Culturalcrisis
Theseriousrealityofculturallossinthecenturyisobscuredbyavarietyofobjects;theaccumulationofknowledgeisonlytheexpansionofformationswithoutgrowthtexture;sciencehasbecometechnologicalspeculation;philosophyhaslostitsnativeplaceThefoundation;historyisjustascepter;materialismcoverstheruinsofphilosophy,andtheoriginalsoilofthoughthasbeenlost;theremainingweakurgetoexploremakestheintellectualsunwillingtodeclarethespiritualdeathofnearlyacentury,butonlyhistoricismThehypocrisyofdatingcanbringthemtheillusoryhappinessofchangingtheworld;theydon'trealizethedignityofexistence,andthemeaningoffaintanddecay.
Ontheotherhand,thepubliccannotgetthepeaceofthesoulfromthedailylifeofthespiritofslack;idealsandbeliefsaremisusedandexiled;dignityistrampledwithoutpain;humannatureisdistortedandputonheavyshacklesThehomelandfeelsindifferent,thereisnowheretoreturntothehomeland,theimpetuousmindisoverwhelmedbythings,repellingloveandfaith;aestheticsisirrefutableintotheextremeconfusionofdysfunction;artisticcreationisblocked,andliteraturehasbeenbarren.
Themostseriouscrisisisnotthesefacts,butthedenialandignoranceofthefacts;thesaddestthingisnotthespreadofpessimism,butthesenseoftragedybeingreplacedbythecheapculturalself-sufficiencyoftheflourishingage,Theconcealmentandmodificationofthecrisishasbecomeaccustomedtoit,andithasbecomearuleandorder.Theculturalmediaandtheirmanipulators,intellectualsandtheirdependentinstitutionsareallenjoyingthesenseofsecuritybroughttothembypracticalutilitarianisminignoranceandnumbness.Cynicfascinationandcarnivalhavebecomethemostvirtuousbehaviorofintellectuals.
Wehavemissedtheopportunitytopredictthiscrisis,soitisourdutytodescribeandtryourbesttocontainthiscrisis.Theparticularityofthecontextinwhichthiscrisisoccurscancelsthereferentialityoftreatment.Itwillbedifferentfromthefractureandconflictbetweenthetechnicalandeconomicfieldsandthepoliticalandculturalfields,anditwillbedifferentfromtheculturalcrisisofthecapitalistworld,becausefunctionalrationalityandProtestantethicalspiritwillinevitablylosetheirregulatingfunctionastheaxisprinciple.Itwillbeadiseaseofculturalpsychologicalstructure,evenbasicdiseaseandgeneticmutation,itistheinevitableresultofculturalaxisstructureandculturalcyclemechanismfallingintoconfusion.Thisculturalrealityisconstantlycancelingthetranscendencedemandsofsurvival,andthelossofmeaningcausedbythepursuitofindulgences,anddisintegratingtheconstructionofthevaluesystemofcultureforsurvival.Theculturalupsanddownslinkedtothiscrisisaredeeplyingrained,whichmeansthattheredeemerswillaccepttheresponsibilitiesshirkedbygenerations,cleanuptheirrevolutionarypassionandconservativementality,andenteralongself-examinationaboutthecultivationoftheirownculture.
Theinitialawakeningisalwayslonely.Thereisnodiscourseparadigmtostatethiscrisis,andtheangerofshoutingandthefearbeforethedeathmustbeoutofdate.However,everythingweseeandhearmustbeseenandshockedbytheworld.Becauseitispreciselythesethingsthatareeasytoturnablindeyeandhearnothingaboutthatleadthecultureofthiseratocontinuetowardtheprecarioushinterlandwithoutevennoticingit.
Kulturní selhání
Žijeme v době globalizace. Náš duch a přežití jsou hluboce spojeny s globalizací. Globalizace ovlivňuje naši politiku, ekonomiku, kulturu, ducha a každodenní život.
Wehavenochoice.
Nemůžeme selhat.
Oureconomicrisehasgivenusconfidence.Wehaveinitiallyshowntotheworldourimmenseenergyandbroadfuture.Therefore,wehavetheimpulseandimaginationof"theriseofgreatpowers."This,ofcourse,hasacertainbasisontheeconomiclevel.Thismaybeafact,oritwillbeafact.Butintheculturalsense,itisacompleteillusion.Undertheimpactofglobalization,ourculturehasfailed.
