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Работни часове



Основно обяснение

Един час работа на работника е един работен час, което е единицата време за изчисляване на количеството труд в индустрията.

Definition

Workinghoursmeansthataworkerworksonehourasoneworkinghour.Thespecificmeaningofworkinghours,dependingonthesituation,canhaveseveralsituations:Fortasks,itreferstothetotalnumberofpeoplerequiredtocompletethetask;forworkallocation,itreferstotheamountofworkinghoursallocatedtoresources;forresources,itreferstothecompletionofallThetotalamountofworkhoursallocatedtotheresourceforthetask.

Workinghours:Itisdefinedbyhowmuchtimeittakesaqualifiedoperatortocompletethework.Itincludesthreeaspects:

1.Време на процеса, като тестване, подсилване и др.

2.Основно време и ръчно работно време

3.Време, генерирано от лични фактори, като умствена умора, лична физическа умора и др.

TheworkinghoursaremeasuredthroughObtainedbythefollowingmethods,suchasstopwatchmethodandMTMmeasurementmethod.Measuringworkinghourscanplaythefollowingroles:

1.Това е стандарт за изучаване на труд и производствен капацитет

2.Може да подобри и увеличи производителността на труда

3.Да, като основа за вземане на решения от мениджърите

Статистически показатели

Статистическите показатели, отразяващи работното време, обикновено включват:

1.Календарно работно време, което означава цялото свободно време през отчетния период (Включително празнични и празнични дни).

2.Thesystem’spublicholidayhoursrefertothestate(orenterprise)stipulatedpublicholiday,andthesumofthenumberofdaysemployeesshouldrestduringtheholidays.

3.Systemworkinghoursrefertotheworkinghoursrequiredbythestateforemployeestowork,thatis,8hoursadayor40hoursaweek.

4.Suspendedhoursreferstothehoursthatemployeesareunabletoworkduetosomereasons(suchasinsufficientpower,overhaulingequipment,etc.)withinthespecifiedworkinghours,andtheemployeesaretransferredtoothernon-jobsaftertheystopworking.Thenumberofworkinghoursforworkornon-productivework.

5.Отсъствията се отнасят за часовете, когато служителите са длъжни да участват в работа съгласно разпоредбите, но поради свои собствени причини (като болест, отпуск по майчинство, личен отпуск и др.).

6.Non-productiveworkinghoursrefertoworkinghoursthatperformstateorsocialobligations,oraredeterminedtoengageinothersocialactivitiesbytheenterprise,butarenotengagedintheworkoftheenterprise.

7.Overtimeworkinghours,Referstotheactualworkinghoursofemployees,includingovertimeworkinghours,workinghourswhenworkingoutsidetheenterpriseonbusinesstrips,andworkinghourswhenemployeesaretemporarilytransferredtootherwork.

Метод на изчисление

1 Присъствено работно време: произведението на действителния брой присъстващи хора и дневното стандартно работно време (8 часа)

2,theaidedworkinghours:theproductofthenumberofpeoplereceivingsupportandtheactualsupporttime

3.Работни часове извънреден труд: продуктът на персонала извънреден труд и часове извънреден труд

4. Действително работно време: присъствено работно време + помощно работно време + извънреден труд

5. Изключени работни часове: нетекущи работни часове, които се появяват в производството

6.Общо производствени работни часове: действителни работни часове—с изключение на работните часове

7.Abnormalworkinghours:duetovariousfactorscausingtheproductiondepartmenttobeunabletoproducenormallyonthatdayMan-hoursconsumed.

8.Totalstandardman-hours:thesumoftheproductofthetotalnumberofproductsinthewarehouseproducedonthedayandthesinglestandardman-hoursofeachproduct.

9.Ненормално работно време: Попълнете действителното време отделно за ситуацията, която засяга производството през деня

10.Excludedworkinghours:Fillintheactualworkinghoursfortheirresistibleworkinghoursthatoccurredintheproductiononthecurrentday.

11.Productionworkinghours:theactualworkinghoursthatoccurredduringtheproductionofthisworkorderonthesameday.

