method

WordInterpretation

BasicInformation

[Pinyin]:fāngfǎ

[WordMeaning]:Methodsareusedtosimulatetheabilities,actionsorbehaviorsoftheclass,generallynouns.

[Synonyms]:measures,methods,countermeasures

Interpretation

1.(名)referstowaystosolveproblems,Procedures,etc.

Composition

Parallelformula:square+method

Examples

Works~verygood.(Assubject)

Basicexplanation

(3)Nowreferstotheways,steps,methods,etc.takentoachieveacertainpurpose

inthesoftwareprogramminglanguage,Ifyoudefineafunctionaspartoftheclassdefinitionorbindittoanobject,thefunctioniscalledamethod

Citationexplanation

1. Themethodofmeasuringsquare."Mozi·Tianzhizhong":"Hewhoisinthemiddleofmymomentiscalledtheprescription,andthepersonwhoisnotinthemiddleofmymomentiscalledthewrong.Itisknownbytheprescriptionandthewrong.Whatisthereasonforthis,Themethodisobvious."

2. Themethod;theway."TheHundredParables·Theoralrecitationofthemethodofridingaboatbutnottheinterpretationofmetaphors":"Thiseldersonisgoodatrecitethemethodofenteringtheseatocatchaboat:Ifyouentertheturbulentplaceofthesea,youshouldcatchitlikethis,soyesJustlivelikethis."TangHanyu,"PrefacetoSendHanShiyutotheRuler":"﹝HanChonghua﹞makeshimclosetotheground...andrunsforit.ItissuitableforAiharatoteachthemethod,soitistwoconsecutivetimes.Oldandmature."Volume117of"ZhuZiyuLei":"Bofengistalented,andtherearemethodsforstudyingdiligentlyandobservingtheofficials."BingXin"GoingSouth":"[I]excepttohandovereverything.ThereisnootherwayexcepttoGod."

3. Alchemy,spell.TangZhangji'spoem"Shuhuai":"Don'taskformethodsfromcyclists,andaskforsufferingfromthemonk'shouse."Italsoreferstotechnique;technique.Theseventhchapterof"TheLegendofHeroes":"The"sword"iseightfeetinlength,andtheeldestbrotherdanceslikeaflowerwheel.Onlytheswordcanbeseenintheair,butnooneisseen.Thismethodislearnedfromthere."QingZhangYunjin,"Guozhixiang""Poem:"Leaveagoodstoryonthemethodofmakingsoup,butitwillbethesong'swife."

4. Rules."Preface":"Themethodofthinkinginimagesisthebasicmethodofpoetryandallliterarycreation."BaJin"ExplorationCollection·ExplorationIII":"Myexplorationisdifferentfromthatofordinarywriters.IhaveneverIhaven’tthoughtaboutcreativemethods,expressionmethods,techniques,etc."

MethodsandMeans

DifferenceswithMeans

Methodsandmeansareindispensableintermediaryelementsforpeopletodothingssuccessfullyorformanagerstoachievemanagementgoals.Sincethetwoplaybasicallythesameroleintheprocessofdoingthings,peopleoftenconfusethemandreplaceeachother.Infact,thetwomanifestationsarecompletelydifferent,andascientificmanagershoulddistinguishbetweenthem.

First,Chinahasusedtheword"method"veryearly.

2400yearsago,Mozisaid:"Today'shusbandturnspeople(todoThecraftsmanofthecarwillusetherulestomeasuretheroundnessandnon-roundnessintheworld.Thosewhosaythattheyareroundarecalledround,andthosewhoarenotroundarecallednon-round.Therefore,bothroundnessandnon-roundnesscanbeobtainedandknown.What'sthereasonforthis?Thecircleisclear.Thecraftsmanalsoexerciseshisrighttomeasurethesquareandthewrongoftheworld.TheonewhoisinJapaniscalledthesquare,andtheonewhoisnotintherightiscalledthewrong,itistheoldone.Youcangetitandknowit.What'sthereasonforthis?Themethodisalso"("Mozi·Tianzhi").Itcanbeseenthattherearenofixedrulesfortheoriginalmethodorcirclemethod,buttheyareallproducedfromtheworkofcarpentry.Becausepeopledothingsrelativelysimple,theycanachievethetaskaslongastheyoperateaccordingtotherulesandregulations.Effect.Therefore,peopletendtopaymoreattentiontothelatterintermsofworkingmethodsandworkingmethodsortools.

