Prohlášení
Thisentryhasbeenorganizedwithreferencetotheeditingguideformilitaryequipmententries.TheencyclopediamilitaryeditingteamishotRecruiting.Clicktolearnaboutthemaintenanceteamofthisentry.
Developmenthistory
Developmentbackground
Intheearly1930s,theJapaneseImperialNavy,whichhadbecomeoneoftheworld’snavalpowers,Britishnavychallenge.InJanuary1934,whenJapanreviseditsimperialdefensepolicy,itofficiallylistedtheUnitedStatesasanimaginaryenemy.In1935,theLondonNavalConferencewasconvened.Japanputforwardanequalrequirementforarmamentconstructionandadvocatedtheestablishmentofacommonmaximumpossessionofallcountriesintheworldto"guaranteemutualsecurity",butitwasopposedbyothercountries.In1936,JapanrefusedtosignthenewLondonNavalTreatyandannounceditswithdrawalfromtheConferenceonDisarmament.InJune1936,JapanonceagainreviseditsnationaldefensepolicyandclearlyproposedaninterceptionstrategyagainsttheUnitedStates.Thatis,theImperialJapaneseNavywasfightingagainsttheUnitedStatesintheWesternPacific.Atthebeginningofthewar,themainforceoftheUSFarEastNavyhadtobeeliminatedandtheUSNavy’sactivitiesweredestroyedorseized.ThebasewillthenusethewaterswestoftheOgasawaraIslandsasthescheduledmaritimebattlefieldtointerceptandannihilatetheU.S.fleetofshipsthatarereinforcedbytheUnitedStates.
TheJapaneseAdmiraltybelievesthattowinthewaragainsttheUnitedStates,battleshipsarestillneeded.However,becauseJapanisacountrywitharelativelyweakindustrialbaseandlackofresources,itisdifficulttocompetewiththeUnitedStatesintermsofthenumberofwarships,andevenlessabletocompetewiththeUnitedStatesNavyintermsofthenumberofwarships.Inaccordancewithitspolicyof"quantityshortageandqualitycompensation"sincetheMeijiera,Japanhasestablishedadevelopmentstrategythatusesthepoweradvantageofasinglebattleshiptooffsettheopponent'squantitativeadvantage.TheJapaneseMinistryoftheNavypredictsthatthewidthofbattleshipsbuiltbytheU.S.Navywillbeequippedwith406mmnavalgunsduetotherestrictionsofthePanamaTreaty.Japanhadtrial-produceda460mmnavalgunasearlyas1916,andmanufactureda480mmnavalgunin1920,andhascertainexperienceinthemanufactureoflarge-caliberartillery.Underthisideologicalguidance,theJapaneseNavybegantopreparetobuildasuperbattleshipequippedwitha460mmcalibermaingun,andtoformamaritimestrikeforcewithbattleshipsasthecore.
Stavebnictví
V roce 1932 začalo Japonsko navrhovat bitevní lodě třídy Yamato.
InOctober1934,theJapaneseNavyofficiallyissuedthedesigntaskofanewbattleship,requiring8ormore460mmmainguns,12155mmsecondaryguns,or8200mmsecondaryguns.Withamaximumspeedofmorethan30knots,thehulldefensivearmorcanwithstandtheblowsofitsmaingunsatadistanceof20-35kilometers.
FromMarch10,1935toJuly20,1936,23designsfromA-140toA-140F5weresuccessivelyproposed.Amongthem,theoriginalA-140plan,thenewbattleshiphasanormaldisplacementof69,500tons,alengthof294meters,amainengineoutputof200,000shafthorsepower,amaximumspeedof31knots,andanenduranceof8,000nauticalmiles/18knots.LiketheBritishNelson-classbattleships,thegunsareconcentratedonthefrontdeck.TheJapaneseNavyfinallyadoptedthedesignoftwotriple-mountedmainturretsonthefrontdeckandonetriple-mountedmainturretonthereardeck.Amongthevariousdesignschemesofthenewship,thepowerplantwasoriginallyplannedtouseahybridpowerofasteamturbineandadieselengine.DuetothehighfailurerateoftheJapaneseNavy’sdieselengine-mountedOwhalesubmarinecarrier,theplanwasfinallyabandonedandthefinalA-140F5planwasusedfortheconstructionoftheYamatobattleship(5photos)
V p> se používají pouze parní turbíny.
