Overview
Gas turbine is a gas turbine generating power, driving a locomotive of the wheel through the transmission. The gas turboile car comes with energy and is one of the internal combustion locomotive, born in the 1930s.
Gas turbine can be divided into two categories of open gas turbine and duplege gas turbine in accordance with the gas turbine type used. The high pressure of the former gas turbine, high temperature gas is generated by its impeller pressurizing machine and combustion chamber; the latter gas is generated by a piston gas generator.
The gas generator of the duple gas turbine has a free piston and connecting rod piston, so the gas turbine is divided into free piston gas turbine and connecting rod piston gas turbine cars.
Structure and Specific
Gas turbine vehicle gas turbine as an engine, using inexpensive heavy oil or pulverized as a fuel. The strange thing is that the gasoline engine is first used in the car, and the gas turbine is used in the air, and it will return to the ground after "dominate" in the air.
Gas turbine cars consisted of most of the three parts of the compressor, combustion chamber and gas turbine.
The working principle of the gas turbine is such, the air enters the compressor, after being compressed to 4 to 5 atmospheric pressure, enter the heater heating, then into the combustion chamber, at the same time Also sprayed into the combustion chamber, burning there, expansion, becomes a high temperature and high pressure gas stream, which is introduced into the gas turbine, impacts the turbine blades, so that it rotates, drives the generator or drive the liquid torque, and then drive Rock wheel.
The gas turbine has a simple structure, light weight, small size, so the power of unit weight is very large, usually more than 8,000 horsepower, and its speed is quite fast, can run 150 km / h. Although it is "coarse grains" - heavy oil or pulverization, the digestive absorption capacity is not bad, and the thermal efficiency reaches 16%, which is more than 2 times more of the steam locomotive.
There is also a characteristic of gas turbine, "寒", which runs at low temperatures and increases thermal efficiency and increases power. For example, at the temperature of 15 ° C at the temperature of 3,000 horsepower, while the temperature drops to 5 ° C, the power can reach 4000 horsepower. At the same time, it uses water very little, adding water to maintain a long time, so it is especially suitable for desert, cold, plateau, arid and other regions, and also is suitable for running on the railway lines that are busy with the transportation volume.
The advantages of gas turbines
North American electric transmission passenger internal combustion locomotive is based on freight locomotive, because the wear of the route is large, should not run at high speed. The use of gas turbine can reduce the fatigue damage of the line by 50%, and according to the gas turbine supplier Turbomeca, the gas turbine has the following advantages: light weight, power / weight ratio; small dimensions; on existing lines, speed, standard The FRA6 line can be improved to 200km / h; the total number of locomotives and the reduction of axis; the force is reduced by about 25% of the traditional diesel locomotive.
Gas turbine can ideally burning a variety of deposit fuel including LNG, VNG and kerosene. In contrast, when a traditional diesel engine is natural gas, since it is not possible to embrace the ignition, a small amount of 2 diesel must be added or ignited with other means.
Of course, using gas turbine on high speed channels will involve significant changes in traditional locomotive understanding, there will be a change from freight to passenger transport, which is not only designed to operate and repair Two aspects.
For different high speed channels, different gas turbine groups should be configured. Improve only a universal locomotive to adapt to all channels, it is impossible, and the local system should be properly configured to have the minimum cost and most Best use of equipment is the target.
Gas turbine is high in full load conditions, the efficiency value is close to diesel engine, and some load efficiencies is not as former, and the electrical communication gas turbine unit speed response is worse than the diesel engine, and the unit weight is much more.
Further, variableity is also one of its advantages, and components can be used in auxiliary system, and the gas wheel / power dual-mode locomotive can also be used as another alternative option. To give full play to the capacity and efficiency of gas turbines, the two-engine may be an ideal solution. When the stop is stopped, only one engine is running, and when the full power is running, the other engine starts. In the two power steering frames, one is mechanically driven and the other is electrically driven. Compared with the single-machine high-horsepower electrical transfer diesel engine, two gas turbines will be greatly reduced. Using the boom-driven traction motor and the shaft driven power steering frame, almost instantaneously deliver the maximum power, and has a good outfit, which may be a very attractive electrical communication gas turbine solution. As for the traction motor, the Turbomeca manufacturing plant has not yet been judged by the communication or DC motor, and the two programs are considered. They believe that the high-speed passenger car truly needs to be a large quality improvement in the exchange program.
