Tvořivost

Úvod

Inovace se týká: použití stávajícího modelu myšlení, navržení pohledů, které se liší od konvenčního nebo běžného myšlení, použití existujících znalostí a materiálů v konkrétním prostředí, v souladu s ideálními potřebami, jak splnit společenské potřeby, k novému zlepšení (cesta nebo vytvoření) a lze získat určité příznivé účinky.

Innovationability,innovationabilityisdividedbysubject,themostfrequentlymentionedarenationalinnovationability,regionalinnovationability,enterpriseinnovationability,etc.,andtherearemultipleinnovationindexrankingsthatmeasureinnovationability.

IdeologicalOrigins

Thehistoryofeducationdevelopmentinourcountryforthousandsofyearsisshiningwithsomesimpleandsimpleideasandmethodsforcultivatinginnovativeability.Forexample,morethantwothousandyearsago,Laoziproposedinthe"TaoTeChing"thecreativethoughtof"allthingsintheworldarebornfromexistence,andwhatisbornfromnothing";Confuciusproposedto"teachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude"and"nottobeangryorblameless,nottoblame..Ifyoudon’ttakethethreecornerstogiveafewexamples,itwillbenomore.”thought.In1919,thefamouseducatorTaoXingzhiintroduced"creation"intothefieldofeducationforthefirsttime.Inhisarticle"TopEducators",heproposedtocultivatetalentswith"creativespirit"and"pioneeringspirit",andcultivatingstudents'innovativeabilityisofgreatsignificancetotheprosperityofthecountryandtheriseandfallofthenation.OnNovember24,1998,whenComradeJiangZeminmetwithpeopleinthescientificandtechnologicalcirclesinNovosibirskScienceCity,hepointedout:"Innovationisthesoulofanation’sprogressandaninexhaustibledrivingforcefortheprosperityofacountry.Thekeytoinnovationliesinthegrowthoftalents.Relyingoneducation."Takingthisspeechasanopportunity,Chinahastakenthecultivationofcollegestudents'innovativeabilityasanimportantgoalofeducationreform,whichtriggeredabigdiscussionintheeducationcircleontheconnotationofinnovativeability,thefactorsthatinfluencethecultivationofinnovativeability,andthemethodsandmethods.

Basicconnotation

Lookingattheresearchresultsofthepasttenyears,althoughdomesticscholarshavedifferentunderstandingsofinnovationability,theirexplanationsoftheconnotationofinnovationabilitycanbasicallybedividedintothreeOnepointofview:ThefirstpointofviewisrepresentedbyZhangBaochen,LiYan,ZhangPeng,etc.,whobelievethatinnovationabilityisanindividual'suseofallknowninformation,includingexistingknowledgeandexperience,toproduceacertainunique,novel,socialorpersonalTheabilityofavaluedproduct.Itincludesthreeparts:innovativeconsciousness,innovativethinking,andinnovativeskills.Thecoreisinnovativethinking.ThesecondpointofviewisrepresentedbyAnJiangyingandTianHuiyun,whobelievethatinnovationabilityisrepresentedbytwointerrelatedparts,onepartistheacquisition,reorganizationandapplicationofexistingknowledge;theotherpartistheunderstandingofnewideas,newtechnologies,andnewproducts.Researchandinvention.Thethirdpointofviewstartsfromtheknowledgestructurethatinnovationabilityshouldhave,representedbySongBin,ZhuangShouqiang,PengZongxiang,YinShilong,etc.,believethattheknowledgestructurethatinnovationabilityshouldhaveincludesbasicknowledge,professionalknowledge,toolknowledgeormethodologicalknowledge,andcomprehensiveknowledge.Therearefourtypesofsexualknowledge.Theabovethreepointsofview,althoughtheexpressionmethodsaredifferent,canbasicallyexplaintheconnotationofinnovationabilityclearly.

Significance

Innovativeabilityisthesoulofnationalprogressandthecoreofeconomiccompetition;thecompetitionintoday'ssocietyisnotsomuchacompetitionoftalentsasitisacompetitionofhumancreativity.

Ifthisworlddoesnothavetheabilitytoinnovate,therewillbenocivilizationoftoday’shumanbeings,andmaystillliveaprimitivelifewithorangutans.IfEinstein,EdisonandothershavenotinnovatedAbility,howcantheymakegreatachievementsandgains?Ifapersondoesnothavetheabilitytoinnovate,itcanbesaidtobemediocre;ifanationdoesnothaveinnovativetalents,thenitisabackwardnation.

Theimportanceofyoungpeople'sabilitytocultivateinnovation:1.Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,thetruewealthofcivilizationwillincreasinglymanifestashumancreativity.(1)Therapidincreaseofknowledgerequiresanewgenerationtolearn;(2)Thetechnologicalrevolutionrequiresanewgenerationofinnovationandcreation;(3)TherevitalizationofChinarequiresanewgenerationofpioneeringandadvancing.2.Cultivatingtheinnovativeabilityofyoungpeopleisdeterminedbythecharacteristicsoffuturesocialproduction.3.Cultivatingtheinnovativeabilityofyoungpeopleisofgreatersignificancetoourcountry.Ourcountrymustcatchupwithorsurpassthedevelopedcountriesintheworldby2050andbecomeasocialistmodernpowerwithahighdegreeofmaterialandspiritualcivilization.Thismagnificentplanrequiresthis.Thesuccessortoacausemusthavethespiritofinnovation.Fourth,intellectualpotentialneedstobedevelopedsystematicallybyeducators.

——HenryFord

Buďinovovatordie——ThomasPeters

Nofreedomofthought, noTheremaybeacademicinovace.——ZhouHaizhong

Developmentstatus

Intoday'srapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,innovationawarenessandinnovationcapabilitieshaveincreasinglybecomethemostimportantdecisionsofacountry’sinternationalcompetitivenessandinternationalstatusfactor.Sincethereformandopeningup,mycountry'sinnovationcapabilityhasbeengreatlyimproved,andasmallnumberofscientificresearchandtechnologicalinnovationsalsohaveaplaceintheworld.Buttheunquestionablerealityisthatthereisabiggapbetweenmycountry'sinnovationcapabilityandtheinternationaladvancedlevel.Accordingtorelevantanalysisdatain2001,Chinaranks28thinthecomprehensivecapacityoftechnologicalinnovationamong49majorcountries,whichisalow-middlelevel.IfChinaistoentertheranksofinnovativecountriesin2020,itmeansthatitwilladvance10placesfromthecurrentlevelandenterthetop20intheworld.Inthe21stcentury,China'sscientificandtechnologicalhumanresourcesreached38.5million,rankingfirstintheworld;anditsR&Dpersonnelwere1.09million,rankingsecondintheworld.ThisisthemostpreciousresourcethatChinahasenteredtheranksofinnovativecountriesandcannotbematchedbyanycountry.DataanalysisshowsthatChinesestudentshavestrongtest-takingability,buttheirhands-onability,especiallyinnovationability,arepoor.ThereisalsoacleargapwithstudentsfromdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStates.

