Originalwork
MiscellaneousNotesinPrison1
Kangxi51March,YuZaiXingbuPrison2,thosewhosawtheirdeathsandcameoutofthesinuses,threepeopleonDay4,3.ThereisaHongdongOrderDuJun4,andhesaid5:"Thisepidemicisalso6.TodayisShunzheng7,thedeadarestillrare,asmanyasdozensofpeopleintheolddays."Yuknocked,so8.DuJunsaid:"Itisdiseaseandeasytobecontagious.Althoughtheeldersdon’tdaretoliedowntogether,eventhoughtheybelongto9.Theprisonhasfouroldprisonsandfiverooms.Thejailerisinthecenter,andheisinfrontofhim.Withbrightlight10,therearewindowsatthepolesofthehousetoreachtheair11.Thenextfourroomshavenothing,buttheprisonersareoftenmorethan200.Everytwilightisdownthepipekey12,allthearrowsareclosed,13,whichisweakwiththediet14,itismidwinter,thepoorarelyingontheground,springisalive,andthereisnoepidemic.Thelawisestablishedinprison,andtheenlightenmentkey15isclear.IntheFangYe,thelivingandthedeadliesidebyside16,thereisnowaytoavoid17sup>,therearesomanypeoplewhoareaffectedbythis.Butthestranger,thethievesandthethieves18,themurderandtheprisoners,theanger19,thepeoplewhoareaffectedbythis,Ortherewillbe20,andhisdeathis21,allofwhicharelightlyrelatedandimplicated22whichisnotcoveredbythecorroborationlaw."
Yusaid:"ThecapitalhasJingzhaoPrison23,andtheFiveCityImperialHistoryDivision24.WhyaretheresomanyprisonersinthePenalDepartment?"DuJunsaid:"Thelastyear'sprisonlitigation25,thesituationisalittleheavier,JingzhaoandWuchengdidnotdaretoarbitrarilydecide;andthenineadmiral'sinterviewsfortheinvestigationandexamination26allbelongtotheMinistryofCriminalAffairs;Andthefourteenthdirectorsandvicelordswhoaregooddeeds,bookofficials,prisonofficers,andjailers27,therearemorepeoplewhoareinterested,andtherearefewconnections,somorewillbedirectedto28.Gougoestojail,regardlessofwhetherheisguiltyornot,hemustusehishandsandfeet29,placetheoldprisoner,andmakethehardshipintolerable30,andthenguidetotaketheguarantee31>,livingoutside,measureallthefamily’spossessionstobe32,andtheofficialsandofficialsaredivided.Abovethemiddlefamily,allofthemareexhaustedtoobtaininsurance33;Itcoststensofdollarstogetridofweaponsinaboardhouseoutsidetheprison.However,ifyouareextremelypoorandhavenosupport,theweaponssystemisnotalittlewider.Thestandardistopolicetherest34.Outside,themildandinnocentpeoplesufferfromthepoison35.Accumulatinganxietyandanger,sleepingandeatingviolations36,andillness,andnomedicine,oftendie."Thegoodnessoflife37ofFushimiShengisthesameasthatofWangSheng.Everywordofimprisonment38mustsurviveindeath,andeventheinnocent.ThegentlemanofabenevolentgentlemanisShangChangyan39:Inadditiontothedeathpenaltyandseriousoffenders,thelighterandunresolvedpersonsinvolvedare40,don’tsetaside41,noarms,handsandfeet.Canallthelivesbecounted?Oritcouldbesaid:"Theoldprisonhasroomfive,thenameisthecurrentprison,andthosewhohavenotsettledthelawsuitliveinit.Theoldclassic42canbesupplemented.DuJunsaid:"ShangTuiEn43,thehomeboardhouseofeveryofficialofficial.Todaythepooraretransferredtotheoldprison,andtherobbershaveHOS.Hereyoucangoto44!Ifyoudon’twanttosetupaseparateone,itisalso45fortherootsofthesource."YuTong,ZhuWeng,YuSheng46andthesameofficialmonkinprison47,diedfromtheepidemicandshouldnotbepunishedseverely.Theotherfamilylitigatedhissonforunfilialpiety.Theneighborweaponsystementeredtheoldprison,andthenamewascalledDadan.YuGanyan,accordingtoDuJun’sgeneralinformation,48,everyonesaidthesame,soitisalmostabook.
Wherethedeathpenaltygoesto>49,theexecutionerfirststayedoutsidethedoortomakehispartyseekproperty,andhisnamewas"Slo"50.Thericharerelatedtotheirrelatives,andthepooraretofacethem.Hiscapitalpunishment51said:"Beingwithmemeanspiercingtheheartfirst;otherwise,ifthelimbsaredismembered,theheartwillnotdie."Hehangs52,andsays:"Followme,thefirsthangistheendofthebreath;otherwise,threehangsandadditionalweapons53,andthenyoudie."Onlythereisnothingtodowith54,butitisstillthefirst55.Withthis,thericharebribedwithtensofhundredsofgold,andthepoorarealsooutofclothes56sup>;ifthereisnoone,thenthecureisasstated.57.Themasterisalso58.Itisbettertobreaktheboneswhenyouwant.EveryyearoldJue59,thehookerisfourteenthree60,theremainingsixteenorsevenaretiedtotheWestMarketonstandby61.Ithurtsthosewhoarebound,Thatis,stayingalive,sickforafewmonthswillbecrippled,orbecomeachronicdisease62.
