Statement
Thisentryhasbeenorganizedwithreferencetotheadministrativeareaentryeditingguidelines;ifyouhavesuggestionsorwanttoparticipateinthecompilation,youarewelcometocommunicatewiththeGeographyGroupofBaike.
Historicalevolution
Pre-QinDynasty
HongKong(13photos)
About129,000yearsago,earlyancients(Mabapeople)appearedintheLingnanregion.Inthepre-Qinperiod,Lingnan(includingHongKong)wasthelandofBaiyue.Itwascalled"Baiyue"in"LuShichunqiu","NanYue"in"HistoricalRecords",and"NanYue"in"HanShu".Accordingtoofficialhistoricalrecords,Lingnanwasthe“landofthesouthernbarbarians”,anditbegantobeintegratedintocivilizationwhentheQinarmywentsouth.However,inrecentyears,thearchaeologicalcommunityhasfoundthatthisviewisa“historicalmisunderstanding.”AlargenumberofunearthedculturalrelicsshowthattheLingnanareawasThesplendidNeolithicandBronzeAgecivilizationshaveexistedbefore,andtheyarealsooneofthebirthplacesofChinesecivilization.QinandHanDynasties
In222BC,aftertheKingofQinreunifiedtheSix"TheKingofBaiyue"sentTuSuitoleada500,000QinarmytoattackLingnan;in214BC,theQinarmybasicallyoccupiedLingnan.Immediately,QinShihuangsetupthethreecountiesof"Guilin,Xiang,andNanhai"intheLingnanareathathehadcaptured.IncorporatingHongKongintoitsterritoryisunderthejurisdictionofPanyuCounty.Fromthenon,HongKongwasplacedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentandclearlybecametheterritoryoftheCentralPlainsdynastyatthattime(theCentralPlainsinanarrowsensereferstotheareaofHenantoday.TheCentralPlainsinabroadsensereferstothemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiver).FromthistimeuntiltheQingDynasty,AstheCentralPlainscivilizationspreadtothesouth,theHongKongregiongraduallydeveloped.
DuringtheHanDynasty,HongKongbelongedtoBoluoCounty,NanhaiCounty.
TwoJinDynasties
HongKongbelongstoDongguanCountyinthesixthyearofEasternJinXianhe(AD331)BaoanCounty.Inthe6thyearofEmperorChengdiXianheintheEasternJinDynasty,theeasternpartofNanhaiCountywasdemarcated,andanotherDongguanCountywasestablished,underthejurisdictionofsixcountiesincludingBao'an,Xingning,andHaifeng.ThejurisdictionofBao'anCountyincludestoday'sHongKongarea,ShenzhenCityandDongguanCity.Thecountyseatistoday'sShenzhenNantouCity.
SuiandTangDynasties
TheSuiDynastyalsoabolishedDongguanCountyandmergeditsjurisdictionintoGuangzhouMansionNanhaiCountyandBao'anCountywerealsosubordinatedtoNanhaiCounty,andHongKongwasstillunderthemanagementofBao'anCounty.
InthesecondyearoftheTangDynastytoGermany(757AD),Bao'anCountywaschangedtoDongguanCounty,andHongKongwasstillunderDongguanCounty.
SongandYuanDynasties
DuringtheSongandYuandynasties,alargenumberofpeoplefromtheMainlandmovedtoHongKong,promptingHongKongTheeconomyandcultureofChinahavebeengreatlydeveloped.DuringtheYuanDynasty,ChinabelongedtoJiangxiProvince.DuringtheYuanDynasty,inTuenMuninthesouthwestofHongKong,andinTuenMunintheouterportofGuangzhou,apatroldepartmentwassetuptogarrisontroopstopreventpiratesfrominvadingandguardtheGuangzhouarea.
MingandQingdynasties
DuringtheWanliperiodoftheMingDynasty,someplacesweresetasidefromDongguanCountytoestablishXin'anCounty,forthelaterHongKongarea.Sincethen,HongKongIslandhasbeenunderthejurisdictionofXin'anCounty,GuangzhouPrefecturefromthefirstyearofMingShenzongWanli(AD1573)untilthe21styearofQingXuanzongDaoguang(AD1841).
TheQingDynastysenttroopstotheNewTerritoriesin1662andorderedthevillagerstostaybehind.DuringtheQingDynasty,HongKonghadalwaysplayedanimportantroleinforeigntrade,becauseHongKongwasgeographicallydependentonGuangzhou,andGuangzhouwastheonlycommercialportopenedtotheoutsideworldintheQingDynasty.
Intheearlyyears,theBritishtookafancytoHongKong’sVictoriaHarbourashavingthepotentialtobecomeagoodportinEastAsia.UntilthedefeatoftheQingDynastyinthelate19thcentury,theterritorywascededandleasedtotheUnitedKingdominbatches.
OnJanuary26,1841,aftertheFirstOpiumWar,theBritishoccupiedHongKongIsland.Afterwards,theQinggovernmenttriedtoregainitbyforce.EmperorDaoguangissuedanumberofdecreeforthis,buttheQingDynastycouldnotDefendterritorialintegrity.
OnAugust29,1842,theQinggovernmentandtheUnitedKingdomsignedtheunequal"NanjingTreaty"(formerlyknownasthe"JiangningTreaty"),cedingHongKongIslandtotheUnitedKingdom.
OnOctober24,1860,ChinaandBritainsignedtheunequal"BeijingTreaty",cedingtheareasouthofBoundaryStreetontheKowloonPeninsulatoBritain.
OnJune9,1898,theBritishforcedtheQinggovernmenttosignthe"ExhibitionandExtensionoftheHongKongBoundarySite"(commonlyknownasthe"NewTerritoriesLease"),andforciblyleasedthelandtothenorthofBoundaryStreetontheKowloonPeninsulaandsouthoftheShenzhenRiver.Regions,andmorethan200largeandsmallislands,theleasetermis99years(untilJune30,1997).Throughthethreetreaties,Britainoccupiedatotalof1092squarekilometersofChineseterritoryincludingHongKongIsland,KowloonandtheNewTerritories,whichistheareaoftheentireHongKongarea.
RepublicofChina
December25,1941(HongKongpeoplecallit"BlackChristmasDuringtheSecondWorldWar,theJapanesearmyinvadedHongKong,andtheBritishtroopsstationedinHongKongwereunabletoresist.ThethenGovernorofHongKong,YangMuqi,hadnochoicebuttosurrender.HongKongwasoccupiedbyJapan,andthe"Japaneseoccupationperiod"beganforthreeyearsandeightmonths.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWar,theCommunistPartyofChinaledthepeopletoestablishaSouthChinaguerrillaandwageanationalrevolutionarywar.
OnSeptember15,1945,afterJapanwasdefeatedinthewar,JapansignedaletterofsurrenderinHongKongandwithdrewfromHongKong.HongKongwasre-administeredbytheBritish.
AfterWorldWarII,HongKong’seconomyandsocietydevelopedrapidly,becomingtheworld’sthirdlargestfinancialcenterafterNewYorkandLondon.Notonlyhasitbecomeoneofthe"AsianFourLittleDragons",itisalsoanAsianfinancial,serviceandshippingcenter.
People’sRepublicofChina
From1982to1984,ChinaandBritainimplementedHongKongNegotiationsonfutureissues,the"JointStatementbetweentheGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandonHongKongIssues"wassignedonDecember19,1984,anditwasdecidedthatthePeople’sRepublicofChinawouldresumetheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongonJuly1,1997.Chinapromisedtoimplement"OneCountry,TwoSystems"inHongKong.
OnJuly1,1997,theChinesegovernmentresumedtheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKong,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwasestablished,andtheBasicLawcameintoeffect.HongKonghasenteredanewhistoricaleraof"onecountry,twosystems","HongKongpeoplerulingHongKong"andahighdegreeofautonomy.InSeptemberofthesameyear,theannualmeetingoftheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundwasheldinHongKong.Thisannualconferenceisthefirstlarge-scaleinternationalconferencehostedbyHongKongafteritsreturntothemotherland.ItisalsothefirsttimethattheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundhaveheldanannualconferenceinChina.
In1998,affectedbytheAsianfinancialcrisis,theHongKongstockmarketexperiencedextremevolatility.Withthefirmsupportofthecentralgovernment,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiongovernmentdecidedtofightbackagainstinternationalspeculators.TheHongKongMonetaryAuthorityinvestedhugefundsinthestockandfuturesmarketsandsuccessfullyrepelledspeculators.
Intheearlyspringof2003,theSARSepidemicbrokeoutinHongKong.TheSARgovernmentledallwalksoflifeinthecommunitytofullyinvestinthefightagainsttheepidemic,andtheepidemicthatlastedforseveralmonthswasfinallybroughtundercontrol.OnJune23,theWorldHealthOrganizationannouncedthatitwouldformallyremoveHongKongfromtheSARSepidemicarea.InJuneofthesameyear,the"MainlandandHongKongCloserEconomicPartnershipArrangement"(CEPA)wassigned,andthecentralgovernmentsubsequentlylaunchedthe"individualtravel"planformainlandresidentstoHongKong.InNovember,thePeople'sBankofChinaannouncedthatitagreedtoprovideclearingarrangementsforHongKongbanksthathandle4typesofpersonalRMBbusiness(iedeposits,exchanges,remittancesandRMBbankcards)inHongKong.
InFebruary2004,HongKongbanksofficiallylaunchedRMBbusiness.InearlyJuneofthesameyear,thefirst"Pan-PearlRiverDeltaRegionalCooperationandDevelopmentForum"washeldinHongKong,andthe"9+2"regionaleconomiccooperationof9provincesandregionsintheMainlandandHongKongandMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsofficiallydebuted.
InSeptember2005,HongKongDisneylandopenedtowelcomeguests.ThisisthefifthDisneylandintheworld.
InAugust2008,theequestrianeventoftheBeijingOlympicGameswassuccessfullyheldinHongKong.
InDecember2009,theFifthEastAsianGameswasheldinHongKong.ThisisthefirsttimeHongKonghashostedaninternationalcomprehensiveeventsinceitsreturntothemotherland.
InMarch2011,thecentralgovernmentannouncedthe"TwelfthFive-YearPlan"outline.Forthefirsttime,theHongKongandMacaosectionshavebecomeseparatechapters.TheoutlinepointsouttoconsolidateandenhanceHongKong'sstatusasaninternationalfinancial,trade,andshippingcenter,andsupportHongKongtobecomeaninternationalassetmanagementcenterandanoffshoreRMBbusinesscenter.
InFebruary2019,the"Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreaDevelopmentPlanOutline"wasofficiallyissued,clearlypointingouttheconsolidationandpromotionofHongKong'sstatusasaninternationalfinancial,shipping,tradecenterandinternationalaviationhub,andstrengtheningofglobaloffshoreRMBbusinessHubstatus,internationalassetmanagementcenterandriskmanagementcenterfunctions,promotethedevelopmentoffinance,commerce,logistics,professionalservices,etc.tohigh-endandhighvalue-addeddirections,vigorouslydevelopinnovationandtechnology,cultivateemergingindustries,andbuildinternationallegalanddisputeresolutionservicesintheAsia-PacificregionCentertobuildamorecompetitiveinternationalmetropolis.