Ourculturalfailureisfirstmanifestedinthesystem.Wehavenotcreatedauniqueandeffectiveculturalsystemtomeetthechallengesofglobalization.Sincethereformandopeningup,wehavecontinuouslymadehugebreakthroughsininstitutionalinnovationintheeconomicfield.Theeconomicvitalityofournationhasbeenunprecedentedlyreleased.Thisisthefundamentalprerequisiteforoureconomicrise.Butculturally,oursysteminnovationhaslaggedfarbehind,andtheadvancementisquitelimited.Onsomeissues,wearecomplacentandworrisome;inmanyrespects,wefetterourselvesandlinger.Wehavesomereforms.Butfundamentally,theculturalvitalityofournationhasnotbeenactivated.Ourculturalautonomylacksduerespectanddueinstitutionalguarantees.Greatculturalcreationundoubtedlyrequiresafreemind.Intheglobalculturalshockandglobalculturalcompetition,ifourculturalsystemremainsthesame,thenourculturewillfail,anditwillinevitablyremainthesame;
Ourculturefails,Itisalsomanifestedinculturalconcepts.WehavenotbeenabletoeffectivelycompletethecreativetransformationofChineseclassicaltraditions.Someoftheculturalspiritofourancestorswasmisunderstoodbyus,someweremisusedbyus,andsomewerefrivolousorabandonedbyus.Whatweworshipisevenwhatweshoulddiscard;forourmoderntraditions,wehavenotbeenabletofullyconsciouslyandquiteeffectivelycleanup,reflectandinherit.Theenlightenmentcareerofintellectuals,whichbeganatthebeginningofthelastcentury,hasrepeatedlyfailed,andhasfallenintoembarrassment.Therevolutionarytraditionhasbeenrashlyabandonedbyusbecauseofthecomplexityofitshistoricalpractice.Wehavenotbeenabletotreatourmodernheritagecorrectly;forworldculture,althoughweclaimtobeopen,comparedwithourownhistory,ouropennessishuge,butthisopennessisstillverylimited.Asahugesymbol,"HundredsofForums"-thisuniqueculturalcarnivalofournationandourtime,sofar,theessenceofWesternculturethatexistedinancientGreece,suchasfreedomanddemocracy,isstillinsufficient.Andconsciousintroduction.Onthisissue,welacktherightmind;
Ourculturalfailureisalsoreflectedinourculturalproduction.Ourculturalproductioninpublishing,filmandtelevision,music,animationandotherindustrieshasnotonlyfailedtorivaltheUnitedStates,EuropeandJapan,buthasevenlosttoSouthKorearecently.Ouradministrativeofficialswillonlytrytheirbestontheentryofforeignculturalproductsandtheprotectionoflocalresources(suchaschannels).Ourpeople,andourpractitioners,canonlyexpressemotionalanger.Wedon’tevenknowwhatexactlyisthemostfundamentalfactorthatdeterminesthevitalityofanation’sculturalproduction?Onthisissue,wearestillwanderinginthedark.Ifthisproblemisnotresolved,wearedestinedtocontinuetofail.
Cultureisthesoulofanation.Thefailureofcultureshowstheweaknessofoursouls.Theculturalfailureintheeraofglobalizationisourculturalrealityaswellasourspiritualreality.Whatournationisfacingisaculturalsituationthatiseitherlifeordeath.TheculturalrejuvenationoftheChinesenationisourdream.Butsuchdreams,especiallytherealizationofdreams,mustbebuiltonthebasisoffacinguptothefailureofourculture.Wecannotbeblindlyoptimistic.Wemustfacerealitysquarely,facesuchsevererealitywithastrongmentalattitude,andacceptchallenges.
SincetheemergenceofthegreatChinese,IndianandWesterncivilizationsinthefirstaxialbreakthroughfromthe8thcenturytothe2ndcenturyBC,mankindisfacingasecondbreakthrough.Insuchahugebreakthrough,wecannotbeblindlyoptimistic,norcanwebewillingtofail.Theremustbeaprofoundreviewofourcivilization,cultureandspirit,sothatourculturewillgofromfailuretorejuvenation.OnlyinsuchagreatbreakthroughwillwehavethegreatfigureoftheChinesenation.
PopularCulture
Aftertheinceptionofnewculture,themindsofculturalpeoplehavebeentightlyentangledinthenightmaredilemmaofwhetherornotbeingpopularized.Theyhopethattheirculturalcreationscanexposetheirillnessesandenlightenthepeople.Theyhopethatthelightofreasoncanshinethroughtheendlessdarknessandignorance.Theyhopethatthiscupofnewwine,burningwiththefireofsalvationandsurgingwithpassionfordedication,canbeinstalledintheold.Thebottleallowseveryonetodrinkupwithoutknowingit.However,theywerealsoafraidthatthevastgloomwouldswallowthatrayoflight,andtheywereafraidthattheoldbottlewouldcontaminatethenewwine,causingittoemitastenchthathadbeenpermeatingforthousandsofyears.
Withtheadventoftheeraofpopularculture,thisdilemmaandthepsychologicalsufferingcausedbyithavelongbeenexpelled.Ifanyoneisworriedaboutthis,hewillbeconsideredalunatic.No,notevenalunatic.Thelunatichasthespiritualdepthplowedbythehugegapbetweenidealandreality.Madmenareheroesandnoblesintheageofidealism.Theywillbeseenaspoor,down-and-comingguys,arrogantnastyeggs,idiotswhocarveboatsandswords,andevenpretendingtobesophisticatedconspiratorswithulteriormotives.Thisisanerathathassmoothedoutthebarriersofhighandlow,inferiority,beautyandugliness,aneraofhugepursuits,disregardingandevenmockingquality,andaneraoftotalcontrolbyeyeballs,remotecontrols,click-throughrates,andsales.Aculturalpersonstandsinawildgoosewithheavymake-up,waitingforthetimewhenthepublicisluckyinthedimnessofwine.Insuchanera,idealsarejoking,spiritisnonsense,andsalvationisasuperfluousact.Peoplekeeptheireyesfixedonthebenefactor,thepublic'ssmirkandthemoneybagtheydecidewhethertountieornotbasedonthesmirk.Afterall,theerawhenthemassesbecamethebenefactorisanerawhenmoneyissupreme.
So,popularculturecompletelyreversedthepreviousculturallogic:inthepast,theminorityledthemajority,nowthemajoritydecidestheminority;itusedtobetheclimbingoftheelite,butnowitisthecareerofthegangsters.Thegoodpeoplecheeredforthis,thinkingthatthiswasafundamentalturningpointforChineseculturetobreakthroughthesiegeofaristocracyandthepeoplefinallybecamethemastersofthecountry.However,aftercarefullyanalyzingthisturningpoint,wefoundsadlythatthiswasasuicidefall.Thepublic'sambiguousaestheticperiodobliteratedthearduousspiritualadventureoftheelite;thiswasacatastrophicreturnandwaseliminatedbytheNewCultureMovement.Theghostscamebacktolifeonebyone.What'smoredeadlyisthatintheuncontroversialcarnivalofrelativism,themasses'miscellaneousandobscuretastesaregrantedculturalimmunity,andtheyareeventreatedasself-evidenttruthsbecauseofthehugebase.Asaresult,thenationalspiritualtrekhasnoguidinglights,andbecomesawilddancewithoutdirection,depth,andfuture.