Ovlivňující faktory

Objektivní faktory

Národní psychologická "akumulace" tvořená tradiční čínskou kulturou po dlouhou dobu. Čínská tradiční konfuciánská kultura obhajuje "střední" a zdůrazňuje" lidskost a lidskost

one".Confuciusemphasizes"tellingbutnotwriting".Theancientteachingshave"woodsshowintheforest,thewindwilldestroythem",andthefolkproverbiscalled"thegunhitstheheadandthebird".Passeddownfromgenerationtogenerationoverthousandsofyears,ournationhasformedapsychological"accumulation"ofoverseekingstabilityandconvergence,andnotdaringtoseekdifferencesandtakerisks.Althoughtheideasoffeudalsocietyhavebeenstronglyimpactedbythe"May4th"NewCultureMovementandtheEnlightenmentMovement,theyarestilldeeplyrooted.Later,theoutbreakofthe"CulturalRevolution"andtheemergenceof"twoordinarys"wereitsextrememanifestations.ChildreninChinaaretaughtfromanearlyagetolistentotheirparentsathome,teachersatschool,andleadersatworkunits.Therefore,obedienceandobediencehavebecometheirbasicprinciplesoflife.Theylackaninherentimpulsetocreateandlackuniformity.Akindofcriticalthinkingthatboldlyquestioned.

Thecurrentexam-orientededucationmodelhasseriousflaws.Thecurrentexam-orientededucationmodelinmycountryis,inasense,notonlythe"modernversion"ofthetraditionalimperialexaminationeducation,butalsothe"Chineseversion"oftheformerSovietUnion'seducationmodel.Thiseducationmodelhascultivatedgenerationsofsacrificialtalentsandcreatedcountlesssuccessesandbrilliances,buttherearealsoseriousshortcomings:First,theevaluationsystemisastatictestindicator.Theevaluationandassessmentofteachingeffectsandstudentabilitiesadoptsastandardizedevaluationmethod,whichusesstandardandstandardizedtestpaperstoassessandevaluateactiveandcreativeteachersandstudents,thusobliteratingthecreativityofteachersandstudents.Thesecondistheindoctrinationmethodofeducation.Theteacherexplainedthewholeclass,andthestudentsdidnotwriteawordinshorthand.Theteacher'sdutywasto"preach,teach,andresolvedoubts".Thiswayofclasslacksinformationfeedbackandademocraticatmosphere,ismorethanindoctrinated,andlacksininspiration.Thethirdisthatthelearningmethodisbasedonmemory.Thewaystudentsdigestthecontentoftheteacher'sexplanationismemory,theyareforcedtoreadhardbooks,hardtoreadbooks,thereismorethanenoughcopy,andnotenoughinnovation.Atthesametime,youngpeoplebasicallyspendtheirtimeoncampusbeforejoiningthework,withoutgettinginvolvedintherealsociety,andlearningandpracticearefundamentallydisconnected.Thiskindofeducationmodehascausedthecruelcompetitionof"thousandsoftroopsandhorsescrossingthesingle-plankbridge",sothatourstudentslackbothcreativetrainingandaspiritofcooperationwithothers.

Thematerialconditionsandsocialmechanismsforencouragingyoungpeopletoinnovatearenotyetperfect.IntheUnitedStates,one-thirdofthecoursesofyoungstudentsareinmuseums.Planetariumsandlibrariesaregoodplacesforthemtostudy.Therearealsocomputer-basedonlineteaching.Accordingtoreports,childrenovertheageof12intheUnitedStatescanoperatecomputersandaccesstheInternet,whichisknownasthe"onlinegeneration."However,mostareasinmycountryarestillinthestageofuniversalnine-yearcompulsoryeducation,andstudiesaremainlytaughtbyteachersinclassrooms.ExpertsestimatethatwehavebeenbehindtheUnitedStatesforatleast50yearsintermsofbasiceducationmethodsandcarriers.Theseriouslagintheconstructionofeducationandknowledgeinfrastructurewillundoubtedlygreatlyaffectthecultivationofyoungpeople'sinnovativeability.Regardlessofwhetheritisthegovernment,schools,orsocietyandfamilies,thetrainingoftheyounggenerationisfacedwithissuessuchasrepositioningeducationgoals,reselectingeducationmethods,andreassessingeducationeffects.Ifthesedeep-seatedproblemsarenotresolved,itwillbedifficulttoformanincentivemechanismandasocialenvironmentthatencouragesyouthtoinnovate.

Socialfactors

Fromtheperspectiveofthesocialsystemandthespecificsocialenvironmentofyoungpeople’slives,thesocialfactorsthataffectyoungpeople’sinnovativeabilitycanberoughlydividedintosocio-politicalsuperstructurefactorsandsocio-economicbasicfactors.,Socialandculturalconceptfactorsandsocialenvironmentinteractionfactors.

Theinfluenceofthesocialandpoliticalsuperstructureontheinnovationabilityofyoungpeople.ThehistoryofancientandmodernChinaandforeigncountrieshaslongrevealedtoussuchadifficulttruth:ademocratic,harmonious,andstablesocialandpoliticallivingenvironmentisnotonlythepoliticalbasisforthehealthygrowthofintellectualsandyoungtalentsandtheiractiveroles,butalsotheconsciousnessofsocialinnovation.Thebasicprerequisiteforthedevelopment,developmentandtransformationofinnovativespiritandinnovativeabilityintoactualproductivity.Ifasocietydoesnot"havebothfreedomanddiscipline,bothdemocracyandconcentration,aunifiedwill,andalivelypoliticalsituationwithpersonalcomfort",thenitwillloseitsvitalityandvitality.Laggingbehindtheever-developingera,andevenbeingeliminatedbytheworldtrend.Onlybyintegratingpoliticsandpeople,developingandmaintainingademocratic,harmoniousandstablesocialandpoliticallifeenvironmentcanweprovidebasicsocialandpoliticalprerequisitesforthecultivationofyoungpeople'sinnovativeconsciousness,innovativespirit,andinnovativeability.