OnMay28,2020,theThirdSessionoftheThirteenthNationalPeople'sCongresspassedthe"DecisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonEstablishingandImprovingtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion'sLegalSystemandImplementationMechanismforMaintainingNationalSecurity".
OnMarch11,2021,theFourthSessionoftheThirteenthNationalPeople'sCongresspassedthe"DecisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonImprovingtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionElectionSystem".Inthesamemonth,the"FourteenthFive-YearPlanfortheNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheOutlineofLong-TermGoalsfor2035"clearlystatedtosupportHongKong'spromotionofitsstatusasaninternationalfinancial,shipping,tradecenterandinternationalaviationhub,andtostrengthenglobaloffshoreRMBbusinessHub,internationalassetmanagementcenterandriskmanagementcenterfunctions.SupportHongKong'sconstructionofaninternationalinnovationandtechnologycenter,anAsia-Pacificinternationallegalanddisputeresolutionservicecenter,andaregionalintellectualpropertytradingcenter,supportthedevelopmentofHongKong'sserviceindustryinahigh-endandhigh-value-addeddirection,andsupportHongKong'sdevelopmentofaSino-foreignculturalandartisticexchangecenter.
Administrativedivisions
HongKongSARadministrativedivisions(5sheets)
HongKongIsland:CentralandWesternDistrict,WanChaiDistrict,EasternDistrict,SouthernDistrictKowloonPeninsula:YauTsimMongDistrict,ShamShuiPoDistrict,KowloonCityDistrict,WongTaiSinDistrict,KwunTongDistrict
NewTerritories:NorthDistrict,TaiPoDistrict,ShaTinDistrict,SaiKungDistrict,TsuenWanDistrict,TuenMunDistrict,YuenLongDistrict,KwaiTsingDistrictDistrict,IslandsDistrict
GeographicalEnvironment
Location
HongKong’sgeographiccoordinatesare114°15′eastlongitudeand22°15′northlatitude.ItislocatedinsouthernChinaandthePearlRiverTotheeastofthemouth,itfacesMacaoofChinatothewest,ShenzhenCityofGuangdongProvincetothenorth,WanshanIslandsofZhuhaiCity,GuangdongProvincetothesouth,andabout200kilometersawayfromGuangzhouCity,GuangdongProvince.TheareaincludesHongKongIsland,Kowloon,theNewTerritoriesandthesurrounding262islands.Thetotallandareais1106.66squarekilometers,ofwhichHongKongIslandis80.7squarekilometers,Kowloonis46.9squarekilometers,andtheNewTerritoriesis978.7squarekilometers.Theseaareais1648.7squarekilometers.
HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionTopography
HongKong'stopographyismainlyhilly,withthehighestpointbeingTaiMoShanatanaltitudeof958meters.HongKonghaslessflatland.About20%ofthelandislowland,mainlyinthenorthernpartoftheNewTerritories.TheyaretheYuenLongPlainandtheFanlingLowland,bothofwhicharealluvialplainsnaturallyformedbyrivers;followedbytheKowloonPeninsulaandthenorthernpartofHongKongIsland.Reclaimedlandexpandedfromtheoriginalnarrowflatland.AlthoughtheonefromHongKongistakenfromHongKongIsland,thelargestislandinHongKongisLantauIsland,whichismorethantwicethesizeofHongKongIsland.
Climate
HongKonghasamaritimesubtropicalmonsoonclimatewithfourdistinctseasons,withanaverageannualtemperatureof23.3℃.Thetemperaturemaydropbelow10°Cinwinterandrisetoabove31°Cinsummer.RainfallisconcentratedfromMaytoSeptember,accountingforabout80%oftheannualrainfall.Therainfallisabundantthroughouttheyear,theflowersarefragrantinallseasons,thespringiswarmandfoggy,thesummerishotandrainy,theautumnissunny,andthewinterisslightlydryandcold.
Inaddition,thehigh-risebuildingsintheurbanareaofHongKongareconcentratedanddenselypopulated.Themicroclimateformedispronetoheatislandeffect,whichleadstoobvioustemperaturedifferencesbetweenurbanandsuburbanareas.Theurbanareawithhigh-risebuildingsmakestheairThe"suspendedparticles"aremoredifficulttoblowaway.
Watersystem
HongKong(5photos)
HongKongisinahumidsubtropicalenvironmentwithabundantJingliuanddevelopedsurfacewatersystems.However,thescopeofthewatersystemislimited,andtherearenolargerivers.ExceptfortheShenzhenRiver,whichistheboundaryriverbetweenHongKongandShenzhen,therearemainlyShingMunRiver,WutongRiver,LincunRiver,YuenLongRiverandKamTinRiver,etc.Mostoftheriversarenomorethan5milesinlength,withflowrateandflowrateandseasonalrainfall.Closelyrelated,extremelyunstableinthemiddleoftheyear.Inthedryseason,itisdifficulttomaintainthewaterflowordryup,andtheriverbedisexposedorpartiallyexposed.Inthewetseason,itiseasytoreachthefullbankwaterlevelandflooding.TheShenzhenRiveroriginatesfromtheNiuweiRidgeofWutongMountain,flowsintoShenzhenBayfromthenortheasttothesouthwest,andflowsoutoftheLingdingOcean.Ithasatotallengthof37kilometersandadrainageareaof312.5squarekilometers,including187.5squarekilometersontheShenzhensideand125squarekilometersontheHongKongside.TheWutongRiverinHongKongisamajortributaryoftheShenzhenRiver.Naturalresources
Marineresources
HongKong(4photos)
HongKongisadjacenttothecontinentalshelf,withavastoceansurface,numerousislands,andfisheryproductionTheenvironmentisunique,andmorethan150kindsofmarinefishwithcommercialvalueareproduced,mainlyredmullet,nine-stickfish,bigeye,yellowcroaker,yellowbellyfishandsquid.MineralResources
ThemineraldepositsinHongKongcontainasmallamountofiron,aluminum,zinc,tungsten,beryl,graphite,etc.
Population
Population
HongKongisoneofthemostdenselypopulatedareasintheworld.Asoftheendof2018,HongKonghadapopulationofabout7.48million,withalandpopulationdensityof6,890peoplepersquarekilometer,andnearly80%ofthepopulationlivedintheseasidearea,whichaccountsfor15%ofthearea.Inthepast10years,thepopulationofHongKonghasgrownbyanaverageof0.8%peryear.
Attheendof2019,thetemporarypopulationofHongKongwas7,500,700,anincreaseof14,200or0.2%fromtheendof2018.
ThemajorityofHongKong’spopulationisofChinesenationality.Accordingto2017statistics,theChinesepopulationaccountedforapproximately91.4%oftheHongKongpopulation.OthernationalitiesmainlyincludethePhilippines(approximately19million,2.6%),Indonesia(approximately170,000,2.3%)andIndia(approximately33,000,0.4%).
HongKonghaspromotedfamilyplanningsincethe1950s,advocatingthateachfamilysupporttwochildren,withtheaimofreducingthehighfertilityrateatthattime.In2017,HongKong'sfertilityratewas1.19,rankingfourthfromthebottomoutof224regionsintheworld.From2007to2017,thebirthrateinHongKongdroppedfrom10.2‰to7.7‰.Ontheotherhand,theUnitedNationsPopulationFundreleasedin2018the"WorldPopulationSurveyReport"showsthattheaveragelifeexpectancyofwomeninHongKongis87years,andtheaveragelifeexpectancyofmenis81years,surpassingJapanandbecomingtheregionwiththehighestaveragelifeexpectancyintheworld.Aspeoplebornduringthepost-warbabyboombegantogrowold,thepopulationofHongKongcontinuedtoage.Since2007,themedianageoftheHongKongpopulationhasreached40yearsold,andithassteadilyincreasedatarateofatleast0.3yearsoldeveryyear.From2007to2017,themedianagerosebynearly4years.
Asoftheendof2020,thepopulationoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionis7,474,200.
GenderRatio
HongKonghasseenmorefemalesthanmalessince2000.Atthattime,themale-to-femaleratiowas967malesper1,000females.Broaden.In2017,HongKonghadamalepopulationof3.392millionandafemalepopulationof399,000,withmorethan600,000morewomenthanmen.
Economy
Overview
DevelopmentHistory
InthehistoryofHongKong’seconomicdevelopment,therehavebeentwoSub-economictransformation.Before1950,HongKong'seconomywasdominatedbyre-exporttrade.HongKongbeganindustrializationinthe1950s.By1970,industrialexportsaccountedfor81%oftotalexports,markingHongKong’stransformationfromamerere-exportporttoanindustrializedcityandthefirsteconomictransformationofHongKong.
Intheearly1970s,HongKongpursuedapolicyofeconomicdiversification,andHongKong’sfinance,realestate,trade,andtourismdevelopedrapidly.Especiallysincethe1980s,mainlandfactorshavebecomethemostimportantdrivingforceforHongKong’seconomicdevelopment.Duetoexternalfactors,mostofHongKong'smanufacturingindustryhasbeentransferredtothemainland,andvariousserviceindustrieshavedevelopedatahighspeedinanall-roundway,realizingthesecondeconomictransformationfrommanufacturingtoserviceindustries.
Economicdata
In2019,thegrossdomesticproductvaluecalculatedatmarketpriceswasHK$2.9trillion,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof1.2%.ThepercapitaGDPThevalueis382,000HongKongdollars.Thebasicinflationrateis2.9%,andpricesareinamoderategrowthtrend.Attheendof2019,thelaborforcewas3.966million,andtheunemploymentratewas3.3%.HongKong'seconomyisbasedontheserviceindustry,andtheserviceindustry'sshareofGDPhasremainedabove90%foralongtime.
TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiongovernmentisfinanciallysound.Attheendof2019,thetotalfinancialreservesoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegiontotaledHK$1,133.1billionandforeignexchangereserveassetswereUS$441.3billion.
HongKongisthefirstchoiceforglobalmultinationalcompaniestosetuptheirAsia-Pacificheadquarters.In2019,therewere1,541,2,490and5,009regionalheadquarters,regionalofficesandlocalofficesofmultinationalcompaniesinHongKong.
EconomicPolicy
HongKongisacapitalisteconomicsystemthatpursuesafreemarket.Thefocusofitseconomyisthelaissez-fairepolicyimplementedbythegovernment.TheFreeEconomicSystemReportspublishedbytheAmericanHeritageFoundationin1995andtheFraserInstituteofCanadain1996haveconsistentlyratedHongKongasthenumberoneintheworld.
HongKongimplementsasimpletaxsystemwithalowtaxrate.Personalsalariestaxisleviedindifferentproportionsafterexceedingtheallowance,uptoamaximumof17%.Thecorporateprofitstaxratewithoutconsideringspecialdeductionsis16.5%.
Economicstatus
HongKongisaninternationalfinancial,shippingandtradecenterwithadevelopedeconomy.Inthe26thGlobalFinancialCentreIndexpublishedinSeptember2019,HongKongrankedthird,secondonlytoNewYorkandLondon.InOctober2012,theWorldEconomicForumreleasedthe"2012FinancialDevelopmentReport",andHongKongtoppedthelistfortwoconsecutiveyears.Asof2019,HongKonghasbeenratedastheworld'sfreesteconomyfor25consecutiveyearsandrankedfirstintheeconomicfreedomindex.