AfteratasteoftheoldXu,IaskedYan63:"HeThosewhoaretorturedandboundarenotenmity,andexpecttohaveears;ifthereisnothing,theywilleventuallybealittlemoregenerous,notbenevolent?Said:"Itisthelegislationtopolicetherest,andalsotopunishtherest;otherwise,peoplearefortunateto64."Thesamegoesforthemainshackles65.YuTongarrestedthethreepersonswhowereabletoreporttothewoods66:onepersonwasawarded30gold,slightboneinjuries,andmonthsofillness.67;onepersondoublesit,hurtstheskin,andrecovers68;onepersonsixtimes,thatis,walksasusualintheevening.Orkowtow:"Isthesinneruneven?69,sinceeachhasitsowngains,whybotherwiththedifference?Said:"Ifthereisnodifference,whoismoreandmore?""Menciussaid:"Thetechniquemustnotbecarelessly70."Faithfulhusband!
TheoldXuintheMinistryhasafalsesealinhisfamily,andthedocumentgoesdownandstraighttotheprovince71.Ihaveheardofandtransferredthevariousministries72,Idarenotdoit.MeritOrder73:Ifthethievesdidnotkillandhecommittedmultipleaccomplices,onlyoneortwomastermindswouldmakeadecision;YuJingqiuThetrialwillbereducedandotherdistributions.Onthesentenceoftheprison74,thereisadecisionmaker,andtheexecutionerisfirstsenttothedoor.Whenordered,heisboundtogetout,andtheuninhibitedmonkisengraved75Thereisabrotherwithacertainsurnametocontrolthepublicwarehouse,thelawshouldbedecided,andtheprisonhastheright,Xusaid:"Givemeadaughter,Iwilllivelikealife."Knockedonhistechnique,"said:"Itisnotdifficult,itisuniqueinthischapter76,theprisonwordisnoteasy,attheendofthecase,thetwowhoaresingleandhavenorelativeschangedtheirnames.77."Thecolleaguesaid:"Itisthepersonwhocandeceivethedead,butcannotdeceivethemaster78.Ifyoure-apply79,ourgenerationhasnophysicalproblems."XuMousmiledandsaid:"Ifyoure-inviteit,mygenerationhasnophysiology,andthemasterswillalsoleave.Ifhecan'tchangehisofficialwiththefateofthetwo,thenthereisnowayforustodie."Actually,thetwoattheendofthecasemadeadecision.Themasteruttered80,andfinallydidnotdaretoquestion.Iwasstillinprison,andIstillsawacertainsurname.Thecrowdinprisonsaid:"ItisSomeonewhochangeditshead."Xu'sviolentpawnonacertainevening,everyonethinksthatitwillbe81.
Wherethereisamurder,theprisonwordisinnocent,andtheoldmanis82,JingQiuIfyouenterthesuspicioustrial83,youwillbeexemptedfromdeath.Theofficialis84byingeniousmethod.TherearefourGuos,wherethefourmurders,andthesuspiciousreduction,etc.,willbepardonedatanytime..Comingout,thedayanditsinmateswillhavewineandsingtothedawn.Orknockonthepast,detailthemonebyone,themeaningisbright,ifyouareself-conscious.85.86,thereisnoresponsibility;andtheTaoisnotclear87,andmostofthegoodofficialsalsotakethemeritofextricatingthemselvesfromdeath,anddonotaskfortheirlove.88,thevainpeoplearealso89andtheyareveryembarrassed!
Thetreacherouspeoplehavebeeninprisonforalongtime,andtheyarequiteenviablefromthesubordinates90ThesurnameofShanyinLiisimprisonedformurder,earninghundredsofgoldperyear.InKangxiforty-eightyears,hewaspardoned.Helivedforseveralmonthsandwasindifferent.Thereweremurderersinhisvillage,sohewasinheritedfromgenerationtogeneration.91.Tocoverthelawisnottokillforthereason,itmustbetiedforalongtime,andthereisnowaytodie.In51years,recovery,pardonandsoon,sighed92,sighed:"Ican'tre-enterThat'sit!"Theoldexample93:thebanishedpersonmovedtotheTianfucustody.WhenFangdongstoppedsending,LiJuzhuangaskedtosend94totheprisonwaitinginspring.Soplease,Iamsurprised.
Annotationtranslation
Wordsandsentencesannotation
1.Miscellaneous:Itisakindofessayinancientprose,whichstandsforreason.Recordwhatyouhaveseenandheard.
2.XingbuPrison:AprisonsetupbytheQinggovernment'sPenalDepartment.ThePenalDepartment,MingandQingdynastiessetupsixdepartments,andthePenalDepartmentwasinchargeofcriminallawsuits.
3.Dou(dòu)):Hole,herereferstothesmallholeopenedontheprisonwall.
4.Hongdong(tóng)Order:HongdongCountyOrder.Hongdong,nowHongdongCounty,Shanxi.
5.Work:expressionofexcitement.
6.Epidemicwork:plagueepidemic.
7.Theweatherisnormal:theweatherisnormal.
8.Knockingso:Askthereason.
9.遘(gòu):peoplewhohavethisinfectiousdisease.遘:encounter,suffer,refertothedisease.
10.牖(yǒu)itsFront:Openawindowholeinthefront.Bar,window.
11.Housepole:roof.
12.Twilight:Intheevening.Downthetubekeyandlock.
13.Arrowdrowning:urine.Arrow,thesameas"shit".Drowning,thesameas"urine".
14.Phasethin(bó):mixed,invaded.Thin,approaching.
15.Quality:whenitisdawning.Key:unlock.