Themosttypicalsymptomintheeraofmasscultureisthat"HundredsofForums"hasbecome"People'sStorytellers"."Family"originallyreferstothescholarswhohavetheirownidealsandreadthousandsofbooksandtravelthousandsofmilestodemonstrateandpractice.The"HundredSchoolsForum"shouldbeaplatformforthemtoargueandforgeeachother,anditisforthemtotransmitknowledgeandideastothepublic.Theclassroomoffeelingsisatraininggroundformassspiritualgymnastics.However,sincethemasseshavebecomethebenefactorintheprocessofculturaldissemination,everythingmustbelistenedtobythem.Wherearetheywillingtosittightlyunderyourguidance,howcantheygobeyondthe"pigstyideal"todomentalgymnastics.Theyhopetohearasecrethistoryofthepalaceafterameal,orabattlebetweenpoliticalcirclesandmilitarystrategists,oraloomingscandalofagreatfigure.Therefore,itwasYiZhongtian,JiLianhai,YanChongnian,LiuXinwu,WangLiqunandotherstorytellerswhoweregoodatshakingtheirlipsandtongues,insteadof"Hundreds"whotookthestageandbecamehotculturalstars.ThesestorytellersnarratedtheblackhistoryofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,talkedaboutCaoCao’streacherousness,andtalkedaboutharmony?
TheimaginaryandunreasonablesnakesofJiXiaolan,seeminglyinvariousposesandfullofwit,arealwaysthecoolestpassagesinChinesehistoryandChinaThedarkestcornersinpeople’shearts:becomingkingsanddefeatingbandits,people’sheartsaresinister,wisetoprotectthemselves,theyonlysaythreepointswhentheymeetpeople,andcan’tthrowawayaheart...Therearenofeelings,nodreams,noupwardefforts,onlynakedstruggles.Thepublicjustuseditasareferencetodoingthingsandamagicweaponfordoingthings.Theriseofthe"HundredSchoolsForum"turnedouttobetheriseofChinese-stylesediment.
Whatcanbeaskedis,isthepublicreallysoignorantandfaint?Isthistheoriginaltruth,orisittheassumptionsorevendeliberateshapingofculturalpeople?Ifitisconjecture,literatistillregardthemassesasobjectsandwalkintotheinnerworldofthemasseswithoutsincererespect.Ifitisdeliberatelyshaped,theliteratiwillbeevenmoresinful,becauseforthesakeofeconomicbenefits,theyrelentlesslyignorethekindofgoodthoughtsthatthepublicmusthave,andcatertotheirscabaddictiontosecrethistoryandrhyme.Theignoranceofpopularcultureoriginallyoriginatednotonlyfromtheignoranceofthepublic,butalsofromthefanfareandfueloftheliterati.
The"ThreeCharactersClassic"says:"Atthebeginningofman,natureisgood"and"Ifyoudonotteach,natureischanging".Thegoodnessofathoughtintheheartofpeopleissoprecious,yetsofragile,andrequiresthelong-termcultivationandtendercareofeducation.Undertheconspiracyofthemassesandculturalpeople,massculturetramplesonthegoodnessofthisideawantonly.Everyonewithaconscienceshouldlistentothegentleandpersistentcallofthe"SanZiJing".
Thesinsofintellectuals
Thisisaneraofcollectivemalfeasancebyintellectuals.Inthefaceoftoomuchdarknessandtoomuchinjusticeinthesociety,inthefaceoftheproliferationoffalsehoodsinthesociety,andtheflowofdesires,manyintellectualshavehardlymadetheirownpowerfulvoices,butcollectivesilence,silent,butatmost.Whisper.Whatintellectualsdothemostistochasepowerandmoney,andtoactasaccomplicestopowerandmoney.LuXunusedtocriticizeLiangShiqiuasarunningdograisedbycapitalists.Wedon'tknowwhetherLiangisreallyarunningdog,butmanyChineseintellectualstodayareindeedraisedbypowerandmoney,actingasrunningdogs.
Theeconomicscircleisthemostnurtured.Manyeconomistsbecamecommercialconspirators,andjoinedwithcapitaliststocarveupstate-ownedpropertyandplunderordinarypeople'sproperty.Idon’tknowhowmanyassetshavebeenlostinthereformofstate-ownedenterprises.Idon’tknowhowmanygiantbeetleshavebeenfattenedbyeducationreform,medicalreform,andfinancialreform.Intheseso-calledreforms,thoseeconomistswhohavemadesuggestionsandwavedtheflagforitdonotknowwhatresponsibilitiesshouldbeassumed,andhowmuchthecommonpeoplehavepaidforthem.Ofcourse,theeconomicscommunityisonlyarepresentative.Inaddition,ineveryindustryandeveryknowledgegroup,youcanfindsimilardependentsandsimilarlackeys.Theyarelikehyenasinnature.Whentheligersarefullanddrunk,theyfranticallysnatchthebloodshotleftovers.
Manyofthoseintellectualswhohavenotbeennurturedareattractedandseducedbysomefleshybones.Theyarearoundtheedgeofpower,fightingeachotheroverhowtocarveupthosefleshybones.Inordertogainone'sownbenefit,wewillcelebratewitheachother,andwewillnothesitatetogotothebottomtobeatothers.Intheireyes,thereareonlypettygainsandonlypersonalgainsandlosses.Facingtheoverwhelmingeconomicandsocialcorruption,facingtheendlessvarietyofdisastersthatarenotsomuchnaturaldisastersasman-madedisasters,facingthe19thcentury"everyporeissoakedinbloodandtears"capitalaccumulationismoretragicandprimitiveViolent,theycompletelyturnedtheireyesawayandpretendednottoseeanything.
