Osobní profil
První osobní zkušenost
VannevarBush(1890.3.11~1974.6.26),Bush'slifeandMassachusetts(také odkazující na MassachusettsandMassachusettsInstitue ofMassatsinbonetwats. USA v březnu 1890. Poté, co přispěl svým životem k vědě a vzdělání, BushdiedinBelmont Massachusetts v červnu 1974.
In1913,VanNevawgraduatedfromTuftsUniversitywithabachelor'sandmaster'sdegree.Inhismaster'sthesis,heproposedadevicecalledProfileTracer,whichissimilartoalawnmowerandconsistsoftwowheelsandapen,whichcandrawthepathtakeninrealtime.
In1917,VannevardobtainedajointPh.D.fromMITandHarvardUniversityandbegantoworkatTuftsUniversityandjoinedtheAmericanRadioandResearchCooperation(AMRAD,AmericanRadioandResearchCooperation)Institute.ThenwiththeoutbreakofWorldWarI,hejoinedtheNationalResearchCounciloftheUnitedStatesandinventedthewoodenpredecessorofthetestsubmarine.
In1919,VanNevaleftTuftsUniversitytojoinMIT.Atthattime,heservedasthevicepresidentofMITandthedeanoftheMITSchoolofElectronicInformation.Beginningin1930,Bush,whowasaprofessorofelectronicengineeringatMIT,andaresearchteambegantodesigna"differentialanalysismachine"thatcouldsolvedifferentialequations,creatingtheworld'sfirstanalogelectroniccomputer.ThispioneeringworkclearedthewayforthebirthofdigitalcomputersafterWorldWarII.Intheearly1940s,asPresidentRoosevelt’sscientificadviser,VanNevaBushorganizedandledthefamous"ManhattanProject"thatproducedthefirstatomicbomb.Sincethen,hehasparticipatedinmanymajorscientificandtechnologicalprojectsfromtheinventionofthehydrogenbomb,theflighttothemoon,andthe"StarWarsProject."ScientificresearchinstitutionssuchastheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)andAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)approvedbytheUSgovernmentbasedonBush’ssuggestionsandideashaveensuredtheUnitedStates’long-termleadershipincutting-edgetechnology.
Otec SiliconValley
V oblasti informačního průmyslu má VanNevaBush vynikající příspěvky. Zrození dvou dobře známých high-tech průmyslových parků ve Spojených státech-Kalifornie's "SiliconValley" a"High-TechRoseCordenCorride 2Bush's" erick Terman, známý jako „otec SiliconValley“, získal titul Ph.D. na MIT.Bush nebyl někdo jiný. Thebirthof Hewlett-Packardin1939 byl vítězem pro Terman a vítězstvím pro Bushe. Od té doby jméno VanNeva Bushe vytvořilo nerozpustné pouto se SiliconValley.
HonorsandAchievements
Projekt Manhattan
VannevarBush:slavný organizátor a vedoucí projektuManhattanProject.V roce 1945 VannevarBush publikoval artikl s názvem „Jak si můžeme myslet“, v červencovém vydání EX, které se na konci roku 2016 přečetl ymají dnešní hypertextové koncepty a hyperpropojení.
MEMEX: Stroj popsaný v knize „Jak si myslíme“ od Vannevar Bushe, citované níže.
Futurecomputerswilluseelectricity.Theywillbeahundredtimesfasterthantoday'smachinesorevenmore.Therepetitivethinkingprocessisnotlimitedtocalculationsandstatistics.Infact,commercialaffairsandtheever-expandingmarketarewaitingfortheadventofmass-producedcomputers,someofwhichwillbeabletomeetthemostdemandingrequirementsofcurrentcivilization.
Considerthedeviceforpersonaluseinthefuture.Itwillbeamechanizedpersonallibrary.Itneedsanametoattractpeople’sattention:"MEMEX"isfine.MEMEXissuchamechanizeddevicethatpeoplecanuseinItstoresbooks,recordsandletters,andcanberetrievedatahighspeedandgreatflexibility.Asanauxiliarydevice,itistheinfiniteexpansionofthehumanbrain.
MEMEXhasaslantedtranslucentscreenonwhichdatacanbeprojectedforreading,aswellasakeyboard,aseriesofbuttonsandhandles.
Oneendofitisthestoragematerial,andthevolumeproblemissolvedverywellduetotheimprovedmicrofilm.
MostofthecontentsofMEMEXaredirectlypurchasedandcanbeinserteddirectly.
Allkindsofbooks,pictures,periodicals,newspaperscanbeobtainedinthiswayandinsertedforreading,andbusinesslettersarealsoavailable,andthereisalsoadirectinputdevice.
Kurzor
"Kurzor"
Ofcourse,therearealsorecordsforconsultation,whichcomefromdailyindexingwork.Iftheuserwantstofindinformationfromabook,heonlyneedstotapthecodeofthebookonthekeyboard,andthecoverofthebookwillbeprojectedontothebrowserinfrontofhimimmediately.Inaddition,hehasanadditional"cursor"thatcanbeused.Dragthecursortotheright,andthebookwillbeprojectedpagebypageinfrontofhim,ataspeedthatallowspeopletobrowseeachpageclearly.Pullittotherightagain,andthebrowsingspeedcanbecome10pagesatatime,andthenitwillbe100pagesatatime.Thereisalsoakeythatallowstheusertogodirectlytothefirstpageoftheindex.
