Introduction
Gravureprinting,referredtoasgravureprinting,isoneofthefourprintingmethods.Gravureprintingisadirectprintingmethodthatdirectlyimprintstheinkcontainedinthegravurepitsontothesubstrate.Theshadeoftheprintedpictureisdeterminedbythesizeanddepthofthepits.Ifthepitsaredeeper,Itcontainsmoreink,andtheinklayerleftonthesubstrateafterembossingisthicker;onthecontrary,ifthepitsareshallower,theamountofinkcontainedisless,andtheinklayerleftonthesubstrateafterembossingIt'sthinner.Theprintingplateofgravureprintingiscomposedofpitscorrespondingtotheoriginalimageandtextandthesurfaceoftheprintingplate.Duringprinting,theinkisfilledintothepits,andtheinkonthesurfaceoftheprintingplateisscrapedoffwithasqueegee.Thereisacertainpressurecontactbetweentheprintingplateandthesubstrate,andtheinkinthepitsistransferredtothesubstratetocompletetheprinting.Gravureprinting,asakindofprintingprocess,hastheadvantagesofthickinklayer,brightcolor,highsaturation,highprintingplatedurability,stableprintingquality,fastprintingspeedandotheradvantagesinprintingpackagingandgraphicpublishing.Occupyanextremelyimportantposition.Fromtheperspectiveofapplication,inforeigncountries,gravureprintingismainlyusedforfinepublicationssuchasmagazinesandproductcatalogs,packagingprintingandprintingofsecuritiessuchasbanknotesandstamps,anditisalsousedinspecialfieldssuchasdecorativematerials;inChina,gravureprintingPrintingismainlyusedforflexiblepackagingprinting.Withthedevelopmentofdomesticgravureprintingtechnology,ithasalsobeenwidelyusedinpaperpackaging,woodgraindecoration,leathermaterials,andpharmaceuticalpackaging.Ofcourse,gravureprintingalsohasitslimitations.Itsmaindisadvantagesare:complexpre-pressplate-makingtechnology,longcycle,highplate-makingcost;duetotheuseofvolatilesolvents,thehighcontentofharmfulgasesintheworkshopwillcausegreaterdamagetothehealthofworkers;gravureprintingPractitionersrequirerelativelyhighremuneration.
Developmenthistory
Oneofthebasicprintingmethods.Thegraphicsandtextoftheprintingplatearelowerthantheblankpart,andthewholepageisinkedwhenprinting,andthenthelayoutiswiped,sothatonlytheinkisleftinthegraphicsandtextpart,whichistransferredtothesubstrateandbecomesaprintedmatter.Itcanbedividedintothreetypes:engravingintaglio,photo-etchingintaglioandelectronicengraving.
Engravingintaglioisdevelopedfromtheartofprintmaking.Itwasinventedin1452bytheItaliangoldandsilversmithM.Finiguela.Atfirstitwasallhand-carved,butlateritwaschemicallyetched.Inmoderntimes,machineryhasbeenusedasmuchaspossible.Thelayoutiscomposedofpointsandlinesofdifferentdepthandthickness.Thelinesoftheprintedmatterareslightlyconvex,cleanandclear,andanti-counterfeiting,soitismostlyusedforprintingbanknotes,stampsandothervaluablesecurities.
PhotographiccorrosionintaglioInthelate19thcentury,thepainterK.Klick,whowasborninBohemia,usedhispredecessor'sphotographyandcarbonpaperprintingtoinventthephotogravureandtheintagliowithascraper.Printingmethod.Theinkedpartofthegraphiconthepageisaregulararrangementofsmallholes(cells),whicharegenerallysquareinshapeandthesamesize,butwithdifferentshadesanddifferentinkcapacities.Itsprintedmatterhasthickinkandcanachieveaprintingeffectthatiscompletelyconsistentwiththetoneleveloftheoriginalimage.Itisthemostcommontypeofgravureprinting,soitisalsocalledtraditionalgravure.Formorethanhalfacentury,severalnewphoto-corrosiveintaglioplateshavebeendeveloped.Forexample,referringtotheoffsetprintingdotstructure,theinkingholesaredifferentinsize,butthedepthisthesameorinconsistent,andtheprintingqualityisbetter.