Thecurrentrampantacademiccorruptionistheinevitableresultofthiscynicmentality.Theproblemofacademiccorruptionhasbeenaccumulatedformanyyears,butnomatterhowmanyvoicesthereare,itwillnotworkatall.Thefundamentalreasonisthemethodofdistributionofsystembenefits.Thebiggestfeatureofthisapproachisthatitcannotonlyallowthedistributorstofilltheirpockets,butalsoattractintellectualstobecomecontendersforinterests.Atpresent,allthedistributionofbenefitsinacademiaisdirectlylinkedtoawardsandprojects,thatistosay,theyaredirectlycontrolledbythesystem;thesecondistheweaknessandhumblenessofintellectuals.Facedwiththetemptationofthesystem’sinterests,intellectualsseldomcanmaintainthemselves,buttrytogetinandoutofitwithouthesitatingtohumiliatethemselves.Inthisway,ithasbecomecommonplacetoruntothegateofpowerandtoflatterinofficialdom.Thosewhowaitforitareplagiarismandplagiarism-infact,thecrimeofplagiarismisfarfromthefirstcrime,anditisoftencommittedbytheincompetent.Thetrulycapablecorruptersareintheprofitdistributionsystemlikeafishinwater.Theyboughteverythingandtookeverything,andacademicsthemselveshadalreadyfallenshortoftheirFa'seyes.Forthe"863"projectreviewthatiswidelyspreadontheInternet,somepeoplecanmanipulatetheprojectreviewandeasilymanipulatetheexperts.Thebenefitsarecalculatedintensofmillions,butalmostnoresultscanbeseen.Therearealsothosewithvestedorprospectiveinterestsdependentonpower,whouseacademicpowerasaplacetoventtheirselfishdesires.
Someknowledgeablepeopleusecommercialmedia.Onthesurface,theirpostureisrelativelyindependent,andtheyappearinacoolorfancyway,butinfact,theyarealsovassalsofinterests,butthevassalischangedfromofficialdomtoshoppingmall.Theyusethetideofcommercetomakewaves,andgainfameandbenefitsfromit.Forexample,someliteraryorculturalcriticswhouseflatteryastheirprofessionareadvocatingandswaggeringeverywhere,usingcriticismasatooltoaccumulatemoney.Thecharacterandmoralityofcriticismnolongerexist,andonlymoneyflashesdazzlingly.
So,perhapsmediaintellectualsshouldbeparticularlytargeted.Althoughunderthecurrentsystem,mediaintellectualshavetheirdifficulties,theyarecompletelydegradedintotoolsofpowerandmoney,andevenserveasastigma,theycanstillmaintainacertainlevelofsobrietyandautonomy,andmaintaintheirsenseofjusticeandcriticalspirit.Itclearlydistinguishesthecharacterandvalueofmanymediaintellectuals.Unfortunately,inChinatoday,werarelyseethelatter,andtherearetoomanyoftheformer.Asimpleexample,wecanoftenseethatmanycriticalnewsreportsendedup"endingoffwithoutadisease."Ofcourse,manyoftheseareinstitutionalfactors,butmanyofthenewsmediaareboughtbymoneyorotherbenefits.Criticalreportshavebecomeameansforsomemediapersonneltogetrich.Ofcourse,morecasesarethewhitewashingofthepeaceoftheworld,andthecoveringofsinandugliness.
Thecollectivenegligenceofintellectualsisadirectresultofthelossofcredibilityofknowledgeandintellectuals.Knowledgeisnolongerconnectedwithmoralityandspirit,buthasbecomesynonymouswithinterestandhelp.Intheentiresociety,peoplehaveunderstoodknowledgeaspuretechnologyandnolongerhaveanymoralandspiritualconnotations.Thisisthesorrowofknowledge,anditisthesorrowofintellectuals.Becauseinhumanculture,knowledgeisneverpure,itisasymboloftheevolutionofhumancivilization,anditisalsoaninseparablewholefromthehumanisticspirit.Thementalshrinkageofintellectualshasledtotheculturaldilemmaofthewholesocietyandacollectiveabandonmentofintellectuals.If40yearsago,intellectualswereexiledmorebecauseofpoliticalrepression,thenthefateofintellectualstodayismainlyduetotheirowndepravity.Theancientssaidthatlearningfromthefolk.Today,moreandmorepeoplehaveturnedtheirvisionofhopetothefolks,andtosocialeliteslikeLiChangpingwhocomefromthefolksandthebottomwhodaretoshoutandspeakupforjustice.Perhaps,China’shopeisreallythere,amongthegrassroots,amongthe"AhQ"whohavebeenridiculedandtaughtbyintellectuals.
MoralityandDestruction
Thisisaneraof"WangGangrelieving"andmoralcollapse.Thedawnofnewmoralitydidnotcomeasscheduledinthenewcentury.Wearewalkinginthemoralgloomanddimnessofthebeginningofthecentury.HundredsofyearsofmoralreconstructioneffortsinmodernChinahavesofarbeenbarelycompleted;moraldepletionanddecadencehavebecomemoreandmoreintense;theentiremoralbeliefsandpracticeshavealmostcollapsedacrosstheboard.Fromtheobservationofthehistoryofhumancivilization,afterthecollapseofmorality,itwillbetheendoftheworld.LikeancientRome,HanandTangDynasties,beforetheGreatAnnihilation,theywereallactsofmoraldisintegration.
