Compositionstructure
Thestructureofthepowercordisnotverycomplicated,butdon’tsimplylookthroughitfromthesurface.Ifyoustudythepowercordwell,therearesomeplacesStillneedaprofessionaltounderstandthestructureofthepowercord.
Thestructureofthepowercordmainlyincludesoutersheath,innersheath,andconductor.Commontransmissionconductorsincludecopperandaluminummetalwires.
Outersheath
Theoutersheathisalsocalledtheprotectivesheath.Itistheoutermostlayerofthepowercord.ThislayerofoutersheathThesheathplaystheroleofprotectingthepowercord.Theoutersheathhaspowerfulcharacteristics,suchashightemperatureresistance,lowtemperatureresistance,resistancetonaturallightinterference,goodwindingperformance,longservicelife,andenvironmentalprotectionofmaterials.
Innersheath
Theinnersheathisalsocalledaninsulatingsheath.ItisanindispensablepartofthepowercordandthemainpartoftheinsulatingsheathAsthenameimplies,itisinsulation,toensurethesafetyofthepowerline,sothatnoleakageoccursbetweenthecopperwireandtheair,andthematerialoftheinsulatingsheathshouldbesofttoensurethatitcanbewellinlaidinthemiddlelayer.
Copperwire
Copperwireisthecorepartofthepowercord.Copperwireismainlythecarrierofcurrentandvoltage.ThedensityofcopperwiredirectlyaffectsThequalityofthepowercord.Thematerialofthepowercordisalsoanimportantfactorforqualitycontrol,andthequantityandflexibilityofthecopperwirearealsooneofthefactorstobeconsidered.
Innersheath
Theinnersheathisalayerofmaterialthatwrapsthecablebetweentheshieldinglayerandthecore,usuallypolyvinylchlorideplasticOrpolyethyleneplastic.Therearealsolow-smokeandhalogen-freematerials.Useinaccordancewiththeprocessregulations,sothattheinsulatinglayerwillnotcomeintocontactwithwater,airorotherobjects,andavoidmoistureandmechanicaldamagetotheinsulatinglayer.
Performance
Althoughthepowercordisonlyanaccessoryforhomeappliances,itplaysavitalroleintheuseofhomeappliances.Ifthepowercordisbroken,theentireapplianceItcan'tbeused.HouseholdpowercordsshouldadoptBVV2×2.5andBVV2×1.5typewires.BVVisthenationalstandardcodeandisacoppersheathedwire.2×2.5and2×1.5represent2-core2.5squaremillimetersand2-core1.5squaremillimeters,respectively.Ingeneral,2×2.5isusedasthemainlineandtrunkline,and2×1.5isusedasasingleelectricalbranchlineandswitchline.Single-phaseair-conditioningdedicatedlineusesBVV2×4,andadedicatedgroundwireisalsoprovided.
Manufacturingprocess
Thepowercordisproducedeveryday.Thepowercordneedstobemorethan100,000metersadayandthereare50,000plugs.Withsuchhugedata,theproductionprocessmustbeverystable.Ofmaturity.AftercontinuousexplorationandresearchandtheaccreditationofEuropeanVDEcertificationbody,nationalstandardCCCcertificationbody,AmericanULcertificationbody,BritishBScertificationbody,AustralianSAAcertificationbody,etc.,thepowercordplughasmatured.Hereisabriefintroduction:
1.Powercordcopperandaluminummonofilamentdrawing
Thecopperandaluminumrodscommonlyusedinpowercords,atroomtemperature,useadrawingmachinetopassthroughoneorseveraldieholesofthedrawingdietomakeItscross-sectionisreduced,itslengthisincreased,anditsstrengthisimproved.Wiredrawingisthefirstprocessofvariouswireandcablecompanies,andtheprimaryprocessparameterofwiredrawingismoldmatchingtechnology.
2,powercordmonofilamentannealing
Whenthecopperandaluminummonofilamentsareheatedtoacertaintemperature,themethodofrecrystallizationisusedtoimprovethetenacityofthemonofilamentandreducethemonofilamentStrengthtomeettherequirementsofwiresandcablesforconductivecores.Thekeytotheannealingprocessistoeradicatetheoxidationofthecopperwire.
3.Strandingofthepowercordconductor
Inordertoimprovetheflexibilityofthepowercordandfacilitatetheinstallationofthedevice,theconductivecoreacceptsmoreItisformedbytwistingasinglefilament.Fromthestrandingmethodoftheconductivecore,itcanbedividedintoregularstrandingandirregularstranding.Irregularstrandingisdividedintobundlestranding,concentricstranding,extraordinarystrandingandsoon.Inordertoreducetheoccupiedareaofthewireandreducethegeometricsizeofthepowercord,thecompactionmethodisalsousedinthestrandedconductor,sothatthepopularcircleismutatedintoasemicircle,asectorshape,atileshapeandacompactcircle.Thiskindofconductorismainlyusedonthepowercord.
