Theconceptofprinting
Printing,asatechnologyforcopyingimagesandtext,hassocialsignificanceinthatitrecordsanddisseminatesthecorrespondinghistoricalculturewhilecopyingtextandimages.Therefore,thecountrywhereprintingtechnologyfirstappearedmustbeanancientcountryofhumancivilization.PrintingasapracticaltechnologyforcopyingwasinventedbytheChinese,andthesealasweknowitwasitsearlyprototype.Sealsappearedveryearlyinthehistoryofourcountry,andtherewerealreadyalargenumberofsealsmadeofmetal,stone,pottery,andbonearoundtheYinDynasty.Intheearlydays,mostofthesealswereinscribed,thatis,thewordswereconcaveontheprintingsurface.Later,thepositivesealappeared,thatis,thewordsprotrudedfromtheprintingsurface.Themainfunctionofthesealinhistorywastoserveasasignormarkproof,notcopyingasthemainpurpose.Thepurposeofthecraftform,butthesimplestampcontainstheprofoundprinciplesofreliefandintaglioprintinginthereproductiontechnology,whichisaveryimportantenlightenmentfortheinventionofprintingtechnologyintheconceptofprinting.
IntheearlyTangDynasty,theChineseinventedtheengravingtechnique,usingpearwoodorjujubewoodastheplatematerial,carveoutthegraphicsandtextwithaknife,andthenpaintedtheinkontheplate,andthencoveredthepaperontheinkedOntheprintingplate,useabrushtoapplypressureonthepapertowipetocompletethetransferofgraphicsandtext.Theengravingprintingofthisperiodhasanobviousdefect,thatis,everynewgraphicinformationneedstobere-engravedwithanewwoodblock,andthewoodengravingprocessisverylaboriousandtime-consuming,andthesolutiontothisproblemwastheearliest.Appearedinourcountry.
InSongDynasty,BiShenginventedthemovabletypeprintingofclay.Movabletypeiscomposedofsinglecharacters,whichcanbecombinedtoprintoutrelatedgraphicinformation,andcanbereusedafterdisassembly.
Withthedevelopmentofengravingtechnologyandmovabletypeprinting,in1340AD,ourcountryinventedthecolorengravingoverprintingplate,whichmeansthatthecontentofthesamelayoutisengravedintoseveralprintingplatesofthesamesizeaccordingtothecolorrequirements.Onecolorisprintedoneafteranotheronthesamepaper,fromthefirsttwocolorstothelaterfiveandsevencolors.Bythe1720s,woodblockwatermarkingplateswereinvented,andtheirprintswereexquisitelycarved,beautifulincolor,moderatelyshallowanddeep,andfreshandbeautiful.
Movabletypedevelopedtothe14thcentury.TheGermanGutenbergsummeduptheexperienceofthepredecessorsandtheresultsofprintingtechnologyatthattime,anddevelopedthelead,antimony,andtinalloymovabletype,whichgreatlyreducedthecostandqualityoftextprinting.Andthespeedhasbeengreatlyimproved,andhasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothehistoryofworldprinting.
GutenbergwasthefirstEuropeantousemovabletypeprinting.Historicalrecordsabouthimareunknown.ItisstilluncertainwhetherhedevelopedmovabletypeusingthemovabletypetechnologyoftheEasterncountriesortheresultofhisindependentresearch.ItshouldbesaidthatGutenberg’smostimportantcontributionisnotintheuseofmovabletypeprintingbutinthedevelopmentofmovabletypecastingtechnology.Gutenbergwasnotthefirsttousemetalmovabletypeprinting.Atthebeginningofthe11thcentury,mycountryfirstinventedthemovabletypeofcement,butIndiawasnotverysatisfactory.AftertheinventionofmovabletypetechnologyinChina,itspreadtotoday’sNorthKoreaearlier,inthemiddleofthe13thcentury.TheNorthKoreansusedbronzetocastmovabletype.Aboutahundredyearslater,Gutenbergdevelopedaleadalloymovabletypeprocess,whichiseasiertocastandhasamoresophisticatedprintingeffect.However,leadisrecognizedasametalwithhightoxicity.Itisheatedandcooled.Harmfulgasesareproducedintheslab,whichisharmfultothehumanbody.