Theinfluenceofthesocialandeconomicfoundationontheinnovationabilityofyoungpeople."Allactivitiesthatpeopleengageinarerelatedtotheirinterests",thisistheuniversaltruthofMarxism.Asfarastheconditionsforinnovativeactivitiesareconcerned,economicfactorsplayadecisiveroleatafundamentallevel.Therefore,webelievethattheeconomicfoundationisthenecessarysocialconditionsandmaterialbenefitsforthecultivationofyouth'sinnovativeability.

Theinfluenceofsocialandculturalconceptsonthecreativeabilityofyoungpeople.Themodernviewofculturehasgonebeyondthestageofsimplytreatingcultureasasocialideology.Asthesoulandquintessenceofhumansociety’senduringactivitiesandtheirachievements,socialcultureformstheorganicsystemandbasicstructureofsocietyasthetrinityofsocialeconomyandpolitics.Theextensiveeconomicgrowthmodebasedonthehighconsumptionofmaterialresourcesischangingandincreasing.Theriseoftheknowledgeeconomybasedonknowledge,technology,information,andeducationmarkstheadventofatrueculturalerainhumansociety.Thescientificmasssocialistcultureofanationwithahighdegreeofcohesionandascientificandinnovativespiritisthesocialandculturalsubstrateandinnerspiritualpowerforthecultivationofyouth'sinnovativeconsciousness,innovativespiritandinnovativeability.

Theinfluenceofthesocialandculturalcommunicationenvironmentontheinnovationabilityofyoungpeople.Humanisasocialanimal,andallhumanactivitiescannotbesimplyinterpretedasindividualactivities,butareinextricablylinkedwiththesocial,economic,politicalandculturalspaceinwhichtheylive.Theactivitiesofasingleindividualalsoreflecttheinfluenceofsocietyandhavethemeaningofsocialactivities.Theyarerestricted,motivatedandpromotedbyinternalandexternalsocialrules,waysofthinking,andvalues,andareinteractivelyinfluencedbyothermembersofthesociety.Humanactivityisamanifestationofsocialinteraction.Therefore,theoverallscientificandculturalqualityofthesocietyinwhichyoungpeopleareexposed,especiallytheactualstateofgrowthanddevelopmentofinnovativeliteracy,aswellasthespecificsocialandculturalenvironmentandcommunicationsituationsinwhichtheylive,becomeyoungpeople.Importantsocialconditionsorrestrictivefactorsforthecultivationofinnovativeconsciousness,innovativespiritandinnovativeability.

Subjectivefactors

Lackofinnovationawarenessanddesireforinnovation.Manystudentshavenotaccuratelypositionedtheirfuturegoalsafterenteringtheuniversity.Theyareoftenonlysatisfiedwithfindingagoodjoborbeingadmittedtograduateschoolaftergraduation.Thisaffectsthestimulationofcollegestudents’senseofinnovationanddesireforinnovationtoacertainextent..Teenagerswhoareinschool,theyspendalmostalloftheiravailabletimeonlearningtextbookknowledge,completely"learningforexams",neglectingthecultivationoftheirowncreativeability.Theirsenseofinnovationisratherweak,letalonethedesireforinnovation.

Lackofinterestininnovation.Theinterestsofcontemporaryyoungstudentsoftenchangewithtime,environment,andmood.Theyarenotinterestedininnovationmuch,andlackthedepthandbreadthrequiredforinnovation.Thisisverydetrimentaltothecultivationofyoungpeople'sinnovativeability.

Usualthinkingisset.Inthelong-termthinkingpractice,everyonewillformtheirowncustomaryandformattedthinkingmode.Whenfacingexternalthingsorrealproblems,theywillunthinkinglyincorporatethemintoaspecificthinkingframeworkandfollowspecificthinking.Paththinksaboutandprocessesthem,whichisthehabitualtendencyofthinking.Ithastwobasiccharacteristics,oneisitsformalstructure,andtheotherisitsstronginertia.Althoughyoungpeoplearestillintheinitialstageoflifeandhavetheleastconstraintsontheirthinking,withthecontinuousincreaseofknowledgeandexperience,thecognitiveframeworkexistingintheirmindswillgraduallybemodeledandfixed,whichwillweakentheyouth’ssenseofinnovationandinfluenceThedevelopmentofyoungpeople'sinnovativeability.AsFrenchbiologistBernardsaid:"Thebiggestobstacletopeople'slearningisnottheunknown,buttheknown."

ScienceadvocacyandparticipationbehaviorThereisabigcontrastbetweenthem.Itisundeniablethatsomeyoungpeoplearemotivatedtoinnovate.Theyhaveacertainunderstandingofinnovationandhopetoproducenewideasandnewtheoriesintheprocessoflearningandpractice.However,thereisabigcontrastbetweentheiradvocacyofscienceandtheirparticipationinbehavior.Ontheonehand,theyarepursuinginnovationinunderstanding,whichreflectsarelativelyproactivementalstate;ontheotherhand,theyhavebeenslowtoimplementinaction,havenotplayedtheirinitiativeenough,andlackthecourageandabilitytoengageinpractice.

Cultivationprinciples

Cultivatingyoungpeople’sinnovativeabilityisnotonlyastrategicchoiceforrealizingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation,butalsoaninherentneedforyoungpeopletogrowandbecometalents.Itinvolvesvalueorientation,educationreform,materialsecurity,Onlybyprescribingtherightremedy,multi-pronged,andcomprehensivemanagementinallaspectsofsocialmechanismandhumanenvironment,canwemakesubstantialprogress.Inthespecifictrainingprocess,fourbasicprinciplesshouldbefollowed:

Principleofindividualization

Everypersonisaspecialrealitydifferentfromothers.Inasense,individualizationissynonymouswithcreativity.Withoutindividuality,thereisnocreation.Therefore,cultivatingyoungpeople'sinnovativeabilitymustfollowtheprincipleofindividualization,teachingstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude,focusingonstimulatingyoungpeople'sinitiativeandoriginality,andcultivatingtheirindependentconsciousness,independentpersonalityandcriticalspirit.Toestablishtheprincipleofindividualizationofeducation,wemustfirststepoutofthemisunderstandingsinideologicalunderstanding.Itisnecessarytoliberatefromthemisunderstandingof"comprehensiveoveralldevelopmentasopposedtoindividualdevelopment"andfromthemisunderstandingof"understandingall-rounddevelopmentasaveragedevelopment",andtocorrectlyunderstandMarx'stheoryofall-rounddevelopment;andfrom"equalityineducation."Togetridofthemisunderstandings,admitdifferences,developdifferences,encouragecompetition,encouragetop-notch,notseekall-roundtalents,andallowpartialtalents,geniuses,andgeekstosurviveanddevelop.Secondly,wemustcultivateandstrengthentheself-consciousnessandindependentpersonalityofyoungpeoplefromanearlyage.Parentsandteachersmustcompletelychangethestaleconceptof"obedienceisagoodchildandgoodstudent",treatchildrenandstudentswithademocraticandequalattitude,encouragethemtoquestionboldly,andaskmoreabout"why"and"how"everytime.Ideas,maketheirowndecisions,donotrelyon,donotblindlyfollow,guideandprotecttheircuriosity,self-confidence,imaginationanddesiretoexpress,sothattheygraduallydevelopindependent,enterprising,courageousandindependentpersonality.Thethirdistoteachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude.Theso-calledteachingstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitudereferstotheimplementationofdifferenteducationsinaccordancewiththespecificcircumstancesofaperson'sability,personality,andaspirations.Teachersshouldbegoodatinspiringstudents’thirstforknowledgeandcreativity,encouragestudentstospeakboldly,thinkdiligently,discussmore,teachstudentscriticalability,innovativethinkinganddiversityinalllinks,cultivatestudents’innovativespirit,andstrivetocreateArelaxed,freeanddemocratic"teachingandlearning"goodatmosphere.

Systematicprinciple

Theso-calledsystemisanorganicwholewithacertainstructureandacertainoverallfunctioncomposedofanumberofinterrelatedandinteractingelements.Accordingtotheprinciplesofgeneralsystemtheory,ontheonehand,cultivatingyoungpeople’sinnovativeabilityisanorganicwholeincludingcultivatinginnovativeconsciousness,innovativespirit,innovativethinking,andinnovativemethods,andmustnotbeseparated;ontheotherhand,cultivatingyoungpeople’sinnovativeability,Itisahugesocialsystemprojectthatrequirestheparticipationofthegovernment,schools,families,andsociety.Thereisnowayoutforclosededucation.Systemsciencetheoryprovidesmethodologicalenlightenmentandguidanceforustocultivatetheinnovativeabilityofyoungpeople.Asasystematicproject,cultivatingyoungpeople'sinnovationabilityneedstosolvethreemoreprominentproblems:First,wemustfurtherincreasetheintensityofeducationreform.Educationplaysaleadingroleintheoveralldevelopmentofpeopleandsocialprogress.mycountry’scurrenttest-orientededucationmodelnolongermeetstherequirementsofthesocialistmarketeconomyandthedevelopmentofknowledgeeconomy.Itisnecessarytofurtherdeepentheeducationreform,earnestlyimplementthe"DecisiononDeepeningEducationalReformandComprehensivePromotionofQualityEducation"oftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncil,andrealizethetest-orientededucationassoonaspossible.Transitiontoqualityeducationcenteredoncultivatingthespiritofinnovation.Todeepenthereformofeducation,themostimportantthingistobuildeducationonthebasisofmarketmechanism,makeeducationfacethemarketandadapttomarketrequirements.Toadjusttheeducationpolicyandcontentaccordingtothemarket'schangesinlabordemand;usethemarkettoallocateeducationalresources,adjust,concentrate,andreorganizeexistingeducationalresources,promotetheintegrationofindustryandeducation,vigorouslydevelopprivateeducation,andincreaseneweducationalinvestment;Reformtheeducationaladministrativemanagementmodel,relyonthemarketmechanismtoadjustthecomparativerelationshipbetweenteachersandotherprofessionalwagesandteachers'internalwages,andimprovethequalityoftheteachingteam.Thesecondistoestablishavalue-orientedmechanismthatencouragesyouthinnovationinthewholesocietyassoonaspossible.Thesocialvalueorientationhastwofunctions:incentiveandrestraint.Ifthedevelopmentdirectionofpersonalabilityisconsistentwiththedirectionofsocialincentives,itcanreachahigherspeedandbeaidedandrespected;tocultivateyoungpeople'sinnovativeability,itisnecessarytoestablishanincentivemechanismthatencouragesexploration,adventure,questioningandinnovation,includingsocialincentives,Marketincentivesandgovernmentincentivestoformanewvalueorientation.Thethirdistoacceleratetheconstructionofknowledgeinfrastructurewithyouthactivitycenters,museums,planetariums,libraries,etc.asthemainbody,andthemodernizationofeducationaltechnologymarkedbymultimediaaudio-visualteaching,soastoprovideeffectivecarriersandmaterialguaranteesforcultivatingyoungpeople'sinnovativeability.

Practicalprinciples

Practiceisauniqueobjectactivityofhumanbeings,andisthewayofhumanexistence.Marxismbelievesthatthepracticeoftransformingnatureisnotonlytochangetheformofnaturalobjects,butmoreimportantly,tofocusonhumanneeds,goals,andessentialpowersinnaturetotransformitfrom"thingsinitself"to"thingsforme."Therebycreatingthingsthatcannotbeproducedaccordingtothemovementofthefreeworlditself.Theprocessofdividingtheworldintopracticeisactuallytheprocessof"organizingtheworldinthewayofhumanbeings"(TheCompleteWorksofMarxandEngels,Episode42,p.24)andtheprocessofcreatingtheworld.Cultivatingyoungpeople'sinnovativeabilityisinseparablefrompractice,nomatterthepurpose,approach,orfinalresultoftraining.TofollowtheprincipleofpracticeistoadheretotheMarxistviewofeducationandtalents,toinsistthatinnovationisacreativepractice,andtoinsistonusingpracticeastheonlycriterionfortestingandevaluatingtheinnovativeabilityofyoungpeople.

