Funkce
1. Operační systém pracovní plochy je v zásadě založen na příkazech vydaných lidskou klávesnicí a
operační systém stolního počítače (12 fotografií)
Atwork,thetimingofhumanactionsandreactionsisnotverystrict.2.Fromtheperspectiveoftheapplicationenvironment,thedesktopoperatingsystemisorientedtocomplexandchangeableapplications.
3.Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentinterface,thedesktopoperatingsystemprovidesdeveloperswitha"blackbox",allowingdeveloperstousethefunctionsoftheoperatingsystemthroughaseriesofstandardsystemcalls.
4.Comparedwithembeddedoperatingsystems,desktopoperatingsystemsarerelativelylargeandcomplex.
MarketStatus
Ondesktopsystems,theMicrosoftWindowsseriesbasicallycontrolstheentiremarket,whiletheMACOSXserieshasanexcellentinterface.Linuxanditsdistributiontogetherformafreesoftwareorganization(opensource,free),inwhichubuntuhasarelativelyhighinterfaceandusershare,andahugecommunity.TheinterfaceandusershareofBSD/SOLARISareslightlybehindthetopthree.
Thecommonoperatingsystemsonthemarkettodayareasfollows:
WINDOWSoperatingsystem
WindowsoperatingsystemisawindowedoperatingsystemdevelopedbyMicrosoftintheUnitedStates.TheGUIgraphicaloperationmodeisadopted,whichismorehumanethanpreviouscommandoperatingsystemssuchasDOS.TheWindowsoperatingsystemiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedoperatingsystemintheworld.ThelatestversionisWindows8.
UNIXoperatingsystem
TheUnixsystemwasborninBellLabsin1969andwasinitiallyusedonsmallandmedium-sizedcomputers.TheUnixsystemthatwasfirstportedtothe80286microcomputerwascalledXenix.TheXenixsystemischaracterizedbyshortandcapable,lowsystemoverhead,andfastrunningspeed.
UNIXprovidesuserswithatime-sharingsystemtocontrolcomputeractivitiesandresources,andprovidesaninteractiveandflexibleoperatingworld.
UNIXisdesignedtobeabletorunmultipleprocessesatthesametime,supportingdatasharingbetweenusers.Atthesametime,UNIXsupportsamodularstructure.WhenyouinstalltheUNIXoperatingsystem,youonlyneedtoinstallthepartsyouneedforyourwork.Forexample:UNIXsupportsmanyprogrammingdevelopmenttools,butifyouarenotengagedindevelopmentwork,youonlyneedtoinstalltheleasttranslater.Theuserinterfacealsosupportstheprincipleofmodularity,andunrelatedcommandscanbeconnectedthroughpipestoperformverycomplexoperations.TherearemanytypesofUNIX,andmanycompanieshavetheirownversions,suchasAT&T,Sun,HP,etc.
MACoperatingsystem
TheMacoperatingsystemisagenerationofoperatingsystemsdesignedbyAppleComputerintheUnitedStatesforitsMacintoshcomputers.Thismodelwaslaunchedin1984.WhenthePCwasjusttheboringcharacterinterfaceofDOS,theMactooktheleadinadoptingsomeofthetechnologiesthatwearestillpraisedtoday.
Forexample:GUIgraphicaluserinterface,multimediaapplications,mouse,etc.Macintoshcomputershaveawiderangeofapplicationsinpublishing,printing,filmandtelevisionproductionandeducation.MicrosoftWindowsstillhastheshadowofMacinmanyaspects.AppleThecompanyreleasedthemostadvancedpersonalcomputeroperatingsystemMacOSX.
LINUXoperatingsystem
Linuxisadazzlingnameinthecomputerindustrytoday.Itiscurrentlytheworld’slargestfreesoftware,anditisafunctioncomparabletoUnixandWindows.Theoperatingsystemhascompletenetworkfunctions,anditsusageisverysimilartoUNIX.Therefore,manyusersnolongerbuyexpensiveUNIX,butinsteadinvestinLinuxandotherfreesystems.
LinuxwasoriginallydevelopedbyFinnLinusTorvalds,anditssourceprogramwaspubliclyreleasedontheInternet.Thishasarousedthedevelopmententhusiasmofcomputerenthusiastsaroundtheworld.ManypeopledownloadedthesourceprogramandperfectedaOntheonehand,thefunctionsaresentbacktotheInternet,andLinuxhasbeencarvedintotheworld'smoststableandmostpromisingoperatingsystem.
SomeoneoncejokedthatifBillGatestreatedthesourcecodeofWindowsinthesameway,manyoftheremainingbugsinWindowswouldnolongerexist,becausecomputerenthusiastsallovertheworldwouldbecomeWindows.Ofvolunteertestersandprogrammers.