Economicexchangeandcooperationbetweenthetwoplaces
HongKongnightview(5photos)
TheMainlandisHongKong’slargesttradingpartner,HongKongisthemostimportanttradeentrepotintheMainland.In2019,HongKongimportedHK$2,058.1billionfromthemainlandandexportedHK$2.2109billiontothemainland.Atthesametime,HongKongandtheMainlandareeachother'slargestsourcesofforeigninvestment.In2019,thetotalnon-financialinvestmentfromtheMainlandinHongKongwas63.56billionU.S.dollars,accountingfor57.5%ofthetotalexternalnon-financialinvestmentfromtheMainland.TheMainlandattracted69.7%ofthetotalforeigninvestment.Withthecontinuousintroductionofpilotpoliciessuchas"Shanghai-HongKongStockConnect","Shenzhen-HongKongStockConnect","BondConnect"andmutualrecognitionoffunds,theinterconnectionchannelsofthecapitalmarketsofthetwoplaceshavegraduallyincreasedandthemechanismhasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Atpresent,guidedbymajornationalstrategiessuchasparticipatingintheconstructionofthe“BeltandRoad”andtheconstructionoftheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,themechanismofcomplementaryandcoordinateddevelopmentbetweenHongKongandtheMainlandhasbeencontinuouslyimproved,andHongKongwillbetterintegrateintotheoveralldevelopmentofthecountry.Financialindustry
HongKongisoneoftheworld’smajorbankingcenters.Attheendof2019,therewere194bankinginstitutionsrecognizedbytheHongKongMonetaryAuthority,includinglicensedbanks,restrictedlicensedbanks,anddeposit-takingThereare164,17and13companiesrespectively,andthetotalassetsofauthorizedinstitutionsinthebankingsystemare24.5trillionHongKongdollars.TheHongKongstockmarkethasgreatinfluenceintheworld.Attheendof2019,therewere2,449listedcompanieslistedontheHongKongStockExchange(MainBoardandChiNext),withatotalstockmarketvalueof38.2trillionHongKongdollars.In2019,thetotalamountoffundsraisedinthestockmarketreached452billionHongKongdollars,ofwhichIPOfundsraised312.9billionHongKongdollars,rankingfirstintheworld.HongKongistheworld'slargestoffshoreRMBbusinesshub,financingandassetmanagementcenter.Attheendof2019,thetotalRMBdeposits(includingoutstandingcertificatesofdeposit)intheHongKongbankingsystemwere658billionyuan,andtheloanbalancewas153.7billionyuan.ThetotalRMBtradesettlementprocessedwas5.4trillionyuan.
Currency
ThecurrencyofHongKongisHongKongdollar(HK$).Therearethreenote-issuingbanksinHongKong,namelyBankofChina(HongKong),HSBCandStandardChartered.HongKongtakesmaintainingcurrencystabilityasthebasicgoalofitsmonetarypolicyandimplementsalinkedexchangeratesystem,thatis,maintaining7.8HongKongdollarsto1U.S.dollar.
Foreignexchange
HongKong’sforeignexchangemarketiswell-developed,withactivetradingandoccupiesanindispensablepositionintheglobalforeignexchangemarket.SinceHongKonghaslinkswithotherforeignexchangemarketsoverseas,HongKongcantradeforeignexchangewithotherpartsoftheworld24hoursaday.AccordingtoaglobalsurveyconductedeverythreeyearsbytheBankforInternationalSettlementsin2016,HongKong'sforeignexchangemarketturnoverrankssixthintheworld.
Gold
HongKong'sgoldmarketisthethirdlargestgoldmarketintheworld.ItsgoldexchangeiscalledtheHongKongGoldandSilverTradeFair,whichwasestablishedin1910.
Stocksandbonds
HongKongStreetView(11photos)
HongKong'ssecuritiestradingopenedinthe19thcenturyItappearedintheearlydays,butbytheestablishmentoftheHongKongBrokersAssociationin1891,HongKongbegantohaveaformalsecuritiestradingmarket.In1914,theassociationchangeditsnametotheHongKongBrokersAssociation.In1921,theHongKongStockExchangewasregisteredandestablishedasthesecondexchangeinHongKong.AftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,thetwofirmsmergedin1947tobecometheHongKongStockExchange.In2018,HongKong'sIPOmarketraisedatotalof286.5billionHongKongdollars,rankingfirstintheworld.Shanghai-HongKongStockConnect
InApril2014,PremierLiKeqiangannouncedattheBoaoForumtopilottheShanghai-HongKongstockmarketinterconnectionmechanism,whichwassubsequentlydisclosedinajointstatementbytheCentralGovernmentandtheHongKongSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission.Thepilotplanwilltake6monthstoprepare.TheHongKongStockExchangeissuedanannouncementonNovember10,2014.TheHongKongSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionandtheChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionjointlyannouncedthattheyhadapprovedthelaunchoftheShanghai-HongKongStockConnectonNovember17,2014.
Seetheentryfordetails:HongKongStockExchange,HongKongStockExchange
Tourism
TherearemanytouristattractionsinHongKong.AsofMay2014,visitHongKongThenumberoftouristsexceeded24.03million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof13.6%comparedto2013.Amongthem,thenumberofvisitorstoHongKonginMaywasapproximately4.59million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof10.8%.Inthefirstfivemonthsof2014,theMainlandremainedthelargestsourceoftouristsinHongKong,with18.43milliontouristarrivals,ayear-on-yearincreaseof17.6%,accountingfor76.7%ofthetotalnumberoftouristsvisitingHongKong.TaiwanandSouthKorearankedsecondandthird.
AsofMay2014,therewere3.45millionvisitorsfromtheMainland,ayear-on-yearincreaseof13.1%comparedto2013;160,000visitorsfromTaiwan,anincreaseof11.8%year-on-year;visitorsfromtheUnitedStatesItwas96,000passengers,ayear-on-yearincreaseof6.8%.
Inthefirsthalfof2014,HongKong’stourismprintingrevenuewasHK$11.61million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof0.8%comparedto2013;inJune,printingrevenuewasHK$2.34million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.9%.
Foreigntrade
HongKongistheworld’seighthlargesttradingeconomyandoneoftheworld’smajorexportersofready-to-wear,watches,jewelry,toys,games,electronicsandcertainlightindustrialproducts.In2019,HongKong'stotaltradeingoodswas8.4trillionHongKongdollars,ofwhichtotalgoodsexportswere4.0trillionHongKongdollarsandgoodsimportswere4.4trillionHongKongdollars.Thetotalvalueoftradeinservicesis1.4trillionHongKongdollars,ofwhichserviceexportsare0.8trillionHongKongdollarsandserviceimportsare0.6trillionHongKongdollars.
Transportation
UrbanTransportation
RailTransportation
MassTransitRailway(MTR))IsthemostimportantpublictransportintheurbanareaofHongKong.Itisdividedintonineroutes(6bytheMTRCorporationand3bytheformerKowloon-CantonRailwayCorporation),connectingHongKongIsland,Kowloon,TsuenWan,TungChung,TseungKwanO,SheungShui,MaOnShan,andtheNewTerritories.YuenLong,TuenMunandotherplaces.Startwalkingaround6ameverydayuntilmidnight,andthereisashifteveryfewminutes.ThefarerangesfromRMB4(twostations)toRMB51(LuohutoHongKongDisneyland).
Bus
Bus(bus)isoperatedbymanycompanies:NewWorldFirstBus,whichrunspartofHongKongIslandroutes;KMB,whichrunsallofKowloonandtheNewTerritories;CitybusrunspartofHongKongIslandroutes(theabovethreecompaniesallhavecross-harbourtunnelsorairportroutes);LantauIslandbusesonlyruntheisland’sonlymorethanadozenroutesandtworoutestoandfromShenzhenBayPort;LongWin,AsubsidiaryofKMB,operatesbusservicesbetweentheNewTerritoriesandtheairport.Thecityfarestartsatmorethantwoyuanpertrip.Publicsmall(type)buses(taxi)aredividedintotwotypes,greenbody(dedicatedline)andredbody,andthefareissimilartothatofbuses.
LightRail(LightRail)
ItrunsbetweenTuenMunandYuenLongintheNewTerritories,andtherearealsoshuttlebusestoremoteplaces.
Tram
ItonlyrunsintheurbanareaofHongKongIsland(northside),thefareisthecheapest(currentpriceis$3),butthespeedisslower,suchasashorttripTakearideorcitysightseeing,themostpleasant.
Ferry
StarFerry,NewWorldFirstFerry,YauMaTeiFerryCompany,HongKongandKowloonFerryCompany,etc.
Jointtraffic
Highway
HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge:TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgespanstheLingdingOceanandconnectstotheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionintheeast,AdjacenttoZhuhaiCityofGuangdongProvinceandMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegiontothewest,itisthefirstsuper-largecross-seatransportationprojectjointlyconstructedbyGuangdong,HongKongandMacaoundertheframeworkof"OneCountry,TwoSystems".ConstructionwasofficiallystartedinDecember2009andofficiallyopenedtotrafficonOctober24,2018Operations.
Railway
HungHomStation:Beijing-KowloonRailway
WestKowloonStation:Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKongExpressRailway
Maritime
HongKongisanimportantmaritimetransportationhubinAsia.Itusuallyprovidesabout340containershipservicestoabout470destinationsaroundtheworldeveryweek.Thecontainerthroughputin2019was1836.4TenthousandTEUs,rankingseventhintheglobalcontainerport.
TheVictoriaHarbourbetweenKowloonandHongKongIslandisoneoftheworld’sthreebestnaturalharboursduetoitswideanddeepwaterandsurroundedbyallsides.TheShenzhenRiveristheboundarylinebetweenHongKongandMainlandChina,creatingalandjunctionbetweenHongKongandMainlandChina.
Aviation
HongKongInternationalAirportistheworld’sbusiestcargohubandoneoftheworld’stoptenbusiestpassengerairports.Itusuallyprovidesmorethan1,100Thereareflightstoabout240destinationsaroundtheworld,includingabout50mainlandcities.In2019,HongKongAirport’saircargovolumewas4.8milliontonsandairpassengervolumewas71.5million.
SocialUndertakings
UrbanArchitecture
HongKongSkyscrapers(13photos)
HongKongCityisdominatedbymodernarchitecture,AlargenumberofskyscrapersaredistributedonbothsidesofVictoriaHarbour,andtherearemorethan3,000buildingsover90metersinheight.Oftheworld's100tallestresidentialbuildings,atleasthalfarelocatedinHongKong.ThenumberofskyscrapersinHongKongranksfirstintheworld.HongKong'sbuildingsincludetheBankofChinaTowerdesignedbyChinese-AmericanarchitectI.M.Pei,andtheHSBCBankHeadquartersBuildingdesignedbyarchitectNormanFoster.ThearchitecturaldesignofHongKongInternationalAirportwasalsowrittenbyhim.Education
EducationPolicy
EducationexpenditureisthelargestitemofHongKonggovernment’soverallexpenditure.Itaccountedfornearlythetotalgovernmentexpenditureinthe2017-2018fiscalyearonefifth.Thegovernmenthasestablishedastudentfinancialassistanceprogramtoensurethatstudentswillnotbeunabletoreceiveeducationduetofinancialdifficulties,andhasimplementedvariousmeasurestoensurethatHongKongmaintainsahighlevelofeducation.HongKong’seducationsystemisroughlydividedintothefollowingparts:
1.Freepre-schooleducation:Throughprivatekindergartensandkindergartens,pre-schoolchildrenareprovidedwithopportunitiestolearnandgetalongwiththegroup.
