Основно обяснение
Един час работа на работника е един работен час, което е единицата време за изчисляване на количеството труд в индустрията.
Definition
Workinghoursmeansthataworkerworksonehourasoneworkinghour.Thespecificmeaningofworkinghours,dependingonthesituation,canhaveseveralsituations:Fortasks,itreferstothetotalnumberofpeoplerequiredtocompletethetask;forworkallocation,itreferstotheamountofworkinghoursallocatedtoresources;forresources,itreferstothecompletionofallThetotalamountofworkhoursallocatedtotheresourceforthetask.
Workinghours:Itisdefinedbyhowmuchtimeittakesaqualifiedoperatortocompletethework.Itincludesthreeaspects:
1.Време на процеса, като тестване, подсилване и др.
2.Основно време и ръчно работно време
3.Време, генерирано от лични фактори, като умствена умора, лична физическа умора и др.
TheworkinghoursaremeasuredthroughObtainedbythefollowingmethods,suchasstopwatchmethodandMTMmeasurementmethod.Measuringworkinghourscanplaythefollowingroles:
1.Това е стандарт за изучаване на труд и производствен капацитет
2.Може да подобри и увеличи производителността на труда
3.Да, като основа за вземане на решения от мениджърите
Статистически показатели
Статистическите показатели, отразяващи работното време, обикновено включват:
1.Календарно работно време, което означава цялото свободно време през отчетния период (Включително празнични и празнични дни).
2.Thesystem’spublicholidayhoursrefertothestate(orenterprise)stipulatedpublicholiday,andthesumofthenumberofdaysemployeesshouldrestduringtheholidays.
3.Systemworkinghoursrefertotheworkinghoursrequiredbythestateforemployeestowork,thatis,8hoursadayor40hoursaweek.
4.Suspendedhoursreferstothehoursthatemployeesareunabletoworkduetosomereasons(suchasinsufficientpower,overhaulingequipment,etc.)withinthespecifiedworkinghours,andtheemployeesaretransferredtoothernon-jobsaftertheystopworking.Thenumberofworkinghoursforworkornon-productivework.
5.Отсъствията се отнасят за часовете, когато служителите са длъжни да участват в работа съгласно разпоредбите, но поради свои собствени причини (като болест, отпуск по майчинство, личен отпуск и др.).
6.Non-productiveworkinghoursrefertoworkinghoursthatperformstateorsocialobligations,oraredeterminedtoengageinothersocialactivitiesbytheenterprise,butarenotengagedintheworkoftheenterprise.
7.Overtimeworkinghours,Referstotheactualworkinghoursofemployees,includingovertimeworkinghours,workinghourswhenworkingoutsidetheenterpriseonbusinesstrips,andworkinghourswhenemployeesaretemporarilytransferredtootherwork.
Метод на изчисление
1 Присъствено работно време: произведението на действителния брой присъстващи хора и дневното стандартно работно време (8 часа)
2,theaidedworkinghours:theproductofthenumberofpeoplereceivingsupportandtheactualsupporttime
3.Работни часове извънреден труд: продуктът на персонала извънреден труд и часове извънреден труд
4. Действително работно време: присъствено работно време + помощно работно време + извънреден труд
5. Изключени работни часове: нетекущи работни часове, които се появяват в производството
6.Общо производствени работни часове: действителни работни часове—с изключение на работните часове
7.Abnormalworkinghours:duetovariousfactorscausingtheproductiondepartmenttobeunabletoproducenormallyonthatdayMan-hoursconsumed.
8.Totalstandardman-hours:thesumoftheproductofthetotalnumberofproductsinthewarehouseproducedonthedayandthesinglestandardman-hoursofeachproduct.
9.Ненормално работно време: Попълнете действителното време отделно за ситуацията, която засяга производството през деня
10.Excludedworkinghours:Fillintheactualworkinghoursfortheirresistibleworkinghoursthatoccurredintheproductiononthecurrentday.
11.Productionworkinghours:theactualworkinghoursthatoccurredduringtheproductionofthisworkorderonthesameday.