Inthemiddleofthe20thcentury,electronicengravingofintaglioengravingmachinesbegantohaveintaglioelectronicengravingmachines.Itusesascanningheadandacomputer-controlleddiamondcuttertoengravepicturesandtextsonthedrum.Theinkingholesareintheshapeofaninvertedpyramid.Therearechangesindepth.Itsprintingqualityisnolessthanthatofphoto-corrosiongravure,andithastheadvantagesofsimpleoperation,shortplate-makingtime,andnowasteliquiddisposalproblems.
Moderngravureprintingplatesaremostlymadeonthesurfaceofaroundcylinder,andtheprintingmethodofroundpressingisadopted.Usuallytheimpressioncylinderisontopandtheplatecylinderisonthebottom.Thelowerpartoftheprintingplatecylinderisimmersedintheinktank,andtheplatesurfacegetsinkfromthetank(itisalsousedtoejectinkfromaninkpumportransferinktotheplatesurfacebyaninkrollerimmersedintheinktank).Athinsteelscraperisplacedabovetheinktanktopressonthesurfaceoftheplatecylindertoscrapeofftheinkontheplatesurfacewithoutgraphics(itcanalsobewipedwithacounter-rotatingwiperroller).Theinkremainingintheinkholes(orlines)ofthegraphicandtextonthelayoutistransferredtothepaper(plasticfilm,aluminumfoil,etc.)passingthroughwhenitistransferredtothetangentpointofthetwocylinders,andthegraphicandtextareprinted.
Comparedwithoffsetprintingorcopperplateembossingwhencopyingmonochromeorcolorphotographs,ithasthickinklayer,richlayers,goodprintingquality,lowwastepaperrate,printingplatedurability,long-termstorage,etc.Advantages,especiallygoodprintingeffectoncoarsepaper,cellophane,plasticfilmandmetalfoil.However,gravureprintingtakesalongtimeandhighcost,soonlycolorpictures,picturealbums,magazines,bookillustrations,postcards,trademarks,packaginganddecoration,securities,buildingdecorationmaterials,etc.withhighqualityrequirementsaresuitableforgravureprinting.Moreover,thenumberofprintedproductsislarge,sogravureprintingismorecost-effective.Inaddition,thequalityofprintedsmalltextisnotgood,sogravureprintingisnotrequiredfortext-basedbooksandperiodicals.
Becausethegravureinkmusteasilyentertheinkingholesoftheprintingplateandtransfertothepaper,ithasgoodfluidity,andvolatilebenzenesarecommonlyusedassolvents.Inordertopreventsolventsfrompollutingtheairandpreventingfires,attentionmustbepaidtosealingoffallsourcesofpollution,recoveringsolvents,andventilatingtheworkplace.Theresearchandapplicationofwater-basedgravureinksthatrequirenodegradationofprintingqualityareactivelybeingexploredathomeandabroad.
Typy
Typy hlubotisku se dělí na dva typy podle způsobu výroby desek: rytí, hlubotisk a leptání, hlubotisk.
Engravingintaglio
Engravingintaglioistodirectlyengravethepitscorrespondingtotheoriginalimageandtextonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderwithacutter.Accordingtothecontrolmethodofthecutter,itcanbedividedintoHand-engravedintaglio,mechanicalengravedintaglioandelectronicengravedintaglio.
(1)Ručně ryté rytí
Hand-engravedintaglioismadebytechniciansusingacarvingknifetohand-engravethesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicsandtext.TheprintingplatematerialsareavailableCopperorsteelplate.Themanuallaborisheavy,theplate-makingcostislarge,andthecycleislong.However,thehand-engravedintagliohasclearlines,andtheprintedmatterhasastrongsenseoflayeringandisdifficulttoforge.Mostlyusedtoproduceprintedintaglioplatesforsecuritiesandhigh-qualityartworks.
(2) Mechanické rytí
Mechanicalengravingintaglioismadebyengravingonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderwithamechanicallycontrolledcutter,whichreducestheheavylaborofmanualengraving,andmakestheplateThespeedisfast,thecycleisshorter,andtheplate-makingcostisalsolower.Mainlyusedtoproduceprintedintaglioplatesforsecurities.
Becauseofthehighcostoftheabovetwotypesofengravingandplate-making,theplate-makingcycleislong,sothescopeofuseislimited.Butthingsaredividedintotwoparts.Asfarasanti-counterfeitingpackagingisconcerned,hand-engravingintagliomaybethebestmethodofplatemaking.Becausesecretanti-counterfeitingisoneofthemainmethodsofanti-counterfeitingpackaging,technicianscanusevariousmethodstoengravesomesecretmarksduringtheprocessofhand-engravingtheintaglio.Thesesecretmarksonthehand-engravedintaglioarenoteasytobefound,anditismoredifficulttodistinguishthemontheprintedmatter.,Whichformsthesecretofanti-counterfeiting.