2.Twelve-yearfreeeducation:setupgovernment-fundedorsubsidizedprimaryandsecondaryschoolsandpreschoolchildrenthroughoutHongKongtoprovidesix-yearprimaryschoolandthree-yearjuniorhighschoolcoursesforschool-agechildreninHongKong.
3.Highschoolandpreparatorycourses:setupatwo-yearhighschool(secondaryfourandfive)toprovidestudentswiththemostbasiceducationbeforework;setupatwo-yearpreparatorycourse(secondarysixandseven),Asacoursepreparationforstudentsbeforeapplyingforuniversity.
StartinginSeptember2007,HongKonghasimplementedanew"three,three,four"academicsystem,namelythreeyearsinjuniorhighschool,threeyearsinhighschool,andfouryearsinuniversity,whichhaschangedthetraditionalBritishuniversitysystem(threeyears).Andtheimplementationofthefour-yearuniversitysystem.
Educationalinstitutions
HighereducationinHongKongincludesstatutoryuniversities,statutorycolleges,registeredpost-secondarycolleges,VocationalTrainingCouncilinstitutionsandgeneralinstitutions.Thereare22highereducationinstitutionsthatcanawarddegrees.
HongKonguniversities(7photos)
StatutoryuniversitiesrefertothoseapprovedandapprovedbytheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninCouncilandtherelevantlawspassedthroughthethirdreadingoftheLegislativeCouncil,Tobecomeastatutoryuniversityregulatedbyindependentlaws.Asofnow,thereare11statutoryuniversitiesinHongKong(seethetablebelow).TheUniversityofHongKong | TheChineseUniversityofHongKong | TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology |
HongKongBaptistUniversity | TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity | CityUniversityofHongKong |
LingnanUniversity | TheEducationUniversityofHongKong | TheOpenUniversityofHongKong |
HongKongShueYanUniversity | HangSengUniversityofHongKong |
Statutorycollege:HongKongAcademyforPerformingArts.
VocationalTrainingCouncilinstitutions:HongKongInstituteofHigherEducationandTechnology.
Registeredpost-secondarycolleges:CaritasInstituteofHigherEducation,MingTakCollege,ZhuhaiCollege,TungWahCollege,WangEnChristianCollege,HongKongCollege,HongKongNengYanCollege,HongKongWollongongCollege,YewChungEarlychildhoodeducationcollege.
AccordingtotheAsianUniversityRankingspublishedbyTimesHigherEducationinJune2021,theUniversityofHongKongrankedfourthinAsia,theChineseUniversityofHongKongandtheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyrankedseventhandeighthrespectively,makingHongKongatopteninAsia.Qiangzhongwonthreeseats.
EntertainmentMedia
PopMusic
CantoneseoperawaspopularentertainmentinHongKongintheearlyyears.The1930swasthegoldenageofCantoneseoperaItisalsothemostcommonentertainmentforHongKongcitizens.Duringthisperiod,HongKong’spopularcultureandGuangzhouareseparatedbyastripofwater,andnouniqueHongKongculturehasbeenformed.Afterthe1950s,HongKongabsorbedthepopularcultureofShanghai,coupledwithmanyyearsofinfluencefromEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Sincethe1970s,theHongKongoralinterpretationmethodcreatedbyXuGuanjiehasdriventhetrendofChinesesongs,whichhasplayedadecisiveroleinthepromotionanddevelopmentof"Cantonesepopmusic".effect.
The1980swerenotonlythedayswhenHongKong’sCantonesepopmusicflourished,butalsotheheydayofHongKong’smusicscene.Atthattime,HongKong'spopmusicledtheAsianChinesesongtrend.AlthoughresidentsofsomepartsofthemainlandandTaiwandidnotunderstandCantonese,theylikedtolistentoCantonesepopmusic.XuGuanjie,GuJiahui,HuangZhanandothersareactivelyinvolvedinsongcreation,andtheBeyondbandinsistsonoriginalmusicandvigorouslypromoteslocalmusic.Inthe1980s,XuXiaofeng,AlanTam,LeslieCheung,andAnitaMuidominatedtheHongKongmusicscene.ThesesingershavefansinallChineseregionsandaremoreactivelyparticipatinginmovies.Thisisaboxofficeguaranteeandacompletesound,colorandart.Fromtheendofthe1980stothebeginningofthe1990s,therewereotherpopularsingersorbandssuchasLuoWen,LinZixiang,WangJie,ChenBaiqiang,YeQianwen,LinYilian,PriscillaChan,GuanShuyi,HackenLee,DamingSchool,Grasshopper,FayeWongandthe"FourHeavenlyKings"JackyCheung,AndyLau,LimingandAaronKwok,thesesingers/groupsallshineintheChinesemusicscene.Inthe2000s,singers/groupssuchasNicholasTse,LeoKu,EasonChan,Twins,etc.werealsorareoutstandingsingers.
HongKongMovies
HongKongmoviesbeganin1913,thefirstHongKongmovie"ZhuangziTestsHisWife".AftertheSecondWorldWar,alargenumberofmainlandfilmtalentsandfundswentsouth,HongKongestablishedanumberoffilmcompanies,whichmadeCantonesefilmsprosperedinthe1950s.Amongthem,the"HuangFeihong"seriesoffilmscreatedin1949,morethan60consecutivefilmswereshot,becomingthelongest-livedseriesinthehistoryoftheworld.Foraperiodoftime,EastAsiangovernmentsonlyallowedtheimportofHongKongfilms,givingHongKongthetitleof"OrientalHollywood":ChuYuan,ChowYun-fat,ZhaoYazhi,LeslieCheung,BruceLee,WongKarWai,WuYusen,TsuiHark,XuAnhua,ChenGuo,MichelleYeoh,JetLi,JackieChan,MaggieCheung,AndyLau,TonyLeung,NicholasTse,ZhengShaoqiu,StephenChowareallwell-knowninternationally.TheHongKongInternationalFilmFestivalandtheHongKongFilmAwards,heldbetweenMarchandAprileachyear,areannualeventsintheHongKongfilmindustry.
Thedevelopmentofthefilmandtelevisionindustry
The1980swastheheydayofHongKongfilms.Duringthepeakperiod,theannualoutputofHongKongfilmsreached300films,surpassingAtthattime,Indiawastheworld'slargestfilmproducer.Sincethelate1990s,withthedevelopmentandpopularizationoftechnologiessuchasVCDandDVD,HongKong'sfilmindustrybegantodecline.In2004,only60filmswereshot.
HongKongFilmAwards
HongKongFilmAwards,HongKongFilmCriticsSocietyAwards,AsianFilmAwards.
HongKongMedia
CommercialTVstations:WirelessTV(includingwirelesspayTV),AsianTV,cableTV,nowbroadbandTV,HongKongbroadbandbbTV,satelliteTV,PhoenixSatelliteTV.
CommercialRadio:HongKongRadio,HongKongCommercialRadio.
Mediaonpaper:Asofthebeginningof2013,therewere22Chinesedailynewspapers,13Englishdailynewspapers,7bilingualdailynewspapersinChineseandEnglish,and5JapanesenewspapersregisteredinHongKongasofthebeginningof2013.OftheChinese-languagenewspapers,17reportmainlyonHongKongandworldnews.
SocialSecurity
PolicyStatus
HongKongisasafecity.Comparedwithmanymajorinternationalcities,theoverallcrimerateremainsunchangedAtalowlevel.TheoverallcrimenumberinHongKongin2018was54,225,thelowestsince1974.FirearmscontrolinHongKongisverystrict.Itisextremelydifficultforanyonetoownafirearm.Therearepolicepatrolsintheurbanandsuburbanareas,sothelawandorderinHongKongisgooddayandnight.
HongKongPolice
TheHongKongPoliceisoneofHongKong’sdisciplinaryforces.AsofSeptember30,2019,theHongKongPoliceForcehad31,083disciplinedpersonneland4,618civilianpersonnel.TheHongKongPoliceDepartmentistheHongKongPoliceForce.
ThefullnameofHongKongPTUisPoliceTacticalUnit,referredtoasTacticalUnit,commonlyknownasBlueHat.Foundedin1958,itbelongstotheOperationsDepartmentofthePoliceCommandoftheOperationsDepartmentoftheHongKongPoliceForce.Itisaparamilitaryriotpolice..In1968,thepolicetrainingdetachmentchangeditsorganizationandchangeditsnametothePoliceTacticalUnit.AfterthePoliceTacticalUnitbecameasemi-militarizedunit,theseniorofficialsbelievedthattheiruniformsneededtobechanged.WiththeconsentoftheCommissionerofPolice,in1969allofficerswerereplacedwithblueberets,footstrapsandmilitaryboots.,Sothearmyhasthecommonnameofbluehat.ThemodeofoperationoftheHongKongPTUistoregularlytransferpoliceofficersfromdifferentpolicedepartments.AftercompletingthePTUtasks,theywillbedisbandedandtheteammemberswillbeassignedtovariouspolicedepartments.AtPTU,thepolicewillreceivevarioustrainingssuchasphysicalfitness,riotcontrol,andtactics.
Politics
BasicPolicy
Intheearly1980s,inordertorealizethepeacefulreunificationofthecountry,thenationalleaderDengXiaopingcreativelyputforwardthescientificconceptof"OneCountry,TwoSystems",AndwasfirstusedtosolvetheHongKongproblem.AccordingtoDengXiaoping'sargument,"onecountry,twosystems"meansthatunderthepremiseofoneChina,themainbodyofthecountryadherestothesocialistsystem,andHongKong,Macau,andTaiwanmaintaintheiroriginalcapitalistsystemsforalongtime.ThepolicyofHongKongwillremainunchangedfor50yearsafteritsreturntothemotherland,andtherewillbenoneedtochangeitafter50years.
AfterHongKongreturnedtothemotherland,"OneCountry,TwoSystems"changedfromascientificconcepttoavividreality.ThecentralgovernmentactsinstrictaccordancewiththeHongKongBasicLaw,earnestlyfulfillsitsconstitutionalresponsibilities,andfirmlysupportstheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionandthegovernmentingoverninginaccordancewiththelaw;theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionimplementsahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththelaw,andenjoysadministrativepower,legislativepower,independentjudicialpower,andfinaladjudicationpower.Continuetomaintaintheoriginalcapitalistsystemandwayoflifeunchanged,thelawsremainbasicallyunchanged,continuetomaintainprosperityandstability,andallundertakingsdevelopinanall-roundway.
ThecentralgovernmenthasthepowertoadministertheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,whichincludesboththepowerdirectlyexercisedbythecentralgovernmentandtheauthorizationoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoexerciseahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththelaw.WithregardtothehighdegreeofautonomyoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,theCentralGovernmenthassupervisorypowers.