PrincipleofCollaboration

Theso-calledcollaborationreferstothecooperationofseveralpeopleorunitstocompleteacertaintask.Theinnovativeabilityofyoungpeopleisnotonlyrelatedtotheirintellectualfactors,non-intellectualfactorsalsolargelyaffecttheircreativepotential.Thecollaborativefeatureinpersonalitytraitsissuchafactor.Manyeducatorshaverepeatedlycalledforaseriousproblemwiththeonlychildinourcountrythatisnotgoodatcooperationandcommunication.Themainthemeofnationaleducationintheworldhasalsochangedfromcultivatingchildren"learningtosurvive"tocultivatingchildren"learningtocare".SomeonehasconductedacomprehensiveanalysisoftheworkattitudesandmethodsofNobelPrizewinners,andfoundthatamongthe286winnersfrom1901to1972,nearlyone-thirdofthemwereawardedforworkingincooperationwithothers.Incontrast,amongtheunrecognizedscientists,onlyafewactivelycooperatewithothers.Thisresultshowsthatworkingwithotherscanincreasecreativity.Abasicfactisthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasmadeitimpossibleforanyonetogetinvolvedinallaspectsofscienceandtechnologyinhislifetime.Ifyouwanttocreatesomethingonthebasisofexistingscienceandtechnology,youmustlearnto"shareinformation"withothers.Fromthispointofview,humancreativityisnotonlyapersonalquality,butalsoasocialfeature.Tocultivatethespiritofcollaborationamongyoungpeople,wemustfirstcultivatetheiroptimistic,open-minded,andopen-mindedpersonalityfromanearlyage,andlearntogetalongwithandcareforothers.Thesecondistoletthemparticipateinvariouscollectiveactivities,learntoworkinacompetitivecollective,andlearntocreateincooperationwithothers.

Cultivationcountermeasures

Thefocusofcultivatingyoungpeople’sinnovativeabilityshouldbefocusedoncollege,middleandelementaryschoolstudents.Youngstudentshavethepotentialforinnovation.Aslongastheyadoptappropriatemethods,theirabilitytoinnovatecanbegreatlyimproved.Inviewofthelackofinnovativeconsciousnessandweakinnovativeabilityofyoungstudents,wecanexploreandtrythecultivationofinnovativeabilityofyoungstudentsfromthefollowingfiveaspects.

Respektujte osobnostní rozvoj a kreativního ducha studentů

Wecannotregardstudentsasnegativelymanagedobjects,norcanweregardstudentsasinstillingknowledgeContainers,andeachstudentshouldberegardedasasubjectwithcreativepotentialandasubjectwithrichpersonality.Schoolsshouldpayattentiontothedifferencesinstudents'personalitiesandthedevelopmentofstudents'personalities.Otherwise,ifalllinksareover-managed,studentswillbecompletelypassive,andtheirpersonalitieswillnotberespectedanddeveloped,anditwillnotbepossibletotalkaboutcultivatingstudents'creativespiritandinnovativeability.Tothisend,thetraditionaleducationandteachingmanagementsystemshouldbereformed.Forexample,adiversifiedlearningprocessmanagementmodelcanbeimplemented,allowingstudentswhohavenotgraduatedfromuniversitytostarttheirownbusinesses,retainingthemforacertainperiodoftime,andencouragingthosewhodaretoinnovatetostandout.

Vytváření kampusu v inovačním prostředí a v atmosféře inovací

Theconstructionofaschool’sinnovationenvironmentisanecessaryconditionforthecultivationofinnovativetalents.Putitinanimportantpositioninschoolwork.Universitiesshouldmakefulluseofthesecondclassroom,regularlyholdvariousacademiclectures,academicsalonsandcollegestudents’scienceandtechnologyreportmeetings,publishcollegestudentessays,encouragestudentstoactivelyparticipateinacademicactivities,andhaveageneralstudyofknowledgeindifferentfieldsandconductdifferentdisciplines.Inordertolearnhowotherpeople’sthinkingandmethodsofsolvingproblemscreatively,inordertostrengthenthesenseofinnovation;encouragestudentstoboldlyinnovate,allowthemtoparticipateintheteacher’sscientificresearchproject,orthestudentscandrawuptheirowntopicsandassignteacherstoguidethem.Regularlycheckandappraisestudents’scientificresearchtopics,soastocultivatestudents’creativeperseveranceandsenseofresponsibility,expandstudents’horizons,andeffectivelydisplaytheircreativetalents;establishanincentiveandcompetitionmechanism,andholdvariousformsofcompetitions.Studentswithoutstandingachievementsininnovationshallbecommendedandrewarded.Studentswhohaveachievednationalorprovincial(ministerial)innovationachievementsshallbegivenvariousconsiderationsorpreferentialtreatmentsinaccordancewithrelevantregulations.

Constructareasonablecurriculumsystemandsetupspecialinnovativecourses

Thecreativeabilitycomesfromsolidbasicknowledgeandgoodquality.Itisnotenoughtomasterasingleprofessionalknowledge.Therefore,itisveryimportanttostrengthentheconnotationrenewalandextensionofstudents'basiceducation,andtoconstructareasonablecurriculumsystem.Collegeeducationshouldpayattentiontotheinfiltrationofliberalartsandsciences.Wecanoffersomenaturalsciencecoursesforliberalartsstudents,andappropriatelystrengthentheeducationofhumanitiescoursesforsciencestudents,sothattheliberalartsandsciencescanpenetrateeachother;changethedivisionofmajorsandthenarrowrangeofstudents’knowledgeThecurrentsituationistoimplementuniversitysubjectandmajorprofessionaleducation,sothatthecoursescanpenetrateeachotherandbreaktheobviouscourseboundaries.Elementaryandsecondaryschoolsmayarrangesomeinnovativecoursesasappropriatetoguidestudentstoincreasetheirawarenessofinnovationandcultivatetheirinterestininnovation.

Universitiesshouldincreasetheproportionofelectivecoursesandallowstudentstotakecross-departmentalandcross-professionalelectivecoursessothatstudentscanrelyonamajorandfocusoncomprehensiveinterdisciplinarytraining.Thisnotonlyoptimizestheknowledgestructureofstudentsandpreparesthemforfurtherstudiesinacertainprofession,butalsohelpsdevelopstudents'specialinterestsandenablethemtolearnwell,soastoincreasetheirenthusiasmforinnovation.Tosetupaseriesofspecializedinnovativecourses.Thesecoursesexploretheproblemofcreativethinkingfromtheperspectiveofacertainsubjectsuchasthinkingscienceorpsychologyandmethodology.Inthisregard,wemainlyfocusonteachingstudentssomeofthemostbasicscientificresearchandinnovationmethods,suchashowtoselecttopics,howtocollect,analyze,andorganizeinformation,howtorefinearguments(viewpoints),andhowtoorganizeandarrangepapers.Structure;howtodemonstrate;howtomodifythemanuscript,understandthewritingformatandspecificationsofthepaper,etc.Atthesametime,studentsareconsciouslyassignedsomecomprehensivelarge-scalehomeworkorsmallpapers,andstudentsaregivensomebasictraininginscientificresearchandinnovation.Teacherswillthenprovidenecessaryguidanceandguidancetoenablestudentstomasterthemethodsandapproachesofscientificresearchandinnovation.Throughthetrainingofscientificresearchandinnovationpractice,theabilityandlevelofscientificresearchandinnovationwillbesignificantlyimprovedbythemajorityofstudents.