12.Differentialworkinghours:thedifferencebetweenoutputstandardworkinghoursandproductionworkinghours

Производствена ефективност=общо стандартни работни часове\Общо производствоработни часове×100%

Totalstandardworkinghours=numberofoutputs×standardworkinghoursforasingleproduct

Managementoverview

ManagementofworkinghoursismainlyforemployeesPersonalworkstatisticsmanagementfunction,productionmanagementpersonnelcanviewproductionandreal-timelabordataindetailandactivity-by-activity,especiallyactivity-levellaborinformation,assistingproductionmanagementpersonneltouseefficiencydataobtainedfromtheworkshoptomonitortheproductionprocessinrealtime.Toimproveproductivityandcontrollaborcosts,makescientificcorporatedecisions.

Работно време

Standardworkinghours

Standardworkinghoursrefertoacertainstandardconditionandacertainoperatingmethod,whichisqualifiedandaccepted.Thetimerequiredforawell-trainedoperatortocompleteacertainjobatanormalspeed.

·Определени стандартни условия-(определени след изследване на метода)околна среда,оборудване,приспособления,Материали...

·Един определен метод на работа----метод на обработка,последователност от операции,действие от операция,подреждане на операцията,поза...

·Qualifiedandwell-trainedoperator----theoperatormustbeaQualifiedworkers,andthejobmustbesuitableforhimtodo;theoperatormustbefullytrainedintheoperationmethodofthespecificjob.

·Нормална скорост----Физиологичното състояние на оператора е нормално по време на работа и не може да бъде прекалено натоварено и не може да се забавя преднамерено.

Други свързани

Прилагане на стандартно работно време

1.Управление на ефективността

Efficiencyisanindexofthedegreeofachievementofstandardtime,standardtimeAfterthedecisionismade,themanagermustcompletetheworkwithinthestandardtime.

2.Капацитет на оборудването

Howmuchcapacitytheequipmenthasmustbecalculatedandanalyzedbasedonstandardtimeasthebasisforequipmentpurchase,andappropriatecontingencymeasuresshouldbetaken.

3.Планиране на оборудването

Throughstandardworkinghoursandequipmentproductioncapacity,theentireplant’sequipmentwillbeoptimallyarranged.

4. Изчисляване на натоварването на персонала

Aftertheproductionplanisdrawnup,therequiredman-hoursandpersonnelrequiredcanbecalculatedbasedonthestandardtime,andthecapacityofthepreviousmachineryandequipment,andtheexpectedloadAllsituationsneedtobecalculatedbasedonstandardtime.

5.Основа за изчисляване на стандартния производствен капацитет

Accordingtothestandardworkinghoursofeachproduct,thedailyworkingtimeisusedtocalculatethestandardproductioncapacityofeachproduct.

6.Производствен план Подреждане на графика

Theproductionscheduleofeachproductisarrangedaccordingtostandardworkinghours.

7.Управление на графика

Themanufacturingdepartmentcalculatesthenumberofproductsthatshouldbeproducedaccordingtostandardtime,andarrangestheconfigurationofpersonnelandequipment,scheduleplanning,productioncontrol,etc.,toachievetherequiredquantity.

8.Изчисляване на сътрудничеството човек-машина

Accordingtothestandardtime,theconfigurationofpersonnelandmachinescanbeproperlyarrangedtoreducethewasteofmanpower.

9.Изчисляване на баланса на производствената линия

Iftheworkstationsontheproductionlinearenotproperlyconfigured,itwillcausebottlenecksandexcessiveidletimeandcausewaste.Itisnecessarytoarrangeworkproperlyinstandardtime.

10.Планиране на персонала

Theproductioncapacitycalculatedbythestandardworkinghourswillbeusedtoarrangethestaff,andthestaffofthewholeplantwillbescheduled.

11.Подобряване на методите на работа

Calculatethestandardtimeofeachunitasareferenceforimprovementandatthesametimeasacomparisonbeforeandafterimprovement.

12.Стандарти за обучение за насоки за работа

Intheworkguidancetrainingofon-siteproductionunits,standardworkinghoursarethebasisfortheefficiencyofeachworkunit.

13.Оценка на работата и изчисляване на бонуси

Theimplementationoftherewardsystemmustusestandardtimetomeasureworkperformanceinordertocalculatebonusesfairlyandreasonably.

14. Разработване на нови продукти

Inthedevelopmentofnewproducts,therequiredcostcanbeestimatedbasedonthestandardtimeoftheoldproductunit.