12.Differentialworkinghours:thedifferencebetweenoutputstandardworkinghoursandproductionworkinghours
Производствена ефективност=общо стандартни работни часове\Общо производствоработни часове×100%
Totalstandardworkinghours=numberofoutputs×standardworkinghoursforasingleproduct
Managementoverview
ManagementofworkinghoursismainlyforemployeesPersonalworkstatisticsmanagementfunction,productionmanagementpersonnelcanviewproductionandreal-timelabordataindetailandactivity-by-activity,especiallyactivity-levellaborinformation,assistingproductionmanagementpersonneltouseefficiencydataobtainedfromtheworkshoptomonitortheproductionprocessinrealtime.Toimproveproductivityandcontrollaborcosts,makescientificcorporatedecisions.
Standardworkinghours
Standardworkinghoursrefertoacertainstandardconditionandacertainoperatingmethod,whichisqualifiedandaccepted.Thetimerequiredforawell-trainedoperatortocompleteacertainjobatanormalspeed.
·Определени стандартни условия-(определени след изследване на метода)околна среда,оборудване,приспособления,Материали...
·Един определен метод на работа----метод на обработка,последователност от операции,действие от операция,подреждане на операцията,поза...
·Qualifiedandwell-trainedoperator----theoperatormustbeaQualifiedworkers,andthejobmustbesuitableforhimtodo;theoperatormustbefullytrainedintheoperationmethodofthespecificjob.
·Нормална скорост----Физиологичното състояние на оператора е нормално по време на работа и не може да бъде прекалено натоварено и не може да се забавя преднамерено.
Други свързани
Прилагане на стандартно работно време
1.Управление на ефективността
Efficiencyisanindexofthedegreeofachievementofstandardtime,standardtimeAfterthedecisionismade,themanagermustcompletetheworkwithinthestandardtime.
2.Капацитет на оборудването
Howmuchcapacitytheequipmenthasmustbecalculatedandanalyzedbasedonstandardtimeasthebasisforequipmentpurchase,andappropriatecontingencymeasuresshouldbetaken.
3.Планиране на оборудването
Throughstandardworkinghoursandequipmentproductioncapacity,theentireplant’sequipmentwillbeoptimallyarranged.
4. Изчисляване на натоварването на персонала
Aftertheproductionplanisdrawnup,therequiredman-hoursandpersonnelrequiredcanbecalculatedbasedonthestandardtime,andthecapacityofthepreviousmachineryandequipment,andtheexpectedloadAllsituationsneedtobecalculatedbasedonstandardtime.
5.Основа за изчисляване на стандартния производствен капацитет
Accordingtothestandardworkinghoursofeachproduct,thedailyworkingtimeisusedtocalculatethestandardproductioncapacityofeachproduct.
6.Производствен план Подреждане на графика
Theproductionscheduleofeachproductisarrangedaccordingtostandardworkinghours.
7.Управление на графика
Themanufacturingdepartmentcalculatesthenumberofproductsthatshouldbeproducedaccordingtostandardtime,andarrangestheconfigurationofpersonnelandequipment,scheduleplanning,productioncontrol,etc.,toachievetherequiredquantity.
8.Изчисляване на сътрудничеството човек-машина
Accordingtothestandardtime,theconfigurationofpersonnelandmachinescanbeproperlyarrangedtoreducethewasteofmanpower.
9.Изчисляване на баланса на производствената линия
Iftheworkstationsontheproductionlinearenotproperlyconfigured,itwillcausebottlenecksandexcessiveidletimeandcausewaste.Itisnecessarytoarrangeworkproperlyinstandardtime.
10.Планиране на персонала
Theproductioncapacitycalculatedbythestandardworkinghourswillbeusedtoarrangethestaff,andthestaffofthewholeplantwillbescheduled.
11.Подобряване на методите на работа
Calculatethestandardtimeofeachunitasareferenceforimprovementandatthesametimeasacomparisonbeforeandafterimprovement.
12.Стандарти за обучение за насоки за работа
Intheworkguidancetrainingofon-siteproductionunits,standardworkinghoursarethebasisfortheefficiencyofeachworkunit.
13.Оценка на работата и изчисляване на бонуси
Theimplementationoftherewardsystemmustusestandardtimetomeasureworkperformanceinordertocalculatebonusesfairlyandreasonably.
14. Разработване на нови продукти
Inthedevelopmentofnewproducts,therequiredcostcanbeestimatedbasedonthestandardtimeoftheoldproductunit.