16.Lyingontopofeachother(zhǒng):sleepingsidebyside.Heels,heels.Top,Thetopofthehead.
17.Rotation:avoidance.
18.Accumulatedthief:usedtosteal.Accumulation,longtime,habit.
19.Qijiewang:energyParticularlyvigorous.
20.Orchōu(chōu):Somepeoplegetsickandhealedimmediately.瘳,thediseaseishealed.
21.骈(pián)Death:Diedsidebyside.Parallel,combined.
22.Lightline:prisonerofmisdemeanor.Evidence:witness.
23.JingzhaoPrison:TheprisoninBeijing,ThatistheShuntianfuPrisonatthattime.JingzhaoreferstotheShuntianfuincludingthecapitaloftheQingDynasty.
24.WuchengYushiSifang:ItistheprisonoftheWuchengYushiYamen.IntheQingDynasty,thecapitalwassetupforinspection.History,inchargeofthefiveregionsofEast,West,South,North,andCentral,soitiscalledtheFiveCitiesImperialHistory.
25.(ěr)years:recentyears.
26.九GateAdmiral:ThefullnameisthecommanderoftheJiumenInfantry.ThemilitaryofficerinchargeoftheinspectiondutiesoftheNineGatesinBeijing.TheNineGatesrefertoZhengyangmen,Chongwenmen,Xuanwumen,Andingmen,Deshengmen,Dongzhimen,Xizhimen,Chaoyangmen,FuChengmen.Interrogation:Interviewed,arrestedandarrestedpeopleforinterrogation.
27.FourteenDivisionChiefandDeputyLang:IntheearlyQingDynasty,therewere14DivisionsintheCriminalDepartment.Eachdivisionwasadoctorandadeputy.Yuanwailang.Goodthingperson:troublesomeperson.Bookofficial:thelittleofficialwhoisinchargeofthetext.
28.Hookto:Hook,thatis,arrest.
29.Robotichandsandfeet:wearinstrumentsoftortureonhandsandfeet.
30.Bi(bǐ):make.
31.Guidetobail:induceprisonerstospendmoneyonbail.
32.Measuretheirfamily'spossessionsasanagent:measuretheamountoftheirfamilypropertyasabasisforextortion.Agents,coupons,documents.Thisreferstothebasisforthreats.
33.Zhongjia:Thehomeofthemiddleclass.
34.Bethestandardtowarnothers:behavetowarnothers.
35.Sufferfrom(lí)itspoison:sufferfromitspoison.
36.Sleepingandeatingviolations:Sleepingandeatingarenotnormal.
37.Fushimi:Iseeit.Fumeanshumility.Shengshang:Thehonorifictitlegiventotheemperorbythesubjects.ThisreferstoEmperorKangxi.
38.Quality:inquire,judge.
39.On:Theemperor.ChangYan:Dedication.
40.Correction:Conviction.Positive,guilty.
41.Custody:Detention.
42.Oldclassics:thepastsystem.
43.Tweet:Kindness.
44.Xiejie:Godeeper.
45.Tostoptherootcause:removetherootofthemalpracticeandplugthesourceofthemalpractice.
46.ZhuWeng:Unknown.YuSheng:MingZhan,ShiMin,astudentofDaiMingshi.
47.Tongguan:Thenameofthecounty,nowTongchuanCity,Shaanxi.
48.Panxun:Askwidely.
49.Ondeathpenaltyprison:Casesthathavebeensentencedtodeatharereportedforapproval.
50.Slo:Alsousedas"tearing"and"tearing",meaningtoresolveandmanage.
51.Capitalpunishment:LingChi'spunishmentofdeath.Duringexecution,hislimbswereseveredfirst,andhisqiwasseveredlast.
52.Hanging:Hanging.
53.Addotherweapons:addotherinstrumentsoftorture.
54.DaPi:Beheading.To:threaten.
55.Firstofall:Usetheheadasacollateraltoblackmail.
56.Exhausted(qìng):exhausted.
57.Zhizhiassaid:dealwithprisonersastheysay.
58.MasterBinder:Theservantwhoperformsthebondageofprisoners.
59.GrandFinal:TheAutumnFinal.Inthefeudalera,prisonerswereexecutedinautumn.
60.Hooker:InAugusteachyear,theMinistryofCriminalAffairsandJiuqingwilltrydeathsentencedprisonersandsubmitthemtotheEmperor'sJudgment.Iftheemperorhookeditwitharedpen,hewasimmediatelyputtodeath;ifitwasnothooked,theexecutionwassuspended.
61.Xishi:TheplacewhereexecutionswereexecutedinthecapitaloftheQingDynastywasatCaishikou,XuanwuDistrict,Beijingtoday.
62.Diarrhea(gù)disease:adiseasethatisdifficulttocureforalongtime.
63.OldXu:Aveteranofmanyyears.Xu,thelittleofficialinchargeofcopywriting.
64.Fortunately:flukepsychology.
65.Mainshackles:Thosewhospecializeinputtingontortureinstrumentsandhittingboards.
66.Muxun:Usewoodeninstrumentsoftorturesuchasboardsandclampstotortureandinterrogate.
67.Inter-month:morethanamonth.interval.
68.JianXuan:Twotendays,twentydays.
69.Whetherthereisinequality:thatis,thedifferencebetweenrichandpoor.
70.Donotbecarelessaboutthetechnique:"Mencius·GongsunChouPart1":"Areyounotbenevolenttoaperson?Apersonwhoisafraidofnothurtingsomeone,apersonwhoisafraidofhurtingsomeone,andawitchwillalsoOfcourse,youcannotbecarelessaboutthetechnique."Technique:Skill,technique,herereferstooccupation.Itmeansthatchoosingacareermustnotbecareless.