V roce 1937 japonské námořnictvo formulovalo Plán doplňování výzbroje ("Plán 03ShipSupplementPlan", také známý jako 03Plan) a formálně určilo konstrukci dvou bitevních lodí třídy Yamato v souladu s plánem A-140F6, jmenovitě "Yaumgest z Japanu a jednoho" zařízení do svého loďařského průmyslu. Zakoupila 15 000 tun hydraulických lisů (16 000 tun v jednom slově) a tři 70 tun kyselé otevřené krbové pece z Německa na výrobu pancéřovaných ocelových plátů, včetně 650 mm silných (používaných hlavní věží Yamato) .) Včetně velkých kovaných dílů.
4. listopadu 1937 začala stavba lodi č. 1 v námořní továrně KureCity v prefektuře Hirošima. Její oficiální název je "WarshipYamato".("Yamato" je název starověké vazalské země v Prefektuře Nara">Japonsko" a podobně.
OnAugust8,1940,theYamatobattleship(abbreviatedas:Yamato)waslaunched.Inordertokeeptheshipunderconstruction,strictconfidentialitycontrolwascarriedout.Theshipyardwassurroundedbysurroundingareaswhereitcouldoverlooktheshipyard.AfterthelaunchoftheYamatoandYamato,theoutfittingprojectbegan.Duringtheentireconstructionprocess,itcost150billionyen(post-warprice),andtheaverageconstructioncostpertonwasabout2millionyen.
V říjnu 1941 zahájila Yamato zkušební plavbu. 7. prosince 1941, v den, kdy vypukl incident Pearl Harbor, skončily plavby Yamato.
Historie služeb
16. prosince 1941 byla společnost Yamato oficiálně dokončena a zařazena do japonské společné flotily.
OnFebruary12,1942,YamatosucceededthebattleshipNagatoastheflagshipoftheJapanesecombinedfleet.
V časných ranních hodinách 7. dubna 1945 bylo Yamato napadeno letadlem americké nosné lodi na jihozápadním mořiostrova Kjúšú. Vypršelo 10 torpéd a 24 bomb. 4 minuty na Tokunošimě, jihozápadně od 8 na západě ostrova Kyushu. 30 stupňů 43 minut severní šířky.
Technické vlastnosti
Struktura typu lodi
Typ lodi
ThebowoftheYamatobattleshipisonthewaterlineThepositionisdeepandvertical,theupperpartisobviouslyinclinedforward,andthefrontofthebowisapproximatelysemicircular.ThesphericalbowadoptedbytheYamatoisoneofitsgreatestfeatures.Thissphericalbowislocatedabout3metersbelowthewaterline,andtheseatrialprovedthatthisbowhasobviousadvantages.Duetotheuseofthisnovelbow,thelengthofthewaterlineisreducedbyabout3meters,andthedisplacementissavedbyabout30tons.Atthesametime,thebulbousbowiscombinedwiththegoodlineardesignofthehull,whichmakesthehull'sdragreductionperformanceverygood.Withthemainenginepowerof150,000horsepower,thespeedexceeds27knots.
TheforedeckoftheYamatoisdifferentfromothersimilarwarships.Itsinnerwaistiscurvedandthehulliswider.Atsea,thestabilityofthebattleshiphullactuallyaffectstheshootingaccuracyofthemaingun.Large,butthehullisthickandshort,whichbringsbetterlongitudinalstability.Manyofitsimprovementshavebeenadoptedbylargewarshipsandaircraftcarrierslaterdesignedbycountriesaroundtheworld.
ThereardeckoftheYamatoisalsounique.Behindtherearmaingun,thereareorganicstorage,boatstorage,carrieraircraftrecoveryandlaunchingdevices,etc.Inordertoavoidtheimpactofartilleryshockwaves,hangars,boatgaragesandotherfacilitiesareundertheupperdeck.Thedeckbehindtherearmaingunisanirondeck.Therearetunnel-shapedboathousesonbothsidesoftherearmaingun.Thereartwosidesoftheboathousealsohaveoverhangs,underwhichtherearetracksforthemobileboatcranestoliftandunloadtheboats.Therearupperdeckissunkenatthesternoftheshipfortemporarystorageofcarrier-basedaircraftwhenhoisting,andthereisanopeninginfrontofthesunken,leadingtothehangar.Thehangarinsidetheshipislocatedinthemiddleoftheupperdeckandthemiddledeckinfrontoftherearmaingun.Thefronthalfareacanbeplacedonbothsidesof3fighterplanesand3observationplanes,andcarrier-basedaircraftlaunchersareinstalledonbothsides.TheshapeoftheYamato’ssternissimilartothatofacruiser,exceptthatthereisaflatplaceontherearendofthestern.Theseaplanerecoverydevicewasoriginallyplannedtobeinstalledhere,butitwasnotinstalledforsomereason.