Track
"Track"
Ifthereisamoredirectmethodforsearching,itwillbemuchmoreconvenienttoindexthecontacts.ThisisMEMEXBasicconcept:Parallelretrievaloftwoconditionsisanimportantrequirement.Whenausercreatesatrack,hemustspecifyaname,insertitintohiscodebook,andcallituponthekeyboard.
Tímto způsobem, kdykoli je zobrazena jedna z těchto položek, lze související položku vyvolat.
Completelynewencyclopediaswillalsoappear,withinterconnected"trajectories"runningthroughthem.Patentattorneyscaneasilyfindthousandsofissuedpatents,surgeonscanrefertoanatomybooks,andhistorianscanalsohavealargenumberofpersonalchronology.
Therewillbeanewprofession,thatis"trajectorymaker",theywillconstructuseful"trajectory"fromalargeamountofordinarymaterialsandfeelhappyfromit.Thelegacyofthemasterswillnotonlybewhathepersonallycontributedtothetreasurehouseoftheworld'sknowledge,butwillbecometheoverallknowledgeframeworksharedbymankind.Atthistime,peoplewillbeabletomake,store,andretrieveallhumanrecordsthroughthem.
Impact
Itisattractivetoimaginemorespectaculartoolsinthefuture,anditwillbeboringtostudymethodsandcomponentsthatarecurrentlyknownorthataredevelopingrapidly.Predictionisverydifficult,butifyoumakeapredictionbasedonthecurrentsituation,youcantellthepossibilitymorethanjustaprediction.Itcanalsobeasuggestion,becauseapredictionbasedonanexistingsituationismoreeffective,notbasedonTheunknownpredictionisjustaguess.
Funguje
"AsWeThink"
AsWeMayThink
July1945AsWeMayThink,publishedinTheAtlanticMonthly,Issue176,Volume1,hasbeenrecognizedbytheinformationindustryasaclassicofinformationscience.Bushputforwardthe"Memex"concept,whichhasaprofoundimpactonlatergenerations.Memex,designedtohelphumansthinkandmanageinformation,isadatabasesystemthatstoresandretrievesalargeamountofinformationthroughelectroniccomputers;thishumanbrain-likemachinecanretrieveinformationaccordingtotheneedsofusers,andfocusesonusersandsystemsTheinteractionbetween.Thesystemhelpsacademicresearcherstocollect,combine,analyzeandapplyvariousdatabyestablishingconnectionpaths,searching,processing,andintegratingtechnologies.Inaddition,Memex'sdesignhasthecharacteristicsofreducingstoragespace,increasingretrievalspeed,andexpandingmemory.Thisconceptlaysthefoundationforthefuturedevelopmentofpersonalcomputers,informationretrieval,hypertext,hypermedia,onlinepubliccatalogs,globalnetworks,anddigitallibraries.
Ostatní práce
Principy elektrotechniky
Publishedin1922,whenhetaughtattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringtextbook.
Analýza provozních okruhů
Publikováno v roce 1929.
Science, EndlessFrontier
isBush’s1945reporttoPresidentRoosevelt.Ittalkedabouttherelationshipbetweenscienceandgovernment,diseaseduringthewar,andtherelationshipbetweenscienceandpublicwelfare,suchasnationalsecurity,people’swork,basicresearch,andscientificresearchforcultivatingyoungAmericans.Bushalsoemphasizedthatthegovernmentshouldcontinueforthesecondtime.Duringthewar,heconductedresearchonmedicineandrelatedsciences,andassistedpublicandprivateorganizationsinscientificresearch.ThisbookpromptedtheUSgovernmenttoestablishtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)in1950.
EndlessHorizons
Vydáno v roce 1946. Tato kniha je sbírkou esejů na témata, jako je věda, Memex, vojenství, veřejný zájem a válka.
Modern Armsand FreeMen: Zdůraznění role vědy v zachování demokracie
Publishedin1949.ThisbookdiscussestheroleofscienceindemocraticpoliticsandcallsonAmericandemocraticpoliticsandscientificresearchnottobeaffectedbychangesintheworldsituation.ThisbookbecameabestsellerandhadagreatinfluenceonAmericanpoliticsandmilitarypolicyatthattime.
SciencePauses
Publishedin1964.Thisbookemphasizesthatscienceandtechnologyassisthumansindesigningvariousmachineryandequipmenttoimprovetheirlives,andexpoundstherelationshipbetweenphilosophyandscience.
Věda nestačí:Úvahy o přítomnosti a budoucnosti
Sbírka esejů vydaných v roce 1969.
PiecesofAction
Vydáno v roce 1970. Tato kniha shromažďuje Bushovy články, poznámky a záznamy o životě a myšlenky publikované v průběhu let a je Bushovou autobiografií.