71.Directprovinces:provincesdirectlyunderthejurisdictionofthecourt.
72.Shangwen:Reporttheemperor’sdocuments.Transfertovariousministries:transferdocumentsandnotifyallministriesoftheimperialcourt.Transition,adocumentexchangedbetweenparallelagencies.
73.Meritorders:decreesetbythecourt.
74.Prisonwords:Thetrialhasbeenreported.
75.Uninhibiteddial(guǐ)moment:leavenomoment.Sundialreferstoashortperiodoftime.
76.Uniquechapter:writeamemorialandsubmitit.
77.Whenthesealisplayed,itiseasytochange:Whenthesealisaskedtoplaytheemperor,hesecretlychangedit.
78.Master(yàn):theofficialresponsibleforthetrial.谳,trialandconviction.
79.Ifyoure-apply:Ifyoure-play,askforinstructions.
80.Mouth呿(qū)Tongue挢(jiǎo):openmouthandtongue.Hey,Ican'tspeakwithmymouthopen.Tongueclasped,tongueraised.Describethelookofsurprise.
81.Underworld:PunishedbytheYinCaoJifu.
82.Noconspiracy,deceased:notpremeditatedordeliberatelymurdered.
83.矜(jīn)suspicion:Referstocaseswherethesentimentispitifulandthematterissuspicious.Pity,pity,regret.Duringtheautumntrial,theMinistryofCriminalJusticedividedvariousdeathpenaltycasesintofourcategories:factual,suspended,suspect,andsuspicious.Thelattertwocategoriescanbereducedorwaived.
84.Clevermethod:takeclevertricksandplaytrickswithlaws.
85.矜诩(xǔ):showoff.
86.Xiè(xiè):dirty.Prison:betrayedinprisonlawsuits.
87.TheTaoisunclear:thetruthoftheworldisunknown.
88.Love:Referstotherealsituation.
89.Peopleinvain:makethepeoplewronged.
90.Qi(jī)Xian:Wintherest.
91.Actingonbehalfof:undertakeonbehalfof.
92.Amnestyreduction,etc.:Sentencereductionaccordingtotheamnestyregulations.Retirement:Distributethearmy.
93.Theoldcase:theoldcase.
94.Appealtobeinprison:Submitapetitionrequestingtostayinprison.
Translationofthework
InMarchofthe51styearofKangxi,whenIwasimprisonedinthePenalMinistry,Isawtheprisonerdeadanddraggedoutofthewallhole.Onaverage,everydayTherearethreeorfour,whichisstrange.DuJun,whowasoncethemagistrateofHongdongCounty,stoodupandsaid:"Thisisaplague.Nowtheweatherisnormal,andtherearefewdeaths;inthepast,thereweremorethanadozendeathsaday."Iaskedwhatthereasonwas..DuJunsaid:"Thisdiseaseiseasilycontagious,eveniftheyarerelatives,theydarenotlivetogether.Thisprisonhasfouroldcells.Eachcellhasfiverooms:thejailerlivesinit.Inoneoftherooms,therearelargewindowsinthefronttoletinlight,andsmallwindowsontherooftoletinair;theotherfourroomshavenowindows,butthereareoftenmorethan200prisonersclosed.Everyday,it’slockedbeforeit’sdark.Intheroom,itmixeswiththesmellofeatinganddrinkingwater.Inaddition,inthecoldwinter,prisonerswithnomoneysleptontheground,andwaiteduntilthespringbreath,andtherewasnoonewhodidnotgetsick.Prisonrulesmustwaituntildawnbeforeunlocking,andthroughoutthenight,Thelivingandthedeadfellasleephead-to-toe,unabletododge,whichisthereasonforthelargenumberofinfections.Thereisalsoastrangething:whoeverisarepeatcriminalormurdererisprobablyduetohisstrongtemperament.Lessthanone-tenthofthosewhowereinfected;eveniftheywereinfected,theywouldsoonhealed.Thosewhodiedoneafteranotherwereallcriminals,suspects,orguarantorswithminorcrimes,andtheyshouldn’tbeshackled.Peoplewhofollowthelaw."