2.Methodsandmeans

1.Means

FromMarx’sanalysisoflabormeansItcanbeseenthatthebiggestfeatureofthemeansistheexistenceoftheentityform,whichis"athingoracomplexofthings",whichactsontheobjectiveobjectthroughitsownmechanical,physicalandchemicalproperties.("Capital",vol.1,p.173)Humanbeingsfirstusedprocessedstonesasamaterialmeansoftheirownactivities,sothemeansarealsocalledtools,thatis,theextensionofhumanorgans.Today,itisalsoreferredtoashardwareorhardequipment,suchasvariousmachineryandequipment,variouselements,componentsanddevicesthatmakeupacomputer.

2.Method

Althoughthemethodisalsocalledameansofactivity,itisnotamaterializedmeans.Itishumanbeings’understandingoftheobjectiveworldandThesumofcertainmethods,approaches,andproceduresthatshouldbefollowedtotransformtheobjectiveworld.Therefore,Hegelalsocalledthemethodsubjectivemeans.Hesaid:"Amethodisatool.Itisacertainsubjectivemeans,andthesubjectiveaspecthasarelationshipwiththeobjectthroughthismeans..."Vol.38,p.236)BritishphilosopherBaconcalledmethod"thetooloftheheart",andhisbookonmethodwasnamed"TheNewTool".Asignpostinatragicpath,itsfunctionisto"providehintsorwarningstoreason."(Bacon:"NewTools",quoted"ThePhilosophyofWesternEuropeanCountriesintheSixteenthandEighteenthCenturies",publishedbySanlianBookstorein1958,p.9).Therefore,ifthemethodisalsotoberegardedasatoolormeans,itcanonlyberegardedasatoolormeansforexpandingthehumanbrain,thatis,softwaretoday,suchasinstructingacomputertoperformcalculations,judgments,andAprogramsystemforprocessinginformation.

3.Theoriginoftheword"method"

Somepeoplesaythattheword"method"isderivedfromtheGreekwordandcontains"along"and""Road"meansthecorrectwayorroadthatpeoplechoosefortheiractivities.Idon'tknowthattheword"method"isnotonlyusedearlyinourcountry,butalsohasthesamemeaningastheGreekword"method".Theysay"method"means"therulesofdoingthings."("ChineseDictionary"Volume15,page230)"Thelaw,thedeedsofwonderfuldeeds."("ChineseDictionary"Volume19,p.115pages).Howaccurateisittothinkofmethodsastherulesortracks,paths,routes,orroutesthatpeopleshouldfollowtodothingsingeniouslyoreffectively.Foranymanagementconceptorphrasetobeexplained,ittakesalotofefforttofindtheanswerintheWest.Isn'tthisamanifestationofself-defeatingness?

Four.Examplesofmethodsandmeans

Example1,thesharpknifeusedtosolvethecowItistheeffectivemeansortooltosolvethecow.Thisiswhatpeopleemphasizedthat"workersmustfirstsharpentheirtoolsiftheywanttodogoodthings."(TheAnalectsofConfucius·WeiLinggongPian).Thisiswhatpeopleoftensay,"Handsarenotasgoodasaguy."Togetthingsdone,youmustfirsthaveahandytool.PaoDingknowsthestructureofthecowbodyverywell,andcan"gowiththeflow".Hedoesnotneedtosharpentheknifeoncein19years,andtheefficiencyofthecowisveryhigh,undoubtedlyrelyingonthemethodofsolvingthecow(see"Zhuangzi·TheLordofHealthCareThird","LuShiChunqiuVolumeNine·Proficient").Thisiswhatpeoplesay,"Theremustbealaw,andthenitcanbedone."("Mengzi'sNotes")Thereisacertainwaytodothingstosucceed.