Rozdělení hmotnosti lodi Yamato je následující: 20 122 tun trupu, 21 266 tun farmy nebo 1 629 tun obranných plátů, 11 611 tun zbraňových systémů, 5 300 tun hlavního vybavení, 1 756 tun a 4 oprav 6 tun 1 kování zařízení, 75 tun měkkých torpéd, 95 tun navigačního a optického zařízení, 1 108 tun elektrického zařízení, 111 tun letadel, 297 tun vody z kotle, 212 tun připravované vody, 4 210 tun těžkého oleje, 61 tun mazacího oleje, a 48 mazacích olejů
Můstek
TheYamatohasatotalof2bridges.Thefrontbridgebeforethechimneyisthebattlecommandcenterofthewholeship.ThechimneyAfterthatistherearbridge,whichisthepreparatorycombatcommandpost(whentheartilleryfiresbeforeandafterthesplitfire,italsoservesastherearcommandpost).TheYamatochangedthesituationthatthebridgesoflargebattleshipsweretoolarge,startingfromtherealityofnavalbattles,andappearedveryconcise.Thesideareaofthebridgeis310squaremeters,butthefrontalareaisonly159squaremeters,whichisonlyhalfofthesidearea,andthewindresistanceisrelativelysmall;itadoptsadoublecylindricalstructurewithvariouslinesandpipesintheinnertubeandbetweentheinnerandoutertubes.Therearevariousspecialchambersinthemezzanine,anddevicesrelatedtocommandanddetectionarearrangedaroundtheoutercylinder.Inordertoreducetheimpactofshockwaves,therearefewopeningsontheoutsideofthebridge,andtheshapeofthebridgeisclosedandtidy.
ThetopofYamato’sfrontbridgeisequippedwithamaingunobservatory/maingunfiringcommandpost,abuilt-in98-typeazimuthplate,aperiscopetelescopeonthetop,anda15-meterrangefinderunderit.Belowthemaingunfiringcommandpostistheairdefensecommandpost.Anumberofhigh-colorbinocularsareinstalledaroundtheprotectiverotatingplateonthetopopendeck.Belowtheairdefensecommandpostisthedaytimecombatbridge,alsoknownasthefirstbridge.Thefrontandsideshaveairregulatingboardsandprotectivedevices.Usually,thecommanderandstaffofthefleetcommanderandhisheadquarters,captain,etc.directthebattlehere.Thenextflooristhewarroomandthecaptain’slounge.Thefollowingaretheupperobservationpost,thecompassroom(thatis,thenightbattlecommandpost),thelowerobservationpost(thesecondchartroom),andthecommandtower(actuallyacommunicationchannel,thatis,thecommunicationtube),etc.
Ochrana
ThearmorbeltofYamato,accordingtothedesignrequirementsofbattleships,canwithstandthearmorofitsown460mmmaingunat20～Shellingatadistanceof30kilometers.Thisclassofshipistheheaviestarmoredtypeintheentirebattleshiphistory.Thearmorbelthasbeenstrictlydesignedandprocessed,andithasagoodbullet-proofappearance.Thefrontalprotectiveshieldoftheship’smainturretis650mmthick,whichisthethickestironarmoreverseenintheworld’smilitaryhistory.The410mmsidearmorofthisclasshasaninclinationof20degrees(inclinedtotheinside).Thesidearmorinclinationisthelargestamongbattleships.The230mmarmorattheedgeofthemiddeckoftheYamatoalsohasaninclinationof7degrees.TheinclineddesignimprovestheresilienceofYamato'sarmor.TheYamato’sentireship’sarmorwasdeployedtoprovidekeyprotectionforthecommandtower,turret,mainengineandammunitiondepot;topreventaircraftbombingandlong-rangeartillerybattlesfromfallingatalargeangle,thedeckofimportantpartsoftheshipwasfurtherstrengthened.Atthesametime,inordertoreducetheweightoftheentireshipandensuretherotationspeedoftheturret,thedefensedesignoftheship’ssecondarygunisrelativelyweak.Itsturretarmoris25mm.)
