Technicalcomposition
Informationmeasurementincludesthemeasurementofelectricalsignalinformationandnon-electricalsignalinformation.Forexample,intheautomaticcontrolsystemofindustrialproduction,inordertoimplementautomaticcontrolofvariouselectricalequipment,itisnecessarytomeasuretheparameterssuchasvoltageandcurrentoftheelectricalequipmentfirstinordertoimplementaccurateandreliablecontrol.Voltageandcurrentparametersareakindofelectricalsignalinformation.Forsomedepartmentssuchasmeteorologyandhydrology,iftheywanttograspthechangingtrendsofweatherandwaterconditionsandmaketimelyforecasts,theymustaccuratelymeasureparameterssuchasairpressure,temperature,windspeed,waterdepth,andflowvelocity.Theseparametersareallnon-signalinformation.Inordertoimprovetheaccuracyofinformationmeasurement,electronictechnologyiswidelyused.Applicationslikeelectronicanemometers,electronicflowmetersandelectronicthermometershavebecomequitecommon.Theelectricalsignalinformationcanbedirectlyconvertedintothecorrespondinginformationthroughthecircuit,andthenon-electricityinformationmustbeconvertedintoanelectricalsignalformbyaconverterbeforeitcanbeinputtotheelectroniccircuitforcorrespondingconversion.
InformationstorageincludesdiskstorageandCDstorage.Thesetwoareimportantpartsofcomputertechnology.Theinformationstoredonthediskoropticaldiskcanbereadoutthroughthecorrespondingdriveanddisplayedonthecomputerscreenorprintedonpaper.Drivesaredividedintodiskdrivesandopticaldrives.Theyarecomposedofasteppingmotorandaread-writemechanism.Underthecontrolofthecomputer,thesteppingmotorandtheread-writemechanismaredrivenbythemotortorotatethedisk(oropticaldisc)accordingtothepositionoftheinformationspecifiedonthedisc,andtheread-writemechanismperformsreadorwriteoperationsonthestoragetrackonthedisc.Thedriveisahigh-techexternaldeviceofthecomputer.
Informationperceptionincludestext,image,voicerecognitionandnaturallanguageunderstanding.Typicalexamplesofinformationperceptionareremotesensingtechnologyandintelligentcomputers.
Theso-calledremotesensingtechnologyusesspacevehiclesandmodernelectronicandopticalinstrumentstodetectandrecognizethecharacteristicinformationoflong-distancetargets,andthenthroughtheinformationprocessingcenter,toachievetheperceptionoftheobject.Remotesensingtechnologyincludesthreecomponents:oneisremotesensinginstrument.Itisadevicethatcanperceivethenatureofdistantobjectslikethefivesensesofaperson,anditsfunctionistoreceiveelectromagneticwavesradiatedorreflectedbytheobject.Likeanaerialcamera,thisisageneralvisiblelightcamera.Suchasmulti-spectralphotographyscanner,itmainlyscansandreceivesinvisiblelightsuchasultravioletandinfrared.Suchasmicrowaveradar,itcanlaunchmicrowavestoatarget,andcarryoutactivetrackingandremotesensingbasedonthewavesreflectedbyit.Thesecondistheremotesensingplatform.Itisaplatformforerectingremotesensinginstruments,anditmustmaintainacertaindistanceandanglefromtheobjecttobemeasured.Themostwidelyusedistheuseofartificialsatellitesorspacecraftasremotesensingplatforms,calledaerospaceremotesensing.Thethirdistoidentifyequipment.Itcanprocessandinterpretthefeaturesofthetargetinformationreceivedbytheremotesensor.Withoutit,westilldon'tknowanythingaboutthetarget.Theidentificationequipmentinthisareamainlyincludescomputers,colorsynthesizers,imagedigitizers,etc.Theso-calledintelligentcomputerreferstotheabilitytoperceive,recognize,reason,andlearn,canprocessqualitative,incomplete,anduncertainknowledge,cancommunicatewithhumannaturallanguage,text,andgraphicsandimages,andadapttotheactualenvironmentCapablecomputer.Toachievethisgoal,along-termeffortisneeded.Informationcollectioninvolvesthecollectionofnaturalinformationandsocialinformation,whichneedstobeobtainedthroughcensuses,surveys,orinterviews.
Získávání informací
Hlavními technologiemi získávání informací jsou technologie snímání, technologie telemetrie a technologie dálkového snímání.
Sensingtechnology,togetherwithcommunicationtechnology,computertechnologyandmicroelectronicstechnology,constitutethecorepillaroftheinformationindustry.Ifthecomputerisanextensionofthebrain,thenthesensorisanextensionofthehumanfivesenses.
Scientistshavedevelopedmanydevicesusingmodernsensingtechnology,whichcannotonlyreplacehumansenseorganstocapturevariousinformation,butalsocaptureinformationthathumansenseorganscannotperceive.Atthesametime,theinformationcapturedbymodernsensingtechnologyisoftenaccuratedigitizedinformation,whichisconvenientforcomputerprocessing.