In1845,theBritishmadeaphotosensitiveliquidcomposedofdichromateandglue,therebyrealizingtheproductionofcopper-zincplatesbyphotographicmethods.Thisisanotherimportantdevelopmentinthehistoryofprinting.TheresultisDuetotheintroductionofphotographicimagesintoprinting,theabilityofhumanstoreplicaterealityhastakenabigstepforward,especiallyfortherecordingofhistoricaldata.
Theearlyprintingwasdoneonamanuallyoperatedwoodenprintingmachine.Gutenberg’stimewasofthistype.Atthattime,200pagesofprintedmatteroftenrequiredawholedayofbusywork
p>Inthemiddleofthe17thcentury,inthesameday'sworkinghours,2,000pagesofprintedmattercouldbeprinted,whichincreasedtheefficiencyby10times.Today,Heidelberg'sSpeedMasterseriesoffsetprintingpressescanprintmorethan10,000single-sheetprintsperhour.Ifcalculatedindays,theefficiencyhasincreasedbyatleastahundredtimes.
AfterWorldWarII,electroniccomputersIthasbroughtarevolutionarychangetoprepresstechnology;texttypesettinghasdevelopedfrommanualphototypesettingmachinestofullyautomaticlaserscanningtypephototypesettingmachines,makingtexttypesettingleapfromtheleadandfireagetotheelectricityandlightage.Inthe1970s,theelectroniccolorseparationmachinewasinventedandusedtomakeimageprocessingfasterandhigherquality.
Inthe1990s,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputerhardwareandsoftwareintheprofessionalfield,incountriesandregionswheretheprintingindustrytechnologyisdeveloped,theworkflowofcommercialprintinggraduallyrealizedmoreperfectdigitalization.Especiallyinthefieldofprepress,theappearanceofthecolordesktoppublishingsystem(DTP)hasbroughtanotherrevolutiontothecontemporaryprintingindustry.Underthecontrolofthecomputer,scanning,digitalcameras,directplatemaking,digitalproofing,digitalprintingpressesandotherequipmenthaverealizeddigitaljointoperation
Theprintingindustryhasenteredthe21stcentury,andthepopularityandrapidgrowthofinternationalinterconnectionnetworks,Whichmakestherealizationofthecross-internationalprintingbusinessareality.Printing,whichwasonceanancientterm,willbeatechnicalfieldthatneedscontinuouslong-termlearningtoeffectivelycontrolforeveryrelevantpractitionertoday.
Cartonprintinginstructions
Differentprintingmethodsusedifferentprintingplatesanddifferentprintingequipment,whichwillalsoaffecttheunitpriceofcartons.Whentheorderquantityissmall,thepricewillbeaffected.Theimpactisgreater.
Thecommonlyusedprintingmethodsforcartonsincluderubberplategeneralprinting,resinplatefineprinting,post-offsetmountingandpre-printing.
Obecný gumotisk
Vhodné pro tiskový povrch s jednoduchým tiskovým povrchem a požadavky na nízkou přesnost tisku.
Resinplateprinting
Resinplateprintingissuitableforprintingsurfacesthatrequireclearpatternsontheprintingsurfaceandsmalltolerancesforchromaticerrors.Theproportionofthisprintingmethodisalsoincreasing.
Offsetprinting
Suitablefortheprintingsurfacewhentheprintingsurfaceisexquisiteandfullofcolors.Thisprintingmethodhasshownadownwardtrendduetoenvironmentalprotection,lowproductionefficiency,mostcartonfactoriesdonothaveoffsetprintingpresses,andtheneedtooutsourcecolorprocessing.
Předtisk
Vhodné pro objednávky s vysokými požadavky na tisk a velké série. Vzhledem k vybavení (výrobní linka z lepenky), velkému počtu výrobců (300 000) a dalším důvodům pro tuto metodu tisku existuje pouze hrstka domácích prefabrikátů na kartony.
Theuseofdifferentprintingmethodswillresultindifferentpurchasepricesforcartons.
Theproductioncostoftherubberplateislow.Generally,thecartonfactorynolongerchargesseparately.Whentheresinplateisusedforprinting,generally,thepriceofthecartonfactorydoesnotincludetheproductioncostoftheresinplate.