Itcanonlydefendagainstshrapnelandnearmissingbullets.Theturretbaseofthesecondarygunuses75mmthickalloycopperarmortoprotecttheaccesstotheammunitiondepot.Twosub-turretswithweakdefensivecapabilitiesinstalledonthecenterlineoftheship’shullareadjacenttothemainturret.Theammunitionstorageistooclose.Oncethedamageishit,itwilleasilyspreadtothemainartilleryammunitionstorage.Thisisanobviousdefect.Thestrengtheningofprotectivemeasuresonlystrengthenedtheprotectionoftheammunitiondepot.Inordertopreventmineandtorpedoattacks,thebottomoftheYamatoclassusesathree-layerbottom.Atthesametime,inordertoimprovethesinkingresistance,theshipwasdividedinto1,147watertightcompartments.Thetorpedo-proofdesignoftheYamato-classhullisnotscientific,andthisisalsoamajorreasonforthesubsequentsinkingoftheYamato.Thecriticalpartsoftheship'sammunitioncompartment,mainengine,boilercompartment,etc.areconcentratedinthedefensivezoneprotectedbyheavyarmorbeltsinthemiddleofthewarship(extendingfromthefrontendofthefrontmainguntotherearendoftherearmaingun).Thesidearmorofthedefensivezoneextendsfromthemidshipwaterlinetothebottomofthebattleship.Thethicknessofthemainarmorbeltattheupperwaterlineis410mm,andthethicknessofthesidestrakebelowthemainarmorbeltis75-200mm(Decreasefromtoptobottom).Thearmoratthetopofthedefensivezoneislaidonthemiddeckofthebattleshipwithathicknessof200-230mm.Thefrontandrearendsofthedefensivezoneareprotectedby270-350mmthickarmoredwalls.
| Ochranné paže | ||
| Hlavní opěrný pás | Pod střední palubou | 410 mm (135 mm tvrzená vrstva) |
| Camberangle | 20° | |
| paluba | horní paluba | td>35~55mm | < /tr>
| Middeck | 200mm | tr>|
| věž | přední | 650 mm |
| Boční | 250 mm | |
| Horní | 270 mm | |
| Cannonmount | 560 mm | |
| Dol | 250 mm | |
| Náboj munice | Horní | 270 mm |
| Dol | 50~80 mm | |
| Sklon< /td> | 25° | |
| strojovna,kotelna | horni | 200 mm |
| Na dno lodi | 75~90 mm | Sklon | 14° |
Pohonný systém
Bojová loď Yamato je vybavena 12 kotli, 4 parními turbínami, maximální životností 7 200 námořních mil/16 uzlů a maximálním zatížením 6 400 tun těžkého oleje.
TheYamatousesamaturetechnologysteamturbineinthedesign,sothattheshipcanreachaspeedof27knots.
Inordertoimprovethemaneuverability,Yamatoadoptedsemi-balancedrudder,whichisconfiguredfrontandrear,andthedistanceis15meters.).Thelargerearrudderisthemainrudder;thesmallfrontrudderistheauxiliaryrudder.Duetothelargeinertiaoftheship,itisdifficulttosteerwithonlytheauxiliaryrudder,whichassiststhemainrudder.Therearefacilitiessuchasbatteries,dieselengines,andhydraulicpumpsinthesteeringgearroomwiththickdeckprotection.Themainruddercanstillworkevenwhenthepowersupplyiscutoff.
TheYamatousesasinglechimney,andtheflueofeachboileriszigzagbackwards,connectingwithacertainpartofthechimney.Thechimneyisalsotiltedbackasfaraspossibletoavoidsmokeexhaustaffectingthebridgework.Inordertoensurethesafetyoftheopeningofthechimneyoftheshiphull,ahoneycombpanelisinstalledattheopening,whichis380mmthickandhasmanyventswithadiameterof180mm.Inaddition,50mmthickprotectionisinstalledontheslopeandsideofthechimney.Thesafetyofdecksandchimneyshasbeenimproved.
