Thedeterminationofindividuallabortimeandthequantityofcommodityvalue
Thedeterminationofthequantityofcommodityvalueisfirstofallthroughthecompetitionamongcommodityproducerswithintheproductiondepartmenttoconvertindividuallabortimeintosociallynecessarylabortime,Theprocessoftransformingindividualvalueintosocialvalue,thatis,marketvalue.
Assumingthatthesupplyanddemandofgoodsinthemarketarebalancedandthereisnocompetition,theproductionconditionsofacertainproductiondepartmentaredividedintothreetypes:good,mediumandinferior.Then,thedeterminationofthevalueofgoodshasthefollowingthreesituations:
First,intheproductionofthissector,ifmediumproductionconditionsdominate,andproductsproducedundermediumproductionconditionsaccountforthevastmajorityofproductsinthissector,thenthenecessarylabortimefortheproductionofthiscommoditywillbeItisdeterminedbytheindividuallaborhoursofcommoditiesproducedundermediumproductionconditions,andthesocialvalueofcommoditiesisdeterminedbytheindividualvaluesofcommoditiesproducedundermediumproductionconditions.
Secondly,intheproductionofthissector,ifinferiorproductionconditionsdominate,andproductsproducedunderinferiorproductionconditionsaccountforthevastmajorityofproductsinthissector,thenthesocietythatproducesthiscommodityThenecessarylabortimeisdeterminedbytheindividuallabortimeofcommoditiesproducedunderinferiorproductionconditions,andthesocialvalueofcommoditiesisdeterminedbytheindividualvalueofcommoditiesproducedbyinferiorproductionconditions.
Thirdly,intheproductionofthissector,ifsuperiorproductionconditionsdominate,andproductsproducedundersuperiorproductionconditionsaccountforthevastmajorityofproductsinthissector,thenthesocietythatproducesthiscommodityNecessarylabortimeisdeterminedbytheindividuallabortimeofcommoditiesproducedundersuperiorproductionconditions,andthesocialvalueofcommoditiesisdeterminedbytheindividualvalueofcommoditiesproducedundersuperiorproductionconditions.
Ifthemarketsupply-demandrelationshipandmarketcompetitionareintroduced,andthemarketsupply-demandrelationshipisassumedtobebalanced,intheproductionofthissector,mediumproductionconditionsdominate.Productionconditionsaredeterminedbytheindividuallaborhoursoftheproductionofcommodities,andthesocialvalueofthiscommodityisdeterminedbytheindividualvaluesofcommoditiesproducedundermediumproductionconditions.Inthisway,thedeterminationoftheamountofcommodityvaluehasthefollowingsituations:
1.Ifthesupplyofcommoditiesinthemarketexceedsdemandandthepricerises,notonlywilltheprofitvolumeofenterpriseswithexcellentandmediumproductionconditionsincreaseintheproductionofthiskindofcommodity,butalsohaveinferiorproducts.Enterpriseswithproductionconditionsarealsoprofitabletoproducethiskindofgoods,soalargenumberofenterpriseswithinferiorproductionconditionshavepouredin,resultingininferiorproductionconditionsdominatingtheproductionofthissector,andthenumberoftheirproductsaccountedforthevastmajorityofproductsinthissector.Inthisway,thesociallynecessarylabortimetoproducethiskindofcommodityisdeterminedbytheindividuallabortimeofthecommodityproducedunderinferiorproductionconditions,andthesocialvalueofthiskindofcommodityisdeterminedbytheindividualvalueofthecommodityproducedunderinferiorproductionconditions.
2.Ifthesupplyofgoodsonthemarketexceedsdemandandpricesfall,enterpriseswithinferiorproductionconditionsorevensomeenterpriseswithintermediateproductionconditionswillwithdrawfromtheranksofproduction,resultinginsuperiorproductionconditionsdominatingtheproductionofthisdepartment.Commoditiesproducedundertheseconditionsaccountforthevastmajorityoftheproductsinthissector.Inthisway,thesociallynecessarylabortimefortheproductionofthiscommodityisdeterminedbytheindividuallabortimeofthecommoditiesproducedunderthesuperiorproductionconditions,andtheindividualvalueofthecommoditiesproducedunderthesuperiorproductionconditionsItdeterminesthesocialvalueofthecommodity.
3.Inthisway,theconstantchangesinmarketsupplyanddemand,thefluctuationofpricesandtheconstantchangesinproductionconditionscausedbymarketcompetition,finally,theindividuallabortimeofcommodityproducerstoproducegoodsistransformedintosociallynecessarylabortime.Theindividualvalueofcommoditiesistransformedintosocialvalue.
Theabovesituationshowsthattheprocessoftransformingindividuallabortimeintosociallynecessarylabortimeandindividualvalueintosocialvalueistheindividualproductionconditionsoftheproductionofgoods,individuallabortime,andtheweightedaverageprocessoftheindividualvalueofthegoods.
Fromthis,wecandrawthefollowingconclusions:theproductionconditionthatdeterminesthevalueofacommodityistheaveragesocialproductioncondition,andthesociallynecessarylabortimethatdeterminesthevalueofthecommodityisthesocialaveragelabortimeforproducingthecommodity;thesocialvalueofthecommoditycanbeItcanberegardedastheaveragevalueofthegoodsproducedbyadepartment(theaveragehereisaweightedaverage);itcanalsoberegardedastheindividualproductofthecommoditythatconstitutesalargenumberofproductsproducedinthedepartmentundertheaverage(weightedaverage)productionconditionsofthedepartment.value.
Therelationshipbetweenindividuallabortimeandsociallynecessarylabortime
Ingeneral,sociallynecessarylabortimereferstotheaveragelabortimeoftheentiresocietyfortheproductionofthesamecommodity(itdeterminesthevalueofthecommodity)Individuallabortimeisthelabortimeactuallyconsumedbyeachcommodityproducertoproducethiscommodity.(Itdetermineshowmuchprofitthebusinessmakes)