Isaid:"Inthecapital,thereisadirect-administeredprisonofShuntianFuyinandSifangwheretherearefivecities.WhyaretheresomanyprisonersintheprisonoftheMinistryofJustice?"DuJunsaid:"Inrecentyears,inlawsuits,ShuntianFuyinandWuchengYushihavenotdaredtocalltheshotsiftheplotisrelativelyserious;thosewhowerearrestedbythenineadmiralsunderinvestigationarealsoassignedtotheCriminalMinistry;andtheCriminalMinistryitselfhas14IntheQingdynastydepartment,thechiefanddeputymanandHanlangofficers,aswellasjudicialofficers,wardenofficers,andjailers,allbecausethemorepeopleinvolved,thebetter,soaslongasthereisalittleside,theywillbecaughtineverypossibleway.Assoonasyouentertheprison,regardlessofwhetheryouareguiltyornotguilty,youwillbehandcuffedandshackledasusual,andputintheoldprisonroom,whichwillmakeyousuffer.Arrived;accordingtoyourfamilyandpropertystatus,themoneywillbeblackmailed,andtheywillbeassignedasdistribution.Peopleabovethemiddleclasswilldoalltheirmoneytoobtaininsurance;secondly,ifyouwanttoremovethehandcuffsandshackles,movetotheoldprison’sroom.Thecostoflivinginaslabhousealsocosttensoftaelsofsilver.Asforthepoorandhelpless,theywereunceremoniouslyhandcuffedandfetteredasamodeltowarnotherprisoners.Therewerealsootherprisonerswhowereimprisonedwiththesamecase.Thosewhohaveseriousplotscanbesaved,andthosewhoarenotguiltyandwhoarenotguiltyaresuffering.Thiskindofpersonisupset,doesn'teatwell,sleepswell,getssick,anddoesn'thavemoneytotreat,andtheyoftendie."Ithinkouremperor,likethesaintsofthepast,hasgoodvirtuouslife.Wheneverhepublishesofficialdocuments,healwaysgivesprisonersalivefromdeath,butnowthereareinnocentpeoplewhoaresounlucky!Ifthereisagentlemanwhocantelltheemperorthatinadditiontothedeathpenaltyandthedistributionoffelonsinthefrontier,otherminoroffendersandthosewhohavebeenimplicatedhavenotyetbeenfinalized.Ifanotherdetentioncenterissetup,andtherearenohandcuffsandshackles,thenIdon'tknowhowmanylivescanbesaved!Iheardthattherewerefiveroomsintheprisoncalled"CurrentPrison",whichwereusedbypeopleinvolvedinthecasebutnotfinalized.Ifyoucanfindoutthiskindofregulationandputitintopractice,itwon'tbewithoutasmallsupplement.DuJunsaid:"Theemperorhasgrantedfavorsforofficialswhoareallowedtoliveinpreferentialtreatmentrooms.Nowthepoorarelivingintheoldprisons,andgangstersandrecidivistsarenowlivinginpreferentialtreatmentrooms.Canyouaskmoreaboutthesubtletiesinthemiddle?Fromthispointofview,thereareonlyotherbarriers.Itisonlyinaprisonthatthesolutioncanbefundamentallysolved!TheoldmanZhu,theyoungmansurnamedYuandthecolleagueswhowerelockedupwithmealldiedoftheepidemicinthisway.Regardingthecrimes,theyshouldnotbepunishedseverely.Someoneaccusedhissonofunfilialpiety.Theneighborsonbothsideswereimprisonedintheoldprison,cryingandscreamingfromnighttodawn."Ilistened,Iwasmoved,andoncetookDuJun’swordstoordinaryIaskedothersaboutit;intheend,everyonesaidthesame,soIdecidedtorecordit.
Assoonasthesentenceisexecuted,theexecutionerwaitsoutsidethedoorandsendshiscomradesintoclaimtheproperty,whichiscalled"Slo".Forrichprisoners,askhisrelativestotalkaboutconditions;forthosewhodon’thavemoney,talkabouttheconditionsdirectlyinperson.Ifthesentenceisastabbing,theysay:"Ifyouagreetomyterms,youwillpierceyourheart;otherwise,youwillbedismemberedandyourheartisnotdead."Ifyouaresentencedtohanging,youwillsay:"Ihavepromisedmyterms.,Thefirststrangulationwillsuffocateyourbreath;otherwise,youwillhavetouseotherinstrumentsoftortureafterstranglingthreetimesbeforeyoucandie."Onlyifthesentenceisdecapitation,thereisnothingtobargain,buttheheadcanstillbedetainedfromthefamilyofthedeceased.,Toachievethepurposeofextortion.Therefore,thericharenaturallywillingtobribedozensofhundredtaelsofsilver,andthosewhohavenomoneywillalsosellouttheirclothesandmiscellaneousgoodsinreturn;onlythosewhoaretoopoortomakemoneywillimplementwhattheysay.Thesamegoesforthosewhoareinchargeofbinding.Iftheydon’tmeettheirrequirements,theywillfirstgiveyouabonebreakwhenthefiveflowersaretied.Inthefallofeveryyear,althoughtheemperor'sZhubitickedoffonlythreetofourtenandsixtoseventen,alltheprisonershadtobetieduptotheWestMarketandwaitedfororders.Thosewhoweretiedupandinjured,eveniftheywereluckyenoughtostay,wouldhavetobeillforafewmonthstoheal,orevenbecomehiddenwoundsthatcannotbecuredforalifetime.Ionceaskedanoldofficerandsaid:"Everyonehasnodeephatredforthosewhoaretorturedandtiedup,andthepurposeisjusttogetsomemoney;iftheprisonerreallycan'tgetthemoney,whynotlethimgo?"Theoldguardsaid:"Thisisbecausewehavetosetuprulestowarntheinmatesnexttohimandwarnthelaterinmates.Ifthisisnotthecase,everyonewillbelucky."Thesameappliestothetortureandtorture.Iwasarrestedatthesametimeandtherewerethreepeoplewhohadbeencaughtinthebarduringthetrial.Oneofthempaidapriceoftwentytaelsofsilver,withonlyaslightboneinjury,andbecameillforamonth;theotherpaiddoubletheprice,onlywoundingtheskin,andhewasbetterintwentydays;andanotherHegavesixtimesthepriceandwasabletowalkasusualthatnight.Someoneaskedtheofficer,"Someprisonersarerichandsomearepoor.Sinceeveryonehastakenthemoney,whyshouldwemakeadifference?"Theofficersaid,"Thereisnodifference,whowantstopaymore?"Thisstoryconfirmsit.Mencius'swords"youmustnotchooseacareercarelessly"arereallynotbadatall!