Intermsof"faith",the"faith"ofclassicalsociety,thefraternalfriendshipandtrustbetweenpeopleinsocialistsociety,andthe"credit"establishedbylawinmodernWesternsociety,Thesehumanmoralheritageshavebeeninheritedanddevelopedinthe20thcenturyofmankindevenafternearlyannihilatedwars.IncontemporaryChina,wearetrappedinaneraof"badness"andaneraoftreachery.Thegangbrokethetrustofthecountry,thenation,thefamily,andtheworldaroundthem.Weseemtohaveentereda"disloyalty"where"othersarehell".Moreover,therearesignsthat:thevirtualworldoftheInternetisalsodepletinglittlebylittleandrobbingpeopleoftheremainingtrustandsympathyinpeople'shearts.IftheSouthwesterncollegegirlChenYi’s"sellhermothertosavehermother"hadakindofambiguityaboutgoodandevil,thentheHangzhouSupergirlWangXiaoguang(pseudonymAiQingqing)wouldundoubtedlybeapremeditatedone.Organizedscandalsofbadmorals.ThisChineseversionofabeautifulfairytalethatclaimedtotradethingsforthingsandspend100daystradingpaperclipsforvillasturnedouttobeascamcarefullyplannedbythenetworkpromoters.Butthesocialcostofachievingthisplanisthepriceofthegoodnessanddreamsoftheentiresociety.Networkpromotersshowtheirtruecolorsofcyber"blackhands"withtheirvariousbadbehaviors.
Itisnotonlythemoralconvictionof"faith"thatisbreakingdown.Onceapersonlosesself-disciplineandhisvirtuedoesnotexist,hebecomesunscrupuloustowardsothers,thewayofheaven,andnature.Theindifferenceofthefilmcrewof"Promise"toTianchi,theabuseofcatsbyyoungwomeninHeilongjiangandFudanUniversitystudents,thesextradeintheentertainmentindustryrevealedbyactressZhangYu,etc.,arereallynotimpossibletochallengethemoralbottomline.Althoughitisaverysmallnumber,inviewofpeople'smoralrequirementsandexpectationsfor"femalecollegestudents"andintellectuals,onceitbecomesasampleofthemoraldegenerationoftheentiresociety,itisextremelydistressing.CitiessuchasChongqing,Wuhan,andHangzhouhavebeenwidelyreportedforhavingfemalecollegestudents"involvedinsex."TheBritishmandetailedthe"erotichistory"ofplayingwithChinesefemalestudentsonhisblog.Peoplenaturallyassociatethedegenerationofthese"femalecollegestudents"withtheprostitutionofawell-knowndomesticuniversity,awell-knowneconomist,andthedeanoftheuniversity'sschoolofeconomicstwoyearsago.Themorallossofintellectualsisnotonlyreflectedintheirdailylivesoutsideoftheirintellectualactivities.Intheirpubliclifecenteredon"knowledge",theyhavelosttheiracademicconscience,andtheyarestrugglingwiththedignitariesandthegrassrootsofinterests.Theyarebecoming"counterfeiters"and"judges"intheproductionchainofknowledgeandideas.The"2006ChinaEducationBlueBook"publishedinearly2007showsthatthesocialreputationandcredibilityofcollegesanduniversitiescontinuetodecline,anditcannotbesaidthatithasnothingtodowiththesemoraldegenerationevents.Notonlythat,thesymptomofmoralcollapseisthe"after-effect"oftheentiresocietywhenthesemoraleventsoccur.Wedescribeitasadomino-likechainofmoralcollapse.Inthemiddle,theunscrupulousmassmediaisoftentheotherinvisibleblackhandtooverthrowthedominoes.The"YangLijuanIncident"isbynomeansacaseofunscrupulousandethicalmediaparticipatingintheoperation.Inahealthysociety,the"media"andintellectualswhoshouldbethepractitionersandmonitorsofthepure"morality"and"ethics"ofthesocietyhavebecomethedestroyersofthemoraldecadentwallofoursociety.
Themoralcollapsedoesn'tstopthere.Inourtime,whatisevenmoreterrifyingisthatmoralitycollapsesononeside,andmoralityisabusedandembezzledontheother.Ifwecarefullyexaminethesepublicmoralevents,wecanfindthatmanymoraleventsarenotpurelymoralevents.Moralityisbecomingabeautifulcoatofultra-nationalism,ultra-ecologicalism,andultra-feminism.WiththehelpofmodernmediasuchastheInternet,manymoralincidentseventuallydevelopedinto"moralviolence"involvingtheentiresociety.Likethe"ChenYi"incident,somepeoplesummarizedthedeathofChenYi'smotheras"thecollectivekillingofTianyanetizens"asthefinalresultoftheincident.RegardingthecatabuseincidentofyoungwomeninHeilongjiang,itshouldalsobepointedoutthatwhenonlinepursuitsandkillingsbecamefashionable,theirrationalbehaviorsofsomeparticipantswouldeventuallyevolveopenlytothe"catrights"demandsofthe"catabusers"condemnedbythe"catabusers"torespectsmallanimals.Tramplehumanrightsand"abusepeople."Asforthe"foreignteachersplayingwithChinesewomen"incident,itisalsoworthyofvigilancethattheextremenationalistsentimentsmixedintheangryvoicesof"whomoveduswomen"haveshiftedmoralcriticisms.Moreover,inmanyethicalincidents,theso-called"guardians"havemoreorlessfiftystepsandonehundredsteps,andthosewhoescapebychancelaughterareunlucky.ThefamousChinesejuristandprofessoroflawatKobeUniversityinJapan,JiWeidong,publishedthe120thinCaijingmagazine.Withregardtotheprofessor’sprostitutioncaseinShanghai,Qipointedoutsharply:Howshouldlawandmoralitybetreatedandtheirrelationship?Afterthecommodificationofeverything,Chinawillentera"Victorianera"inwhichrulersleadbyexampleandestablishmoralmajestyforthemiddleclass.,Orretreattotheeraofthedefendersofthepast"preservingthelawsofnatureanddestroyingselfishdesires"?Inotherwords,isthiseventaturningpointfromdeconstructiontoconstruction,orthebeginningofamorecomprehensivedeconstruction,orarevengeful"deconstructionofdeconstruction"Signal?"Goodandevilareestablishedonlybythesubject"(Wittgenstein).Infact,peoplewithoutsubjectivityhavenogoodorevil,eveniftheyarerewardedandpunished,ithasnothingtodowithmorality.Therefore,whenstatepowerintervenesindailyethicallife,itshouldensurethatitdoesnotdestroythespaceofsocialautonomyandthesubjectivityofcitizens,andproperpositioningof"privatevirtue"intheframeworkof"publiclaw".Ifwedon'thandleitwell,wewillnotbegreetedbythe"Victorian""elegance"attheexitofthemercantilismtunnelinthefuture.Itmayjustbethedeadsilenceaftertheeradicationofthe"Stalinera".