Example2,smartdoctorsalwaysprescribetherightmedicineforthepatient'scondition.Themethodsoffluoroscopy,laboratorytests,etc.usedtofindoutthecauseofthedisease,aswellastheuseofdrugs,injections,andacupunctureduringtreatment,areallmethodsoftreatment.AsadoctoroftraditionalChinesemedicinewithexcellentmedicalskills,accordingtothecondition,whethertotakethecorrectivetreatmentorthecounter-treatment,whethertotreattherootcauseorthesymptomsfirst,andusesweat,vomiting,vomiting,healing,clearing,warming,eliminating,andreplenishingtherapies.Howtoselectthemedicineaccordingtotheruleofthemonarch(primarymedicine),minister(medicinethatassistsandstrengthenstheeffectivenessoftheprimarymedicine),adjuvant(medicinethatassiststheprimarymedicinetomakeitsmedicinalpropertiesortoxicitynottoopartial),andhowThebestcompatibilityofthedrugsintroducedtothesiteofthediseaseisatreatmentmethod.Therefore,ifthedoctorwantstoobtainthecurativeeffectofthedisease,itisnotenoughtohavemedicine,anditisalsoimpossibletohavemedicinewithoutprescription.Todoanythingeffectively,wemustcombinemethodsandmeans.

Fifth,itiscommonplacetoconfusemethodsandmeans

Example1,methodsandmeans,indictionariesandmanagementbooksIn,oftenthetwoareindistinguishable,andtheyareannotationstoeachother.Forexample,"means"are"methodsandmeasurestakentoachieveacertaingoal"("CiHai"1977abbreviatededition,p.1450)or"aspecificmethodadoptedtoachieveacertaingoal"("ModernChineseTherevisededitionoftheDictionary,publishedbytheCommercialPressin1999,p.1161).Itissaidthat"method"is"themeansofdealingwiththings.""("XinhuaDictionary))PublishedbytheCommercialPressin1980,page111)Mutualannotationofmethodsandmeans,whichcanalsobeseeneverywhereinmanagementworks,andwillbebrieflylisted.

Example2Inordertoemphasizetheimportanceofworkingmethodsindoingthings,MaoZedonggavearareexampleofcrossingtheriverwithbridgesandboats.Hesaid:"Wemustnotonlyproposetasks,butalsosolvethemethodstocompletethem.problem.Ourtaskistocrosstheriver,butwecannotcrossitwithoutabridgeorboat.Ifyoudon'tsolvetheproblemofbridgesorboats,crossingtheriverisemptytalk.Ifyoudon’tsolvetheproblemofthemethod,thetaskisjustnonsense.”(SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol.1,p.134)Itisactuallyanimproperviewtothinkthatbridgesandboatsarewaystocrosstheriver.Bridgesandboatsarethephysicalintermediaryfactorsthatpeopleusetoachievethetaskofcrossingtheriverbyvirtueoftheirphysicalproperties.Means.Howtocrossthebridgeandhowtousetheboatisthewaytoachievethetaskofcrossingtheriver,thatis,thespiritualintermediaryfactorforpeopletodothingseffectively.Forexample,anexperiencedcommander,whenleadingabrigadeacrossasimplebridge,alwayswalksdown.Walkthepassword,changetheformationintooneortworows,andlettheformationthatthebridgecanbeartopassthrough,soastopreventtheoverweightortheresonancegeneratedwhenwalkingforward,causingthebridgetocollapse.Similarly,whenusingaboattocrosstheriver,itshouldbebasedonthesizeandsizeoftheboat.Thestructure,thewidthoftheriver,thespeedofthewaterandthesizeofthewindandwavesdeterminethenumberofpeoplepaddlingontheboat,thenumberofpeoplewhocrosstherivereachtime,andthecourseoftheboatcrossingtheriver.Theseareallmethodsofusingaboat.