Theoldstaffintheministryallhavefalsesealsintheirhomes,andthosewhogodowntotheprovincialleveloftensecretlyusetheirhandsandfeettoaddorsubtractimportantwords.Thosewhofollowitcan'tseeit.Onlythosewhoplaytheemperorandthevariousministriesofthecounselingbankdonotdaretodothis.Accordingtothelaw:thethiefhadneverkilledanyoneorhadmultipleaccomplices,butonlyoneortwoofthemastermindwasexecutedimmediately,andtherestofthecriminalswereallreducedandenlistedafterbeinghandedovertotheAugustautumntrial.AftertheemperorwasrecordedinthesentenceoftheCriminalMinistry,someofthemwereexecutedimmediately.Abrotherwithasurnamewasimprisonedforholdingapublicwarehouseandshouldbeexecutedimmediatelyaccordingtolaw.Theverdicthasbeendrawnup.Thememberofthedepartmentsaidtothem:"Givemeonethousandtaelsofsilver,andIwillreviveyou."Askingwhatway,thememberAsaid:"It'snotdifficult.Youonlyneedtomakeaseparatescript.Theverdictdoesnotneedtobechanged.Onlythetwopeoplewhoaresingleandhavenorelativesattheendofthecaseshouldbereplacedbyyournames.Whenthesongissealed,youcanpullouttherealsongandchangetothissong."
Oneofhiscolleaguessaid:"Thiscanbedonetodeceive,butitcannotdeceivethechief;ifthechieffindsoutandappliesagain,wewillhavenowheretosurvive."Amemberofthedepartmentsaidwithasmile:"Ifweapplyagain,wecertainlyhavenowaytosurvive;butthechiefmustalsobefoundguiltybyoversightanddismissedfromtheofficial.Hewillnotthrowawayhisofficialforonlytwolives.Then,westillhavenoreasontodieintheend."Asaresult,thetwopeopleattheendofthecasewereexecutedimmediately.Thepresidingofficerwasdumbfoundedandshocked,butfinallydidnotdaretoholdhimaccountable.WhenIwasinprison,Isawabrotherwithacertainsurname.Thepeopleinthesameprisonallpointedandsaid,"Thisistoexchangethelivesofcertainpeoplefortheirheads."Thenamemberofthedepartmentsuddenlydiedonenight.Now,everyonesaiditwasGod’sretribution.
Anycaseofhomicidewithoutthewords"murder"or"intentionalhomicide"intheverdictmaybelistedas"suspicious"afteranautumntrial.Inthe)category,deathcanbeavoided,andjudicialpersonnelcanthereforeplaytricksinthecracksofthelaw.TherewasamannamedGuoLaosiwhohadcommittedhomicidesfourtimes.Thelasttimehewasstillwaitingfor"suspicion",hesoonencounteredanamnesty.Beforebeingreleasedfromprison,Idrankandsangwithmypartymembersalldaylong,sometimesuntildawn.Someoneaskedhimabouthispastclasses,onebyone.Ugh!Thoseshamelessandviciousjudicialofficersarenotdeeplyresponsibleforembezzlementandpervertingthelaw;butthetruthisnotreallyclear.Agroupofgoodofficialsoftentakethedeathpenaltyastheirmerit,anddonotpursuethetruetruth,whichmakesthedeadunjustified!
Somebadguyshavebeenintheprisonforalongtime,andtheyareveryfattenedwhentheyareembarrassedwiththewardenandjailers.TherewasamannamedLiinShanyinwhowasinjailforhomicideandearnedhundredsoftaelsofsilvereveryyear.Intheforty-eightyearsofKangxi,hewasreleasedfromprisonbyamnesty.Livedforafewmonthsandhadnothingtodo.Hehappenedtohavecommittedamurderinhishometown,sohereplacedhimwithanimpostor.Thisisbecausethelawstipulatesthatifitisnotintentionaltokill,itwillinevitablybeimprisonedforalongtime,withoutacapitalconviction,forfifty-oneyears,itwillbereducedbypardon.Hesighedandsaid,"Ican'tgetinhereanymore!"Accordingtotheoldrule,allthepeopleinthearmyweretransferredtoShuntianMansiononstandby;itwaswinteratthistime,andthedispatchwasstopped,andthesurnamedLi'sspecificrequestwastoreturntothePenalMinistryprisontowait.Sendingoutinthespring,askingforrepeatedrequests,withoutapproval,andthebossisnothappy!
CreativeBackground
Inthe50thyearofKangxi(1711),FangBaowasimprisonedinthe"NanshanJi"case."NanshanJi"waswrittenbyDaiMingshi,anativeofTongcheng.DaiMingshiproposedinthearticle"BookofYuyuSheng"in"NanshanJi"thatseveralemperorsinthelateMingdynastyshouldbegiven"thischronology"whenwritinghistory.TheincidentwasrevealedbyYushiZhaoShenqiao,andDaiMingshi'sfamilyandhistribeinvolvedmanyconvictions.FangBaowasalsoarrestedandimprisonedbecauseofthenamelistedintheprefaceof"NanshanJi".StartedinJiangningCountyPrison,latertransferredtothecapitalandsenttoPenalDepartmentPrison.Hewasreleasedfromprisontwoyearslater,wasassignedtotheHanArmyBanner,andenteredtheSouthStudyasaslave.AfterthedeathofEmperorKangxi,hewaspardonedandhisflagwaslifted.Fromthetiredofficertotheministerofritual.ThisarticleisarecordofwhatFangBaohadseenandheardinprisonafterFangBaowasreleasedfromprison.