WeaponSystem
MainGun
TheYamatobattleshipisequippedwiththreetriple-mountedType9445-timesdiameter460mmnavalguns(Atotalof9),ofwhichtwotriple-mountedturretsarearrangedonthefrontdeck,andonetriple-mountedturretisarrangedonthereardeck.Atthattime,theJapanesenavykeptsecretthecaliberofthemaingun.ItwascalledtheType94400mmgunwithacaliber45timesthelengthofthegun.Theactualsizewas460mm.Thegunbodyweighs165tons.Thetotalweightofthethreeartilleryinaturretis1,720tons.Withtheweightoftheturretarmor(790tons)andammunition,thetotalweightoftherotationpartofasingleturretis2,774tons,whichisequivalenttotheJapaneseNavy'sAutumnMoonclass.Thedisplacementofthedestroyer.
TherearoftheYamatomainturretisequippedwitha93-type15-meterbaselinerangefinder(equippedwithagyro,whichcanmaintainstabilitywhensailing),andperiscopesightsareinstalledinthefrontofbothsidesoftheturretandinthefrontofthetop..Thepitchangleoftheturretis+45degreesto-5degrees.Whentheartilleryisloadedwithshells,itisfixedat+3degrees,thepitchspeedis8degreespersecond,andtheturretrevolvesfor3minutes.Thefiringspeedisthreevolleysin2minutes,1.8roundsperminute;thebasenumberofshellsis100roundspergun,eachroundweighs1.5tons,andeachroundhasachargeof330kilograms.Theraisingspeedis6secondsperround,andthereloadingismechanized.
460mm lodní pistole Yamato je vybavena třemi typy
Vnitřní struktura hlavní zbraně bitevní lodi Yamato (2 fotografie)
Theshellsare91typearmor-piercingshells,3typepairsAirbombsandhigh-explosivebombs.TheType91armor-piercingprojectileweighs1,460kg(33.85kgofbuilt-inexplosives),hasafiringpressureof32kg/mm2,muzzlevelocityof785meterspersecond,andamaximumrangeof42050meters(45degreeselevationangle).Themaingunhasarangeof40,700metersatanelevationof40degrees,35826metersat30degrees,27916metersat20degrees,and16,843metersat10degrees.TheweightoftheType3anti-aircraftandthehigh-explosiveprojectileis1360kg,andthemuzzlevelocityisalso805m/s.Forcombatingunarmoredtargetsandperformingshorebombingmissions.WhentheYamato’s9maingunsfiredatoneside,therecoilforcereached8,000tons,andtheshockwavewasalsoverystrongduringlaunch.TheJapaneseshipdesigndepartmentaimedtoreducetheshockwave
155mmnavalgun3Dmap(4fotografie)
,theliftingandventsarecentrallyarrangedbehindthewindshieldinfrontoftherearmaingun,whichcanmakethedeckinfrontoftherearmaingunlookcleanandsimple,andVentilatorscanbeusedtoreducetheimpactofthemaingunshockwave.Theshellsfiredafterthethree-unitmaingunsalvosofteninterferewitheachotherinflightandaffecttheshootingaccuracy.Previously,thisproblemwasgenerallysolvedbyalternatelyfiringthemiddleartillerywiththetwosideartillery,andYamatoinstalledacannonlaunchdelaydeviceonthemainguntodelaythelaunchtimeofthemiddleartillerycomparedtothetwosideartillery.From3/1000secondsto5/1000seconds,soastoensurethatthethreemaingunscanfireatthesametime.SecondaryArtillery
Sekundární dělostřelectvo Yamato používá čtyři trojitá námořní děla o průměru 155 mm, celkem 12, čtyři zbraně
YamatoBattleship Hydroplane(5 fotografií)
Thetowerswereinstalledonthefrontandrearofthesuperstructureandonbothsidesofthesuperstructure,andtwotowerswereremovedafterthefinalmodification.Others
Yamato je také vybaveno 12 dvojitými 127mm námořními děly, celkem 24 (6 z nich bylo přečteno po úpravě); 45 trojitými, 21 jednomontážními 25 mm námořními děly, celkem 156; dvoumontážními 13,2 mm samopaly, celkem 7 kulometů.
