Úvod
MIPSTechnologyCorporationje výrobce vysoce výkonných, špičkových a vestavěných 32bitových a 64bitových procesorů a zaujímá důležitou pozici v RISC procesorech. PSse oddělil od SGIa stal se technologickou společností MIPS.
Společnost MIPS navrhla procesor RISC na počátku 80. let, uvedla na trh procesor R2000 v roce 1986, uvedla na trh procesor R3000 v roce 1988 a uvedla na trh první 64bitový mikroprocesor R4000 v roce 1991 94 (09. R1 později R10) 996) a R12000 (v roce 1997) byly úspěšně zavedeny.
Development
Subsequently,MIPS'strategychangedtofocusonembeddedsystems.In1999,MIPSCorporationreleasedtheMIPS32andMIPS64architecturestandards,layingthefoundationforthedevelopmentoffutureMIPSprocessors.ThenewarchitectureintegratesalltheoriginalMIPSinstructionsetsandaddsmanymorepowerfulfunctions.MIPShassuccessivelydevelopedahigh-performance,low-power32-bitprocessorcore(core)MIPS324Kcandahigh-performance64-bitprocessorcoreMIPS645Kc.In2000,MIPSreleasedaversionforMIPS324Kcanda64-bitMIPS6420Kcprocessorcore.
MIPSTechnologyCorporationisawell-knownchipdesigncompanyintheUnitedStates.ItusesReducedInstructionSystemComputingArchitecture(RISC)todesignchips.Comparedwiththecomplexinstructionsystemcomputingstructure(CISC)adoptedbyIntel,RISChastheadvantagesofsimplerdesignandshorterdesigncycle,andcanapplymoreadvancedtechnologiestodevelopfasternext-generationprocessors.
DuringthedevelopmentofMIPSchips,SGIacquiredMIPSComputersin1992.In1998,MIPSbrokeawayfromSGIandbecameaMIPStechnologycompany;MIPS324KcTMprocessorisaspecificMIPStechnologyAhigh-performance,low-voltage32-bitMIPSRISCcoredesignedforSystem-On-a-Chip.AdoptingtheMIPS32TMarchitecture,withtheR4000memorymanagementunit(MMU)andextendedprioritymode,thisprocessorisfullycompatiblewiththeR3000andR4000series(32-bit)microprocessorscurrentlywidelyusedintheembeddedfield.Thenew64-bitMIPSprocessorisRM9000x2.Judgingfromthe"x2"mark,itcontainsnotonebuttwo64-bitprocessorswithintegratedL2cache.RM9000x2ismainlyaimedatthenetworkinfrastructuremarket,withanintegratedDDRmemorycontrollerandultra-high-speedHyperTransportI/Olink.
Theprocessor,memory,andI/Oareallcross-connectedbygroupingtoachieveaunifiedchipsystemwithhighperformanceandcomprehensivecache.Inadditiontoimprovingsystemperformancethroughparallelprocessing,RM9000x2alsoimprovestheperformanceofasingleprocessorbycombiningsuperscalarandsuperpipelinetechnology.
The64-bitprocessorMIPS6420Kchasstrongfloating-pointcapabilityandcanformdifferentsystems,fromOctaneworkstationswithoneprocessortoOrigin2000serverswith64processors;thiskindofCPUismoresuitableforgraphicsworkstationsuse.ThelatestR12000chipofMIPShasbeenappliedinSGIservers,anditsmainfrequencycanreachupto400MHzatpresent.
MIPSprocessorswereahotspotinthedesignofRISCCPUsinthemid-1980s.MIPSisthebestsellingRISCCPU.YoucanseeMIPSproductsonsalefromanywhere,suchasSonyandNintendogameconsoles,CiscoroutersandSGIsupercomputers.Atpresent,astheRISCarchitectureisundercompetitionfromx86chips,MIPSmaybetheonlyoneintheoriginalRISCCPUdesignthatwillbeprofitableinthiscentury.ComparedwithIntel,thelicensingfeeofMIPSisrelativelylow,anditisadoptedbymostchipmanufacturersexceptIntel.