Thecentralgovernmentadherestotwopointsinimplementingthe"OneCountry,TwoSystems"policy.Gointherightdirection.
Continuouslyadvancingthesuccessfulpracticeof"OneCountry,TwoSystems"inHongKongisanimportantpartoftheChineseDream.ItisnecessarytobuildtheMainlandwherethesocialistsystemisimplemented,andHongKongwherethecapitalistsystemisimplemented.
ThebasicguidelinesandpoliciesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatowardsHongKongareasfollows:
DecidedtoestablishtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninaccordancewithArticle31oftheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawhentheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongisrestored.
(2)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisdirectlyundertheCentralPeople’sGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionenjoysahighdegreeofautonomywiththeexceptionofforeignaffairsanddefenseaffairsthatareunderthemanagementoftheCentralPeople'sGovernment.
(3)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionenjoysadministrativepower,legislativepower,independentjudicialpowerandfinaladjudicationpower.Thecurrentlawsremainbasicallyunchanged.
(4)ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionshallbecomposedoflocalpeople.ThechiefexecutiveiselectedornegotiatedlocallyandappointedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernment.PrincipalofficialsarenominatedbytheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionandreportedtotheCentralPeople'sGovernmentforappointment.ChineseandforeigncivilservantsandpoliceofficerswhooriginallyservedinvariousgovernmentdepartmentsinHongKongcanberetained.GovernmentdepartmentsoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayhireBritishorotherforeignerstoserveasconsultantsorcertainpublicpositions.
(5)HongKong’scurrentsocialandeconomicsystemremainsunchanged;thelifestyleremainsunchanged.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionprotectstherightsandfreedomsoftheperson,speech,publication,assembly,association,travel,migration,correspondence,strikes,choiceofoccupationandacademicresearch,andreligiousbeliefinaccordancewiththelaw.Privateproperty,corporateownership,legalinheritancerights,andforeigninvestmentareallprotectedbylaw.
(6)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainthestatusofafreeportandanindependentcustomsterritory.
(7)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainitsstatusasaninternationalfinancialcenter,continuetoopenmarketssuchasforeignexchange,gold,securities,andfutures,withfreeflowoffunds.TheHongKongdollarcontinuestocirculateandisfreelyconvertible.
(8)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainfinancialindependence.TheCentralPeople'sGovernmentdoesnotlevytaxesontheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion.
(9)HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanestablishmutuallybeneficialeconomicrelationswiththeUnitedKingdomandothercountries.TheeconomicinterestsoftheUnitedKingdomandothercountriesinHongKongwillbetakencareof.
(10)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayindependentlymaintainanddevelopeconomicandculturalrelationsandsignrelevantagreementswithcountries,regionsandrelevantinternationalorganizationsinthenameof"HongKong,China".
ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanissuetraveldocumentsintoHongKongonitsown.
(11)PublicsecurityintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionismaintainedbytheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernment.
(12)Regardingtheabove-mentionedbasicguidelinesandpoliciesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatowardsHongKongandthespecificexplanationoftheabove-mentionedbasicguidelinesandpoliciesintheannextothisjointstatement,theNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawillItisstipulatedintheBasicLawoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionandwillremainunchangedfor50years.
Politicalstructure
TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisalocaladministrativeregionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,directlyundertheCentralPeople’sGovernment.TheNationalPeople'sCongressauthorizedtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoexerciseahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheBasicLaw,andenjoyadministrativemanagement,legislativepower,independentjudicialpower,andfinaladjudicationpower.
SpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernment
TheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheheadoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionandrepresentstheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion.HeisbothresponsibletotheCentralPeople’sGovernmentandtotheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionResponsible.TheChiefExecutiveisalsotheheadofthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andheperformstheauthoritygrantedbytheBasicLawtoleadthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,toberesponsiblefortheimplementationoftheBasicLaw,andotherfunctionsandpowersinaccordancewiththelaw.TheChiefExecutivemustimplementtheinstructionsissuedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernmentonmattersrelatedtotheHongKongBasicLawwhenexercisinghispowers.
ThegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionshallbecomposedofpermanentresidentsofHongKonginaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheBasicLaw.ItshallsetuptheSecretaryofStateAffairs,theDepartmentofFinance,theDepartmentofJusticeandvariousbureaus,divisions,anddepartmentstoexercisetheformulationandimplementationofpoliciesandmanagevariousadministrationsstipulatedintheBasicLaw.Affairsandotherpowers.TheadministrativepowerenjoyedbytheSpecialAdministrativeRegionisextremelywide,coveringthefieldsofeconomy,education,science,culture,sports,religion,socialservices,socialsecurity,andentryandexitmanagement.Inaddition,undertheauthorizationofthecentralgovernment,thespecialadministrativeregionalsoenjoyscertainrightsinforeignaffairs.
TheChiefExecutiveiselectedornegotiatedlocallyinHongKongandappointedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernment.Thetermofofficeis5years.ThecurrentChiefExecutiveisCarrieLam.
TheExecutiveCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisanorganizationthatassiststheChiefExecutiveinmakingdecisions.ItsmembersareappointedbytheChiefExecutivefromamongtheprincipalgovernmentofficials,membersoftheLegislativeCouncil,andmembersofthepublic.
ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheadministrativeagencyoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion.TheGovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionhastheDepartmentofAdministration,Finance,DepartmentofJustice,andvariousbureaus,divisions,anddepartments.AccordingtotheBasicLaw,theprincipalofficialsofthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionarenominatedbytheChiefExecutiveandsubmittedtotheCentralPeople'sGovernmentforappointment.ThecurrentChiefSecretaryforAdministrationisLiJiachao,theFinancialSecretaryisChenMaobo,andtheSecretaryforJusticeisZhengRuohua.
ChiefExecutive | CivilServiceCommission,OfficeofTheOmbudsman,IndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption,AuditCommission,CentralPolicyUnit(SecretaryoftheStrategicDevelopmentCommittee),ChiefExecutive’sOffice |
ChiefSecretaryforAdministration | OfficeoftheChiefSecretaryforAdministration[AdministrativeDepartment>(Concierge,GovernmentArchives,formerChiefExecutive’sOffice)],EfficiencyPromotionTeam(1823CallCenter),PolicyandProjectCoordinationOffice |
CivilServiceBureau:JointSecretariatofthePublicServiceandJudicialStaffSalariesandConditionsofServiceAdvisoryCommittee ConstitutionalandMainlandAffairsBureaub>:RegistrationandElectoralOffice,BeijingOfficeoftheGovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,HongKongEconomicandTradeOffice(Mainland),HongKongEconomic,TradeandCulturalOffice EducationBureau(CharityYouthMission):UniversityGrantsCommitteeSecretariat,StudentFinancialAssistanceAgency EnvironmentBureau(SustainabilityDivision):EnvironmentalProtectionDepartment FoodandHealthBureau:Agriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartment,DepartmentofHealth(CentreforHealthProtection,TobaccoControlOfficeofDepartmentofHealth),FoodandEnvironmentalHygieneDepartment(CentreforFoodSafety),GovernmentLaboratory HomeAffairsBureau:HomeAffairsDepartment,InformationServicesDepartment,LegalAidDepartment(LegalRepresentativeOffice),LeisureandCulturalServicesDepartment(AntiquitiesandMonumentsOffice,HongKongPhilharmonicOrchestra) LaborandWelfareBureau:LaborDepartment,SocialWelfareDepartment(ChuangyeXuan) SecurityBureau(NarcoticsDivision):AuxiliaryMedicalService,PublicSafetyServiceTeam,CorrectionalServicesDepartment,HongKongCustoms,HongKongFireServicesDepartment,GovernmentFlyingService,HongKongPoliceForce(HongKongAuxiliaryPoliceForce),ImmigrationDepartment,InterceptionofCommunicationsandSurveillanceCommissionerSecretariat TransportandHousingBureau:CivilAviationDepartment,HighwaysDepartment,HousingDepartment,MarineDepartment,TransportDepartment | |
FinancialSecretary | OfficeoftheFinancialSecretary(EconomicAnalysisandBusinessFacilitationOffice),HongKongMonetaryAuthority |
CommerceandEconomicDevelopmentBureau(CommerceandIndustryAndTourismBranch>TourismCommission>TravelAgentsRegistry,CommunicationsandCreativeIndustriesBranch):HongKongObservatory,IntellectualPropertyDepartment,InvestmentPromotionAgency,OfficeofCommunicationsAuthority(Film,NewspaperandArticleManagementOffice),PostOffice,RadioTelevisionHongKong,TradeandIndustryDepartment,HongKongEconomicandTradeOffice(Overseas) InnovationandTechnologyBureau:InnovationandTechnologyCommission,GovernmentInformationOfficeoftheChiefTechnologyOfficer DevelopmentBureau:ArchitecturalServicesDepartment,BuildingsDepartment,CivilEngineeringandDevelopmentDepartment,DrainageServicesDepartment,ElectricalandMechanicalServicesDepartment,LandsDepartment,LandRegistry,PlanningDepartment,WaterSuppliesDepartment FinancialServicesandtheTreasuryBureau[FinancialServicesBranch>(InsiderTradingTribunal,SecuritiesandFuturesAppealsTribunal),TreasuryBranch]:CensusandStatisticsDepartment,CompaniesRegistry,GovernmentLogisticsServicesAgency,GovernmentPropertyAgency,InlandRevenueDepartment(TaxAppealBoard),OfficeoftheCommissionerofInsurance,OfficialReceiver'sOffice,RatingandValuationDepartment,TreasuryDepartment | |
SecretaryofJustice | DepartmentofJustice |
TheLegislature
TheLegislativeCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheSpecialAdministrativeRegionThelegislatureiselectedandexercisesitspowersinaccordancewiththeBasicLaw,includingenacting,amendingandrepealinglawsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheBasicLawandinaccordancewithlegalprocedures;reviewingandapprovingbudgetsbasedongovernmentproposals;approvingtaxationandpublicexpenditures,etc.ThelegislativepowerenjoyedbytheSpecialAdministrativeRegionisextremelybroad,andlawsapplicabletotheSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanbeformulatedinaccordancewiththeBasicLawincivil,criminal,commercial,andlitigationprocedures.LawsenactedbytheLegislativeCounciloftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionmustbereportedtotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressfortherecord.
ThesixthtermoftheLegislativeCouncilwaselectedinSeptember2016.Thetotalnumberofseatsis70,with35seatseachbeingdirectlyelectedbydistrictsandfunctionalgroups.ThecurrentChairmanoftheLegislativeCouncilisLiangJunyan.
OnAugust11,2020,the21stmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheThirteenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"StandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongressRegardingtheContinuedPerformanceoftheSixthLegislativeCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion"decision".
JudicialOrgans
ThecourtsatalllevelsoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionarethejudicialorgansoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andtheyexercisejudicialpowerindependentlyinaccordancewiththelaw.AftertheestablishmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,theCourtofFinalAppealshallbeestablishedtoexercisethepoweroffinaladjudicationoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion.ThejudicialsystemoriginallyimplementedinHongKongshallberetainedexceptforchangescausedbytheestablishmentoftheCourtofFinalAppeal.ThecommonlawandrelatedjudicialprinciplesandsystemspreviouslyimplementedinHongKong,includingtheprincipleofindependenttrial,theprincipleoffollowingprecedent,andtheprincipleofjurysystem,willcontinuetobeimplemented.
ThecourtsoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionhavenojurisdictionovernationalactssuchasnationaldefenseandforeignaffairs.InadditiontocontinuingtomaintainHongKong’soriginallegalsystemandprinciplesonthecourt’sjurisdiction,theyhavejurisdictionoverallcasesintheSpecialAdministrativeRegion..ThecourtsoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayrefertothejudicialprecedentsofothercommonlawjurisdictionswhenadjudicatingcases,andtheCourtofFinalAppealmayinvitejudgesfromothercommonlawjurisdictionstoparticipateinthetrialasneeded.
TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionhasestablishedtheCourtofFinalAppeal,theHighCourt,theDistrictCourt,theMagistratesCourtandotherspecializedcourts.ThecurrentChiefJusticeoftheCourtofFinalAppealisZhangJuneng.
TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption
TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionofHongKong(ICAC),formerlyknownasthe"IndependentCommissioneroftheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionoftheGovernor",wasestablishedonFebruary17,1974.Changeditsnameto"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption".TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptioniscomposedofcommissioners,deputycommissionersandotherappointedpersonnel.ThecurrentCommissioneroftheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionisBaiYunliu.
TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionisanindependentanti-corruptionagencyseparatedfromallgovernmentagencies.ThestaffoftheICACarenotaffiliatedwiththegovernment’scivilservicestructure.Heisresponsibleandhandlesallanti-corruptionworkindependentlyintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninaccordancewithArticle57oftheHongKongBasicLaw.
RegionalFlagandRegionalEmblem
RegionalFlag
TheregionalflagoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionusesredasthebackgroundandredandwhiteasasymbolOnecountry,twosystems.Thereisawhitebauhiniapatternwithafive-starstameninthecenter.ThebauhiniaisasymbolofHongKong.ThebloomingbauhiniasymbolizestheprosperityofHongKong.TheredbackgroundsymbolizesthatHongKongisalwaysbackedbythemotherland.
RegionalEmblem
TheregionalemblemoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioniscircular,exceptforthosewith"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"and"HONGKONG"writtenarounditInadditiontothestandardlettering,thereisalsoawhitefive-starbauhiniastamenpatternonaredbackground,whichhasthesamemeaningastheregionalflag.
HonorAwardSystem
HongKongAwardofHonorandRewardSystem
GeneralHonors
GreatBauhiniaMedal,GoldenBauhiniaStar,SilverBauhiniaStar,BronzeBauhiniaStar,MedalofHonor,ChiefExecutiveCommunityServiceCertificate,ChiefExecutive'sPublicServiceCertificate
HonorofBravery
GoldMedalofValor,SilverMedalofValor,BronzeMedalofValor
MilitaryHonor
MedalofExcellence,MedalofHonor,MedalofLong-termService
Thefirstmedaloflong-termserviceisaddedwithabuckle,awardedwithgoodcharacterandbehavior,andfullserviceMembersofthevarioustroopswhoperformedwellduringthe25years.
TheLongServiceMedalwillbeawardedwiththesecondbuckle,andwillbeawardedtothepersonnelofthevarioustroopswhohavegoodcharacterandbehaviorandhaveservedfor30yearsandhaveperformedwellduringtheperiod.
TheLongServiceMedalisaddedwiththethirdbuckle.Itisawardedtothetroopswhohavegoodcharacterandbehaviorandhaveservedfor33yearsandhaveperformedwellduringtheperiod.
HongKongagencies
TheLiaisonOfficeoftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion
TheNationalSecurityOfficeoftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion
TheOfficeoftheCommissioneroftheMinistryofForeignAffairsofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion
ChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyForcesinHongKong
ExternalAffairs
Accordingtothe"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaAccordingtotheBasicLaw,theCentralPeople'sGovernmentisresponsibleforallforeignaffairs.TheCentralPeople'sGovernmentauthorizestheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontohandlerelevantexternalaffairsonitsown.HongKongcanindependentlymaintainanddeveloprelationswithcountries,regionsandrelevantinternationalorganizationsintheworldunderthename"HongKong,China"inthefieldsofeconomy,trade,finance,shipping,communications,tourism,culture,sports,etc.,Signandperformrelevantagreements.TheinternationalorganizationsthatHongKongparticipatesinincludetheWorldTradeOrganization,theAsiaPacificEconomicCooperationOrganization,theAsianDevelopmentBank,theAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,theBankforInternationalSettlements,andtheInternationalOlympicCommittee.
ChinafirmlyopposesanyforeigninterferenceinHongKongaffairsinanyway.
HistoryandCulture
Theoriginofthename
ThesceneryofHongKong(6photos)
Spice-related.DuringtheSongandYuandynasties,HongKongwasadministrativelysubordinatetoDongguan,Guangdong.BeginningintheMingDynasty,asmallharborinthesouthofHongKongIslandwasadistributionportfortransshipmentofspicesfromNanyue.ItwasfamousfortransshipmentofspicesproducedinDongguan,Guangdong,andwascalled"HongKong".ItissaidthatthespicestransportedinHongKongatthattimewereofhighqualityandwerecalled"HainanRare".ManylocalpeopleinHongKongalsoplantedspicesastheirbusiness.TogetherwiththespicesgrowninHongKong,HongKongbecamewell-knownandgraduallybecamerecognizedbythenearandfar.Soonthiskindofspicewaslistedasatributetotheemperor,andcreatedtheprosperityoftheincensemakinganddeliveryindustryatthattime.Butlater,thevillagersrefusedtoplantit,andtheplantingandtransshipmentofspicesgraduallydisappeared,butthenameHongKongwasretained.Thesecondstatement:HongKongisanaturalharbor.Therearestreamsnearbythataresweetandfragrant.Sailorsfromtheseaoftencomeheretofetchwaterfordrinking.Overtime,thesweetandfragrantstreamsbecamefamous.Itwascalled"Xiangjiang",andthesmallharborformedbythealluvialaccumulationoftheXiangjiangRiverintotheseabegantobecalled"HongKong".AgroupofBritishpeoplecameashorefromthisharbourwhentheylandedonHongKongIsland,sotheyalsonamedtheentireislandwiththeword"HongKong".Tothisday,"HongKong"isstillanothernameforHongKong.
Althoughtherearedifferentopinions,itisgenerallycertainthatthenameofHongKongfirstappearedintheMingDynasty.ItoriginallyreferredtoasmallharborandsmallvillageonHongKongIslandtoday,andwaslaterexpandedtoThenameoftheentireisland(HongKongIsland)finallybecamethecollectivenamefortheentireareaoccupiedbytheBritishcolonialistsintheearly19thcentury.
TheEnglishnameofHongKongisbasedontheCantonesepronunciation.ItwasoriginallytranslatedasHeungKong.ManywaterresidentsinHongKongpronounce"香"as"Kang",sotheEnglishnamehasbeenchangedtoHongKong.
Languages
The"twolanguagesandthreelanguages"(i.e.Chinese,English,Mandarin,CantoneseandEnglish)prevailinHongKong,andbothChineseandEnglisharetheofficiallanguagesofHongKong.Accordingto2016statistics,88.9%ofHongKongresidentsuseCantoneseindailyhabits,4.3%useEnglish,1.9%useMandarin,3.1%useotherChinesedialects,and1.9%useotherlanguages..SinceHongKongwasstillunderBritishcolonialrulewhensimplifiedcharacterswereintroducedinMainlandChina,themostcommonlyusedChinesecharacterscriptinHongKongwasTraditionalChinese.
Opera
CantoneseoperaisarepresentativetraditionalperformingartinHongKong,andithasbecomeanimportantmarkofHongKong’slocalculture.CantoneseoperaisafavoriteformofentertainmentforthepeopleofHongKong.TherearetwoclimaxesintheperformancehistoryofHongKongCantoneseopera.Thefirstwasinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.AlthoughHongKongwasruledbytheBritishHongKongauthorities,ithadnoboundarieswithGuangdongculturally,atleastintermsofdrama.ThemostinfluentialCantoneseoperatroupeiscommonlyknownasthe"ProvinceandHongKongTaipan".AlmostallfamousCantoneseoperaactors,whoareaccustomedtocallthem"BigBrothers",travelledaroundHongKongandGuangzhou,creatingCantoneseoperainbothprovincesandHongKong.Acommonprosperityscene.Thesecondclimaxisthepresentmoment.ItismoreorlessstimulatedbytherecognitionofCantoneseoperaasa"intangibleculturalheritagemasterpiece"byUNESCO,andHongKong'sCantoneseoperaperformanceshaveformedanewupsurge.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofCantoneseoperaart.Inordertosupporttheresearch,promotionandsustainabledevelopmentofCantoneseopera,ithasestablishedtheCantoneseOperaDevelopmentAdvisoryCommitteeandtheCantoneseOperaDevelopmentFund.
Customs
YellowSpringFlowerMarket,visitingtheflowermarketduringtheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportantSpringFestivalcustomsforHongKongpeople,especiallyonNewYear’sEve,almosteveryhouseholdhastogototheflowermarketCome,pickflowersorpottedplants.Iwishgoodhealth,academicprogressandsuccessinmycareerinthecomingyear.
LiondanceisalsoknownasliondanceinHongKong.Thereisatraditionofliondanceperformanceduringfestivalsandstoreopenings.HongKonghasasmalllandwithalargepopulationanddensebuildings,sofirecrackersarenotallowedduringtheSpringFestival.However,HongKongpeopleenjoyalivelyandfestiveNewYear,andthedragonandliondancehasbecomearegularprogramoftheSpringFestivalsincethelastcentury.EveryyeartoHongKongtowatchdragonandliondanceperformanceshasbecomeamust-seeformanytourists.
HongKongretainsmanytraditionalfolkcustomsoftheDragonBoatFestival,suchastheholdingofdragonboatraces,the"paperdragon"ceremony,theuseofdragonboatsforsacrifices,dragonboatwaterrides,andtheeatingofzongzi.HongKongpeoplecalldragonboating"dragonboats".Thiscustomhasbeenaroundforalongtime.TheearliestrecordedDragonBoatFestivalwasheldinNorthPoint,EasternDistrictofHongKongIslandin1919,andthenevolvedintoanannualracingcompetition.InrecentyearsInternationaldragonboatraceswillalsobeheld.
Religion
LifeinHongKong(6photos)
AlmostallmajorreligionsintheworldarebelievedininHongKong.TheChinesemainlybelieveinBuddhismandTaoism.Therearemorethan360monasteriesinHongKong,40publictemples,24TinHautemples,andtheRomanCatholicBishop'sMissionDistrictoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwasestablishedin1841.In1991,therewereapproximately258,000CatholicsinHongKong.TheCatholicChurchhasschools,hospitalsandsocialservicecentersinHongKong.ChristianitywasintroducedtoHongKongin1841.Therearenowmorethan50denominationswith285,000followers.Italsorunsschools,hospitalsandsocialservicecentersinHongKong.Otherreligionsinclude:about50,000Muslims,morethanhalfofwhomareChinese,andabout12,000Hindus;therearealsoafewSikhsandJews.ReligiousfreedomisoneofthebasicrightsenjoyedbyHongKongresidentsandisprotectedbytheBasicLawandrelevantlaws.HongKongpeoplebelieveindifferentreligions.Buddhism,Taoism,Confucianism,Christianity,Catholicism,Islam,Hinduism,SikhismandJudaismallhavemanyfollowers.Inadditiontopromotingteachings,manymajorreligiousgroupsalsorunschoolsandprovidehealthandwelfareservices.