Foreign gas turbine
For new gas turbine cars for New York
in May 1994, Amtrak conducted a 1976 vintage turbine passenger train. Reconstruction, using Turbomeca's TM-1600makila T new gas wheel engine and diagnostic digital control system and a new internal decoration. It is planned to experiment with a 200km speed at the Amtrak "Empire Corri Dor" in the Albany interval, and will further make a domestic trial operation.
Amtrak running RTLS is suitable for showing the latest module gas turbine technology of Turbomeca, Rohr architecture and vehicle body structure, and the steering frame of the ANF design have confirmed the reliability and stability of its high speed operation. . The steering frame of the universal axis, the vehicle body, and the suspension method are also a testing design. There are still 50 groups of EMUs in France to continue to run. Amtrak's RTL is actually designed than a value higher than the running speed.
According to the AMTRAK program, an important improvement made to RTLS is the latest electronic engine control technology. Many problems are protected from the engine itself, and the unreliability of existing engine control based on the relay is related to the unreliability of the existing engine control, and the improved RTLS will be based on the FADEC (full digital engine control) of aviation technology, using the microcomputer controlled Decu ( Digital engine control unit).
The fuel system will also be transformed. RTLS uses a complex double fuel system in the existing arrangement, high-grade and expensive diesel for starting, No. 2 diesel, using After the new MAKILA engine, the double fuel system can be canceled. The new engine can effectively combimalize the above two fuels and jet engine fuel, kerosene, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), and the like, said Turbomeca said MakiLa is a combustion turbine capable of combustion any fuel.
For Canada's light and steady gas turbine
Canadian passenger Railway Company (VIA) has experienced gas turbine's use of gas turbine, it has also run a joint aviation turbine in Canada in 190s. Uneited Aircraft Turbotrain. VIA is working on a renovation plan similar to Amtrak. Two groups of LRC diesel trains were replaced with a gas wheel generator set, and the engine control system was updated, redesigned, including the power steering frame of the rack-based traction motor. TEXTRON LYCOMING, Allison and GE have bidding this power unit. Bombardier, AMF and Republic Locomotive are competing to all locomotive modifications.
of the Department of Engineering and Development of VIA, Len Williams, director of the Department of Engineering, pointed out: "We are transforming a train group that is already in terms of acceleration and reliability, but also exhibited high orbit force due to heavy weight. All problems should be solved, and the 3 000KW locomotive at the point in turn is reduced to about 105T. If it is feasible, we will transform 20 train groups. "
weight problem directly affects the track tolerance, due to heavy duty Diesel engine, the locomotive speed is limited to 160km / h. The way to improve the speed can only be a lightweight high-speed diesel engine or a gas turbine. For the railway industry, it is not easy to develop high-speed diesel engine technology, and then the maintenance cost is too high, so it is not the policy. Then the gas turbine is the only optional option in the existing non-electrical method, which can be installed in very small space.
Lrcs Run in the Quebec, Quebec, a Montreal, a Toronto, a Toronto, a Wen Solor Corridor. In the past three years, the AMF plant has been fully transformed from the AMF plant, and the VLA cooperates with Bombardier, which is upgraded to the active hydraulic tilt pendulum system of the vehicle. The gas turbine power and the improved tilting flap system are used, and after a slight improvement of the infrastructure, it is expected to be reduced from the current corridor for 15 min.
Gas turbine technology requires a specialized maintenance team, and has a high process level, and cannot work in the ordinary workshop. For considerations in reliability, the older railway employees in the general VIA are difficult to accept gas wheel engines, especially at the beginning. However, once it attaches importance, the reliability of the gas turbine will be higher than any other type. However, fuel consumption is also a problem, which fuel consumption will be high. But today, a gas turbine is immediately successful today. For higher fuel consumption, there will be ideological preparations, and then consider other advantages, including reducing travel time, etc., will still be costly.
can initially use the air engine supplied to the railway, using the existing railway process technology to train new design, draw on the use of gas turbines in non-aviation, develop railways such as auxiliary power or boat power, etc. Gas turbine technology.