Domov Technika Hemodialyzační přístroj

Hemodialyzační přístroj



Základní složení

Zařízení na hemodialýzu se skládá hlavně z dialyzačního stroje, dialyzátoru, dialyzačních hadiček, dialyzátu, systému úpravy vody atd. Mezi nimi dialyzační přístroje, dialyzátory, dialyzační hadičky a dialyzační přístroje jsou všechny klasifikovány jako zdravotnická zařízení třídy III.třídy;

1. Dialyzační přístroj

Thedialysismachinecansmoothlyflowbloodanddialysatethroughthedialyzertoachievethepurposeoftreatment.Monitorandcontrolthedialysistreatmentprocesstomaintainthesafetyofthepatientduringthetreatmentprocess.Italsohasthefunctionsofpressuredetection,heparinperfusionandregulation.Thedialysismachinecanbedividedintothreepartsaccordingtoitsfunction:thedialysatesupplysystem,thebloodcirculationcontrolsystemandtheultrafiltrationcontrolsystem.

2.Dialyzátor

Thedialyzerisapipeandcontainerforsoluteexchangebetweenbloodanddialysate.Itismainlycomposedofasupportingstructureandadialysismembranetoreplacethekidney,asshowninthefigure.Show.Thedialysismembraneisthemainpartofthedialyzer,whichseparatesthebloodfromthedialysate.Currently,thecommonlyuseddialyzersarehollowfibertype,andtheflat-typeandtube-typedialyzersusedintheearlydayshavebeenbasicallyeliminated.

3. Dialyzační hadičky

Usedinconjunctionwiththedialysismachinetoformadisposablemedicaldeviceforextracorporealcirculationduringdialysistreatment.

4. Dialyzát

Thedialysateisatypeofsolutioncontainingavarietyofionicandnon-ionicsubstances.Thebasiccomponentsaremainlysodium,potassium,calcium,andmagnesiumfourcations,andChlorineandbasearetwoanions,andpartofthedialysatecontainsglucose.Dialysatecanremovemetabolicwasteandmaintainwater,electrolyteandacid-basebalance.Generally,concentratedsolutionAismainlycomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumchloride,potassiumchloride,calciumchloride,magnesiumchloride,andaceticacid;concentratedsolutionBiscomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumbicarbonateorsodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchloride.

5.Systém úpravy vody

Tapwatercontainssuspendedsolids,colloids,variouschemicalsubstances,microorganismsandendotoxins.Ifitisnottreateddirectlyfordialysis,itwillcauseseriousclinicalconsequences.Thewatertreatmentsystemcanremovedissolvedsalts,organicmatter,silicacolloids,macromolecularsubstancesandparticulatematternotremovedbypretreatmentinthewater,sothatthewatercanbepurifiedtomeettherequirementsofdialysiswater.

Thewatertreatmentsystemincludeswaterpretreatmentsystem(sandfiltration,softening,activatedcarbonadsorptionandmicrofiltration),waterpurificationsystem(reverseosmosis,deionization),waterstorageandsupplysystem(watertank,Submicronfiltrationandpipelinetransportationsystem).

Workingprinciple

Thedialysisconcentrateanddialysiswaterarepreparedintoqualifieddialysatethroughthedialysatesupplysystem,andthenthebloodofthepatientdrawnfromthebloodmonitoringalarmsystemisprocessedthroughthehemodialysismachine.Solutedispersion,permeationandultrafiltration;thepatient’sbloodisreturnedtothepatient’sbodythroughthebloodmonitoringalarmsystem,andthedialysisliquidisdischargedfromthedialysatesupplysystemasawasteliquid;thecontinuouscycleisrepeatedtocompletetheentiredialysisprocesstoachieveThepurposeoftreatment,itsworkingprincipleisshowninthefigure.

Údržba

1. Odstraňte prach

ItisnecessarytocheckandcleanthefilterregularlytopreventthefilterfromcloggingandcausingthecircuitboardtoactivatetheoverheatingprotectionduringtheoperationofthemachineorBurnout.Formachinesthathavebeenusedformanyyears,thecircuitboardshouldbedust-removed,orcontactthemanufacturertoreplacethecircuitboard.

2. Kontrola a kalibrace souvisejících parametrů

Becausetheclinicalhemodialysisdevicelastsforalongtimeandissusceptibletothermalandchemicalcorrosion,ifitisnotfoundandadjustedintimeThemachinewillreducethequalityofthepatient'shemodialysis,andevenendangerthepatient'slife.Therefore,theindicatorsshouldbecheckedandcalibratedontimeaccordingtothe"HemodialysisMachineCalibrationSpecification".

3.Výměna strojního filtru

Undernormaltreatmentconditions,bacteriaandendotoxinfiltersaregenerallyreplacedonceevery90days.Iftherearemanypatientstreated,theworkingtimeofthemachineismorethan10hours/Daily,itisrecommendedtoreplaceitevery60days.

4.Denní dezinfekce stroje

Themachineshouldbedisinfectedaftereachshiftofpatientstopreventtheoccurrenceofcross-infection.Performcitricacidthermaldecalcificationcleaningatleastonceaweektoremovecalciumandmagnesiumdepositsinthemachine;performsodiumhypochloritedisinfectioneveryhalfamonthoramonth(dependingontheactualsituationofthehospital)toremoveorganicmatteraccumulatedinthemachine.

Riskmonitoringduringuse

Inordertopreventtherecurrenceofinjuryincidentscausedbyadverseevents,theStateFoodandDrugAdministrationremindsmedicalstaffanduserstostrengthensafeusetrainingandtreatmentforpatientsPropagandaandeducation,operateinstrictaccordancewiththeregulations,andregularlymaintaintheequipment.Whenperforminghemodialysistreatment,medicalstaffshouldreasonablyweighthebenefitsandrisksofhemodialysisforthepatient,fullyunderstandthepatient'sphysicalfitness,pastmedicalhistory,etc.,strictlygrasptheindications,andstrengthenmonitoringduringtreatment.Patientsshouldstrengthentheirawarenessofself-protection,activelycooperatewithmedicalstaffintreatment,andshouldpromptlyreportandseekmedicaltreatmentiftheyexperiencediscomfortduringoraftertreatment.

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