IntangibleHeritage
ThebirthdayofHongKongTinHauandChinesegownmakingskillsareincludedinthefifthbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritagerepresentativeitems.Previously,10intangibleculturalheritageprojectsinHongKonghavebeenincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist,includingCantoneseopera,herbaltea,CheungChauTaipingglutinousrice,TaiODragonBoatFestivalDragonBoatRide,HongKongChicYulanShenghui,TaiHangFireDragonDance,Guqinart,QuanzhenTaoistritualmusic,HakkaunicorndanceinHangHauSaiKung,andWongTaiSinbeliefsandcustoms.
PublicHolidays
HongKong’spublicholidaysincorporatethecharacteristicsofEasternandWesterncultures.Thereareatotalof17daysthroughouttheyear,namely:NewYear’sDay,ChineseNewYear(threedays),ChingMingFestival,andResurrectionFestival(threedays),LaborDayonMay1st,Buddha'sBirthdayonthe8thdayofthefourthlunarmonth,DragonBoatFestivalonthefifthdayofthelunarmonth,DragonBoatFestivalonthefifthdayofthelunarcalendar,theanniversaryoftheestablishmentoftheSpecialEconomicZoneonJuly1,thedayfollowingtheMid-AutumnFestival,theNationalDayonOctober1,theDoubleNinthFestival,Christmas(twodays).HongKonghaslonglistedtraditionalfestivalswithChineseculturalcharacteristicsasholidays,whichhasalsodeeplyaffectedthemainland.Since2009,themainlandofChinahaslistedsomefestivalswithChinesecharacteristicsasnationalunifiedstatutoryholidays.
GamingandEntertainment
Inthefouryearsfrom1867(thesixthyearofTongzhiintheQingDynasty)to1871,HongKongallowedlegalcasinos.Atthattimetherewere12legalcasinos.In1871,duetointernalandexternalpressuresRegardingsocialissues,HongKongbanscasinogambling.ThefirstChinesehospitalinHongKong,DonghuaHospital,wascreatedwithgamblingratesandcasinocharityfundscollectedoverfouryears.
Horseracingandhorseracingbetting(horsebetting)areentertainmentsthatmanyHongKongcitizensparticipatein.Therearemorethan60daysofhorseracinginaracingseasonfromSeptembertoJuneofthefollowingyeareachyear.DayracesaremostlyheldinShaTinonSaturdaysandSundays,andnightracesaremoreoftenheldinHappyValleyonWednesdaynights.Spectatorscanbuyticketstowatchandplacebets.ThereisadirecttraintoShaTinRacecourseonracedays.TheHongKongJockeyClubhasmorethan100bettingstationsinvariousdistricts.Inadditiontohorsebetting,theMarkSixlotteryandfootballbettingstartedin2004arealsooperatedbytheHongKongJockeyClub.
TheCityofEvents
HongKonghostsvarioustypesofcultural,recreational,andsportseventseveryyear.LargereventsincludetheHongKongArtsFestival,HongKongArtBasel,andHongKongInternationalFilmFestival.,FrenchMayArtFestival,ChineseOperaFestival,InternationalVarietyCarnival,HongKongInternationalRugbySevens,Six-a-sideWoodballTournamentandInternationalHorseRacing.HongKongathleteshavealsoparticipatedinmanylarge-scaleinternationalsportsgames,suchastheAsianGamesandtheEastAsianGames.HongKonghostedtheFifthEastAsianGamesinDecember2009.
TheWestKowloonCulturalDistrictisacomprehensiveculturalvenuethatincludesart,educationalfacilitiesandpublicspaces.TheHongKongPalaceMuseumisscheduledtoopenin2022.
TherearemanybarsinLanKwaiFong,"Soho"district,LockhartRoad,WanChai,CausewayBayandTsimShaTsui(NathanRoad,AshleyRoad,KnutsfordTerrace,PekingRoad)inCentral,HongKong,Karaokevenues,nightclubsandloungesareallplacesthatresidentsandtouristsvisit.
Specialtycuisine
AmongtherichanddiversecuisinesinHongKong,Cantonesecuisinehasbeenpasseddownforacenturyasthemaincuisine,anditscharmisundiminished.IntheHongKongversionofthe"MichelinGuide"launchedin2017,tworestaurantsoperatingtraditionalCantonesecuisinewonthehighestMichelinthree-star.HongKong’straditionallocaldishesaremainlyCantonesedishes,whilePoonChoiisatraditionaldishfortheindigenousinhabitantsoftheNewTerritoriesduringfestivals.AsHongKongisclosetotheocean,seafoodisalsoacommondish,andtyphoondisheslikefriedcrabsintyphoonsheltershavealsodeveloped.
HongKonggatherscuisinesfromallovertheworld,andsomestreetsinHongKong'sMongKok,CausewayBay,EastTsimShaTsuiandKowloonCityarefullofrestaurants.TherearerestaurantsfullofAsianflavorsalloverHongKong,spicyThaisoup,fragrantIndiancurry,Koreanbarbecue,Vietnamesesaladrolls,Japanesesushiandotherspecialties.ChineserestaurantsinHongKongprovidespecialtiesfromalloverChina,especiallyCantoneserestaurants.OtherauthenticdishesincludeChaozhoucuisine,Hunancuisine,Sichuancuisine,Beijingcuisine,Shanghaicuisine,etc.,aswellasvegetariandishesthatpayattentiontovegetariandishes.ThereisalsoteawithtraditionalCantonesedimsumforbreakfast.
HongKongfoodisalsodeeplyinfluencedbyforeignfoodculture.TherearemanybarsinSoho,WanChaiandTsimShaTsuiinCentral.TheOktoberfesthasbeenheldonCantonRoadinTsimShaTsuieveryyearsince1991.Intermsoffastfood,AmericanfastfoodismainlyoperatedbyMcDonald'sandKFC,andHongKonghasalsodevelopeditsownHongKong-stylefastfood,whichisrepresentedbyCafédeCoral,BigHappinessandMaxim'sfastfood.
HongKongisatraditionalfoodthatispopularamongthepeopleandhasalwaystakenrootinHongKong,suchasricecakes,ricedumplings,fishballs,eggtarts,smallpeachcakes,almondcakes,blindmalecakes,chickencakes,smallcoconutpiles,peanutcakes,sesameseedsBiscuits,AcaciaCrisp,ChessCakes,FriedRiceBiscuits,LatticeBiscuits,PeanutCandy,PouchNoodles,EggWaffles,Peanuts,SouthernFrankincenseCrispyCorners,etc.
Scenicspots
Overview
HongKonghastraditionalancestraltemples,clan-enclosedvillagesintheNewTerritories,andeventempleslocatedinthebusycity.Visitorscanparticipateinthe"RoamingAncientandModernArchitecture"hostedbytheHongKongTourismBoard.
Mainattractions
ScenicSpots | ||
|---|---|---|
HongKongIsland | Central | Central,LegislativeCouncilBuilding,StatueSquare,PeaceMonument,HongKongGovernmentHouse,StoneStepsandGas(Gas)StreetLightsonDuddellStreetinCentral,LanKwaiFong |
WanChai | HongKongConventionandExhibitionCenter,GoldenBauhiniaSquare,HappyValley(HappyValley),HongKongRacingMuseum | |
SouthernDistrict | RepulseBay,HongKongOceanPark,Stanley,StanleyMainStreet,StanleyNewStreetandStanleyMarket,MurrayHouse | |
VictoriaPeak/Peak | Peak,PeakTram,ThePeakTower,MadameTussauds,BelieveItorNot,Victoria,HongKong,BelieveItorNot,WonderMuseum,SuperDynamicCinema,PeakGalleria | |
KowloonDistrict | TsimShaTsui | AvenueofStars,AvenueofStarsRecognitionList,SymphonyofNightViewsofVictoriaHarbourHongKong,TsimShaTsuiFormerKowloon-CantonRailwayClockTower,HongKongCulturalCentre,HongKongSpaceMuseum,HongKongMuseumofArt,KowloonMosque,ShoppingHotspotsinTsimShaTsui,TsimShaTsuiNathanRoad,HarbourCity,ParkLaneShoppingBoulevard,GranvilleRoad |
MongKok | LadiesStreet,GoldfishStreet,YuenPoStreetBirdGarden,NathanRoad,MongKok,FaYuenStreet,SportsStreetSneakerStreet,SaiYeungChoiStreet | |
WongTaiSin/DiamondHill | WongTaiSinTemple | |
NewTerritoriesandIslandsDistrict | LantauIsland | PoLinMonastery,TianTanBuddha,HongKongBaoding,ZhaitangandTeaGarden,NgongPing360Cablecar,NgongPingMarket,HongKongDisneyland,InspirationLakeActivityCenter |
TsingYi/MaWan | TsingMaBridge,LantauLinkVisitorCenterandObservationDeck | |
SaiKung | SaiKungSeafoodStreet | |
YuenLong | HongKongWetlandPark |
Religiousandculturalattractions
ManMoTemple,CausewayBayTinHauTemple,St.John’sCathedralonHongKongIsland;WongTaiSinTempleandTomb,HouWangTemple,TszWanShanGuanyinTemple,KowloonMosqueinKowloon;TenThousandBuddhasTemple,CheKunginShaTinTemples,PengyingxianPavilion,Banyuanchun,TaoFongshanChristianChurch;ZhulinTemple,EastPutuo,andTinHauTempleinTsuenWan;QingshanTemple,QingsongTemple,MiaofaTempleinLongmen;LingduTempleandYunfuTempleinYuenLong;SaiKung'sBuddhaHallTinHauTemple,HoChungCheKungTemple,PoLinMonasteryonLantauIsland,CheungChauPakTaiTemple,PingChauTinHauTemple,etc.
Folkculturalattractions
TheancienttombsofKowloonWalledCity,Songcheng,Songwangtai,andLiZhengwuinKowloon;SongdiyaninTuenMun,RedHouse,ZengDawuinShaTin,FiveKingdomsSixVillage;ThreehousesinTsuenWan,HoikanVillage;YuenLongSanTin,KatHingWai,ShuiTauVillageHistoricSite,JuSingBuilding,HaVillageTang’sAncestralHall;SaiKungSheungYaoFolkMuseum,etc.;HongKongIslandFortandOldFortssuchasTungChungFortonLantauIslandandBuddhaHallonTungLungIsland.