(3)Elektronické rytí
Thiskindofplateisengravedonthesurfaceoftheprintingplatecylinderbytheelectroniccontroldevicetocontrolthecarvingknife.Usingtheelectronicengravingmachine,accordingtothephotoelectricprinciple,theengravingknifeiscontrolledtoengravethemeshonthesurfaceofthedrum,andtheareaanddepthofthemesharechangedatthesametime.
Corrodedintaglio
Thecorrodedintaglioismadebyetchinginkpitsonthesurfaceoftheplatecylinderbychemicaletchingaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicsandtext.Accordingtothedifferentmethodsofmanuscriptimageandtextconversion,thecorrosionintagliocanbedividedintoetchingintaglio,photointaglio,anddotintaglio.
Theetchingintaglioismadebyaplate-makingmethodthatcombinesengravingandetching.Thatis,theshapeoftheoriginalimageandtextisfirsthand-carved,andthentheintaglioismadebytheetchingmethod.
Photogravureiswidelyused,andisthemostwidelyusedprintingplateingravureprinting,mainlyusedforprintingpictures.
Dotgravureismainlyusedforpackaginganddecorationprintingandbuildingmaterialsprinting.
Produkční faktory
Rukopisy
Rukopisy jsou většinou kontinuální kámen.
Ink
Gravureprintinginkiscomposedofsolidresin,volatilesolvents,pigments,fillersandadditives.Itdoesnotcontainvegetableoil,andmostofitsdryingmethodsarevolatile.Gravureprintinginkscanbedividedintothreetypes:photocopyinggravureprintinginks;plasticgravureprintinginks;alcohol-solublegravureprintinginks.Theroleofthesolventintheinkis:dissolvingordispersingallsolidcomponentsintheink;wettingthesurfaceofthesubstratetobeprinted;adjustingthedryingspeedoftheink;adjustingtheconsistencyoftheinktomakeitsuitablefortheinkingrequirementsoftheprintingplate.
Theprintingplate
Asignificantdifferencebetweentheintaglioplateandotherplatesisthatthegraphicpartiscomposedofconcaveholeslowerthanthenon-graphicpart,andtheprintingplateismadeofmetalmaterials.Itisfinishedwithchromeandcopperplatedontheoutside.
Podklad
Materiál pro hlubotisk může být velmi široký, ale lze jej použít pro tisk vysoce kvalitního papíru a plastové fólie.
Tlakařské stroje
Hlubotiskový stroj se obvykle skládá z osmi částí, včetně odvíjecí části, vodícího válce, přítlačného válce, tiskového válce, barvicí části, čepele, sušičky, přijímací objemové části, části hlubotiskového stroje, včetně libovacího systému a elektrického systému, kalibrace
Productionprocess
Becauseofthehighdegreeofautomationoftheprintingmachineandthehighqualityofplatemaking,theprocessoperationofgravureprintingissimplerthanthatoflithographicprintingandeasytomaster.Theprocessflowisasfollows:
Předtisková příprava→Předtisková příprava→Pravidla pro úpravy→Formální tisk→Potiskové zpracování
Předtisková příprava
Příprava pro hlubotisk zahrnuje: přípravu na tisk podle požadavků konstrukčního listuJe nutné namazat tiskový lis materiály, inkoustem, stěrkou atd.
Plasticfilmisthemainsubstrateforgravureprinting.Commonlyusedplasticfilmsarepolyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinylchlorideandsoon.Becausetheplasticfilmhasasmoothsurfaceandpoorinkadhesion,thesurfaceofthefilmmustbetreatedbeforeprinting.Coronatreatmentisgenerallyused.Thismethodistopasstheplasticfilmthroughtwoelectrodes,andusehigh-frequencyoscillatingpulsestoforcetheairtoionizetoproduceadischargephenomenontoformacorona.Freeoxygenatomscombinewithoxygenmoleculestogenerateozoneandformthesurfaceofthefilm.Somestronggroupsand"burrs"thatareinvisibletothenakedeyewillincreasethesurfacetensionandroughnessofthefilm,whichisconducivetotheadhesionofinkandadhesive.