InresponsetoaquestionfromtheFrankfurterAllgemeineZeitung’sreporterMarkSimon,“WithouttherepressionoftheCulturalRevolution,therewouldbenoindulgenceinChinatoday.Whentheindulgenceisreleasedfromrepression,thisisthecase.Indulgencewillbeextremelyturbulent."Infact,theentireChinahasbeenwanderingbetweenmoralrepressionandindulgence,destructionandreconstructionsincethemid-19thcentury.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,"westernized"modernintellectualstriedtoreconstructanewmoralpictureof"ethicalconsciousness"ontheruinsoftraditionalmorality.Butthehistoricalcontextofthefirsthalfofthe20thcenturydidnotprovidethemwiththeopportunitytofullydeveloptheirmoralreconstruction.Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,thesocialistmoralitybasedontheimaginationofcollectiveandcommunist"public"moralsmadethereconstructionofmodernintellectuals'modernmoralityan"unfinished"semi-subproject.Thissemi-laziprocesshasapossibilityofreconstructionintheideologicalemancipationtrendofthelate1970s.Butsuchreconstructionobviouslyentanglesthecomplextraditionalmoralresources.Anyelementofthecurrentsignificanceof"takingthepresentandreturningtotheoldandnotestablishinganewschool"inthemiddleoftraditionalmoralresources,contemporarysocialistmoralresourcesandthe"unfinishedmoralimagination"ofmodernintellectualsoftenmakescontemporaryintellectualslosetheirway.Inthe1980s,intellectualsdidnotrealizethathistoryleftthemwithverylittletimeandopportunities.Themoralreconstructionofintellectualsinthe1980shasnotyetcomeupwithaclearidea.Thecommercialsocietyissurging,andthereconstructionofmoralruinsfromthe19thcenturyhasbecomean"unfinished"thathasbeendelayedindefinitely.
Jak může pocházet "morálka" bez "Tao"? Dnes si prohlížíme naše takzvané morální selhání. Ve skutečnosti jsme si neuvědomili, že nemáme spolehlivé pravidlo, které by ověřilo naši morálku. Neúspěch našeho času není způsoben "shovívavostí", ale protože jsme "nevím, jak přísní jsme v každém. Povolení tomuto „ďáblovi“. Standardní posun a relativismus v morální kritice nás často nutí „bránit se“ a zároveň se stávají úplným „zlem“.
Renaissance
SaulBellowseemstobespeakingforthecontemporaryChinesein"Lavierstein":"AgroupofexposersandsatirescultivatedourgenerationTheaesthetictasteandideologicaltendency."ThecurrentstateofartandliteraturesummarizedbyBellow-styleadvocacycoincideswiththerealityofChineseliteratureandart,indicatingthatChineseliteratureandarthaveenteredacrisisoftheartisticspiritandaestheticessenceofthemainbodyofliteratureandart.ThedirectconsequenceofthiscrisismaybethatChina’sdreamoftheRenaissanceinthe1980swentbankruptagainafterundergoingarapidsocialandculturaltransformation.Althoughthesatirist’sculturalherocomplexfinallyacquiredmultipleformsandcontentinliteratureandart,Chineseliteratureandartdidnotcomebacktolifefromculturalcontrol.Inthe1990s,whentheculturaldilemmabetweenseekingrootsandavant-gardecompletelylostthepossibilityoffusionintheformofgrowth,theproliferationofliteraryandartisticsurfaceshasbeendifficulttoobscuretherealityofitsdecliningnature.ContemporaryChineseliteratureandarthaveyettofindmastersandclassics.Fromtheperspectiveofcanonization,theliteraryprosperityaccumulatedbycontemporaryliteraryworksisunexamined.However,theculturalanxietyoftheruinedliteratureandarthasnotarisenintheliteratureandartcircles.Onthecontrary,theenthusiasmforinquiryintoliteraryandartisticclassicsishighinpublicculture.
TheappealofChina'snative"Renaissance"ignoresthekeyfactorofrenaissance,thatis,theriseofahumanistictrendofthoughtmustbeaccompaniedbythespreadofcreativeworksofaestheticandculturalqualities.Relyingontherealizationofthemaster'sspiritualthinking,acertainspiritualelementisspreadtoallsocialstrata,thusformingcorrectionandguidanceforsocialandculturallifeandfashion.TherealizationoftheWesternRenaissancehastheinfluenceofthemetaphysicalculturalconsciousnessmovement,butitismorerealizedthroughtheeffectiveinterventionofliteraryworksontheaestheticfashionandmentalstate.AfterthehornoftheChineseRenaissancewassoundedingrandstanding,itfinallywentbankruptwithoutthesupportofmastersandclassicliteraryworks.ThebankruptcyoftheRenaissanceandthebankruptcyofcontemporaryChineseliteratureandartaremutuallycausal.Ironically,duetothelackofawarenessoftherealityofthebankruptcyofChineseliteratureandart,theinitiatorsofChina'scontemporary"Renaissance"havebecomeanintegralpartoftheentireculturalemptiness.
Literaryandartcriticsandwritershaveseenmoreoftheseriousrealityofthedestructionoftheculturalgrowthlayerafterthebankruptcyofartandart,insteadoftorturingartandart'sdueresponsibilityforculturalsoilandwaterconservation.Theymanipulatedliterarycriticismandliterarycreationtoslidetowardpan-culturalcriticism,becomingsatiresandexposers,anddemarcatingmanyworryingculturalrealities.Theirvariousdiscoveriesareextremelyprofound.