Learningmethodisamethodofquicklymasteringknowledgesummarizedthroughstudyandpractice.Becauseitisrelatedtotheefficiencyoflearningandmasteringknowledge,moreandmorepeoplepayattentiontoit.Thereisnouniformruleforlearningmethod,becauseindividualconditionsaredifferent.,Themethodofselectionisalsodifferent.Amongthem,somespecial-orientedlearningandtrainingmethods,suchasshorthandandspeedreading,canbeenlighteningandreferenceforotherlearners.

TechnicalDefinition

Inpeople'spurposefulactions,aseriesofactionswithspecificlogicalrelationshipsareusedtocompletespecifictasks.Thesetofactionswithspecificlogicalrelationshipsiscalledawayforpeopletodothings..

Accordingtothisdefinition,peopleformamethodeverytimetheyactwithapurpose.However,mostofthewordmethodinpeople’sactuallanguagehasgonethroughanabstractprocess,thatistosay,everyAconfirmedmethodisageneralizationofsomecommoncharacteristicsoftheactioncombinationlogicinasetofworkprocesses.Theactionprocesswithsomecommonlogiccharacteristicsformsamethod.Thisgeneralizationhighlightstheprocessintheprocess.Somefeaturesareneglected.So,wedefinethemethodasfollows:

[Definition]Intheactionsetofanumberofpeopledoingthings,iftheactionlogicoftheseprocesseshasacommonfeaturesetA,weItissaidthattheseprocesseshaveadoptedmethodA.

Thisdefinitioncanalsobeexpressedas:letFbeasetofprocessesbywhichpeopledothings,andAisasetofprocesscharacteristics,ifanyfandfbelongingtoFareThelogicalrelationshipfeaturesetoftheincludedactionsetcontainsA,thenwesaythattheprocessesintheFsetusemethodA.(Special:Fcontainsonlyoneelement).

Inlayman'sterms,theso-calledMethodisthewayinwhichaseriesofactionsintheprocessofpeopledothings.Amethodisageneralizationoftheparticularityofthiswayofassociation.InEnglish,Wayhasseveralmeanings:way,way,andmethod.ChineseChinesemethods,methods,andpaths(paths)areoftencommon,andonemoremethodhasonemorepath.

Inmethodresearch,itisusuallyafieldinwhichpeopledothings.Forexample,themethodinmanagementiscalledmanagementmethod,themethodinpredictioniscalledpredictionmethod,themethodinphysicsresearchorthemethodthatusesthephysicalpropertiesofsubstancesiscalledphysicalmethod,andthemethodusedinqualitymanagementiscalledqualitymanagementmethod,agriculturalproductionThemethodofirrigatingfieldsinthemiddleiscalledirrigationmethod,andsoon.

Acomplexactivitycontainsmanypartsandmanylinks,andeachpartandeverylinkhasitsownmethod.Forexample,therearequalitymanagementmethods,marketingmethods,informationtransmissionmethods,decision-makingmethods,andpersonnelmanagementmethodsincorporatemanagement.Thereareeconomicplanningmethods,fiscalbudgetingmethods,law-makingmethods,administrativemethods,andsooninstatemanagement.Ineachofourlives,therearemethodsoflife,learningmethods,makingfriends,consumptionmethods,andsoon.Therefore,thestudyofvariousmethodsinhumanactivitiesisthebasicandcoretaskofvarioustechnicalsciences.Asafieldofhumanmanagementactivities,systematicevaluationhasformedvariousmethodsystems,suchasmethodsforestablishingindexsystems,methodsforformulatingweights,methodsforindexsynthesis,methodsforformulatingstandards,methodsforinvestigationandtesting,andeffectivenessanalysis.Method,etc.

Asynonymformethodistechnology,whichgivespeopletheimpressionthatthemethodismorepopularandthetechnologyismoreelegant.Inthe21stcentury,peopleincreasinglyliketousethetermtechnology.Forexample,forecastingmethodsarecalledforecastingtechniques,managementmethodsarecalledmanagementtechniques,experimentalmethodsarecalledexperimentaltechniques,andsoon.