Appreciationofworks
OverallAppreciation
Theproseoftheworkisamasterpieceof"MiscellaneousNotes",richinmaterials,intricateandcomplex,withmanycharacters.Theauthorisgoodatchoosingtypicalexamplesandfocusingondescriptions,"Miscellaneous"andorderly,seethewholescattered,thecenterprominent.IfmeasuredbyFangBao'sancientprose"righteousnesslaw",therichmaterialis"righteousness",thatis,"wordshavethings";orderlynarrationis"law",thatis,"talksareinorder."Thearticlerecordsthefactsinprison,andintheshockingnarrative,therearecoldanddeepdiscussions.ThearticlenarratedthecruelandgloomycrimesintheprisonsoftheMinistryofJusticeofcolludingwithofficialsandtreacherouspeople,anddeeplyexposedthepoliticaldarknessatthattime.Thefulltextisdividedintofourparts.
Thefirstandsecondparagraphsarethefirstpart.Writeabouttheplagueepidemicinprisonandthemanydeathsandreasons.Theauthorpersonallysaw"thedeathofLicamefromDou,andthefourofRilan",thesituationinprisonwashorrible,andthenheusedthemethodofdialoguetointroducethedetailsofthesituationbyDuJun.Adozenpeople",theplagueisprevalent,andthenumberofdeadpeopleisevenmoreappalling.Thecauseoftheplagueepidemicwasthatahousewaspoorlyequipped,withnofurrowsorwindowsinthenextfourrooms,sunnydays,andnocirculationofkilnair.Ontheotherhand,therearetoomanyprisoners,"theyareoftenmorethantwohundredprisoners."Thethreelawsarecruelinprison,"Twilightunderthecontrolofthekey","Qualityrevealsthekey".Thelivingenvironmentofthefourthievesisinhuman."Allthearrowsanddrowningareclosed,andtheyareindifferenttothediet."Coupledwithclimatechange,"thepoorarelyingonthegroundinthemiddleofthewinter,andthespringisverydynamic,andthereisnoepidemic."Whatisevenmorestrangeisthat"bigthievesaccumulatethieves,murderandrepeatoffenders","theonewhoisinfectedwiththisisnotoneortwo",and"theydie,Arealllightlyrelatedandimplicatedinthosethatarebeyondthereachofthecorroborationlaw."Goodandevilarereversed,andrightandwrongareunknown.Itisnotdifficulttoimagineacruelandgloomysceneinprison.Theauthorhasdrawnapictureofhellonearth.
Thentheauthoraskedquestions,andDuJuncontinuedtoanswer,furtherexplainingthereasonsforthelargenumberofprisonersandthereasonsfor"theirdeaths",whichareall"inaccessibletothelaw".Inordertoconsolidatetheirfeudalautocraticregime,thefeudalrulersimplementedterroristpolicies.Thereweremanyprisonsinthecapital,andthelegalnetwasdense.Corruptofficialsandtyrantstooktheopportunitytomakemoney.Inordertosqueezemoney,theyarbitrarilyarrestedinnocentpeople,andthentheycolluded,embarrassedandransomedtheprisonerswantonly.Inthisway,therichcangetridofthelaw,andthosewithoutmoneywillbepursued.Thepoorpeopleareevenmoregrievousandsickanddieinnumerable.Finally,theauthorprovedthatDuJun’stalkwastruewiththeexperienceofZhuWeng,YuSheng,andSeng,whowereinthesameprison,andwroteitdown,whichshowsthatthefactsrecordedareconclusive.Accordingtoreports,itshowedsympathyforcriminalsandhatredforbureaucratsandsubordinates.
Thethirdandfourthparagraphsarethesecondpart.Itfurtherexposestheviciousnessandsinisterintentionsoftheexecutioners,themasters,andthemasters.Thosewhoareinchargeoftheexecutionofthesentencearestealingbystealthandwithouthumanity,thatis,theymustdeliberatelyblackmailtheprisonerwhoissentencedtodeath.Eventheheadsofdeadpeoplehavetobeusedascapitaltosolicitbribes.Theircruelcrimesareheinous.Thetightnessofthebindingdependsontheamountofbribes.Iftheydonotsatisfytheirdesires,theywillbrutallydestroytheprisonersandblackmailmoney.Thesameistrueforthetorture.Theseverityoftheclubdependsontheamountofbribe.Theythinkitisnaturaltosqueezemoneyfromprisoners,anditisreasonabletousebribestodeterminethetreatmentofprisoners.Theauthornarratesaseriesofevilfacts,andpowerfullyrevealsthetruthaboutthedarkpoliticsintheeraoffeudalautocracy.
Thefifthandsixthparagraphsarethethirdpart.Exposethecriminalbehavioroftrespassersandpervertthelaw.TheauthorfirstsummarizedthesituationofLaoXuhidingthefakechaptersandarbitrarilytamperingwiththe"documents",andthencitedspecificincidentstoexplainthatofficialsbrokethelawandacceptedbribes,causingthegoodpeopletodieinjusticesandthebadguyswithimpunity.Inthecaseof"controllingthepublicwarehouse",thesubordinatestaffwasbribedbythedaughterofascorpionanddaredtomakeprivatedocumentstoreplacethe"twopersonswhoweresingleandwithoutrelativesattheendofthecase"onbehalfofthecriminalswhoweretortured.Atthattime,the"master"knowinglychangedthischapterandkilledsomeonebymistake,buthedidnotdaretoinquire.Here,itnotonlyshowstheuglinessandcowardlypsychologyofthe"masters",butalsoshowsthataslongastheofficialpositionismaintained,thepeople'slifeanddeathareignored.Itisthefeudalbureaucraticoutlookonlife.Theauthordidnotwitnesstheheavybriberyincident,but"IstillseeacertainsurnamewhenIaminprison"andwroteabouttheidentificationofpeopleinprison,whichshowsthatthishorrificincidentiscompletelytrue.