MuseumandExhibitionHall
HongKongIsland HongKongMuseumofCoastalDefence,HongKongVisualArtsCentre,SunYat-senMemorialHall,MuseumofTeaWare,MuseumofLuowuFolklore,FireboatGranthamExhibitionHall,HongKongFilmArchive Kowloon HongKongMuseumofHistory,LeeChengUkHanTombMuseum,HongKongSpaceMuseum,HongKongHeritageDiscoveryMuseum,HongKongScienceMuseum,HongKongMuseumofArt,M+Museum NewTerritories SanTungUkMuseum,ShangyaoFolkMuseum,HongKongHeritageMuseum,HongKongRailwayMuseum,PingShanTangClanMuseumandHeritageTrailVisitorCenter |
AirportCoreProjectExhibitionCenter,CityGallery,HongKongHistoricalArchives,HongKongCorrectionalServicesMuseum,PoliceMuseum,HealthEducationExhibitionandInformationCenter,LantauLinkVisitorCenterandObservationDeck,ImmigrationDepartmentMuseum,MonetaryAuthorityInformationCenter,ElectricalandMechanicalServicesDepartmentExhibitionHall,HongKongJockeyClubDrugInformationCenter,HongKongHousingAuthorityExhibitionCenter,LionsNatureEducationCenter,PostGallery,UrbanRenewalDiscoveryCenter,IntellectualPropertyEnforcementExhibitionHall,IndoorAirQualityInformationCenter,ElectionInformationCenter,ICACExhibitionHall |
TungWahGroupofHospitalsHeritageMuseum,PoLeungKukHistoryMuseum,TheUniversityofHongKongMuseumofFineArts,TheUniversityofHongKongXuShifenGeologicalMuseum,TheChineseUniversityofHongKongMuseumofArt,HongKongMaritimeMuseum,HongKongHorseRacingMuseum,HongKongMuseumofMedicine,ScoutGallery,HongKongBaptistUniversityDr.KongXianShao'sChineseMedicineMuseum,BNPParibasBethanyMuseum,SaigonHeritageMuseum,HongKongMuseumofEducation(HongKongInstituteofEducation),St.Stephen'sCollegeHeritageMuseum |
HumanfolkloreMuseum,TaiOCulturalStudio,DaoxiangFoodCultureMuseum,AntiqueFanMuseum,PeakTramHistoricalCollection,ExchangeExhibitionHall,AviationDiscoveryHall,PrehistoricStoryHall,JockeyClubLeiYueMunCreativeHall,BlueHouseFolkLifeHall,ClimateChangeMuseum,MuseumCentralCulturalRelicsStorageBuilding |
TheGreatHallMuseum,XuFamilyArtArtMuseum,TelecomFort,UrbanCouncilBuildingExhibitionCenter,DehuaExhibitionHall,ChineseWhiteDolphinResourceCenter,HongKong2009EastAsianGamesExhibitionGallery,NgauTauKokUpperVillageCulturalRelicsExhibitionArea |
ParkAmusementPark
BelcherBayPark,HongKongGeorgeVMemorialPark,SunYat-senMemorialPark,CentralandWesternDistrictWaterfrontPromenade,HollywoodRoadPark,BuKungGarden,HongKongZoologicalandBotanicalPark,HongKongPark,StatueSquare,ChaterGarden,夏悫花园，添马公园，湾仔临时海滨花园，湾仔公园，维多利亚公园，赛西湖公园，鲗鱼涌公园，柴湾公园，山顶公园，瀑布湾公园，香港仔海滨公园，鸭脷洲风之塔公园，赤柱马坑公园 |
九龙公园，摩士公园（含黄大仙文化公园），狮子山公园，九龙仔公园，市政局百周年纪念花园，尖沙咀海滨花园，梳士巴利花园，西九龙海滨长廊，九龙佐治五世纪念公园，南昌公园，通州街公园，樱桃街公园，深水埗公园，歌和老街公园，石硖尾公园，花墟公园，荔枝角公园（含岭南之风），高山道公园，和黄公园，世运公园，海心公园，牛池湾公园，坪石游乐场，斧山公园（含南莲园池），凤德公园，佐敦谷游乐场，佐敦谷公园，秀茂坪纪念公园，贾炳达道公园，乐富公园，联合道公园，乐群街公园，丽港公园，园圃街雀鸟花园，汉花园，讯号山公园，宋王台花园，九龙寨城公园，土瓜湾游乐场，彩虹道游乐场，启德邮轮码头公园，启德跑道公园，都会公园，晒草湾游乐场，马仔坑游乐场，蓝田公园，彩荣路公园，彩禧路公园，骏业街游乐场，观塘海滨花园，红磡海滨花园，大环山公园，蒲岗村道公园，奥运公园，睦邻街游乐场 |
大埔海滨公园，日出公园，北区公园，安乐门街游乐场，安福街游乐场，彭福公园，沙田公园，城市艺坊，显田游乐场，马鞍山公园，马鞍山游乐场，常宁游乐场，将军澳市镇公园，将军澳南海滨长廊，唐明街公园，坑口文曲里公园，坑口花园，宝翠公园，宝康公园，福民花园，圆洲角公园，元洲仔公园，完善公园，梅树坑游乐场，粉岭康乐公园，粉岭游乐场，小沥源路游乐场，大埔旧墟游乐场，白石角海滨长廊，马鞍山海滨长廊，保荣路游乐场，博雅山庄，香港天文公园，船舶公园 |
天水围公园，天秀路公园，屯门公园，元朗公园，香港湿地公园，蝴蝶湾公园，荃湾公园，荃湾海滨公园，青衣公园，青衣海滨公园，青衣东北公园，城门谷公园，葵涌公园，中葵涌公园，石荫梨木道公园，西楼角花园，赛马会德华公园，杨小坑锦簇花园，天河路游乐场，湖山游乐场，皇珠路游乐场，海皇路游乐场，青善游乐场，屯门河畔公园，湖山河畔公园，中山公园，历奇公园，老鼠洲儿童游乐场，荃景围游乐场，青田游乐场，香港国际机场古窑公园，香港国际机场古物园 |
地标街景
维多利亚港（英语：VictoriaHarbour），简称维港，是位于香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港，是亚洲第一、世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深，为天然良港，香港亦因而有“东方之珠”、“世界三大天然良港”及“世界三大夜景”之美誉。维多利亚港的名字，来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力，后来从清政府手上夺得香港，发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化，主导香港的经济和旅游业发展，是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。 | |
国际金融中心（简称国金；英文：InternationalFinanceCentre，IFC）是香港作为世界级金融中心的著名地标，位于香港岛中环金融街8号，面向维多利亚港。著名美籍建筑师CésarPelli及香港建筑师严迅奇合作设计而成，总楼面面积达43万6千平方米。现为恒基兆业集团和香港金融管理局的总部所在地。 | |
青马大桥自1997年5月开放通车以来，青马大桥成为连接大屿山香港国际机场及市区的干线公路，不单是香港一个主要的建筑标志，更是全球最长的行车及铁路吊桥。它全长2.2公里，壮观恢宏的气势完全超越了美国的金门大桥。 | |
香港故宫文化博物馆由故宫博物院与香港西九文化区管理局合作建立，预计将于2022年6月底开馆迎客。开馆之后，800多件来自故宫博物院的珍贵文物将于9个展厅展出，主题包括紫禁城建筑、清代宫廷生活、文化传承工作等，其中两成是国家一级文物。 |
著名人物
科学界
高锟、丘成桐、崔琦、简悦威、邓青云、徐立之、萧荫堂、支志明、黄乃正、汪正平、叶玉如、梁智仁、任咏华、范上达、袁国勇、王永雄、卢煜明、沈祖尧、陈繁昌、莫毅明、叶嘉安等。
体育界
容国团，出生于香港，中国的第一个体育世界冠军。1950年代返回中国内地，1959年第25届世界杯乒乓球锦标赛夺得男子单打冠军。
李丽珊，在香港长洲出生和长大，1996年亚特兰大奥运会上为香港夺得滑浪风帆的金牌。
张家朗，在2020东京奥运会男子花剑个人赛中为香港赢得首枚奥运击剑金牌，这也是香港第二枚奥运金牌。
何诗蓓，在2020东京奥运会上获得200米自由泳比赛银牌、100米自由泳比赛银牌，是首位在同一届奥运会上获得两枚奥运奖牌的香港运动员。
文艺界
饶宗颐，香港著名国学大师。
金庸（查良镛），香港报人兼作家，新派武侠小说代表作家。
香港作家还包括李碧华、亦舒、林燕妮、梁凤仪、梁羽生、黄沾、倪匡等。
香港漫画家有黄玉郎、冯志明、梁进、马荣成、王泽等。
香港歌星有许冠杰、林子祥、陈百强、谭咏麟、张国荣、梅艳芳、罗文、徐小凤、黄家驹、叶倩文、林忆莲、陈慧娴、张学友、周华健、刘德华、黎明、郭富城、陈奕迅等。
香港影星有成龙、洪金宝、周星驰、周润发、梁朝伟、刘德华、梁家辉、曾志伟、吴孟达、甄子丹、钟楚红、张曼玉、古天乐、刘青云、朱茵等。
荣誉称号
《2016年世界竞争力年报》全球最具竞争力经济体 | 2016年6月 |
《2017年世界竞争力年报》全球最具竞争力经济体 | 2017年6月 |
第23期“全球金融中心指数”第3位 | 2018年3月 |
《2018年世界竞争力年报》全球第二 | 2018年5月 |
中国最安全城市排行榜第1位 | 2018年7月 |
2018年全球创新指数第14名 | 2018年7月 |
第24期“全球金融中心指数”第3位 | 2018年9月 |
加拿大菲沙研究所《世界经济自由度2018年度报告》全球最自由经济体 | 2018年9月 |
世界银行全球营商环境报告排名第五 | 2018年10月 |
中国城市综合竞争力排行榜第1位 | 2018年10月 |
世界经济论坛全球竞争力报告排名第七 | 2018年10月 |
《2018自然指数－科研城市》全球科研城市50强 | 2018年11月 |
世界城市排名第三位 | 2018年11月 |
全球最受欢迎旅游城市榜首（连续8年） | 2018年12月 |
美国传统基金会《经济自由度指数》报告“全球最自由经济体”（连续25年） | 2019年1月 |
第25期“全球金融中心指数”第3位 | 2019年3月 |
《2019年世界竞争力年报》全球第二 | 2019年5月 |
2019全球城市指数报告《全球城市综合排名》第五 | 2019年5月 |
2019新华-波罗的海国际航运中心发展指数全球第二 | 2019年7月 |
2019年全球创新指数第13名 | 2019年7月 |
2019世界旅游城市发展排行榜第七名 | 2019年9月 |
加拿大菲沙研究所《世界经济自由度2019年度报告》全球最自由经济体 | 2019年9月 |
第26期“全球金融中心指数”第3位 | 2019年9月 |
2018年全球城市可持续竞争力排名第六 | 2019年9月 |
世界经济论坛2019全球竞争力报告排名第3 | 2019年10月 |
世界银行《2020年营商环境报告》排名第3 | 2019年10月 |
2018-2019年度中国城市品牌前10强 | 2019年12月 |
2019年全球城市500强排名第9 | 2019年12月 |
世界正义工程《2020年法治指数》世界第16 | 2020年3月 |
GaWC世界城市排名第三位 | 2020年8月 |
加拿大菲沙研究所《世界经济自由度2020年度报告》全球最自由经济体 | 2020年9月 |
2020年全球创新指数第11位 | 2020年9月 |
2020中国宜居宜业城市 | 2020年11月 |