Psychologicalresearchmethods

1. Experimentaldesign:laboratoryexperiment

2. Psychophysicalmethod:naturalexperiment3Observationmethod:Self-observationmethod

3. Introspectionmethod

4. Spokenrecording

5. Questionnairemethod

6. Semanticdifferencemethod

7. Interviewmethod

8. Filemethod:Biographymethod

9. Simulationmethod

10. Psychologicalstatistics:multivariateanalysis,factoranalysis,etc.

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11. Psychologicalmeasurement

12. Reliability

13. Validity

14. AptitudeTest

15. IntelligenceTest:IQ,IQ,Binet-SimonScale,Stanford-BinetIntelligenceScale,WexLeAdultIntelligenceScale,WexlerIntelligenceScaleforSchool-ageChildren,WexlerIntelligenceScaleforPreschoolChildren,GesellInfantDevelopmentScale,BaileyInfantDevelopmentScale,NeonatalBehaviorRatingScale,DenverDevelopmentalScreeningTest,MobaScale,PainterTest,LeiterInternationalOperationalScale,BenderVisualGestaltTest,PeabodyPictureVocabularyTest,PingpeiOperationalScale,ArmyGroupIntelligenceTest,SpecialAbilityTest,WestshoreMusicTalentMeasurement,MeyerArtJudgmentTest,etc.

16. PersonalityTests:Children’sPersonalityQuestionnaire,CaliforniaPersonalityQuestionnaire,MinnesotaPolyphasicPersonalityQuestionnaire,EysenckPersonalityQuestionnaire,EdwardsPersonalHobbyScale,SignificantAnxietyScale,themeperceptiontest,Rorschachtest,charactereducationresearchtest,etc.

17. Hallstead-RetanNeuropsychologicalKit①Socialmeasurement②Casestudy③Developmentresearch④Cross-culturalresearch⑤Psychologicalinstrument:tachometer,physicalmirror,Colorwheel,flashfusiondevice,rodframeadjuster,depthsensor,audiometer,paintester,memorydrum,polygraph,skinnerbox,maze,Rushleyplatform,etc.

PhilosophicalMethod

Therearegeneralmethodsandspecificmethodsinphilosophy.Eachsciencehasitsownspecificmethod.Thecategoryofmethodsinphilosophyisdifferentfromthespecificmethodsofspecificscience,anditisalsodifferentfromthegeneralmethodsofdifferentfields.Itisthemostgeneralmethodofnature,society,andthinking!Themethodinthemethodologymeansthis.

Modelingdefinition

Inabroadsense:themethodistheconditionofsolvingtheproblem[tosolvetheproblemistochangetheproblemtomeettherequiredstandard].Theessenceofthemethodisaqualitativeframework.Thenatureofthisframeworkdetermineshowtheproblemtobesolvedchangesastheenergyneededtosolvetheproblem(herereferstotheenergyinabroadsense)changes.

Differentmethodshavedifferentframeworksforsolvingproblems,sodifferentmethodshavedifferentefficiencyinsolvingproblems.

Modelingdefinition

Inabroadsense:themethodistheconditionofsolvingtheproblem[tosolvetheproblemistochangetheproblemtomeettherequiredstandard].Theessenceofthemethodisaqualitativeframework.Thenatureofthisframeworkdetermineshowtheproblemtobesolvedchangesastheenergyneededtosolvetheproblem(herereferstotheenergyinabroadsense)changes.

Differentmethodshavedifferentframeworksforsolvingproblems,sodifferentmethodshavedifferentefficiencyinsolvingproblems.

RelatedQuotes

Learningdoesnotmeanimitatingsomething,butmasteringskillsandmethods.——Gorky

Allpeopletakehappinessastheirgoal;noexception,nomatterhowdifferentthemethodstheyuse,everyoneismovingtowardsthesamegoalgoahead.——Pascal

Computerswillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinmathematicalresearch;usingcomputerstosolvemathematicalproblemswillencouragepeopletoseekbetterandsimplermethods,andDeepenpeople'sunderstandingoftheessentialcharacteristicsofmathematics,andalsopromotethedevelopmentofcomputer-basedartificialintelligence.——ZhouHaizhong

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