However,thesefindingsdonotincludetheunderstandingofthecrisisofliteratureandart:thecommercialqualityisintensified,theartisticspiritisabsent,theaestheticshasirrefutablelyenteredintotheextremeconfusionofdysfunction,artisticcreationhasbeenblocked,andliteraturehasbarren.Inthefieldofartcriticism,theappreciatorhasnoeyesight,andtheinterpreterhasnovirtue.Theyhavebecomeaccustomedtoconcealingandrevisingliterarycrises,leadingtonewliteraryrulesandcreationorder,andtheliteraryterritoryhasbeendividedbycritics.Intheworldofartcreation,VanityFairandthevulgartasteofartworkcontinuetomakeartistslosetheirambitionsanddiscardtheirresponsibilities.Theliteraryandartmediaandtheircontrollers,intellectualsandtheirdependentinstitutionsareignoringandnumbtoenjoythesenseofsecuritybroughttothembyrealutilitarianism,whileignoringtheculturalstorageandderivationcapabilitiesofliteraryandartisticworks.Theintoxicationandcarnivalofcynicismfrequentlypresentedintheliteraryandartcircleshasbecometheultimatespiritualdemandofartappraisal.
TheparticularityoftheculturalcontextinwhichthebankruptcyofliteratureandartoccurredcancelsthereferenceoftheRenaissance.Torescuetheculturalcrisiswiththe"Renaissance",the"Renaissance"shouldbeoneoftheprerequisites.However,wheninquiringintothecauseofthedeclineofliteratureandart,theartworldistoodemandingontheenvironmentforthegenerationofliteratureandart,thusabandoningtheindependentspiritofartandtheculturalresponsibilityofart,andleadingChineseliteratureandarttoamoredilapidatedstate.Duetotheartist'sinertpursuitofaestheticdiversityandhumanisticdepth,duetotheactiveguidanceofthecommoditysocietyonthewayofart,duetothelackofreflectiononthespiritualdwarfintheexistenceofart,theartparthaslosttheabilitytopresentChineseexperience.Theabsenceofliterarystandardsandthefracturedzoneofliteraryhistorymaketheexistenceofliteraryandarthavenostand,reference,andgoal.Thisliteraryrealityisconstantlycancelingthetranscendencedemandofliteraryexistence,thelossofmeaningcausedbythepursuitofindulgence,anddisintegratingthearchitectureofthevaluesystemofliteraryexistenceandtheexplorationofmultipleaestheticqualities.Thefactorsoftheriseandfallofliteratureandartinthiscrisisaredeeplyrooted,whichmeansthatanaestheticsalvationthatstartsfromtheliteratureitselfandfacestheaudienceisimperative.Theredeemersshouldaccepttheresponsibilitiesshunnedbygenerationsofliteraryandartwriters,cleanuptheirrevolutionarypassionandconservativementality,andenteralongself-examinationabouttheirownculturalformationandaestheticcomposition.
Současná situace lidské přírody
Zažíváme degradaci a odchylku lidské přírody, která ještě nikdy nebyla.
Theessenceoftheculturalcrisisofourtimeisacrisisofnationalcharacter,andfundamentallyspeaking,itisalsoacrisisofhumanity.Inrecentyears,whenpeopletalkaboutthecurrenthumannaturesituation,theyareallheartbrokenandworried.However,allthecriticismsofthecurrenthumannaturesituationhavefallenintoaseriesofmisunderstandings.ThemostpopularopinionisthatthehumannatureoftheChinesepeoplehasdegenerated,animalityisrampant,andmoralityisdepraved.Thesestatementsseemtobeveryreasonableandaccurate.However,theyaremostlysuperficialviewsandgeneraltheories.Becauseofthiskindofhumannature,thiskindoflamentandcriticismexistedinancienttimes,moderntimes,andcontemporarynature.Theseexplanationsarenottargeted.Whatwefoundinthisreportisahumannatureproblemthathasalmostneverbeenseenbefore,andwhatwefocusonreportingtoreadersisalsothenewstateofhumannature.
Startwithatypicalcase.OnSeptember5,2007,thesensationalcaseof"Assistinganoldladybeingfalselyhitbyaperson"wasrenderedbythecourtinthefirstinstance.ThecourtpresumedtheinfringementbythedefendantPengYubasedon"commonsense"andorderedPengtocompensatetheplaintiffmorethan40,000yuan.TheverdictalsostatedthatifitwerenotforPengYu’soldlady,hewouldnotneedtosendhertothehospitalatall,butcould“leavebyhimself”,“butPengYudidnotmakesuchachoice,hisbehaviorisobviouslycontrarytoreason.”Assoonastheresultcameout,netizensrushedtotelleachother,andforawhile,thetopicof"don'tgotohelptheoldladywhenshefell"wasbroughtup.Thisisastorythathasneverhappenedbefore,butithappensallaroundus.Thefirstthingwehavetoaskiswhatkindofproblemsdoesitreflectinourtime?Isthisamoralissueorahumannatureissue?
Wethinktheansweristhelatter.Ifthereisnoonetohelptheoldladyafterafall,itisadepravityofmorality;butwhenthepersonwhohelpedtheoldladyorevensenttothehospitaltobetreatedisnotthanked,butinsteadhastobeartheresponsibilityoftheoldlady’sfallthatwasnotcausedbyhim.Thenitisnolongeramatterofreason,itisthedegenerationofhumannature.Thisisfarfromenough,becausemoreimportantly,inthisuniquesocialandculturalfieldofthetimes,"don'thelptheoldladywhenshefalls"willberegardedasanormalexpressionofhumannaturefromnowon.——Thisisthemostterrible.