Zlepšit metody výuky a změnit modely výcviku

Interestisthebestteacher.Ifstudentshaveastronginterestinresearchandinnovationintheknowledgetheyhavelearned,theywillhaveastrongthirstforknowledgeandwillbehungryforlearningandresearch.Therefore,doingeverythingpossibletomobilizeandstimulatestudents'interestinscientificresearchandinnovationisthefirstproblemthatteachersmustsolveinclassroomteaching,whichrequiresteacherstocontinuouslyimproveandoptimizeteachingmethods.

Itisnecessarytochangetheteachingmethodthatused"teacherunilaterally"asthemainteachingmethodto"inspirestudentstoactivelypursueknowledge."Activelypracticeheuristicanddiscussion-basedteaching,inspirestudents'awarenessofindependentthinkingandinnovation,trainthemtoenhancetheirinnovationabilityonthebasisofindependence,andeffectivelyimprovethequalityofteaching.Letstudentsfeelandunderstandtheprocessofknowledgegenerationanddevelopment,andcultivatestudents'scientificspiritandcreativethinkinghabits.Activelycreateconditionsforstudentstoactivelyparticipateintheteachingprocesssothatstudentscanchangefrompassivelearningtoactivelearning.Itisnecessarytofullymobilizethestudents'self-consciousnessandenthusiasminlearningtomakethemactiveintheirthinking,goodatusingtheirbrains,andabletosolvevariousproblems.Intermsofteachingmethods,accordingtothe"acceptabilityprinciple",selectteachingmaterialsthataretrulysuitableforcollegestudents,focusingoncultivatingstudents'awarenessandabilitytoacquire,use,andcreateknowledge.Teachersshouldworkhardtotapthepotentialofeachstudent,cultivatestudents'senseofinnovation,andstimulatestudents'creativeenthusiasm.

Zlepšení metod vyšetření

Traditionalclassroomteachingemphasizesthetransferofexistingknowledge,andstudentscanonlyrelyontheaccumulationofknowledgebyrotememorization.Passtheexamsmoothly.Suchanexaminationmethodisobviouslynotconducivetothecultivationofstudents'innovativeability,whichrequiresustoreformthetraditionalexaminationmethod.Thenewexaminationmodelnotonlyexaminesstudents'knowledge,butalsoexaminesstudents'abilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblemscreatively,soastocultivatestudents'senseofinnovationandability.

Intermsofexaminationmethods,wecanconductanappropriateamountofopen-bookexaminations.Duringtheexam,studentsareallowedtobringtextbooks,notesandothermaterials,andstudentsareallowedtoexpressdifferentopinions.Thosewithcreativeopinionsshouldbeencouragedtoguidestudents'energytotheanalysisandsolutionofproblems.Somecoursescanalsoreplacethetraditionalclosed-booktestwithcomprehensivelargeassignmentsandsmallessays,relaxthetesttimelimit,sothattheycancollectinformationanddomorein-depthdiscussionandresearchonrelatedissues.

Intermsofthecontentofthetest,weshouldminimizethecontentofthetestpaperthatneedstobememorizedintermsofbasicknowledgeandbasictheories,andarrangeasmuchaspossiblesomeexploratoryquestionsthatdonothaveaunifiedstandardanswer.StudentsneedtofullyIn-depththinkingcananswerthem;ortoarrangesomecomprehensivequestions,studentsneedtousethetheoreticalknowledgetheyhavelearnedthroughrepeatedandcarefulanalysisandthinkingtoanswer.Thisisconducivetocultivatingstudents'creativethinkingandcreativity,andplaysanimportantroleinguidingthem.

Formsofexpression

Whenitcomestocorporateinnovation,peopleoftenthinkoftechnologicalinnovationandproductinnovation.Infact,theformsofcorporateinnovationarefarmorethanthese.Generally,corporateinnovationmainlyincludesdevelopmentstrategyinnovation,product(orservice)innovation,technologicalinnovation,organizationandsysteminnovation,managementinnovation,marketinginnovation,andculturalinnovation.

1.Developmentstrategyinnovation.Developmentstrategyinnovationistoreformtheoriginaldevelopmentstrategy,inordertoformulateahigherlevelofdevelopmentstrategy.Torealizetheinnovationofenterprisedevelopmentstrategy,itisnecessarytoformulatenewbusinesscontent,newbusinessmethods,newpersonnelframework,newmanagementsystem,newbusinessstrategy,etc.

Enterprisesgenerallyfacethetaskofdevelopmentstrategyinnovation.Forexample,thecurrentbusinessstrategiesofsomecompaniesareobviouslyoutdated,somecompaniesareobviouslytoowideinscope,somecompaniesareobviouslytoolong,andsomecompaniesarealreadyseriouslyoutoftouchwiththeirownspecialties.Ifsuchenterprisesdonotrepositionthemselves,theirdevelopmentprospectsareworrisome.Foranotherexample,manycompaniesneedtore-solvetheproblemofwhattheyrelyontooperate.Relyingonmonopolystatus?Relyingonadministrativeprotection?Relyingonfinancialstrength?Relyingonexistingtechnology?Theseareprobablygraduallyunreliable.Inordertofundamentallyimprovetheoperatingconditions,wecanonlyfindnewsourcesofsupport.

Second,product(service)innovation.Forproductioncompanies,thisisproductinnovation;forserviceindustries,itismainlyserviceinnovation.Forexample,mobilephoneshaveevolvedfromanalogtodigital,visualdigital,andmobilephonesthatcanaccesstheInternetandtakephotosinjustafewyears.Theupdatingofmobilephonesvividlytellsushowfasttheinnovationofproductsis.

Three,technologicalinnovation.Technologicalinnovationisthesourceofenterprisedevelopmentandthefoundationofcompetition.Asfarasanenterpriseisconcerned,technologicalinnovationnotonlyreferstothecommercialapplicationofindependentlyinnovativetechnologies,butalsotheinnovativeapplicationofnewtechnologiesobtainedlegally,developedbyotherparties,ortechnologiesthathaveenteredthepublicdomaintocreatemarketadvantages.Forexample,Wal-mart(Wal-mart)tooktheleadintheworldin1980totryoutbarcodeorUniversalProductCode(UPC)technology.Asaresult,itincreasedtheircashierefficiencyby50%andgreatlyreducedoperatingcosts.

