Tracingthesource
ThecompilationoftheTripitakabeganshortlyafterSakyamuni’sNirvana.Inordertopreservehispreachingandunifytheviewsandunderstandingofthebelievers,thedisciplesgatheredthroughmeetingstoformUnanimouslyrecognizedcontentofclassics,laws,andtheory.Later,"externalTibetanclassics"suchasnotesandexplanationsonsutras,laws,andessayswereadded,whichbecamefourmajorcategoriesofvolumes.AfterthesplitofprimitiveBuddhism,mostofthemajorsectscompiledtheirownTibetanscripturesaccordingtotheirownviews,butonlytheTripitakaofTheravadawasrelativelyintact.TheclassicsofothersectswerebasicallypreservedintheChinesetranslation,exceptforapartoftheChinesetranslation.Dispersedandlost.OnlyafewscatteredBayeuxorpapermanuscriptsoftheearlySanskritscripturesstillexist,anditisdifficulttoseeallthethreeZangs.
Theterm"DazangSutra"wasnotrecordedinancientIndiaorintheearliestperiodofourcountry.IntheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesofourcountry,itwasonlycalled"allclassics"and"allsutras"untilaftertheSuiandTangDynasties.Atthebeginning,therewasthetitleof"Tri-ZangJing",whichatthattimemainlyreferredtoalltheclassicscompiledbytheimperialorder(bytheimperialcourt).ThefirstBuddhistTripitakainmycountrywasthe"KaibaoTripitaka",whichwasinscribedinthefourthyearoftheNorthernSongDynasty,andisabbreviatedas"KaibaoTripitaka".BecausethisengravededitionwasengravedinYizhou,itwascommonlycalledthe"Shuedition";becauseitwasengravedbythecourt,itwasalsocalledthe"NorthernSongDynastyofficialedition."ItistheancestoroftheChinesecarvededitionofTripitakainthepast,andithasaprofoundinfluenceonthetripodTripitakaJinzangandKoryoZanginmycountrysincetheNorthernSongDynasty.UndertheinfluenceoftheChineseTripitaka,theTibetan,Mongolian,andManchuversionsoftheTripitakawerepublished.
Content
ThecontentofTripitakaincludessutras,laws,andessays."Sutra"means"classic".ItisacompilationoftheteachingsandwordsspokenbytheBuddhathroughouthislife.ItisthebasicbasisofBuddhistteachings.TheDepartmentofEconomics."Law"isapreceptandritualsystemformulatedbytheBuddha,whichcancuretheevilofsentientbeingsandregulatethemindandnatureofsentientbeings.TherulesformulatedbyBuddhaShakyamuniforthelifeoftheBuddhistsectbelongtothecategoryoflaw."On"istheexplanationofthedoctrinesorimportantthoughtsinBuddhistscripturessuchassutrasandlaws.InBuddhism,itisgenerallyconsideredtobedonebybodhisattvasorvarioussectsoftheorists.
Verze
Stávající Tripitaka lze rozdělit do sedmi systémů, včetně čínštiny, tibetštiny, mongolštiny, mandžuštiny, xixie, japonštiny a palijazyků. Kromě toho došlo k vyřezání chitanského tripitaka.
TripitakainChinese
TripitakainChinese:isacollectionofBuddhistclassics.FormorethanathousandyearsafterBuddhismwasintroducedtothemainlandofChina,therewerenearly50typesofsutrasalone,andmorethan20typeshavebeenpasseddownsofar,andthenumberofsutrasincludedvaries.TheformandcontentoftheTripitakacompiledindifferenterasaredifferentfromeachother.ExceptfortheFangshanStoneScriptures,thebooksbeforetheSongDynastywerebasicallyscroll-boundscripts.ThefirstwoodcutversionoftheTripitakainChinesebeganinthefourthyearoftheopeningoftheBaobaointheNorthernSongDynasty(971).IntheeighthyearofTaizong'sTaipingrejuvenation(983),allwerecarvedandshippedtoBianjing.SinceitwasfirstengravedatthetimeofKaibaointheNorthernSongDynasty,itwascalled"Kaibaozang"bylatergenerations."KaiBaoZang"istheancestralversionoftheSongDynastyMingandZhejiangprivatecarvings,Liao,Jincarvings,andvariouseditionsofDaZangcarvedbyGaoli.ThecompilationoftheTripitakainlatergenerationsiscloselyrelatedtoit.Therefore,"KaiBaoZang"iscalledtheancestoroftheTripitakainChinese.Itisworthmentioningthatsincethe"KaiBaoJing",theChinesefirstcreatedacatalogsystemintheorderof"thousand-characteressays".Sincethen,thecatalogingofseverallarge-scalebooksinmycountryhasbeenused.Sincethen,Tibetanscriptureengravinghasgraduallyemerged.IntheSongDynasty,therewere:LiaoversionofKhitan,goldversionofgold,Fuzhouversionof"WanshouZang"and"VairoZang",Huzhouversion(Zheversion)of"YuanjueZang","ZifuZang"and"MoshaZang"Wait.IntheYuanDynasty,accordingtotheSongversionoftheTibetanscriptures,thereweretwotypes:"PuningCang"and"HongfaCang".However,attheendofYuanDynasty,theworldwasinchaos,andtheTibetanscriptureswereburnedout.DuringtheHongwureignofEmperorMingTaizu,hegatheredhismaster'svirtuesinJiangshan,clickedtheTibetanscriptures,andpublishedandengravedSouthernTibet.InadditiontoSouthernTibet,therearealsoNorthernTibet,ShurangamaTempleEdition,andBaoenTempleEdition.Fromthe13thyearofEmperorEmperorYongzhengoftheQingDynastytothethirdyearofEmperorEmperorEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1735—1738),theNorthernTibetwasusedasthebase,anewbookwasadded,andtheDragonTibetanwaspublished.Inaddition,thereare"Pinjiazang"and"BaiNicang",andthe"ChineseTripitaka"wascompiledandprintedin1956,andthe"FoguangTripitaka"waspublishedoneafteranotherin1983.Atotalof20typesofwoodcutandtypographicalTripitakahavebeenpublished(21typesinonedescription).
