Introduction
Scienceastheresearchobjectofscience,mainlyreferstonaturalscience,andbroadlyspeaking,itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience.Theemergenceofscienceofscienceoriginatedfromthesocialresearchofnaturalscience,andthedevelopmentofscienceofsciencemanifestedinthedevelopmentofresearchontherelationshipbetweennaturalscienceandsociety.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehaveproposedexpandingscienceastheobjectofscientificstudiestoincludeallsciencestophilosophy,andsomehavestartedresearchessuchassocialsciencesandphilosophy,butsofar,mostpeoplethinkthatscienceThesubjectofresearchisbasedonnaturalsciences.
Naturalscienceastheresearchobjectofscienceisabroadnaturalscience.Itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience,butalsoinvolvestechnicalandengineeringissuesthatarecloselyrelatedtonaturalscience.
Infact,thestudyofscienceofscienceisnotlimitedtoscienceandtechnologyitself,butincludesthefollowingthreemainaspects:oneisabouttheresearchofscienceandtechnology,andtheotherisaboutthetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalresearchresultstoactualproductivity.Thestudyoftransformation,thethirdisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomyandsociety.Theintegrationofthesethreeaspectsisthescientificandtechnologicalundertakingsinsociety.Therefore,tobemoreprecise,sciencecanbeunderstoodasasciencethattakestheentirescientificandtechnologicalundertakingastheobject,studiestheobjectivelawsofmovementofscienceandtechnologyitselfandtherelationshipbetweenscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety,andstudieshowtomakeuseofsuchobjectivelaws.Thescienceofapplyingprinciples,principlesandmethodstopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety.
Subjectcontent
Theresearchobjectandpurposeofscienceofsciencestipulatetwoaspectsofthemaincontentofscienceofscience:ontheonehand,thecontentofknowledgeaboutthecauseofscienceandtechnology,ontheotherhand,Howtousetheapplicationcontentofthisknowledge.Thecontentofknowledgeincludesthenature,characteristics,classification,systemstructure,socialfunction,developmentlaw,futuretrend,etc.ofscienceandtechnology.Theyaregeneralizationsandsummariesofthecognitionofobjectiveobjects,havetheformofsystemtheory,andconstitutethebasictheoryofscience,sothispartofitcanbecalledtheoreticalscience.Theapplicationcontentincludestheprinciples,principlesandmethodsofformulatingscienceandtechnologydevelopmentstrategies,plans,policies,andtheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyundertheguidanceofbasictheories,etc.Theyaretheuseoflawsandtheories,sothisbigPartofitcanbecalledAppliedScience.Usingthetheoreticalfoundationsandapplicationprinciplesprovidedbythesetwoaspects,itispossibletofurthercarryoutresearchondevelopmentaltopicsandguidethesolutionofvariousspecificproblemsinscientificandtechnologicalundertakings.
Sincethecontentoftheoreticalscienceandappliedscienceeachincludemanydifferentaspects,thein-depthandexpandedresearchandresearchresultsofthesedifferentaspectshaveformedmanyrelatedsciencesThesub-disciplineoflearning.Thebranchdisciplinesoftheoreticalsciencenowincludescientificsystems,scientificcompetence,scientificsociology,scientificeconomics,scientificlogic,scientometrics,scientificmethodology,scientificpsychology,scientificethics,scientificaesthetics,andsoon.Thesub-disciplinesofappliedsciencesincludesciencestrategy,scienceplanning,sciencepolicy,sciencesystemscience,sciencemanagementscience,sciencetalentscience,scienceeducationandsoon.However,theboundariesbetweentheoreticalscienceandappliedsciencearerelativeinmanyplaces,especiallybetweenbranchesofdisciplines,whichoftenoverlaporoverlaptovaryingdegrees.