Fourth,organizationandsysteminnovation.Therearethreemaintypesoforganizationalandinstitutionalinnovation:First,reformandinnovationfocusingonorganizationalstructure,suchasre-dividingormergingdepartments,organizationalprocesstransformation,changingpositionsandjobresponsibilities,andadjustingmanagementranges.Thesecondispeople-focusedchangeandinnovation,thatis,changingemployees'conceptsandattitudes,includingknowledgerenewal,attitudechange,personalbehaviorandeventheentiregroupbehaviorchange.Forexample,GEPresidentWelchhastakenaseriesofmeasuresafterhetookofficetopromoteGE,anoldcompany,toregainitsmotivationforinnovation.Thereisadepartmentheadwhoworksverywell,andhisdepartmenthasbeenprofitableforseveralyears,butWelchthinksitcandobetter.Thesupervisordidnotunderstand.Welchsuggestedthathetakeaone-monthvacation,putdowneverything,andwhenhecomesback,hewillbecomelikehejusttookoverthepositioninsteadofhavingbeeninthepositionfor4years.Afterthevacation,thesupervisorreallyadjustedhismentality,asifhehadchangedhimself,andhadnewideasandcountermeasuresfortheworkofthedepartment.Thethirdisinnovationfocusingontasksandtechnology,thatis,therecombinationandallocationoftasks,andthroughupdatingequipment,technologicalinnovation,etc.,toachievethepurposeoforganizationalinnovation.

Fifth,managementinnovation.Thereisnofixedandbestmanagementmethodintheworld.Managementmethodsareoftenchangedduetoenvironmentalconditionsandchangesinthemanaged.Thischangeis,toacertainextent,managementinnovation.Forexample,IntelPresidentAndrewGrove'smanagementinnovationischangedduetoenvironmentalconditionsandchangesinthemanaged:implementationofoutput-orientedmanagement-outputisnotlimitedtoengineersandworkers,butalsoappliestoexecutivesandmanagers;InIntel(Intel),employeesarenotonlyresponsibletotheirbosses,butalsototheircolleagues;theybreakdownbarriersandcultivatecloserelationshipsbetweensupervisorsandemployees.

Šest, marketingové inovace. Marketingové inovace se týkají inovací v marketingových strategiích, kanálech, metodách a plánování reklamy a propagace. Například přímý prodej Avon a MLMar Amway jsou oba marketingové inovace.

Seven,culturalinnovation.Culturalinnovationreferstotheinnovationofcorporateculture.Keepingpacewiththetimesandtimelyinnovationofcorporateculturecankeepcorporatecultureinadynamicdevelopmentprocess.Thiscannotonlymaintainthedevelopmentoftheenterprise,butalsobringnewhistoricalmissionandtimesignificancetotheenterprise.

Ovlivňující faktory

Za prvé, podniková kultura

Corporatecultureisanimportantfactorthataffectscorporateinnovationandchangewithinanenterprise.Corporatecultureisthe"glue"thatunitesthecompany.Thiscohesiveeffectisfullyreflectedinallaspectsofthecompany.Anyinitiativetoimprovethecompany'sinnovationcapabilitiesmusthaveacorrespondingcorporateculturetransformationplan.

Thecorporateculturethatismostconducivetoinnovationshouldbethis:amoreextrovertedratherthanclosedculture;amoreflexibleandadaptablecultureratherthanacultureofstability;flatratherthanhierarchicalManagementculture.Thecorporatecultureshouldalsoemphasizecontinuouslearningandcontinuousadaptation.Insupportingandencouraginginnovation,ifcorporateculturewantstoplayakeyrole,itmuststrivetopenetratetheroleandinfluenceofculturetoalllevelsofcorporatestrategy,suchasemployees,policies,corporatebehavior,incentivemechanisms,corporatelanguageandsystemarchitecture,etc.Wait.

Throughasamplesurvey,HayConsulting,aworld-renownedmanagementconsultingcompany,foundthattheworld’sleadinginnovativecompaniespossess10characteristics.These10characteristicsare:vision,atmosphere,talentedemployees,Well-trainedmanagers,nurturingenvironment,patience,toleranceforfailure,investmentinresearchanddevelopment,andgoodorganizationalstructures,processesandsystemsthatareconducivetoinnovation.Thesecharacteristicsoftenmeanthatinthesecompanies,peoplewanttobethebest,goalsandexpectationsareclearlydefined,peoplearegivenproperauthorization,andnewideasareeasytoaccept.Thecorporateculturethatmostpromotesinnovationoftenemphasizesteamwork,customer-centricity,fairtreatmentofemployees,andtakinginitiative.

Zadruhé, styl vedení

Theleaderofanenterpriseplaysavitalroleinpromotinginnovation,andthestyleoftheleaderdirectlydeterminesthelevelofinnovationabilityoftheenterprise.Becausetheleadershipstyleoftenshapesthecorporatecultureandatmosphere.Thosewhoareeffectiveleadersoftenprovideinnovativedirections,establishanorganizationalcultureandatmosphereconducivetoinnovation,encourageindividualinitiative,andpromoteeffectivemulti-functionalteamcollaborationandintegrationtoensurethepromotionofbestpracticesinthecompanyAndmakefulluseofit.

Leadershipstylescanbedividedintosixtypes:compulsory,authoritative,friendly,democratic,leadingandcoaching.Dr.MurrayDalziel,PresidentofHayGroup,believesthattheleadershipstylesofthemostinnovativecompaniesareusuallyauthoritative,friendlyandcoaching.Thesethreetypesofleadershipstylescanoftenprovideaclearvisionanddirection,cultivateteamharmony,andfocusonthelong-termdevelopmentofindividuals,sotheyaremoreconducivetocorporateinnovation.

Dr.Murraybelieves:"Itiseasyforfront-linemanagerstochangetheirresultsbychangingthemselves,butseniormanagersofenterprisesneedtochangetheatmosphereoftheteambychangingtheirleadershipstyle,therebyaffectingthemembersoftheteam."