Inaddition,thesubordinatestaffalsotooktheopportunityof"minimizingsuspicion"totrytocheatatnoon.ThefactthattheauthorsawGuoSiinprisonwasextremelyinfuriating.Thecriminalsof"FourMurders"areatlarge,"daysandtheirlonelinessdrinkwineandsingforthedawn","themoodisbright,ifyouarearrogant",writingthearrogantarroganceofthemurderousvillain.Inresponsetothissituation,theauthornotonlydenouncedthe“evilofficialstoenduretheprison”,butalsoaccusedsome“goodofficials”ofnotpursuingthetruthand“mostlytakingcreditforgettingridofothersanddeath”,andexpelledthebadguysandwrongedthegoodpeople.Thelawsandprisonsofthiseraarecompletelypersecutingthegoodpeopleandfuelingthearroganceofthebadpeople.Theauthorlamentedthat"itisalsoashametothepeople,"andthisisanaccusationagainstthecrimesoffeudalrule.
Theseventhparagraphisthefourthpart.Exposingthecollusionbetweenthesubordinatejailerandthetraitorforprofitshowsthattheprisonatthattimewashorrible."Thetreacherouspeoplestayedinprisonforalongtime,andtheyarequiteenviousofthesurvivors",summarizingthedarknessoftheprisonatthattime,andthencitedthefactthatthesurnameLi"murdersisaprison"and"getshundredsofgoldeveryyear."Afterbeingpardoned,hewas"indifferentanddoingnothing."Forthegoodpeople,theprisonisacruelandgloomyhellonearth,whichisshocking.Forthebadpeople,itisnotonlynotscary,butalsoagoodplaceforprofit.Theywerereluctanttoleavetheprison,andwhentheyhadtoleave,they"sighedandsaid:'Ican'tre-enterhere!'""Strangelyout."Atfirstglance,thiskindofwordsanddeedsmightseemstrange,butthefactsareindeedthecase,anditisenoughtoexplainthetime.Theessenceofprison.
Thisessayoutlinesadarkpictureofafeudalsocietyprison,showingsympathyforsomeinnocentvictims,andhasacertainsignificanceforexposingtheevilsoffeudalsociety.Thecontentrecordedinthearticleiscomplicated,buttheauthorwritesconciselyandpowerfully,withoutrichrendering,butthedemeanorofthecharactersisvivid.Intermsofwriting,weselectedtypicalexamplesfromseveralaspectsinprison,usingthemethodofgeneraldescription,thenspecificdescription,firstaskingquestions,andthenciteexamples,andalwaysaskingquestionsandanswering,highlightingthekeypoints,andstrongauthenticity.Theseareallworthwhile.Drawon.
Thefulltextdescribestheauthor’svariousexperiencesinfeudalprisons,whicharespecificandprofoundandinvolveawiderangeofareas.Theauthorisabletofocusonthecenter,selectmaterials,usedetailedandsuccinctnarratives,anduseprosesentences,conciseandpowerfulwords,butelegantandclean,smooth,andnotrichlyrendered.Thecharacter'sdemeanorandenvironmentareasvividasthepresent.Thenarrativeadoptstheformofdialogueandoftencitetypicalexamplesasevidence.Firstuseageneralintroduction,secondlydescribespecificfacts,andoccasionallymakepersonaldiscussions,whichissimpleandflexible.Tongchengarticle,thisworkcanbecalledagoodstructure.
Commentsfromfamousexperts
"SelectedReadingsofAncientProsebyProfessorYanMingchenoftheChineseDepartmentofBeijingUniversityofInternationalRelations":"Thisarticlehasmanycharactersandcomplicatedevents,buttheauthorismethodicalandfocused.Characterdialogue,althoughonlythreeofficialsandtwolanguages,makesreadersfeelasiftheyseehimandhearhisvoice."
DongWencheng,professoroftheChineseDepartmentofLiaoningUniversity,"AnnotationandAnnotationofQingandLateQingLiteraryWorks":"Despitethelengthofthisarticle,thelanguagealsohasthecommoncharacteristicsofFangBao’ssuccinctandrefinedprose,whichisvividandexpressive."
Abouttheauthor
FangBao(1668—1749),aessayistintheQingDynasty.ThenameisFengjiu,Linggao,andWangxiinhislateryears,fromTongcheng(nowTongcheng,Anhui).JinshiduringtheKangxiperiod(1662-1722).Inthe50thyearofKangxi(1711),hewasimprisonedbecauseoftheliteraryprison,andhewasrescued.Hewasreleasedfromprisontwoyearslater.Houguantotheministerofritual.HewasthefounderofTongchengSchoolofAncientProse,whichwasquiteinfluentialatthattime.Advocatingthatwritingarticlesshouldpayattentionto"righteousnesslaw","righteousness"referstothecontentofthearticle,whichmustconformtothefeudalgeneralethics;"law"referstotheformandskillofthearticle,structureandorder,andthelanguageiselegantandclean;soastoachieve"thewordhassomethingtosay"","Speakinorder."Promoteequalemphasisontheory,textualresearch,andchapters.Mostofhisarticlespromotedfeudalethics,andsomeofthemarealsoofgreatideologicalsignificance.Thereis"TheCompleteWorksofMr.FangWangxi"handeddowntotheworld.