Theproductioncostoftheresinplateneedstobecalculatedseparately.Accordingtothequalityoftheresinplateonthemarket,thepriceisabout0.1-0.2yuan/cm².Whentheproductionquantityissmall(forexample,lessthan10,000cartons),thecartonfactorymaychargeresinplateproductioncosts(ofcourse,itmayalsobewaivedbecausetheresinplateareaissmallandthecostissmall).Whentheorderquantityislarge(orthesamespecification)Thecumulativenumberofcartonsproducedisverylarge,suchasmorethan100,000),thecartonfactorymaynolongerchargethecostoftheresinversion,orreturnitwhentheorderquantityreachesacertainamountaftertheearlycollection.
Woodblockwatermark
Woodblockwatermarkisatraditionalprintingmethodcreatedandinventedbytheworkingpeopleofourcountry.Woodblockwatermarkwasdevelopedbyinheritingthetraditionalprintingtechnologyofthemotherlandandhasahistoryofmorethanathousandyears.Itcanusericepaperandsilk-screenprintingtomakeallkindsoffinereproductions.TheChinesepaintingreproductionsmadebywoodblockwatermarkingmethodcanalmostreachtherealstate,soitisfamousallovertheworld.
Fourprintingmethods
Letterpressprinting
Therearemanytexts,fewphotosandpictures,manyopportunitiesfortextchanges,andthenumberofprintsisnotlarge—hundredsLetterpressprintingissuitableforprintsbetweenthousands.Thenumberoftimesoftypeprintingshouldnotexceed30,000,andthenumberoffinepicturesshouldnotexceed7,000to80,000.Printedpicturesmustusepinkpapertogetperfectdots.Therefore,youcan'tusecheappapertoprintpicturesandhopetoachieveexquisiteresults.Whenusingtheletterpressflat-lineversionoftheform,thejointsofthelinesareeasilyseparatedanddisconnected,whichisacommonshortcoming.Inaddition,iftheprintingpressureistoolargeorthesurfaceofthepressurecylinderistoosoftduringprinting,thebackoftheprintedsheetofthefinishedproductwillhaveembossedprotrusions,whichwillgreatlyreducethequalityoftheprintedproduct.
Offsetprinting
Thebiggestdifferencebetweenoffsetprintingandletterpressprintingisthatletterpressprintingscreenimagesmustbemadeofpaperwithasmoothsurface.Offsetprintingdoesnothavethisneed.Aslongasthepaperisnottoorough.Theprintingscreeneffectissofterthantheletterpress,anditiseasytoprintrounddots.Resinplateornylonplateisanotherprintingplatethatcanwithstandabrasionbetterthantheabove-mentionedseveraltypesofplates.Thenumberofprintscanreachonemillion,whichcanbesaidtobethelongestlifeoftheprintingplate.However,themethodofusingthistypeofprintingplateisslightlydifferentfromtheordinaryoffsetprintingmethod,thatis,itdoesnotrequireawettingsystem,soitisnamed"dryoffsetprinting."Generallyspeaking,themorepicturesintheprintedmatter,thelargerthepicturearea,andthemoresuitableoffsetprintingistouseletterpressprinting.Asmentionedabove,theeffectofprintingpicturesbyoffsetprintingisbetterthanletterpressprinting,sogeneralcolorprintingandfour-colorprintinguseoffsetprintinginsteadofletterpressprinting.
Gravureprinting
Gravureprintingissuitableforprintinghigh-qualityandexpensivepublications.Whetheritisfour-colororblackandwhitepictures,gravureprintingcanbehighlysimilartophotographicphotos.Becausetheplate-makingfeeisexpensiveandtheprintingvolumemustbelarge,itistheleastusedoneofthefivetypesofprintinginHongKong.
Hedvábný sítotisk
Vzhledem k tomu, že sítotiskink je velmi silný, je nejvhodnější pro tisk se speciálními efekty. Množství není velké a barva inkoustu musí být tlustá je zvláště vhodná. Lze jej tisknout na trojrozměrné, např. čtvercové krabice, krabice, kulaté lahve látky, rychloúchyty, dlahy, plastové desky, plechy, sklo atd. Běžně se používá k tisku vlajek, T -košile, krabičky Watson, lahve soda, desky s plošnými spoji atd. Výše uvedené různé tiskové funkce nejsou dostupné u jiných metod tisku.