Hlubotisk s použitím těkavého inkoustu z rozpouštědla, nízké viskozity, dobré tekutosti a silné přilnavosti. Běžně používaná rozpouštědla jsou toluen, xylen, benzín, alkohol atd. Před tiskem přidejte do inkoustu správné množství rozpouštědla a před použitím jej nejlépe přefiltrujte.
Themainfeatureofthegravureprintingmachineistheuseofasqueegeetoscrapeofftheinkintheblankpartoftheprintingplate.Thesqueegeeisaspecialsteelsheetwithawidthof60mmto80mmandalengthof1000mmto1500mm(dependingonthesizeoftheprintingplatecylinder).Thesqueegeeblademustbeinastraightline.Ifthereisa"smallcrescent"scar,awideobliquelinewillappearontheprintedsheet,thatis,thephenomenonofemptybarswilloccur.
Theprintingplateisthebasisofprinting,anditisdirectlyrelatedtotheprintingquality.Theprintingplateneedstobereviewedbeforetheprinting.Checkwhetherthedotsareneatandcomplete,whetherthechrome-platedprintingplatehasde-chromiumphenomenon,andthetextprintingplaterequirescompletelinesandnobrokenpensandlesslines.Theprintingplatecanbeinstalledontheprintingpressonlyafterdetailedinspection.
Upgrade
Duringtheoperationofprintingplate,payspecialattentiontoprotectthelayoutfrombeingscratched,alignthegrippingrulesandpush-pullrules,andalsoaligntheprintingplate.Thecylinderisfastenedontheprintingmachinetopreventtheplatecylinderfromlooseningduringformalprinting.
Pravidla pro seřízení
Po dokončení předtiskových příprav pečlivě zkalibrujte tiskovou desku, zkontrolujte podávání papíru, podávání papíru, podávání papíru a tahová pravidla a proveďte příslušná nastavení. Opravte tlak a seřiďte přísun inkoustu
Theadjustmentofthesqueegeeismainlytoadjustthedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheprintingplateandtheangleofthesqueegee,sothatthepressureofthesqueegeeonthelayoutisevenwithoutdamagingtheprintingplate.
Formální tisk
Během procesu formálního tisku byste měli vždy zkontrolovat, zda jsou body neporušené, zda je přetisk přesný, zda je inkoust světlý, zda viskozita inkoustu a zasychání jsou v souladu s rychlostí tisku Přizpůsobení, je na stěrkovacích značkách, stěrka, broušená čára je rovnoměrně rozřezaná. list.
Theworksiteofgravureprintingshouldhavegoodventilationequipmenttoeliminateharmfulgases,andsolventrecoveryequipmentshouldbeused.Theelectricalappliancesontheprintingpressmusthaveexplosion-proofdevices,andtheymustbecheckedandrepairedfrequentlytoavoidfire.
Features
Theinkcarrieringravureprintingisthepitsengravedontheprintingplate.Theshapeofthepitsisexactlythesameastheoriginalimageandtext.Thereisnoinkonthesurfaceoftheprintingplate.Whentheprintingplateisincontactwiththesubstrate,theinkinthepitistransferredtothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprintingprocess.Therefore,gravureprintinghassomeuniquecharacteristicsthataredifferentfromotherprintingmethods,whicharediscussedseparatelybelow.
Anti-counterfeiting
Gravureprintingusespitscarvedaccordingtotheoriginalgraphicstocarryink.Thethicknessofthelinesandtheintensityoftheinkcanbearbitrarilycontrolledduringengraving,whichisnoteasytobeimitatedandForgery,especiallythedepthoftheinkpit,isveryunlikelytoberealisticallyengravedaccordingtotheprintedgraphics.Therefore,currentsecuritiessuchasbanknotes,stamps,stocks,etc.aregenerallyprintedwithgravure,whichhasagoodanti-counterfeitingeffect.Atpresent,somecompanies'trademarksandevenpackaginganddecorationhaveconsciouslyadoptedgravureprinting,whichshowsthatgravureprintingisamorevigorousanti-counterfeitingprintingmethod.
Široká škála
Obecné měkké materiály lze použít jako substráty pro hlubotisk. Například plast, papír, hliníková fólie atd., zejména pro některé materiály, které se snadno roztahují a deformují, jako jsou například textilní materiály atd., které mají lepší přizpůsobivost tisku, které se lisováním a neshodují.