Údaje o výkonu
Šířka lodě
65 000 tun
69 000 tun (zkušební zkouška)
12 kotlů, 4 parní turbíny, výkon hlavního motoru 153 000 koňských sil (zpátečka 45 000 koňských sil ), 6400 tunskladování folií
Třímístná trojitá sadaTyp 9445×průměr460 mm, 9 zbraní celkem
Čtyřnásobně namontovaná 60×průměr 155 mm námořní děla, celkem 12 děl (2 demontované po úpravě)
12Existuje 24 dvojitě namontovaných 127mm námořních děl (z nichž 6 bylo přečteno po úpravě)
45místná třímístná, 21místná jednomístná 25mm námořní děla, celkem 156
Dvoumontážní 13,2mm pistole, celkem 4
7letadla založená na nosné lodi(6)
Dynamika služby
V červnu 1942 se Yamato zúčastnila bitvy uprostřed jako vlajková loď kombinované flotily. Flotila bitevních lodí a flotila letadlových lodí byly použity samostatně. Zúčastněte se bitvy.
Dne 17. srpna 1942 Yamato znovu odjelo. Mise byla podpůrnou operací proti Šalamounovým ostrovům. Nicméně poté, co loď dorazila na Truk Islands, Yamato v bitvě Wright Baynaval (5 fotografií)
wasonlystationedintheportanddidnotparticipateinactualcombat.OnFebruary11,1943,Yamato’ssistershipMusashisucceededYamatoasthenewflagshipofthecombinedfleet.OnMay8th,YamatoleftTrukandreturnedtoWugangtodockforrepairsfor3months,andthenreturnedtoTrukonAugust23.Inthefollowingdays,theshipwasassignedtogotosomeislands.TheJapanesearmydeliveredsuppliesandreplenishedsoldiers.
OnDecember25,1943,theYamatowasattackedbyatorpedofromanAmericansubmarinenearTruk.The165thribonthestarboardsideofthebattleship(neartheNo.3mainturret)washitbyatorpedo.Theimpactoftheexplosioncausedthearc-shapedstructureoftheship'ssidesupportarmorplatetopenetratethelongitudinalsidewallofthewatertightcompartmentforthedefensiveshrapnel.Themachineryroomandthegunpowderstorewerefloodedwithabout3,000tonsofwater.ThedamagedYamatowasevacuatedfromthecombatarea.
OnJanuary16,1944,YamatoreturnedtoWugangagainfordockingandrepair,addingalayerofsteelplatewitha45-degreeinclinationandathicknessof6mminthewaterproofareabelowitssidewaterline.,Toincreaselightningprotectionperformance.Atthesametime,modificationwascarriedouttoimprovetheairdefensecapability.Thetwo155mmturretsonthesideofthebattleshipwereremoved,and6additionaloneswereinstalled.
Potopení"nepotopitelného" Yamato(9 fotografií)
Dvojitý 127 mm S protiletadlovými děly se počet 25 mm protiletadlových děl zvýšil na 98. Zároveň je loď vybavena také protimořským radarem č. 22 a protiletadlovým radarem č. 13.V červnu 1944 se Yamato zúčastnil v Martiriánu.
OnOctober22,1944,asthecoreoftheKuritafleet,theYamatowasattackedbyBruneitoexecutethebattleplanoftheCzechRepublicandparticipateintheBattleofWrightBay.
OnOctober24,1944,YamatoenteredtheSibuyanSeanortheastofWrightIslandandwasattackedbyaircraftcarrier-basedaircraftoftheUSNavy's3rdFleet.Duringthebattle,theYamatowashitbyabombontheforedeckbyanAmericanplane,andtheship'shullwasdamagedintheportanchorlockroom,causingalotofwatertoenter.
OnNovember18,1944,hedepartedfromBruneitoreturntothemainlandonthe24thandarrivedinWugangfordockingrepairandmodification.OnNovember24,1944,theYamatoreturnedtoKurePort,Japan.
OnMarch26,1945,theU.S.ArmybegantolandonOkinawa.Japanattemptedtodispatchafleetofsurfaceships,includingtheYamato,tosupportJapaneseoperationsinOkinawa.OnApril5,theJapaneseMilitaryCommandformallyissuedthe"OperationTenOne"orderfortheYamatotocommitsuicideoperations.OnApril6,10warshipsoftheSecondFleetwithYamatoasitsflagshipwereintheItoSeiichiNavy.Underthecommandofthegeneral,setsailfromtheTokuyamaanchorageinthewesternpartoftheSetoInlandSea.
