Introduction
Weaponfirecontrolsystemisageneraltermforequipmentthatcontrolsweaponstoautomaticallyorsemi-automaticallyimplementaimingandlaunching.Abbreviationforweaponfirecontrolsystem.Modernartillery,tankguns,tacticalrocketsandmissiles,airborneweapons(aircraftguns,bombsandmissiles),shipborneweapons(navalguns,torpedoes,missilesanddepthbombs)aremostlyequippedwithfirecontrolsystems.Unguidedweaponsareequippedwithfirecontrolsystems,whichcanimprovethespeedandaccuracyofaimingandlaunching,andenhancetheiradaptabilitytoharshbattlefieldenvironments,soastogivefullplaytotheweapon'sdamagecapability.Theguidedweaponisequippedwithafirecontrolsystem.Becauseofthemoreaccurateaimingbeforelaunch,itcanimprovetheworkingconditionsofitsguidancesystem,improvethemissile'sresponsetomobiletargets,andreducetheerrorrateoftheguidancesystem.
Složení
1, targettracker
2, požární počítač
3,systémová konzole
4.Nástroj na ovládání střelby
5.Zařízení rozhraní
6. Nezbytné periferní zařízení
Funkce
1. Získejte informace o situaci na bojišti o cíli a cíli
2,Počítá parametry střelby,poskytuje pomoc při snímání při rozhodování
3,Ovládejte palebné silové zbraně, vyhodnoťte účinek střelby
Klasifikace
1.Podle účelu:systém řízení požáru na povrchu lodi,systém řízení leteckého požáru,systém řízení požáru na zemi
2,podlemetody:analogový,digitální
3.Podle typů zbraní:systémy řízení palby pro lehké zbraně,systémy řízení palby pro těžké zbraně,systémy řízení palby,atd.
Systemcomponents
ShootingvariouselementsItistheazimuthandfiringangleoftheweaponbarrelorlaunchtrajectorythatcansendthewarhead(warhead)tothetargetarea.Forwarheadswithtimefuzes,therearealsofuzedivisions.GuidedweaponsandunderwaterweaponsmayalsoincludeGuidancedistance,steeringangle,setdepthanddivergenceangle.Itisthecoretaskoftheweaponfirecontrolsystemtofindouttheshootingelementsaccuratelyandinrealtime.
TargetsearchandidentificationUsingobservationequipmenttosearchfortargetsisthefirsttaskofthefirecontrolsystem.Thecommonlyusedobservationequipmentinthefirecontrolsystemincludesradar,opticalorlaserrangefinder,infraredorlow-lightnightvision,battlefieldreconnaissanceTV,soundmeasuringequipment,sonar,etc.Forfixedtargets,mapsandaerial(orsatellite)photoscanalsobeused.Aftersearchingforthetarget,thetargettype(vehicles,aircraft,missiles,ships,weapons,personnel,etc.),model,quantity,andattributesoffriendorfoeshouldbefurtheridentified.Theapplicationofimagerecognitiontechnologyhasautomatedtargetrecognition,andthemosteffectivedeviceforfriendorfoeidentificationistheelectronicfriendorfoeidentifier.
TargetparametermeasurementTargetparametersincludetargetpositionparametersandmotionparameters.Targetpositionparametersrefertothecoordinatesofthetargetrelativetothegeographiccoordinatesystemortheobservationcoordinatesystem,suchasdistance,azimuth,highandlowangle,etc.;targetmotionparametersincludespeed,heading,shipangle,acceleration,etc.,whichareusedtoobtainshootingDatathatisindispensabletothemeta.Observationequipmentusedfortargetparametermeasurementshouldhavehighaccuracy.Theyaremostlyusedtodeterminethepositionofthetarget.EquipmentusingtheDopplereffectcanalsodeterminethelongitudinalvelocityofthetargetrelativetotheobservationequipment.Formovingtargets,theobservationequipmentmustalsotrackthetargetinrealtime,measureaseriesoftargetparametervalues,andprovideconditionsforusingthesemeasuredvaluestoestimatethecurrentinstantaneouspositionandmotionparametersofthetarget.