Vysoká kvalita tisku
Hlubotisk používá velké množství inkoustu, grafika a text jsou konvexní a vrstvy jsou bohaté, linie jsou jasné a kvalita je vysoká. Většina tisku knih, časopisů, časopisů, obalů a dekorací je hlubotisk.
Massprinting
Gravureprintinghasalongplate-makingcycle,highefficiencyandhighcost.Buttheprintingplateisdurable,soitissuitableformassprinting.Thelargerthebatch,thehigherthebenefit,andthelowerthebenefitforprintingwithsmallerbatches.Therefore,thegravuremethodisnotsuitablefortheprintingofsmallbatchesoftrademarks.
Digitalplatemaking
Accordingtothecurrentdomesticactualsituation,therearethreemethodsfordigitalplatemakingofgravure:electronicengravingmachinemethod,laserengravingandpost-corrosionprocessingmethod,andlaseralloyelectroplatingDirectablationmethod.
Metoda elektronického gravírovacího stroje
Electronicengravingmachineisaprecisionmachinewithhighqualitystabilityapplyingmoderntechnologysuchasintegratedautomationcontrol.Allproductiondataofelectriccarvingiscollectedindigitalform,whichcanbeusedinsubsequentjobswithstrongreliability.Themanuscriptbecomesadigitalsignalfromthebeginningofbeingscannedandsenttothesoftwareforcolorseparationandthentransmittedtotheelectricengravingmachineorcolorproofingmachine,whichisverybeneficialtothestandardizationandstandardizationoftheproductionprocess,therebyensuringthequalityoftheprintedmatter.Moreover,theelectricengravingworkstationusesTIFFgraphicdatatotransfer,anditiseasilyintegratedandsettheworkingparameterconfigurationthroughtheHelioLightassemblyworkstation.Theengravingsoftwaregeneratestheelectro-engravingcurve,recordstheelectro-engravingparametersanddisplaystheengravingstatus,untiltheCDisburnedtosavethefile.(Convenientformultipleuseandrevision).
Theelectriccarvingcraftisrelativelymature,thecontrolissimple,andthelevelsarerestoredtolife.Thedisadvantageisthattheamountofinkappliedonthespotislimited,andtheinklayerhasinsufficienthidingpowerforsomeroughsubstrates;duetothepartitionbetweenthemechanicallyengravedmeshandthemesh,theedgeofthelinecomposedofthemeshisinevitablyjagged.,Whenprinting,smalltextisnotclearandeasytobreakorpaste.However,HaierofGermanyrecentlylaunchedXtremeengravingtechnology,whichcanreproducethemostsubtlepartsveryfinelyatascreencountofupto400lines/cm.Thefinetextcanindependentlyselecttherecordingresolutionwithoutrelyingonthenumberofengravingscreenlines.ThroughoptimizationTheinkflowsmoothesthecontoursandproducescontourlines.Itcannotonlyrealizeregularoutlets,butalsorealizeFMscreeningandcopying.
Proces laserového rytí a následného leptání
Laserengravingandpost-etchingprocessisanotheradvanceddigitalplatemakingmethodafterelectro-engraving.Itisacceptedthroughinterfacelikeelectro-engravingTheimagefileprocessedbycolorseparationissenttothelasermodulator.Thelaseractsontheprotectivelayerpre-coatedonthesurfaceofthedrumtoexposethecopperorironbottom,andthenformsonthedrumafterdifferentperiodsofcorrosion.Dotpitsofdifferentsizes.
Thelaserengravingprocessovercomestheweaknessofelectro-engravedtextandthinlines,hairyandweakhair,andhighlightsthecharacteristicsofhighinkcontent,thickcolor,clearwriting,anddurability.Itissimilartotraditionalphotogravureplatemaking.Italsohastheadvantagesofhighscreenaccuracy,arbitraryeditingofthenetworkshape,andnoseams.Itissuitableforprintingplateswithparticularlysmallbuthighdefinitionrequirementssuchascigaretteprintingandanti-counterfeitingprinting.Itiswidelyusedinhigh-precisionanti-counterfeitingprintingsuchascurrency,securities,andticketing,aswellashigh-endtobaccoandalcoholpackaging.Itisproducedonfineembossingrollersandrubbercoatingrollers.Therearemoreadvantagesintheprocess.
