTibetanwaspublished.Inaddition,thereare"Pinjiazang"and"BaiNicang",andthe"ChineseTripitaka"wascompiledandprintedin1956,andthe"FoguangTripitaka"waspublishedoneafteranotherin1983.Atotalof20typesofwoodcutandtypographicalTripitakahavebeenpublished(21typesinonedescription).
AsBuddhismspreadfromChinatoNorthKoreaandJapan,theKoreanandJapanesedynastiesbothcopied,engraved,ortypesetaccordingtotheChineseTripitaka.Thefirsteditionof"KaiBaoZang"wasintroducedtoJapaninthefirstyearofSongYongxi(984),anditwaspassedtoKoreainDuanGong(988-989).InthefirstyearofQianxing(1022)andthesixthyearofYuanfeng(1083),therevisedversionofTianxiandXiningweretransferredtoKhitanandGaolirespectively.Inthe9thyearofLiaoqingandNing(1063),theKhitanalsosentthenewlyengraved"KhitanTibetan"printtoGoli.
TibetanTripitaka
TibetanTripitaka:Morethan700copieshavebeentranslatedintheearly9thcentury,someofwhichweretranslatedfromChinese.ThesutrasofSutraandSupremacyYogaforsupplementarytranslationinthelaterperiodaremany.ThewholeTibetisdividedintothreecategories:Ganjur,DanjurandSongzhang;Ganjur,alsoknownasZhengzang,containsthreeparts:law,sutra,andsecretmantra;Danjurisalsocalledcontinuation,andincludespraise,sutraandmantra.Explainthethreeparts;looseandtensemeansmiscellaneouscollection,includingrelatedworksofTibetanandMongolianBuddhists.FromthesecondyearofEmperorQingDynasty(1313)tothe22ndyearoftheRepublicofChina(1933),11differentversionsofTibetanTripitakawerecarvedinvariousplaces.Inaddition,therearetwokindsofPrakabencarvedinBhutanandKulunbencarvedinUlaanbaatar,thePeople'sRepublicofMongolia.
Монголската Трипитака
Монголската Трипитака:Беше преведена и гравирана четири пъти. Под егидата на Jiapai Lama Faguang, тибетски, монголски, уйгурски и ханмонаси преведоха тибетската Трипитака на монголски, издълбана и отпечатана в Тибет; част от нея допълнено по време на периода Уан на династията Мин (1573-1620)Класиците бяха четени към публикацията; Чунджън (1628-1644) публикува старото издание в ранните години. През 22-ата година на император Канкси от династията Цин( 1683), там гравирането на Гандзюер е завършено под наблюдението на принц Фукуан от Хешуою; корекцията и преводът на Дандзюер е завършено през шестата до четиринадесетата година на Циенлун (1741-1749).
ManchuTripitaka
ManchuTripitaka:Беше преведено според китайския Tripitaka през 38-ата година на Qianlong от династията Qing (1773). Компилиран и гравиран през петдесет и петата година на Qianlong император Qianlong, бяха включени 108 букви и само 699 вида Прадж na, Baoji, Daji, Huayan, Nirvana и други Da и Hina бяха включени отделни преводи и тайни мантри.
XixiaTripitaka
XixiaTripitaka:ItwasoriginallytranslatedfromChineseTripitaka.InthefirstyearofSongJingyou(1034),"OpeningtheTreasure"waspassedtoXixia(probablytheTianxirevisionof"OpeningtheTreasure").TheXixiascriptofcreation.Ittook53yearstocompletethetranslation,atotalof362pieces,812volumes,and3579volumes.IntheseventhyearofYuanShizutoYuanDynasty(1270),XixiaSengandhisentouragepresidedoverthere-editingandtranslationofuntranslatedscriptures,andprintedtheNewTripitaka.Inthe30thyearofYuanDynasty(1276),Shizu’sedictinstructedthemastermonk’sXibisoilsentimenttobeknowntoShamenhuizhong.Morethan20peoplewereresponsibleforsendingtheoldscripturesinXixiatoHangzhouforengraving.BythesixthyearofDade(1302),theconstructionwascompletedandprintedbeforeandafter.Therearemorethan140Tibetans,butmostofthemaredamaged.ThereareonlydozensoffragmentsofScripturefoundinvariousplaces.
TheTripitakainJapanese
TheTripitakainJapanese:InadditiontotheaforementionededitionsoftheChineseTripitakainJapan,sincethesixthyearofTaisho(1917),theTheworkoftranslatingChineseBuddhistscripturesintoJapanesehassofarincludedthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbytheNationalLibraryPublishingAssociation,the"ShowaNewCompilationNationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyOrientalAcademy,andthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyDadongPublishingHouse..Inaddition,itwastranslatedinto"TheTripitakaoftheSouthernTripitaka"basedonthePalisystemofTripitaka.
Трипитака на палски език
Трипитака на палски език:е трипитака на теравада на южния будизъм. Разпространена в Шри Ланка, Мианмар, Тайланд, Камбоджа, Лаос и района Дайа на провинция Юнан, Китай, е преведено палийско будистко писание в допълнение към сингалски, бирмански, тайландски, кхмерски и лаоски ,Daih има четири различни диалектни версии. В съвремието са добавени три версии, включително санскрит деванагари, латиница и японски превод.