ThesystemstructureanddesignconceptofMIPSarerelativelyadvanced.ItsinstructionsystemhaspassedthegeneralprocessorinstructionsystemMIPSI,MIPSII,MIPSIII,MIPSIVtoMIPSV,andtheembeddedinstructionsystemMIPS16,MIPS32toMIPS64Thedevelopmentisverymature.Inthedesignconcept,MIPSemphasizesthecollaborationofsoftwareandhardwaretoimproveperformancewhilesimplifyinghardwaredesign.
ChinaLoongson2anditspreviousproductsusethe64-bitMIPSinstructionarchitecture,whichisincompatiblewiththecommonlyknownX86instructionarchitecture.TheMIPSinstructionarchitecturewascreatedbyMIPSandbelongstotheRISCsystem..Inthepast,MIPS-basedproductsweremostlyfoundinthefieldofworkstations.The"EmotionEngine"usedbySony'sPS2gameconsolealsousesMIPSinstructions.TheseMIPSprocessorshaveverystrongperformance,andGodson2alsobelongstothiscamp.Fullycompatible.
Poznámka: (Čína Loongson spolupracovala s MIPS)
DuetothefiercecompetitionintheserverRISCprocessormarket,HPhasgivenupitsPA-RISCand"illegitimatechildren"Alpha.Typesofserverprocessors,while"Alphatechnology"isabsorbedbyIntelandAMDandappliedtotheirownprocessors;MIPSprocessorshaveawiderrangeofapplications.ForserverRISCprocessors,theyaremainlyappliedtospecializedgraphicsWorkstation/server;relativelyspeaking,theapplicationismoreprofessional,sothereislesscompetition.AsfarascurrentserverRISCprocessorsareconcerned,itismainlythecompetitionbetweenIBM'sPOWERandSUN'sUltraSPARCprocessors;relativelyspeaking,IBMisabigwinnerinthisRISCprocessorcompetition.
UltraSPARCprocessorsarethelifebloodofSun.UnixserversbasedonUltraSPARChavebroughtinalotofrevenueforSun.However,aftertheimpactofthe.combubble,andtheUnixservermarkethasgraduallystabilized,Atatimewhenrevenueisdeclining,UltraSPARC'shugeresearchanddevelopmentcostshaveturnedintoaheavyburdenforSun.
Facedwithitsownsetbacks,SunhasrecentlysuccessivelyannouncedanewstrategyforUltraSPARC,drasticallychangingtheUltraSPARCproductplan(roadmap)tochangethecurrentunfavorablesituation.Forexample,theUltraSparcVandGeminiprocessorswerecancelled,andtheresourcefocuswasshiftedtohigh-throughputcomputingprocessorscode-namedNiagaraandRock.AndSunandFujitsuplantomergetheirSparcprocessor-basedserverproductsbefore2006tojointlydealwiththeircompetitorIBM;peoplearewaitingtoseewhowilldie.
Loongsonplanstoacquirea20%stakeinMIPS,anAmericanchipdesigncompany.TheDailyBusinessNewsreportedlastweekthattheBeijinggovernmentrequiredLoongsontopurchase20%ofMIPSandsendarepresentativetothecompany’sboardofdirectorstobecomeitsdirector.InJune2009,LoongsonhadobtainedMIPS32and64architectureprocessorlicensesfromMIPSCompany.ThemainreasonwasthatLoongson'sprocessorarchitecturewastoosimilartoMIPS'architecture(95%),andLoongsonproductsweresuspectedofinfringement.ThemarketvalueofMIPSisestimatedtobearoundUS$100million.FortheChinesegovernment,whichhasplentyofcash,buying20%ofthesharesisabreeze.TheMIPS-relatedintellectualpropertybehindGodsonistheonlypartofChinathathasnotbeeninventedorcreated.ThisisapainpointfortheChinesegovernment,whichhastakenindependentinnovationofchipsasasymbolofprogressinthesemiconductorindustryandhaselevateditsnationalpride.Therefore,bypurchasingaportionofMIPSshares,theInstituteofComputerScienceandTechnologyoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshastakenasmallsteptowardssolvingthisproblem.