Thereisalsoasensitizerlasermethod,whichusesavioletlasertoexposeandrinsethephotosensitivelayerofthegraphicpart.Theotherprocessesarebasicallythesameasthelaserengravingmethod.
Laserdirectablationofelectroplatedalloyplatemakingmethod
Thewideapplicationoflaserablationtechnologyingravurewillberapidlypopularizedwiththedevelopmentoflasertechnology.Itdoesnotrequiremechanicaladjustmentandfine-tuning.Linesandtextareclearer,anditiseasiertocontrollevelsthancorrosion.Thelatestlaserengravingmachineonthemarketcurrentlyuseshigh-resolutionlasersforfineengravingdirectlyonthesurfaceofthecopperdrum.Thecontour,dotdistributionanddepthoftheengravedinformationcanbearbitrarilychanged,soastoachievetheoutputeffectthatonlylaserimagesetterscouldachievebefore.
Výhody a nevýhody
①Výhody:Ink je asi 90% výrazný a má bohaté barvy.Silná reprodukovatelnost barev.Tolerance silných stránek.Počet tisků je velký.Rozsah použití papíru je široký a materiály jiné než papírové kanály mohou být potištěny.
②Nevýhody: poplatek za výrobu desek je drahý, poplatek za tisk je také drahý, práce na výrobě desek je složitější a malý počet tisků není vhodný.
Rozsah použití hlubotisku
Engravinggravureprinting,becauseofitsexquisitelinesandnoteasytocounterfeit,isusedintheprintingofsecurities,suchasbanknotes,stocks,giftcertificates,Stampsandcommercialcreditcertificatesorstationery,etc.Becauseofitshighcostofplatemakingandprinting,thereareveryfewusersofgeneralprintedmatter.Asforphotogravure,althoughitsplatemakingprocessismorecomplicatedanditscostismoreexpensive,itisnotsuitableforprintingasmallnumberofprints.Itisgenerallyusedinalargenumberofprintedmaterials,suchascolormagazinesandcurrentlypopularbuildingmaterialsprinting,etc.Bothareextremelysuitable.Becausegravureprintingadoptshigh-speedrotarytype,notonlythespeedisfast,buttheinkfilmismuchthickerthanthatofletterpressorlithography.
Control
Inadditiontobooks,newspapers,andmajorprintingpackaginganddecorationmaterials,gravureprintingshouldmeetthefollowingqualityrequirementsaccordingtothecharacteristicsofgravureprinting.
Monochromatické hlubotisky, světlé, střední a tmavé tóny jsou dobře definované, koordinované a jemné. Vývody jsou čisté a kompletní. Uspořádání je stejné a čisté.
Colorintaglioprinting:theimageisbright,mediumanddarktoneswithdistinctlevels,coordinationandfineness.Thecolorisnaturalandharmonious.Theoutletsareclear,complete,andtheangleisaccurate.Theimageoutlineisclear,andtheoverprintingtoleranceisallowed.
Appearanceofprintedmatter:Thelayoutisclean,uniform,withoutobviousstains.Thepositionoftheimageandtextisaccurate.Thecoloroftheprintingplateisbasicallythesame,thesizeerroroffineprintsisnotmorethan0.5mm,thegeneralprintsarenotmorethan1.0mm,andtheoverprinterrorofthefrontandbacksidesisnotmorethan1.0mm.
Kontrola kvality tisku
1.Zařízení pro automatický přetisk
Anautomaticoverprintingdeviceisinstalledonthewebgravureprintingmachine.Thedeviceiscomposedofscanninghead,pulsegenerator,electroniccontroller,regulatingmotor,overprintregulatingrollerandsoon.
Whentheoverprintmarkontheprintedsheetpassesthroughthescanninghead,thepulsesignalissenttotheelectroniccontroller.Iftheoverprintmarkofthesecondcoloriswrongbeforeorafterthemarkofthefirstcolor,thepulsetimewillbeUneven,sotheelectroniccontrollerstartstheadjustmentmotor,sothattheregisteradjustmentrollerbetweenthefirstcolorandthesecondcolorhasaslightmovementtoeliminatetheregistererror.
2.Zařízení pohlcující elektrostatický inkoust
Gravureprintingmachinesaregenerallyequippedwithelectrostaticink-absorbingdevices.Thedeviceiscomposedofahigh-voltageadjustablegenerator,analuminumconductiveroller,aspecialimpressioncylinderwithconductivesurfaceandinsulatingbottomlayer,andaprotectionmechanismtoautomaticallycutoffstaticelectricityandovercurrentshort-circuitprotectionwhenthemachinestops.Theuseofstaticelectricitytoadsorbtheinkintheprintingplatecellstothesurfaceofthesubstratecanincreasetheinktransferratebyabout20%,especiallytomakethelevelofthebrightpartoftheprintedmatterrichlyreproduced.
