Základní složení
Zařízení na hemodialýzu se skládá hlavně z dialyzačního stroje, dialyzátoru, dialyzačních hadiček, dialyzátu, systému úpravy vody atd. Mezi nimi dialyzační přístroje, dialyzátory, dialyzační hadičky a dialyzační přístroje jsou všechny klasifikovány jako zdravotnická zařízení třídy III.třídy;
1. Dialyzační přístroj
Thedialysismachinecansmoothlyflowbloodanddialysatethroughthedialyzertoachievethepurposeoftreatment.Monitorandcontrolthedialysistreatmentprocesstomaintainthesafetyofthepatientduringthetreatmentprocess.Italsohasthefunctionsofpressuredetection,heparinperfusionandregulation.Thedialysismachinecanbedividedintothreepartsaccordingtoitsfunction:thedialysatesupplysystem,thebloodcirculationcontrolsystemandtheultrafiltrationcontrolsystem.
2.Dialyzátor
Thedialyzerisapipeandcontainerforsoluteexchangebetweenbloodanddialysate.Itismainlycomposedofasupportingstructureandadialysismembranetoreplacethekidney,asshowninthefigure.Show.Thedialysismembraneisthemainpartofthedialyzer,whichseparatesthebloodfromthedialysate.Currently,thecommonlyuseddialyzersarehollowfibertype,andtheflat-typeandtube-typedialyzersusedintheearlydayshavebeenbasicallyeliminated.
3. Dialyzační hadičky
Usedinconjunctionwiththedialysismachinetoformadisposablemedicaldeviceforextracorporealcirculationduringdialysistreatment.
4. Dialyzát
Thedialysateisatypeofsolutioncontainingavarietyofionicandnon-ionicsubstances.Thebasiccomponentsaremainlysodium,potassium,calcium,andmagnesiumfourcations,andChlorineandbasearetwoanions,andpartofthedialysatecontainsglucose.Dialysatecanremovemetabolicwasteandmaintainwater,electrolyteandacid-basebalance.Generally,concentratedsolutionAismainlycomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumchloride,potassiumchloride,calciumchloride,magnesiumchloride,andaceticacid;concentratedsolutionBiscomposedofaqueoussolutionsofsodiumbicarbonateorsodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchloride.
5.Systém úpravy vody
Tapwatercontainssuspendedsolids,colloids,variouschemicalsubstances,microorganismsandendotoxins.Ifitisnottreateddirectlyfordialysis,itwillcauseseriousclinicalconsequences.Thewatertreatmentsystemcanremovedissolvedsalts,organicmatter,silicacolloids,macromolecularsubstancesandparticulatematternotremovedbypretreatmentinthewater,sothatthewatercanbepurifiedtomeettherequirementsofdialysiswater.
Thewatertreatmentsystemincludeswaterpretreatmentsystem(sandfiltration,softening,activatedcarbonadsorptionandmicrofiltration),waterpurificationsystem(reverseosmosis,deionization),waterstorageandsupplysystem(watertank,Submicronfiltrationandpipelinetransportationsystem).
Workingprinciple
Thedialysisconcentrateanddialysiswaterarepreparedintoqualifieddialysatethroughthedialysatesupplysystem,andthenthebloodofthepatientdrawnfromthebloodmonitoringalarmsystemisprocessedthroughthehemodialysismachine.Solutedispersion,permeationandultrafiltration;thepatient’sbloodisreturnedtothepatient’sbodythroughthebloodmonitoringalarmsystem,andthedialysisliquidisdischargedfromthedialysatesupplysystemasawasteliquid;thecontinuouscycleisrepeatedtocompletetheentiredialysisprocesstoachieveThepurposeoftreatment,itsworkingprincipleisshowninthefigure.
Údržba
1. Odstraňte prach
ItisnecessarytocheckandcleanthefilterregularlytopreventthefilterfromcloggingandcausingthecircuitboardtoactivatetheoverheatingprotectionduringtheoperationofthemachineorBurnout.Formachinesthathavebeenusedformanyyears,thecircuitboardshouldbedust-removed,orcontactthemanufacturertoreplacethecircuitboard.
2. Kontrola a kalibrace souvisejících parametrů
Becausetheclinicalhemodialysisdevicelastsforalongtimeandissusceptibletothermalandchemicalcorrosion,ifitisnotfoundandadjustedintimeThemachinewillreducethequalityofthepatient'shemodialysis,andevenendangerthepatient'slife.Therefore,theindicatorsshouldbecheckedandcalibratedontimeaccordingtothe"HemodialysisMachineCalibrationSpecification".
3.Výměna strojního filtru
Undernormaltreatmentconditions,bacteriaandendotoxinfiltersaregenerallyreplacedonceevery90days.Iftherearemanypatientstreated,theworkingtimeofthemachineismorethan10hours/Daily,itisrecommendedtoreplaceitevery60days.
4.Denní dezinfekce stroje
Themachineshouldbedisinfectedaftereachshiftofpatientstopreventtheoccurrenceofcross-infection.Performcitricacidthermaldecalcificationcleaningatleastonceaweektoremovecalciumandmagnesiumdepositsinthemachine;performsodiumhypochloritedisinfectioneveryhalfamonthoramonth(dependingontheactualsituationofthehospital)toremoveorganicmatteraccumulatedinthemachine.
Riskmonitoringduringuse
Inordertopreventtherecurrenceofinjuryincidentscausedbyadverseevents,theStateFoodandDrugAdministrationremindsmedicalstaffanduserstostrengthensafeusetrainingandtreatmentforpatientsPropagandaandeducation,operateinstrictaccordancewiththeregulations,andregularlymaintaintheequipment.Whenperforminghemodialysistreatment,medicalstaffshouldreasonablyweighthebenefitsandrisksofhemodialysisforthepatient,fullyunderstandthepatient'sphysicalfitness,pastmedicalhistory,etc.,strictlygrasptheindications,andstrengthenmonitoringduringtreatment.Patientsshouldstrengthentheirawarenessofself-protection,activelycooperatewithmedicalstaffintreatment,andshouldpromptlyreportandseekmedicaltreatmentiftheyexperiencediscomfortduringoraftertreatment.