15.Изчисляване на разходите за труд
Standardtimeisthebasicdatafordirectlaborcostcalculation.
16. Справка за определяне на цени на продукти
Standardworkinghourscancalculatethecostofapartoftheproduct,plusotherfactors,whichcanbeusedasareferenceforproductprices.
Класификация
Има три типа системи на работно време, определени от китайския трудов закон, а именно стандартно работно време, цялостно работно време и нередовно работно време.
Accordingtothe"LaborLaw"andthe"ProvisionsoftheStateCouncilonWorkingHoursofEmployees"(StateCouncilOrderNo.174),Chinaimplementsthestandardthatworkerswork8hoursadayand40hoursaweekWorkinghourssystem.Qualifiedcompaniesshouldimplementastandardworkinghoursystem.Someenterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetothenatureofworkandproductioncharacteristics,andshouldensurethatworkersdonotworkmorethan8hoursaday,worknomorethan40hoursaweek,andhaveatleastonedayoffeachweek.Enterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetotheirproductioncharacteristics,andthosethatmeettherequirementscanimplementtheirregularworkinghoursystemwiththeapprovalofthelaborsecurityadministrativedepartment.
Fortheworkerswhoimplementtheirregularworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallreasonablydeterminethelaborquotaorotherassessmentstandardsoftheworkersaccordingtothestandardworkinghourssystem,soastoarrangetheworkerstorest.Thewagesarecalculatedbythecompanyinaccordancewiththewagesystemandwagedistributionmethodoftheunit,usingmonthly,quarterly,andyearly,etc.ascyclestocomprehensivelycalculatetheworkinghours,buttheaveragedailyworkinghoursandaverageweeklyworkinghoursshouldbebasicallythesameasthelegalstandardworkinghours.Thatistosay,inthecomprehensivecalculationperiod,theactualworkingtimeofaspecificday(orweek)canexceed8hours(or40hours),butthetotalactualworkingtimeinthecomprehensivecalculationperiodshouldnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtime,Theexcessshallbedeemedtobeextendedworkinghoursandpaidaccordingtotheprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Amongthem,iftheworkersarearrangedtoworkonstatutoryholidays,theremunerationshallbepaidinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Moreover,theaveragenumberofhoursofextendedworkinghoursmustnotexceed36hourspermonth.
Ifthetotalactualaverageworkingtimeintheentirecomprehensivecalculationperioddoesnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtimeoftheperiod,itisonlyaspecificday(orweek,month,orquarterinthecomprehensivecalculationperiod).)Exceedingstatutorystandardworkinghours,thepartnotexceedingshallnotberegardedasextendingworkinghours.Calculatedandissuedbasedontheactualworkingtimeoftheworkerandthecompletionofthelaborquota.Forworkerswhomeettheconditionsofpaidannualleave,theenterpriseshallarrangeforthemtoenjoypaidannualleave.
Foremployeeswhoimplementotherworkandrestmethodssuchastheirregularworkingsystemandthecomprehensiveworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallensurethehealthoftheemployeesinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofChapters1and4ofthe"LaborLaw"Onthebasisoffullylisteningtotheopinionsofemployees,appropriatemethodssuchasconcentratedwork,concentratedrest,shiftrest,flexibleworkinghours,etc.shallbeadoptedtoensuretheemployees’righttorestandvacationandthecompletionofproductionandworktasks.
Recommendation
InAugust2020,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedtotherecommendationNo.9238oftheThirdSessionofthe13thNationalPeople'sCongress.Inresponsetotherepresentative’sproposalonimplementingafour-and-a-half-day-a-weekworkingtimesystem,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedthatunderthecurrenteconomicsituation,shorteningworkinghourswillincreasethepressureonenterpriseproductionandoperationandbringabouthigheremployment.Costsandburdensaffecteconomicdevelopment.Thestandardforfurthershorteningworkinghoursdoesnotyethavearealisticbasisandshouldnotbewidelyimplementedinenterprises.
Management
Managementofworkinghoursispopularinforeigncountries,whichcancalculateworkinghoursintocostsandreducerisks.Itismorepopularathomeandabroadtouseasoftwarecalledgtimesheetformanagement.Itcanbeusedwiththepunchcardmachine,itiswebandthelanguagesofuptoeightcountriescanbeusedallovertheworldontheInternet.