Takeanothertypicalexample.AccordingtoareportbyYanzhaoMetropolisDailyonOctober9,2007,onthebusieststreetinXinleinbroaddaylight,a50-year-oldmotherwasdraggedoutdozensofmetersawaybylooters’motorcycles,anddozensofpeoplewatched.Noonesteppedforwardtohelp,andthe30,000yuanusedtotreatgrandmawasrobbed.Inthisregard,nooneaskssuchaquestion:onlookersorgangsters,whoismorehateful,hateful,andterrible?Itseemsthatsuchaquestionshouldnotbeasked,butitispreciselywherethisshouldnotbeasked,thatshowsthetrulyshockingaspectofChinesehumanity.Coincidentally,ontheafternoonofApril18,2005,agirlwasrapedbyascavengermanwhofollowedwhenshewenttothetoiletinapublictoiletonthestreetinthedowntownareaofHengshui.Whatisevenmoredistressingisthatthegirlwasvictimizedformorethan20minutes,andmorethan40peoplewereonlookersatthescene,butnoonetookactiontostopit.Somepeoplecallit"anothertypicalfarceofindifferentspectators."Isitjustindifference?Gangstersandmurdererswillexistinallsocietiesinanyera.However,criminalsregardmanyonlookersasnothing.Suchasituationwillneveralwaysappearinallagesandsocieties.Gangstersarealwaysveryfew,butthenumberofonlookerscanbeequaltoinfinite.Thegangsterswilleventuallybebroughttojustice,butthespectatorsarealways"goodpeople"inablinkofaneye.——Thehumannatureofthese"goodpeople"constitutesthefoundationofsocietyandistheessenceofculture.Isn'tthiskindofhumannaturethesoilforcultivatingtherampageofgangsters?
Itcanbeseenthatmanyoftoday'sproblemsarenotfundamentallymoralissues,buthumannatureissues.Moralissuesarerelativelyobviousandeasytosee,whilehumannatureissuesareofteninconceivableandhelpless.Indetail,ourcurrenthumannaturepresentstwoaspects:
Thefirstisthedegradationanddisappearanceofhumannature,whichreferstotheretreattoanimalnature,suchasindulgence,andtheethosofhavingmilkisamother.Althoughthisperformancehasexistedinancienttimes,itisevenworsetoday.Thesecondisthealienationanddistortionofhumannature.Inthepastfewyears,therewasaheated"catabuseincident",andfinallythepersoninvolvedwasexpelledfrompublicoffice.Inthisincident,thecatabuser’sproblemisobviouslyaproblemofhumandegradation,suchasthelossofbasickindness,crueltytosmallanimals,pervertedventing,etc.,andhercondemnationisalsodue.However,thisisnotreallyaquestionworthyofourreflection.Whatismoremeaningfulisthatnoonecaresabouttheperson’spsychologicalproblems,nooneloseshisjobsympathyforthepersonwhohasnotviolatedthelaw,andevennetizensplausiblywanttohuntdownthecatabuser.Comparedwiththedegradationofthehumannatureofcatabuse,thiskindofopen"personabuse"behaviormeansanextremealienationofhumannaturethatisdifficulttobeseen.Itcanbesaidthatthealienationanddistortionofhumannatureismoredifficulttodetectandmoreimportant.Itjustreferstoexcessive"socialization","interpersonalrelationship",and"humanitydivision".Somepeople"play"verywell,theyneverdoreallygoodthings,butpeoplecan'tseeit.Somepeoplehaveneverlookedatinterpersonalnetworksastheirvision,andonlydealwiththegameofvariousforces.Therehasneverbeenacriterionofhumannature,andtheyhaveneveractedaccordingtotheprinciplesofa"person".Thesocietycallsthewindandtherain,andisfavoredandenviedbyallkindsofpeople.Someofficialsarenotcorrupt,andyoucan'tcatchhisproblems,buttheyneverdogoodthingsforthepeople.Thegourdmonkjudgedthegourdcase,atleastitcanbefoundinthe"DreamofRedMansions"thatthereissomethingtricky,butthegourdmonkisthenormtoday.
Thiskindofhumannaturehasdirectlycausedthestatusquoofnationalcharacter.Oneisignoranceandignorance,andtheotherisarroganceandprejudice,whichconstitutethebasiccoreofcurrentnationalcharacter.Ifthereversalofgoodandevilisignorance,thenthedistinctionbetweengoodandevilisarrogance;ifthelossofhumannatureandharmtoothersareoutofignorance,theninthenameoffreedom,abuseoffreedomanddisregardofthejustnatureofhumannatureisprejudice.Mischief.
Therefore,thiseraisnotjustaproblemoftheevilpeople’sreputationandthehumiliationofthesacred,butpeoplewillnotcareorneedtopursuetheshadybehindthehonourers,andpeoplewillnotgo.Payattentiontothedisasteroftheshame.Theappearanceistheonlyfocusofattention.Weonlycallforsuccessandsuccessfulpeople,anddonotcareaboutwhetherthesuccessisatthecostoflossofhumanity,weonlyclusteraroundtheappearanceof"progress"and"progress",anddonotpayattentiontowhether"progress"isbehindthedegenerationanddistortionofhumanityladder.
Summary
Therightandwrong,anyvaluesandstandardsofanypasteraseemtohavebeentransformedandineffectiveinthepresent.Althoughtherewereoftentragediesofrighteousnessnotsuppressingevilinthepast,inthistragedy,atleastpeoplecanseethestruggleofhumannature,makepeopleunderstandhowtragedieshappen,andmakepeoplesoberlyawarethatfalsehood,uglinessandevilsometimesdefeattruth,goodnessandbeauty.However,today’sevilanduglinessalwaysappearinahigh-soundingface.Tragedieshavehappened,butyoucan’tfindtherootofit,andyoucan’tseeitsessence.Ifwesayinthepast,wecanalwaysfindoneormoreenemiesbehindthestrangledgoodness,thatis,themakerofthetragedy.Wecannolongerfindthemakerofthistragedy.Theprotagonistofthetragedyneverknowswhohisenemyis..——Whataterribleculturethisis!Whatachaoticstateofhumanity