15.Изчисляване на разходите за труд

Standardtimeisthebasicdatafordirectlaborcostcalculation.

16. Справка за определяне на цени на продукти

Standardworkinghourscancalculatethecostofapartoftheproduct,plusotherfactors,whichcanbeusedasareferenceforproductprices.

Класификация

Има три типа системи на работно време, определени от китайския трудов закон, а именно стандартно работно време, цялостно работно време и нередовно работно време.

Accordingtothe"LaborLaw"andthe"ProvisionsoftheStateCouncilonWorkingHoursofEmployees"(StateCouncilOrderNo.174),Chinaimplementsthestandardthatworkerswork8hoursadayand40hoursaweekWorkinghourssystem.Qualifiedcompaniesshouldimplementastandardworkinghoursystem.Someenterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetothenatureofworkandproductioncharacteristics,andshouldensurethatworkersdonotworkmorethan8hoursaday,worknomorethan40hoursaweek,andhaveatleastonedayoffeachweek.Enterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetotheirproductioncharacteristics,andthosethatmeettherequirementscanimplementtheirregularworkinghoursystemwiththeapprovalofthelaborsecurityadministrativedepartment.

Fortheworkerswhoimplementtheirregularworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallreasonablydeterminethelaborquotaorotherassessmentstandardsoftheworkersaccordingtothestandardworkinghourssystem,soastoarrangetheworkerstorest.Thewagesarecalculatedbythecompanyinaccordancewiththewagesystemandwagedistributionmethodoftheunit,usingmonthly,quarterly,andyearly,etc.ascyclestocomprehensivelycalculatetheworkinghours,buttheaveragedailyworkinghoursandaverageweeklyworkinghoursshouldbebasicallythesameasthelegalstandardworkinghours.Thatistosay,inthecomprehensivecalculationperiod,theactualworkingtimeofaspecificday(orweek)canexceed8hours(or40hours),butthetotalactualworkingtimeinthecomprehensivecalculationperiodshouldnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtime,Theexcessshallbedeemedtobeextendedworkinghoursandpaidaccordingtotheprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Amongthem,iftheworkersarearrangedtoworkonstatutoryholidays,theremunerationshallbepaidinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Moreover,theaveragenumberofhoursofextendedworkinghoursmustnotexceed36hourspermonth.

Ifthetotalactualaverageworkingtimeintheentirecomprehensivecalculationperioddoesnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtimeoftheperiod,itisonlyaspecificday(orweek,month,orquarterinthecomprehensivecalculationperiod).)Exceedingstatutorystandardworkinghours,thepartnotexceedingshallnotberegardedasextendingworkinghours.Calculatedandissuedbasedontheactualworkingtimeoftheworkerandthecompletionofthelaborquota.Forworkerswhomeettheconditionsofpaidannualleave,theenterpriseshallarrangeforthemtoenjoypaidannualleave.

Foremployeeswhoimplementotherworkandrestmethodssuchastheirregularworkingsystemandthecomprehensiveworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallensurethehealthoftheemployeesinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofChapters1and4ofthe"LaborLaw"Onthebasisoffullylisteningtotheopinionsofemployees,appropriatemethodssuchasconcentratedwork,concentratedrest,shiftrest,flexibleworkinghours,etc.shallbeadoptedtoensuretheemployees’righttorestandvacationandthecompletionofproductionandworktasks.

Recommendation

InAugust2020,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedtotherecommendationNo.9238oftheThirdSessionofthe13thNationalPeople'sCongress.Inresponsetotherepresentative’sproposalonimplementingafour-and-a-half-day-a-weekworkingtimesystem,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedthatunderthecurrenteconomicsituation,shorteningworkinghourswillincreasethepressureonenterpriseproductionandoperationandbringabouthigheremployment.Costsandburdensaffecteconomicdevelopment.Thestandardforfurthershorteningworkinghoursdoesnotyethavearealisticbasisandshouldnotbewidelyimplementedinenterprises.

Management

Managementofworkinghoursispopularinforeigncountries,whichcancalculateworkinghoursintocostsandreducerisks.Itismorepopularathomeandabroadtouseasoftwarecalledgtimesheetformanagement.Itcanbeusedwiththepunchcardmachine,itiswebandthelanguages​​ofuptoeightcountriescanbeusedallovertheworldontheInternet.

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