Domov Technika Van Neva Bush

Van Neva Bush



Osobní profil

První osobní zkušenost

VannevarBush(1890.3.11~1974.6.26),Bush'slifeandMassachusetts(také odkazující na MassachusettsandMassachusettsInstitue ofMassatsinbonetwats. USA v březnu 1890. Poté, co přispěl svým životem k vědě a vzdělání, BushdiedinBelmont Massachusetts v červnu 1974.

In1913,VanNevawgraduatedfromTuftsUniversitywithabachelor'sandmaster'sdegree.Inhismaster'sthesis,heproposedadevicecalledProfileTracer,whichissimilartoalawnmowerandconsistsoftwowheelsandapen,whichcandrawthepathtakeninrealtime.

In1917,VannevardobtainedajointPh.D.fromMITandHarvardUniversityandbegantoworkatTuftsUniversityandjoinedtheAmericanRadioandResearchCooperation(AMRAD,AmericanRadioandResearchCooperation)Institute.ThenwiththeoutbreakofWorldWarI,hejoinedtheNationalResearchCounciloftheUnitedStatesandinventedthewoodenpredecessorofthetestsubmarine.

In1919,VanNevaleftTuftsUniversitytojoinMIT.Atthattime,heservedasthevicepresidentofMITandthedeanoftheMITSchoolofElectronicInformation.Beginningin1930,Bush,whowasaprofessorofelectronicengineeringatMIT,andaresearchteambegantodesigna"differentialanalysismachine"thatcouldsolvedifferentialequations,creatingtheworld'sfirstanalogelectroniccomputer.ThispioneeringworkclearedthewayforthebirthofdigitalcomputersafterWorldWarII.Intheearly1940s,asPresidentRoosevelt’sscientificadviser,VanNevaBushorganizedandledthefamous"ManhattanProject"thatproducedthefirstatomicbomb.Sincethen,hehasparticipatedinmanymajorscientificandtechnologicalprojectsfromtheinventionofthehydrogenbomb,theflighttothemoon,andthe"StarWarsProject."ScientificresearchinstitutionssuchastheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)andAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)approvedbytheUSgovernmentbasedonBush’ssuggestionsandideashaveensuredtheUnitedStates’long-termleadershipincutting-edgetechnology.

Otec SiliconValley

V oblasti informačního průmyslu má VanNevaBush vynikající příspěvky. Zrození dvou dobře známých high-tech průmyslových parků ve Spojených státech-Kalifornie's "SiliconValley" a"High-TechRoseCordenCorride 2Bush's" erick Terman, známý jako „otec SiliconValley“, získal titul Ph.D. na MIT.Bush nebyl někdo jiný. Thebirthof Hewlett-Packardin1939 byl vítězem pro Terman a vítězstvím pro Bushe. Od té doby jméno VanNeva Bushe vytvořilo nerozpustné pouto se SiliconValley.

HonorsandAchievements

Projekt Manhattan

VannevarBush:slavný organizátor a vedoucí projektuManhattanProject.V roce 1945 VannevarBush publikoval artikl s názvem „Jak si můžeme myslet“, v červencovém vydání EX, které se na konci roku 2016 přečetl ymají dnešní hypertextové koncepty a hyperpropojení.

MEMEX: Stroj popsaný v knize „Jak si myslíme“ od Vannevar Bushe, citované níže.

Futurecomputerswilluseelectricity.Theywillbeahundredtimesfasterthantoday'smachinesorevenmore.Therepetitivethinkingprocessisnotlimitedtocalculationsandstatistics.Infact,commercialaffairsandtheever-expandingmarketarewaitingfortheadventofmass-producedcomputers,someofwhichwillbeabletomeetthemostdemandingrequirementsofcurrentcivilization.

Considerthedeviceforpersonaluseinthefuture.Itwillbeamechanizedpersonallibrary.Itneedsanametoattractpeople’sattention:"MEMEX"isfine.MEMEXissuchamechanizeddevicethatpeoplecanuseinItstoresbooks,recordsandletters,andcanberetrievedatahighspeedandgreatflexibility.Asanauxiliarydevice,itistheinfiniteexpansionofthehumanbrain.

MEMEXhasaslantedtranslucentscreenonwhichdatacanbeprojectedforreading,aswellasakeyboard,aseriesofbuttonsandhandles.

Oneendofitisthestoragematerial,andthevolumeproblemissolvedverywellduetotheimprovedmicrofilm.

MostofthecontentsofMEMEXaredirectlypurchasedandcanbeinserteddirectly.

Allkindsofbooks,pictures,periodicals,newspaperscanbeobtainedinthiswayandinsertedforreading,andbusinesslettersarealsoavailable,andthereisalsoadirectinputdevice.

Kurzor

"Kurzor"

Ofcourse,therearealsorecordsforconsultation,whichcomefromdailyindexingwork.Iftheuserwantstofindinformationfromabook,heonlyneedstotapthecodeofthebookonthekeyboard,andthecoverofthebookwillbeprojectedontothebrowserinfrontofhimimmediately.Inaddition,hehasanadditional"cursor"thatcanbeused.Dragthecursortotheright,andthebookwillbeprojectedpagebypageinfrontofhim,ataspeedthatallowspeopletobrowseeachpageclearly.Pullittotherightagain,andthebrowsingspeedcanbecome10pagesatatime,andthenitwillbe100pagesatatime.Thereisalsoakeythatallowstheusertogodirectlytothefirstpageoftheindex.