Problémy
Chyby pravoúhlého tisku jsou způsobeny hlavně tiskovými deskami, inkousty, substráty, stěrkami atd.
(1)Nerovnoměrnost barvy inkoustu
Thephenomenonofperiodicinkcolorchangesonprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:correcttheroundnessoftheplatecylinder,adjusttheangleandpressureofthesqueegeeorreplacewithanewsqueegee.
(2)Otisk je neostrý a načechraný
Theimageoftheprintedmatterishierarchicalandfuzzy,andburrsappearontheedgesoftheimageandtext.Eliminationmethodsinclude:removingstaticelectricityonthesurfaceofthesubstrate,addingapolarsolventtotheink,appropriatelyincreasingtheprintingpressure,andadjustingthepositionofthesqueegee.
(3)Blokování
Thephenomenonthattheinkdriesupinthecellsoftheprintingplate,orthecellsoftheprintingplatearefilledwithpaperwoolorpaperpowder,iscalledblockage.Theeliminationmethodsare:increasethecontentofthesolventintheink,reducethedryingspeedoftheink,andprintonpaperwithhighsurfacestrength.
(4)Inkovoverflow
Thephenomenonofspotsonthesolidpartoftheprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:addhardvarnishtoincreasetheviscosityoftheink.Adjusttheangleofthesqueegee,increasetheprintingspeed,replacethedeep-cellprintingplatewithashallow-cellprintingplate,etc.
(5)Škrábance
Therearetracesofsqueegeeontheprintedmatter.Theexclusionmethodsare:usecleaninkprintingwithnoforeignmattermixedin.Adjusttheviscosity,dryness,andadhesionoftheink.Useahigh-qualitysqueegeetoadjusttheanglebetweenthesqueegeeandtheprintingplate.
(6)Precipitace pigmentu
Thephenomenonthatthecolorontheprintedmatterbecomeslighter.Theexclusionmethodsare:printingwithinkswithgooddispersibilityandstableperformance.Addanti-cohesionandanti-precipitationadditivestotheink.Fullyrollandstirtheinkintheinktankfrequently.
(7)Špinavý
Thereisinkstainontheprintedmatter.Theeliminationmethodsare:chooseprintinginkwithfastvolatilizationspeed,increasethedryingtemperatureorappropriatelyreducetheprintingspeed.
(8)Propouštění inkoustu
Theadhesionoftheinkprintedontheplasticfilmispoor,anditisaphenomenoninwhichtheinkisrubbedoffbyhandormechanicalforce.Theeliminationmethodsare:preventtheplasticfilmfromgettingdamp,selectinkprintingwithgoodaffinityfortheplasticfilm,andresurfacetheplasticfilmtoincreasethesurfacetension.
Rozsah použití
1. Účinek ručního hlubotisku proti padělání je lepší
Thesecretthatanti-counterfeitingisamajoraspectofcommodityanti-counterfeiting,Andthisisimplementedbythetrademark,hand-engravedgravureprintingprovidesthenecessarymeansforit.Hand-engravedgravureprintingiseasytoimplementsecretanti-counterfeitingduringplatemaking.Thedepthofthepitsduringengravingdeterminestheintensityoftheprints.Theimitatorcaneasilyimitatethesizeoftheimageandthethicknessoftheline,butitisdifficulttoimitatetheintensity.Printsofthesamelevel(thatis,thesamedeepinkpit).Thisisthemainreasonwhygravuremustbeusedforsecuritiesforalongtime.
Thelesstheprintvolume,thebettertheanti-counterfeitingeffect.Duetothelongcycleandhighcostofhand-carvingintaglioplates,thepriceofprintedproductsishigherwhentheprintvolumeissmall.Themainpurposeofcounterfeitersistopursueeconomicbenefits.Theyareunwillingtotakeanyriskswhentheyareunprofitableorprofitable.Therefore,itcanbesaidthattheanti-counterfeitingeffectofgravureprintingforsmallbatchesoftrademarksmaybebetterthanthatoflargebatchesofgravureprinting.