At12:31onApril7,1945,thefirstattackwaveoftheU.S.Navy’s58taskforcefocusedonattackingtheportsideoftheYamato.4bombsfellneartheNo.3mainturret,2ofwhichA225kgbombpenetratedtherearmaindeckandexploded,destroyingthe155mmsecondaryartilleryandthereservefiringcommandpostattherearofthebattleship.At12:43,atorpedohitthefrontportside.At13:37,threetorpedoeshitthemiddleoftheportsideofthehull.Almostatthesametime,becausea450-kilogramaerialbombdestroyedthedrainvalve,makingtheshipunabletoperformdrainageoperations,thecaptainorderedasymmetricalinjectionofwatertothestarboardcompartmenttorestorethebalanceofthehull,andthespeeddroppedto18knots.At13:44,twotorpedoeshitthemiddleoftheportside,increasingthelefttiltto15-16degrees,whichmadetheship’slarge-caliberantiaircraftgunsunusable.At14:01,threeU.S.aircraftbombshitthemiddleoftheportside.At14:07,atorpedoalsohitthestarboardribofNo.150.At14:12,theYamatowashitbytwotorpedoesinthemiddleandrearoftheportside,andthehulltilted16-18degrees.Sincethestarboardinjectionanddrainageareahasbeenfilledwithwater,watercanonlycontinuetobeinjectedintothemachineryroom,restroomandboilerroom.At14:15,anotherminehittheportsideandthespeedgraduallyreducedto7knots.Thecaptainwasforcedtoissueanabandonmentorder.At14:23,themainartilleryammunitiondepotexplodedandsank.Thecommanderofthe2ndFleet,LieutenantGeneralItoSeiichi,andthethenCaptainYugaYusakuOsaatthetime,had2498survivorsofthe2498deadandonly269(therewerealso7commandersrescued).).
Celkové hodnocení
Ačkoli je bitevní loď Yamato mocná, shoduje se s tím, kdy se stav bitevní lodi bitevní lodi začal nahrazovat letadlovými loděmi a Japonským mořem
Jeřáb YamatoThebattleshipcrane(4fotografie)
Thearmyregardeditasthetrumpcardofthefinalbattle.Thecombinedfleetcouldnotbeusedwithoutpermissionandrarelyplayed.Asaresult,theYamatolackscombatexperienceandburiedhiddendangersforsubsequentoperations.Itssinkingwasannounced.ThedestructionoftheJapanesenavyalsoannouncedtheendoftheeraofgreatartilleryships.The3triple460mmmaingunsoftheYamatobattleshipcanpenetratethemainarmorbeltofanybattleshipintheworld.Themainarmoris410mmthick.Itwashitby2torpedoesorseveralheavyaerialbombsatthesametime.Itwillnotaffectthebattle.Themaximumspeedreaches27knots,andtheconstructioncostisequivalentto3Feilong-classaircraftcarriersor1.6Xianghe-classaircraftcarriers.
Thelarge-scaleindustrialresourcesrequiredfortheconstructionofYamato-classbattleshipsnotonlyexceededJapan’seconomicstrengthatthetime,butalsolimitedthenumberofbattleshipsthatcouldbebuilt.TheJapanesenavy'sdeliberatepursuitofthedisplacementofthisclassofshipshasreachedthepointwheredesignersaredeeplyrestrained.Thiskindofgiantbattleshipwithalargedraftneedstoprovidedeep-wateranchoragesandspecialdocks,whichweakenitsdeploymentflexibility,andthisabilityisactuallyoneofthemostimportantadvantagesofbattleships.
ThemodificationoftheYamato-classbattleship'sairdefensereinforcementwascompletedin1945.Beforethemodification,exceptforits155mmsecondaryguns,theentireship’sairdefensecapabilityonlyreliedonsixtwin127mmguns.And825mmcannons.DuetothebackwarddesignandproductionofJapan’sownanti-aircraftartillery,thedesignofthelong-rangeandshort-rangefirepowercannotbematched,andthereisnoradar-guidedairdefensefirenetwork..
Ačkoli bitevní loď třídy Yamato má obrovskou nosnost, její skutečná bojová ochrana, palebná síla a zpravodajské komunikační schopnosti jsou horší než relativně malé západní bitevní lodě. recenze práce)