MeteorologicalandballisticconditionmeasurementThemeteorologicalparameterssuchastemperature,airpressure,windspeed,winddirectionandballisticconditionparameterssuchastheinitialvelocitydeviationoftheprojectile,thetemperatureoftheprojectile,thedeviationoftheprojectileweight,etc.willallproducetheactualtrajectoryTheimpactmustbemeasuredintimesothatitcanbetakenintoaccountwhensolvingtheshootingelements.Theweightdeviationoftheprojectilecanbemeasuredbytherootgauge,barometer,anemometer,andprojectilemuzzlevelocitymeasuringinstrument.Meteorologicalradarandprojectilevelocitymeasurementradararemoreadvancedmeteorologicalandballisticconditionmeasurementequipment.Sincemeteorologicalconditionsaffecttheentiretrajectory,therelevantmeteorologicalmeasurementpointsshouldcovertheentiretrajectory.Fornavalunderwaterweapons,hydrologicalfactorssuchaswavesandoceancurrentsarealsomeasured.
CarrierMotionparametermeasurementThethreetranslationaldegreesoffreedomand3Thisrotationdegreeoffreedombothdeterioratestheobservationconditionsandchangestheballisticparameters.Themotionparametersthatseriouslyaffecttheshootingeffectshouldbemeasured,andtheobservationequipment,weaponbarrelorlaunchershouldbemadetomovewiththesamemagnitudeandoppositedirectionrelativetoitscarrier,orbecorrectedwhensolvingtheshootingelementstomaketheshootingOrthrowasfaraspossiblenottobeaffectedbythemovementofthecarrier.Thefirecontrolsystemusedforaimingandlaunchinginmotionisusuallyequippedwithathree-degree-of-freedomortwo-degree-of-freedomgyrosysteminordertotimelymeasurethethreeattitudeangles(pitch,yaw,andtilt)orangularvelocityofthecarrier.Forhigh-speedmovingvehicles(suchasairplanes,ships,etc.),thereisalsoaspeedmeasuringdeviceformeasuringthemovingspeedofthevehicle.Forfirecontrolsystemsthatrequireveryhighfiringaccuracy,suchastheshort-rangeanti-missileanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystem,itisnotonlyrequiredtomeasurethreeattitudeanglesorangularvelocities,butalsotomeasurethespeedofheave,lateralandlongitudinalmovements,andevenconsiderTheelasticdeformationofthecarrier.
MissingtargetmeasurementDuetotheinfluenceofvariousrandomfactorsthataredifficulttocontrolandcorrect,thefirstshotorthefirstgroupofwarheadsmaymissthetarget.Atthistime,theamountofmissshouldbemeasured,andthemeasuredamountofmissshouldbeusedtocorrecttheshootingelements.Thisisthecalibration.Forfixedtargetsorslow-movingtargetsrelativetotheweaponsystem,allequipmentthatcanobservetheexplosionpointandestimatethedeviationoftheexplosionpointfromthetargetcancompletethecalibrationtask.Theartillerycalibrationradarcanestimatethepointofimpactofthewarheadwithintheeffectiveareaofitslobe,anditisanadvancedcalibrationtool.Whenshootingathigh-speedtargetssuchasairplanesormissiles,itisnecessarytosimultaneouslytrackandmeasurethecoordinatesofthetargetandthewarheadovertime.Phasedarrayradarisanadvancedtooltoachievethismeasurement.
DataprocessingModernfirecontrolsystemsmainlyusedigitalelectroniccomputerstocompletedataprocessing.Thiskindofcomputeriscalledafirecontrolcomputer,andisoftencalledacommander.Itisthecorecomponentofthefirecontrolsystem.Itstaskistostorealldataandinformationrelatedtothetarget,missdistance,meteorologicalconditions,ballisticconditions,andcarriermotionparameters;calculatethecurrentinstantaneoustargetpositionandmotionparameters;accordingtotheballisticequationunderactualcombatconditionsorstoreitinfirecontrolTheshootingtableinthecomputercalculatesthecoordinatesofthehitpoint,calculatestheshootingelements;correctstheshootingelementsaccordingtothepastmisses;evaluatestheshootingeffect,etc.Itspurposeistooutputcontrolinstructionstothedisplaydeviceandthefollow-upsystem,oroutputcontrolinstructionstotheautopilot.
WeaponlaunchcontrolThepurposeistocontroltheweapontoreachthecorrectshootingpositionandshootinapredeterminedway.Inordertogivetheweaponshootingelements,hydraulicorelectromechanicalfollow-upsystemsareusuallyusedtocontroltheweapon'sfiringangle,azimuthangle,andfuzedivisionstomakethemconsistentwiththeoutputvalueofthefirecontrolcomputer.Whentheweaponiscompletelyorpartiallyfixedtothecarrier,forexample,thebarreloftheairborneartilleryandthelaunchtrackofthebombarecompletelyfixedtotheaircraft,andtheazimuthangleofsomelarge-caliberself-propelledartilleryisthesameasthatofthevehiclebody.Atthistime,thefirecontrolcomputerTheoutputinformationshouldbesenttotheautomaticcontrolmechanismtodrivethecarriertomoveinadirectionthatenablesthewarheadtohitthetarget.