Track

"Track"

Ifthereisamoredirectmethodforsearching,itwillbemuchmoreconvenienttoindexthecontacts.ThisisMEMEXBasicconcept:Parallelretrievaloftwoconditionsisanimportantrequirement.Whenausercreatesatrack,hemustspecifyaname,insertitintohiscodebook,andcallituponthekeyboard.

Tímto způsobem, kdykoli je zobrazena jedna z těchto položek, lze související položku vyvolat.

Completelynewencyclopediaswillalsoappear,withinterconnected"trajectories"runningthroughthem.Patentattorneyscaneasilyfindthousandsofissuedpatents,surgeonscanrefertoanatomybooks,andhistorianscanalsohavealargenumberofpersonalchronology.

Therewillbeanewprofession,thatis"trajectorymaker",theywillconstructuseful"trajectory"fromalargeamountofordinarymaterialsandfeelhappyfromit.Thelegacyofthemasterswillnotonlybewhathepersonallycontributedtothetreasurehouseoftheworld'sknowledge,butwillbecometheoverallknowledgeframeworksharedbymankind.Atthistime,peoplewillbeabletomake,store,andretrieveallhumanrecordsthroughthem.

Impact

Itisattractivetoimaginemorespectaculartoolsinthefuture,anditwillbeboringtostudymethodsandcomponentsthatarecurrentlyknownorthataredevelopingrapidly.Predictionisverydifficult,butifyoumakeapredictionbasedonthecurrentsituation,youcantellthepossibilitymorethanjustaprediction.Itcanalsobeasuggestion,becauseapredictionbasedonanexistingsituationismoreeffective,notbasedonTheunknownpredictionisjustaguess.

Funguje

"AsWeThink"

AsWeMayThink

July1945AsWeMayThink,publishedinTheAtlanticMonthly,Issue176,Volume1,hasbeenrecognizedbytheinformationindustryasaclassicofinformationscience.Bushputforwardthe"Memex"concept,whichhasaprofoundimpactonlatergenerations.Memex,designedtohelphumansthinkandmanageinformation,isadatabasesystemthatstoresandretrievesalargeamountofinformationthroughelectroniccomputers;thishumanbrain-likemachinecanretrieveinformationaccordingtotheneedsofusers,andfocusesonusersandsystemsTheinteractionbetween.Thesystemhelpsacademicresearcherstocollect,combine,analyzeandapplyvariousdatabyestablishingconnectionpaths,searching,processing,andintegratingtechnologies.Inaddition,Memex'sdesignhasthecharacteristicsofreducingstoragespace,increasingretrievalspeed,andexpandingmemory.Thisconceptlaysthefoundationforthefuturedevelopmentofpersonalcomputers,informationretrieval,hypertext,hypermedia,onlinepubliccatalogs,globalnetworks,anddigitallibraries.

Ostatní práce

Principy elektrotechniky

Publishedin1922,whenhetaughtattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringtextbook.

Analýza provozních okruhů

Publikováno v roce 1929.

Science, EndlessFrontier

isBush’s1945reporttoPresidentRoosevelt.Ittalkedabouttherelationshipbetweenscienceandgovernment,diseaseduringthewar,andtherelationshipbetweenscienceandpublicwelfare,suchasnationalsecurity,people’swork,basicresearch,andscientificresearchforcultivatingyoungAmericans.Bushalsoemphasizedthatthegovernmentshouldcontinueforthesecondtime.Duringthewar,heconductedresearchonmedicineandrelatedsciences,andassistedpublicandprivateorganizationsinscientificresearch.ThisbookpromptedtheUSgovernmenttoestablishtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)in1950.

EndlessHorizons

Vydáno v roce 1946. Tato kniha je sbírkou esejů na témata, jako je věda, Memex, vojenství, veřejný zájem a válka.

Modern Armsand FreeMen: Zdůraznění role vědy v zachování demokracie

Publishedin1949.ThisbookdiscussestheroleofscienceindemocraticpoliticsandcallsonAmericandemocraticpoliticsandscientificresearchnottobeaffectedbychangesintheworldsituation.ThisbookbecameabestsellerandhadagreatinfluenceonAmericanpoliticsandmilitarypolicyatthattime.

SciencePauses

Publishedin1964.Thisbookemphasizesthatscienceandtechnologyassisthumansindesigningvariousmachineryandequipmenttoimprovetheirlives,andexpoundstherelationshipbetweenphilosophyandscience.

Věda nestačí:Úvahy o přítomnosti a budoucnosti

Sbírka esejů vydaných v roce 1969.

PiecesofAction

Vydáno v roce 1970. Tato kniha shromažďuje Bushovy články, poznámky a záznamy o životě a myšlenky publikované v průběhu let a je Bushovou autobiografií.

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