Domov Technika systémový software

systémový software



Basicconcepts

Variousapplicationsoftware,althoughthecompletedtasksaredifferent,theyallneedsomecommonbasicoperations,suchasobtainingdatafrominputdevicesandsendingdatatooutputdevices.Senddata,writedatatoexternalstorage,readdatafromexternalstorage,routinemanagementofdata,etc.Thesebasictasksarealsocompletedbyaseriesofinstructions.Peoplegrouptheseinstructionstogethertoformspecialsoftwaretosupporttheoperationofapplicationsoftware.Thiskindofsoftwareiscalledsystemsoftware.Generallyspeaking,thesystemsoftwareincludestheoperatingsystemandaseriesofbasictools(suchascompiler,databasemanagement,memoryformatting,filesystemmanagement,userauthentication,drivemanagement,networkconnectionandothertools),whichsupportscomputersystemsThepartofthesoftwarethatrunsnormallyandimplementsuseroperations.

Thesystemsoftwareisgenerallycarriedwiththecomputersystemwhenpurchasingit,oritcanbeinstalledseparatelyasneeded.

Funkce

Hlavní funkce systémového softwaru jsou:

*Vykazuje silnou interakci s hardwarem

*CanshareresourcesCarryingoutschedulingmanagement

*Itcansolvethecoordinationproblemsexistinginconcurrentoperationprocessing

*Thedatastructureiscomplex,andtheexternalinterfaceisdiversified,whichisconvenientforuserstouserepeatedly

Maincategories

Whilethesystemsoftwareprovidestheabove-mentionedbasicfunctionsfortheapplicationsoftware,italsomanagesthehardware,sothatdifferentapplicationsoftwarerunningsimultaneouslyorsuccessivelyonacomputercanusethehardwareequipmentinanorderlymanner..Forexample,twoapplicationsoftwaremuststoreandmodifydatatotheharddisk.Ifthereisnocoordinationandmanagementorganizationtodelineatetheareaforthem,itwillinevitablyleadtomutualdestructionofeachother'sdata.

Software reprezentativního systému zahrnuje:

Operační systém

Operační systém spravuje hardwarové vybavení počítače tak, aby aplikační software mohl toto zařízení používat pohodlně a efektivně.. Běžné mikropočítače jsou: DOS, WINDOWS, UNIX, OS/2 atd.

Themostimportantandbasicthingincomputersoftwareistheoperatingsystem(OS).Itisthelowestlevelsoftware,whichcontrolsalltheprogramsrunningonthecomputerandmanagestheresourcesoftheentirecomputer.Itisthebridgebetweenthebaremetalofthecomputerandtheapplicationsandusers.Withoutit,userscannotusecertainsoftwareorprograms.

Operační systém (5 fotografií)

Theoperatingsystemisthecontrolandmanagementcenterofthecomputersystem.Fromtheperspectiveofresources,ithasaprocessor,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,andfilemanagement.4functions.

ThecommonlyusedsystemsincludeDOSoperatingsystem,WINDOWSoperatingsystem,UNIXoperatingsystem,Linux,Netwareandotheroperatingsystems.

Languageprocessingprogram

CompiledsoftwareCPUexecuteseachinstructionandonlycompletesaverysimpleoperation.Asystemsoftwareorapplicationsoftwarecancostthousandsorevenhundredsofmillions.Acombinationofinstructions.Writingsoftwaredirectlywithbasicinstructionsisanextremelyarduousanddifficulttask.

Computerscanonlydirectlyrecognizeandexecutemachinelanguage.Therefore,torunhigh-levellanguageprogramsonthecomputer,itmustbeequippedwithaprogramlanguagetranslationprogram.Thetranslationprogramitselfisasetofprograms,anddifferenthigh-levellanguages​​havecorrespondingtranslations.program.

Programy pro zpracování jazyka, jako je sestavení jazykového sestavení, kompilátor jazyka, linker atd.

Inordertoimproveefficiency,peoplestipulateanewsetofinstructions,calledhigh-levellanguages,inwhicheachinstructioncompletesanoperation.Thisoperationissimpleandbasiccomparedtotheoverallfunctionofthesoftware.ComparedwiththeCPUoperation,itismorecomplicated.Usingthishigh-levellanguagetowriteprograms(calledsourceprograms)islikebuildingahousewithprefabricatedboardsinsteadofbricks,whichismuchmoreefficient.However,theCPUcannotdirectlyexecutethesenewinstructions.Itisnecessarytowriteasoftwarethatisspecificallyusedtotranslateeachinstructioninthesourceprogramintoaseriesofbasicinstructions(alsocalledmachinelanguage)thattheCPUcanaccept,sothatthesourceprogramcanbeconvertedintoacomputer.Theprogramthatrunson.Thesoftwarethatcompletesthistranslationiscalledhigh-levellanguagecompilationsoftware,andtheyareusuallyclassifiedassystemsoftware.Atpresent,thecommonlyusedhigh-levellanguages​​includeVB,C++,JAVA,etc.,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristicsandissuitableforwritingacertaintypeofprogram.Theyallhavetheirowncompilersoftware.

DatabaseManagement

Thedatabasemanagementsystemstoreslargeamountsofdatainanorganizedanddynamicmanner,sothatpeoplecanusethesedataconvenientlyandefficiently.

Databasemanagementsystemisalarge-scalesoftwarethatmanipulatesandmanagesdatabases,andisusedtoestablish,useandmaintaindatabases.

Foxpro, Access, Oracle, Sybase, DB2 a Informix jsou databázové systémy.

Pomocné programy

Programy pro pomocné zpracování systému se nazývají „nástroje pro vývoj softwaru“, „podpora softwaru“, „softwarové nástroje“, zejména programy pro úpravy, ladění, vybavení a program Connect a ladicí program.

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