Systemcontrol,informationdisplayandtransmissionInordertogivefullplaytothesubjectiveinitiativeofcommandandoperationpersonnel,thefirecontrolsystemisequippedwithasystemcontroloperationanddisplaypanel,whichhasagoodman-machineOperationinterface.
Thetypeandscaleofthefunctionalmodulesofthefirecontrolsystemaredesignedandequippedaccordingtothecharacteristicsandapplicationenvironmentoftheweaponstheycontrol.Forexample,thefirecontrolsystemofaweaponusedtostopfiringdoesnotneedtohavethefunctionofmeasuringthemovementparametersofthecarrier;inordertoreduceweightandreducethecost,someartillery,especiallysmallandmedium-calibergroundartillery,areoftennotequippedwithafollow-upsystem,andThegunner’sfiringelementsaresetontheartilleryaccordingtothefirecontrolcomputer;theanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystem,becauseofthesimultaneoustrackingoffasttargetsandobservationofhigh-speedprojectiles,theequipmentandtechnologyarecomplicatedandexpensive.Automaticcalibration;thefirecontrolsystemoftherevolvingtubeartilleryandthemulti-loadedartilleryoftheshort-rangeanti-missile.Inordertoensurethehitrateoftheweapon,mostofthemissedtargetsareautomaticallydetectedtoformalargeclosed-loopfirecontrolsystemforautomaticcalibration.Inordertomakeuseoftheadvantagesofdifferentobservationequipment,ensurethattherequiredinformationcanbeobtainedinvariousenvironments,andimprovetheirmobilityonthebattlefield,multipleobservationequipmentareoftenassembledinthesamecarriertoformcorrespondingreconnaissancevehicles,Reconnaissanceaircraft,aerialmooringplatformsandotherequipment.Meteorologicalobservationstations(vehiclesandships)alsointegratevariousmeteorologicalobservationequipmenttocompletelarge-scalemeteorologicalobservationandnotificationtasks.Althoughthesereconnaissanceorobservationvehicles,ships,andairplanescarryingavarietyofequipmenthavetocompletethetasksundertakeninthefirecontrolsystem,theyconstituteaweaponequipmentsystemindependentofthefirecontrolsystem.
Thecontrolofweaponshooting,fromthefirstsightandmeterusedatfirst,tothelatermorecomplexsightingdevice,allrelyonhumaneyeobservationandmanualoperation.Automatedfirecontrolsystemswerenotfirstusedinanti-aircraftgunfiringcontroluntilWorldWarII.Theanti-aircraftgunfirecontrolsystematthattimeusedradarandopticalrangefinderstosearchandtracktargets,electromechanicalanalogcomputersfordataprocessing,follow-upsystemstodrivetheartillery,andsynchronizedtransmissiondevicestoconnecttheabove-mentionedpartsintoanautomatedairdefensecomplex.Afterthewar,digitalcomputersreplacedanalogcomputers,greatlyimprovingthefunctionofthefirecontrolsystem.Frombeingabletocontrolonlyasingleweaponormultipleidenticalweaponstoshootatthesametargetwiththesameelements,itdevelopedtobeingabletocontrolmanydifferenttypesofweapons.Plantoshootmultipletargetswithdifferentelements.WiththedevelopmentofVLSIdigitalcomputers,suchasthedisplayofbattlefieldsituation,theformulationofcombatplans,theidentificationandselectionoftargets,thedistributionoffirepower,thedeterminationofammunitionconsumption,theevaluationofshootingeffects,themanagementofcommunicationsandtheprocessingofinformationTheabove-mentionedfirecontrolandotherproblemscanallbesolvedinthesamecomputersystem.Modernweaponfirecontrolsystemshavedevelopedintoanimportantpartofthecommand,control,communicationsandintelligence(C3I)system.
Slavný systém
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Systém Phalanx, vyrobený ve Spojených státech, hlavní účel: obrana
Aegissystem
Aegissystem,vyrobený ve Spojených státech,hlavní účel:obrana