2. Výroba a tisk desek se provádí na dvou místech
Theplate-makingandprintingindifferentplaceshaveagoodanti-counterfeitingeffect.Printinghousesgenerallyhavetheabilitytomakeplates,buttrademark-usingcompaniesshouldchooseadifferentunitforplatemakingwork,becauseoneofthekeytoanti-counterfeitingistoknowthelesspeoplethebetter.Theentireprocessoftrademarkdesignandprinting,sothatevenifthereareloopholesinonelink,otherlinksaresufficienttomeettheneedsofanti-counterfeiting.Whenthetrademarkisprintedintheprintingplant,thecompanymustsendresponsiblepersonneltothesitetosupervisetheprintingtopreventthetheftoftheprintingplateandthetheftofthetrademark.Afterprinting,theprintingplateshouldbetakenbackandstored.
3. Kombinujte s technologií proti padělání inkoustu
Inkanti-counterfeitingtechnologyisalsoanaspectofsecretanti-counterfeiting,combininggravureprintingtechnologywithinkanti-counterfeitingtechnology,Realizethedoublesecretanti-counterfeiting,theanti-counterfeitingeffectwillbebetter.Someprintinganti-counterfeitinginkshavelargerpigmentparticlesandrequireathickerinklayer,whilethegravureprintinginklayeristhickerandtheprintedproducthasastrongertexture.Thecombinationofthetwowillachievedoubleanti-counterfeitinganddecorationeffects.Ifgravureprintingusesfluorescentink,itnotonlyguaranteesthemicroconvexityofgravureprinting,butalsoguaranteestheuserequirementsoffluorescentink,andthesecretanti-counterfeitingfunctionsofbotharealsoguaranteed.Theinkshouldbepreparedbyitself,andthenhandedovertotheprintingcompanyforuse.Afterprinting,theinkshouldberecoveredandstored,sothatabetteranti-counterfeitingeffectcanbeobtained.
Developmenttrend
1.Largeandmedium-sizedpackaginggravureprintingcompanieswilloccupythemainstream,especiallycigarettepackagegravureprintingcompaniesthatarepursuingeconomiesofscale,highqualityandhightechnology.
2.Duetoenvironmentalprotectionandhygienereasons,industriessuchasfood,medicine,tobacco,andwinearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectionofpackagingmaterialsandprintingprocesses.Gravureprintingcompaniespaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentoftheprintingworkshop.Environmentally-friendlyinksandvarnisheswillbecomemoreandmorepopular,closedsqueegeesystemsandquick-changedeviceswillbepromotedandapplied,andgravureprintingmachinessuitableforwater-basedinkswillbewidelyadopted.
3.Theindependentdrivetechnologyofthegravureprintingmachineandtheelectronicshafttransmissionasthetechnologyplatformwillrealizethecomprehensiveupgradeofthegravureprintingmachine.Allkindsofgravureprintingmachineswilladoptelectronicshafttransmission.TheelectronicshaftdriveandregistersystemmainlycomefromJapanandEurope,buttheycanonlybeappliedtoasmallnumberofdomesticgravureprintingpresses.Thedevelopmentofadomesticoverprintsystemwillbethekeytoacomprehensiveupgradeofdomesticgravureprintingmachines.
4.Theratioofwide-formatgravurepressesandpapergravurepresseswillcontinuetoincrease.Ontheonehand,thedecorativeprinting(mainlywoodgrainpaperprinting)andcartongravureprintingmarketwillgrowrapidly.Ontheotherhand,therangeofflexiblepackaginggravureprintingmachineswillcontinuetoincrease,andthenumberoflargeformatgravureprintingmachineswillincreaserapidly.Paperandpaper-basedcompositegravureprintingmachines(woodgrainpapercigarettelabels,asepticpackaging,giftwrappingpaper,etc.)willgrowrapidly.
5.Theprocessingofthegravureproductionlinewillbemorediversified,andthefunctionconfigurationwillbecomestrongerandstronger,suchaspolishing,diecutting,crosscutting,softlabelcutting,etc.Correspondingly,gravureprintingmachinemanagementsystemsandremotetechnicalsupportsystemswillbemoreandmoreadopted.Atthesametime,inordertomeettheneedsofindividualization,allpartsfromunwinding,printing,in-lineprocessing,andwindingwillbemodularized,themostimportantofwhichwillbethegravurecartortheinterchangeofgravureandflexographicprinting.Smallcart.