AsBuddhismspreadfromChinatoNorthKoreaandJapan,theKoreanandJapanesedynastiesbothcopied,engraved,ortypesetaccordingtotheChineseTripitaka.Thefirsteditionof"KaiBaoZang"wasintroducedtoJapaninthefirstyearofSongYongxi(984),anditwaspassedtoKoreainDuanGong(988-989).InthefirstyearofQianxing(1022)andthesixthyearofYuanfeng(1083),therevisedversionofTianxiandXiningweretransferredtoKhitanandGaolirespectively.Inthe9thyearofLiaoqingandNing(1063),theKhitanalsosentthenewlyengraved"KhitanTibetan"printtoGoli.
TibetanTripitaka
TibetanTripitaka:Morethan700copieshavebeentranslatedintheearly9thcentury,someofwhichweretranslatedfromChinese.ThesutrasofSutraandSupremacyYogaforsupplementarytranslationinthelaterperiodaremany.ThewholeTibetisdividedintothreecategories:Ganjur,DanjurandSongzhang;Ganjur,alsoknownasZhengzang,containsthreeparts:law,sutra,andsecretmantra;Danjurisalsocalledcontinuation,andincludespraise,sutraandmantra.Explainthethreeparts;looseandtensemeansmiscellaneouscollection,includingrelatedworksofTibetanandMongolianBuddhists.FromthesecondyearofEmperorQingDynasty(1313)tothe22ndyearoftheRepublicofChina(1933),11differentversionsofTibetanTripitakawerecarvedinvariousplaces.Inaddition,therearetwokindsofPrakabencarvedinBhutanandKulunbencarvedinUlaanbaatar,thePeople'sRepublicofMongolia.
MongolskýTripitaka
MongolskýTripitaka:Bylo čtyřikrát přeloženo a vyryto.Pod záštitou JiapaiLama Faguang,Tibetský,Mongolský,Uighurský aTisk Hanmonk přeložen do tibetštiny,Tibetska,Tita; vytvořeno během období Wana dynastie Ming (1573-1620)Do publikace byli přidáni klasici;Chongzhen (1628-1644) publikoval starou edici v prvních letech.Ve 22. roce císaře Kangxi z dynastie Qing 1683), rytina Ganjuera byla dokončena pod dohledem prince Fuquano z Heshuoyu; korektura a překlad Danjueru byly dokončeny v šestém až čtrnáctém roce Qianlong (1741-1749).
ManchuTripitaka
ManchuTripitaka:Bylo to přeloženo podle čínského Tripitaka ve 38. roce Qianlong v dynastii Qing (1773). Sestaveno a vyryto v padesátém pátém roce typu Qianlong, na 10808 letech císaře Qianlong ,Baoji,Daji,Huayan,Nirvana adalšíDaandHinajedné překladyatajnémantrasby byly zahrnuty.
XixiaTripitaka
XixiaTripitaka:ItwasoriginallytranslatedfromChineseTripitaka.InthefirstyearofSongJingyou(1034),"OpeningtheTreasure"waspassedtoXixia(probablytheTianxirevisionof"OpeningtheTreasure").TheXixiascriptofcreation.Ittook53yearstocompletethetranslation,atotalof362pieces,812volumes,and3579volumes.IntheseventhyearofYuanShizutoYuanDynasty(1270),XixiaSengandhisentouragepresidedoverthere-editingandtranslationofuntranslatedscriptures,andprintedtheNewTripitaka.Inthe30thyearofYuanDynasty(1276),Shizu’sedictinstructedthemastermonk’sXibisoilsentimenttobeknowntoShamenhuizhong.Morethan20peoplewereresponsibleforsendingtheoldscripturesinXixiatoHangzhouforengraving.BythesixthyearofDade(1302),theconstructionwascompletedandprintedbeforeandafter.Therearemorethan140Tibetans,butmostofthemaredamaged.ThereareonlydozensoffragmentsofScripturefoundinvariousplaces.
TheTripitakainJapanese
TheTripitakainJapanese:InadditiontotheaforementionededitionsoftheChineseTripitakainJapan,sincethesixthyearofTaisho(1917),theTheworkoftranslatingChineseBuddhistscripturesintoJapanesehassofarincludedthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbytheNationalLibraryPublishingAssociation,the"ShowaNewCompilationNationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyOrientalAcademy,andthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyDadongPublishingHouse..Inaddition,itwastranslatedinto"TheTripitakaoftheSouthernTripitaka"basedonthePalisystemofTripitaka.
TripitakainPaliLanguage
TripitakainPaliLanguage:jeTripitakaofTheravadajihobuddhismu.Obíhá na Srí Lance,Myanmaru,Thajsku,Kambodži,Laosu a v oblasti Dauniananďana,Chainština různá písmena. Kromě sinhálštiny, barmštiny, thajštiny, khmerštiny a laoštiny ,Dai má čtyři různé dialektové verze. V moderní době byly přidány tři verze, včetně devanagarského sanskrtu, latinky a japonského překladu.