3.Schopnost učit se zaměstnanců

Employeeswhoconstantlylearnandrechargeformthefoundationofinnovationabilityintheenterprise.Companiesmusthaveanongoingtrainingprogramtoencourageemployees,tellingthemthathavinginnovativethinkingisessentialtothedevelopmentoftheentirecompany.Inthisongoingtrainingprogram,varioustoolsmustalsobeapplied,whichmustbeabletopromotedifferentiationandharmony.Thedifferentiationheremeansthatdifferentopinionsshouldbeexpressedwithoutreservation,andgoodideascanformabrainstorm;andharmonymeansthattheteamshouldeffectivelycollaboratetoimplementinnovativeideas.Weshouldconsideraddingabroaderlevelofcontenttothealreadyformedskilltrainingprogram,sothattheseskillscanmakeemployeespayattentiontointuition,thinkinginimages,andtacitunderstandingbetweeneachother.

Čtyři. Inovativní mechanismus hodnocení

Intheexistingperformanceevaluationprocessofanenterprise,innovationshouldbeincorporatedintotheevaluationsystem.Ifinnovationisincorporatedintotheperformanceevaluationsystemofindividualsandenterprises,thereshouldbecorrespondingincentivemechanismsandrewardsystems.Thesuccessofinnovationcanonlybemeasuredafteryearsoftesting.Therefore,bothshort-termandlong-termevaluationsystemsshouldbeinplaceatthesametime.

Za páté, iniciativa a duch spolupráce zaměstnanců

Takeactionquickly,haveastrongsenseofownership,andhaveagoodteamworkspiritandfullcommunicationbetweenemployees.AtypicalexampleisPhilips.Theyhavetwoproductlines,namelycardiacresuscitationmachinesandhomehealthcareproducts.Inthepast,thetwoproductlineswereaimedathospitalsandfamilies,andtherewasnooverlap.Later,thepersonsinchargeofthesetwoproductlinesoftenmettogethertostudyandinnovateproducts,sothattheheartresuscitationmachinebegantoentermanyfamilies,andtheintegrationeffectofthetwoproductlineswasrealized.

Protiopatření ke zlepšení inovací

1. Propagujte inovativní nápady vedoucích podniků

Businessleadersmustestablishknowledgevalues​​andestablishtheconceptof"lifelonglearning",Continuouslyimprovelearningability.Ontheonehand,businessleadersmustattachgreatimportancetotheupdateoftheirownknowledgestructureandestablishtheirownknowledgevalueconcept;ontheotherhand,theymustadapttothechangesoftheenterprise,continuouslyimprovetheirthinkingandworkideas,attachimportancetothevalueofknowledgeoftheenterprise,andpasseffectiveincentivesPromotetheappreciationofthevalueofknowledgeownedbytheenterprise.2.Establishanincentivemechanismforenterpriseinnovation

First,implementaprojectresponsibilitysystemforthedevelopmentofnewproducts(services).Thecoreideaistoimplementthedivisionofresponsibilitiesandworkcontentofvariouspersonnelinprojectdevelopment,whileembodyingtheprincipleofeconomicremunerationoflargeresponsibilities,largecontributions,andlargereturns.Theenthusiasmofemployeestoparticipateininnovationcanbemobilizedbymeansoftechnologyshareholdingandincomestratification.Establisharewardandpublicitysystemforscientificandtechnologicaltalentsandscientificandtechnologicalachievements,andpromotetheinnovationofallemployeesbyrewardingandpublicizingseveralkeyprojectsandpersonnelwithoutstandingcontributionseveryyear.

Secondly,implementtheeliminationsystemforpositioncompetition.Encourageandpromotejobcompetitioninafairenvironment.Iftechniciansandmanagersdonotworkhardforalongtimeandcannotbecomeindependenttalents,thencompaniesmustconsideradjustingtheirpositions,otherwisethenewgenerationoftalentswillnotgrowup.

Again,implementthe"reasonabletalentmobilitysystem."Onthebasisofensuringrelativelystableworkarrangements,product(service)developerscantakeproduct(service)developmentandmarketproblemstoparticipateinscientificresearchanddevelopmentprojectsinsideandoutsidetheenterprise,andscientificresearchersoutsidetheenterprisecanalsobringscientificresearchresultstotheenterprisetodotechnologyTransformationworkandtheestablishmentofthiskindoftalentflowmechanismcansolvetheobstaclesofknowledge,technology,andinformationexchange,whichisconducivetothecultivationofinnovativeteams.

Nakonec zaveďte firemní systém ochrany duševního vlastnictví. Znalosti, technologie a informace jsou všechny „nehmotné látky“, které se výrazně liší od „hmotných látek“, jako jsou materiály a vybavení.

3. Budování inovativní firemní kultury, která „podporuje rizika a toleruje selhání“

Innovativecorporatecultureismanifestedintwoaspects:Ontheonehand,itcreatesanatmosphereofadvocatinginnovationwithinthecompany.Createacultureofinnovationandmakeeveryemployeeasourceofinnovation;ontheotherhand,weshouldadoptagenerousandtolerantattitudetowardssetbacksandfailuresencounteredininnovation.Cultivatinganinnovativecultureisthedrivingforceforemployeestocontinuouslyputforwardnewscientificideasandnewproductionplans,createnewknowledgeandnewproducts,andnurturenewideasandideas.Enterprisesmustabandonthetraditionalrigidmanagementmethods,breakthroughtheoriginalwayofthinking,dilutethedistancebetweenemployeesandleaders,andadoptaleadershipmethodthatfocusesonsupportandcoordination.Leadersmustactivelysupportemployees’innovativeideasbasedonscience,sothatemployeeshaveabroadvision,richimagination,andenterprisingambitionsinthisculturalatmosphere,makingmanagementmorediversified,humane,andFlexibilitytoencouragetheiractivededicationandinnovation.ThereasonwhyNokiahasalowturnoverrateisthattheirexperienceistotoleratefailureandencouragerisk-taking.ThepresidentofNokiaoncesaid:"Ifmyemployeelivesinfear,thenhewillnotbecreative."Nokiahascreatedanenvironmentforeveryemployeetobecreativeandtransformtheirideasintocollectiveactions.

Čtyři. Posílení školení zaměstnanců

Theinnovativeabilityofcorporateemployeesisnotinnate,anddependstoalargeextentonacquiredlearningandtraining.Therefore,companiesshouldpayattentiontotheimprovementofemployeequality,increasetheinvestmentinemployeelearningandtraining,strengthenthelearningandtrainingofinnovationforemployees,andimproveinnovationskills,soastoimprovethecompany'sinnovationlevelandsustainabledevelopmentcapabilities.