Relatedinformation
Fromtheresearchcontentofscience,wecanunderstandtheimportanceofresearchingscience.Scienceofsciencecanhelppeopleincreasetheirawarenessandattentiontothesocialroleofscienceandtechnology;itcanprovideatheoreticalbasisforthecountrytoformulateroutes,strategies,andpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;itcanpromotetherationalizationandefficiencyoftheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnology;itcanhelpScienceandtechnologyresearchersexpandthebreadthofknowledge,advancethedepthofthinking,andimproveinnovationcapabilities,andsoon.Whenitcomestothekeypositionofscienceandtechnologyinmodernization,themeaningofscienceiseasiertounderstand.
Theresearchobject,purposeandcontentofthescienceofsciencejointlydeterminethenatureofthescienceofscience.Althoughtheresearchobjectofscienceofscienceisscienceandtechnology,itdoesnotstudyspecificspecializedscienceandtechnology,butregardsscienceandtechnologyasasocialphenomenonandsocialdepartmentalsystemandstudiesitfromasocialperspective.Therefore,thedisciplinarynatureofscienceisnotnaturalscience,butsocialscienceservingthedevelopmentofnaturalscience.However,asasocialscience,sciencehasitsparticularity;itnotonlyintersectswithnaturalsciences,butalsointersectswithvarioussocialsciences,andevenintersectswithmathematicsandevencertainengineeringtechniques.Therefore,althoughscienceofscienceisbasicallyasocialscience,itisalsoakindofcross-science.Itisacharacteristicofsoftscience,anditsdifferentbrancheshavedifferentemphasesandintersections.
Některá vědecká díla byla přeložena a představena v našich zemích již od 40. let 20. století. Bernardovu „Sociální funkci vědy“, přeloženou ZhangZimei, publikoval komerční Pressspod názvem „Věda a socialismus“ v roce 1919 v průzkumu naší země. sporadicky.V roce 1977 publikoval slavný vědec z mé země QianXuesen zvláštní výzvu k rozvoji vědeckého výzkumu.Od té doby vstoupila věda do nové etapy energického rozvoje v mé zemi. 1981, 1983 a 1985. V roce 1979 národní" ScienceLiaisonGroup" byla založena. V roce 1983 byla oznámena "Čínská asociace pro výzkum vědy a technologie". Vědecký profesor nebo Qian Sanqiang byl vybrán jako předseda představenstva. publikoval „ScienceResearch“ a „Science TranslationSeries“, oboje, které jsou publikací agentury Národní akademie věd. Nyní je po celé zemi 20 vědeckých časopisů. O „ScienceCourse“ (1983), editoval JianiZiipu andWangXingcheng a"ScienceFoundation?Trest?983"editovali XiaYulong,LiuJi,FengZhijun,ZhangNianchun,atd.,"Science"(1985)editovali GuanXipuandTangBuhua,and"Úvod do vědy"Science)84Capability
Althoughscienceofscienceisanewsubject,However,itsdevelopmentathomeandabroadisveryrapid,soithasitshistoricalbackgroundandpracticalreasons.Fromthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,sciencebegantowalkinfrontoftechnologyandproduction.Sincethe20thcentury,sciencehasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Obviouslyithasbecomethemainsourceofadvancedproductivity,thekeytothecountry’smodernization,thepillarofnationalstrength,andthefocusofinternationalcompetition.Theinfluenceofscienceisincreasingsignificantly,butatthesametimecertainnegativeeffectsofsciencehavebeendiscovered.InthiswayUnderthecircumstances,asBernardsaid,scienceneeds"self-awareness",itneedstostudyitsdevelopmentstrategy,anditneedstoenablesciencetobetterbenefitmankind.Therefore,itisnecessarytocorrectlyunderstandthestructureofscienceitself,understanditsrelationshipwithsocietyandThelawofitsmovement,thecorrectformulationofroutes,strategiesandpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheeffectiveorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyhavebecomeprominentissuesfacingeachcountry.ThisisthebasisfortherapiddevelopmentofscienceandThereasonwhyscienceofsciencehasgreatpracticalsignificance.