Basicconcepts
Variousapplicationsoftware,althoughthecompletedtasksaredifferent,theyallneedsomecommonbasicoperations,suchasobtainingdatafrominputdevicesandsendingdatatooutputdevices.Senddata,writedatatoexternalstorage,readdatafromexternalstorage,routinemanagementofdata,etc.Thesebasictasksarealsocompletedbyaseriesofinstructions.Peoplegrouptheseinstructionstogethertoformspecialsoftwaretosupporttheoperationofapplicationsoftware.Thiskindofsoftwareiscalledsystemsoftware.Generallyspeaking,thesystemsoftwareincludestheoperatingsystemandaseriesofbasictools(suchascompiler,databasemanagement,memoryformatting,filesystemmanagement,userauthentication,drivemanagement,networkconnectionandothertools),whichsupportscomputersystemsThepartofthesoftwarethatrunsnormallyandimplementsuseroperations.
Thesystemsoftwareisgenerallycarriedwiththecomputersystemwhenpurchasingit,oritcanbeinstalledseparatelyasneeded.
Funkce
Hlavní funkce systémového softwaru jsou:
*Vykazuje silnou interakci s hardwarem
*CanshareresourcesCarryingoutschedulingmanagement
*Itcansolvethecoordinationproblemsexistinginconcurrentoperationprocessing
*Thedatastructureiscomplex,andtheexternalinterfaceisdiversified,whichisconvenientforuserstouserepeatedly
Maincategories
Whilethesystemsoftwareprovidestheabove-mentionedbasicfunctionsfortheapplicationsoftware,italsomanagesthehardware,sothatdifferentapplicationsoftwarerunningsimultaneouslyorsuccessivelyonacomputercanusethehardwareequipmentinanorderlymanner..Forexample,twoapplicationsoftwaremuststoreandmodifydatatotheharddisk.Ifthereisnocoordinationandmanagementorganizationtodelineatetheareaforthem,itwillinevitablyleadtomutualdestructionofeachother'sdata.
Software reprezentativního systému zahrnuje:
Operační systém
Operační systém spravuje hardwarové vybavení počítače tak, aby aplikační software mohl toto zařízení používat pohodlně a efektivně.. Běžné mikropočítače jsou: DOS, WINDOWS, UNIX, OS/2 atd.
Themostimportantandbasicthingincomputersoftwareistheoperatingsystem(OS).Itisthelowestlevelsoftware,whichcontrolsalltheprogramsrunningonthecomputerandmanagestheresourcesoftheentirecomputer.Itisthebridgebetweenthebaremetalofthecomputerandtheapplicationsandusers.Withoutit,userscannotusecertainsoftwareorprograms.
Operační systém (5 fotografií)
Theoperatingsystemisthecontrolandmanagementcenterofthecomputersystem.Fromtheperspectiveofresources,ithasaprocessor,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,andfilemanagement.4functions.
ThecommonlyusedsystemsincludeDOSoperatingsystem,WINDOWSoperatingsystem,UNIXoperatingsystem,Linux,Netwareandotheroperatingsystems.
Languageprocessingprogram
CompiledsoftwareCPUexecuteseachinstructionandonlycompletesaverysimpleoperation.Asystemsoftwareorapplicationsoftwarecancostthousandsorevenhundredsofmillions.Acombinationofinstructions.Writingsoftwaredirectlywithbasicinstructionsisanextremelyarduousanddifficulttask.
Computerscanonlydirectlyrecognizeandexecutemachinelanguage.Therefore,torunhigh-levellanguageprogramsonthecomputer,itmustbeequippedwithaprogramlanguagetranslationprogram.Thetranslationprogramitselfisasetofprograms,anddifferenthigh-levellanguageshavecorrespondingtranslations.program.
Programy pro zpracování jazyka, jako je sestavení jazykového sestavení, kompilátor jazyka, linker atd.
Inordertoimproveefficiency,peoplestipulateanewsetofinstructions,calledhigh-levellanguages,inwhicheachinstructioncompletesanoperation.Thisoperationissimpleandbasiccomparedtotheoverallfunctionofthesoftware.ComparedwiththeCPUoperation,itismorecomplicated.Usingthishigh-levellanguagetowriteprograms(calledsourceprograms)islikebuildingahousewithprefabricatedboardsinsteadofbricks,whichismuchmoreefficient.However,theCPUcannotdirectlyexecutethesenewinstructions.Itisnecessarytowriteasoftwarethatisspecificallyusedtotranslateeachinstructioninthesourceprogramintoaseriesofbasicinstructions(alsocalledmachinelanguage)thattheCPUcanaccept,sothatthesourceprogramcanbeconvertedintoacomputer.Theprogramthatrunson.Thesoftwarethatcompletesthistranslationiscalledhigh-levellanguagecompilationsoftware,andtheyareusuallyclassifiedassystemsoftware.Atpresent,thecommonlyusedhigh-levellanguagesincludeVB,C++,JAVA,etc.,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristicsandissuitableforwritingacertaintypeofprogram.Theyallhavetheirowncompilersoftware.
DatabaseManagement
Thedatabasemanagementsystemstoreslargeamountsofdatainanorganizedanddynamicmanner,sothatpeoplecanusethesedataconvenientlyandefficiently.
Databasemanagementsystemisalarge-scalesoftwarethatmanipulatesandmanagesdatabases,andisusedtoestablish,useandmaintaindatabases.
Foxpro, Access, Oracle, Sybase, DB2 a Informix jsou databázové systémy.
Pomocné programy
Programy pro pomocné zpracování systému se nazývají „nástroje pro vývoj softwaru“, „podpora softwaru“, „softwarové nástroje“, zejména programy pro úpravy, ladění, vybavení a program Connect a ladicí program.