4.Powercordinsulationextrusion
Plasticpowercordsmainlyuseextrudedsolidinsulationlayer.Theprimarytechnicalrequirementsforplasticinsulationextrusion:
1)Biasdegree:Thebiasvalueoftheextrudedinsulationthicknessisthemainindicatorofthedegreeofsqueezingtowork.Mostoftheproductstructuredimensionsandbiasvalueshaveclearrulesinthespecification.
2)Lubricity:Theexterioroftheextrudedinsulatinglayerrequireslubrication,anditmustnotshowpoorqualityproblemssuchasroughappearance,burnt,andimpurities.
3)Density:ExtrudedinsulationThecross-sectionofthelayershouldbedenseandstrong,withnovisiblepinholes,andnoairbubbles.
5.Powercordformation
Regardingthemulti-corepowercord,inordertoensuretheshapeandreducetheshapeofthepowercord,itisgenerallyrequiredtotwistitintoaroundshape.Themechanismoftwistingissimilartothatofconductortwisting,becausethetwistingpitchdiameterislarge,andmostofthetwist-freemethodsareused.Thetechnicalrequirementsofthecableformation:First,therootofthespecial-shapedinsulatedcoreturnsoverandcausethecabletotwist;thesecondistoavoidtheinsulationlayerfrombeingscratched.
Mostofthecablesarecompletedwithtwootherprocesses:oneisfilling,toensurethatthecableisroundandunchangedafterthecableisformed;theotheristobind,toensurethatthecablecoreisnotloose.
6.Theinnersheathofthepowercord
Inordertoprotecttheinsulatedcorefrombeingdamagedbythearmor,propermaintenanceoftheinsulatinglayerisrequired.Theinnersheathisdividedinto:squeezeTheinnerprotectivelayer(isolationsleeve)andtheinnerprotectivelayer(cushionlayer)aroundthepackage.Thewrappingcushionlayerreplacesthelashingtapeandthecableformingprocessiscarriedoutsimultaneously.
7.Powercordarmor
Layingontheundergroundpowercord,itcanacceptcertainpositivepressureeffectsduringthetask,andtheinnersteeltapearmorstructurecanbeselected.Thepowercordislaidinaplacewithbothpositivepressureeffectandtensileeffect(suchaswater,verticalshaftorsoilwithlargedrop),andthestructuretypewithinnersteelwirearmorshouldbeselected.
8.Outersheathofthepowercord
Theoutersheathisastructuralpartthatmaintainstheinsulatinglayerofthepowercordtoavoidcorrosionoftheelements.Theprimaryeffectoftheoutersheathistoimprovethemechanicalstrengthofthepowercord,preventchemicalcorrosion,moisture,waterproof,andpreventthepowercordfromburning.Accordingtothedifferentrequirementsofthepowercord,theplasticsheathshouldbedirectlyextrudedbytheextruder.
Commontypes
Generalrubberplasticpowercord
1.Scopeofapplication:ACratedvoltage450/750Vandbelowpower,Lighting,electricalinstallations,instrumentationandtelecommunicationequipmentconnectionandinternalinstallationlines.
2.Layingoccasionsandmethods:indooropenlayingandcommunicationchannels,tunnelsalongthewalloroverheadlaying;outdooroverheadlaying,layingthroughironorplasticpipes,layingofelectricalequipment,metersandradiodevices,Allarefixedlaying;theplasticsheathedpowercordcanbedirectlyburiedinthesoilforlaying.
3.Generalrequirements:economicalanddurable,simplestructure.
4.Specialrequirements:
1)Whenlayingoutdoors,itisaffectedbysunlight,rain,freezingandotherconditions,requiringresistancetotheatmosphere,especiallysolaraging;Coldresistancerequirements;
2)Inuse,itiseasytobedamagedbyexternalforceorflammable,anditshouldbewornintheoccasionswhereitisincontactwithoil;whenpassingthroughthepipe,thepowercordissubjecttogreatertensionandscratchesIfpossible,lubricationmeasuresshouldbetaken;
3)Whenusedasaninternaluseofelectricalequipment,whentheinstallationpositionissmall,itshouldhaveacertaindegreeofflexibility,andtheinsulatedwirecoreshouldbeclearlycolored,andshouldbematchedwiththecorrespondingjointTerminalsandplugsmaketheconnectionconvenientandreliable;foroccasionswithanti-electromagneticrequirements,shieldedpowercordsshouldbeused;
4)Forhighambienttemperatures,sheathedrubberpowercordsshouldbeused;forspecialhigh-temperatureoccasionsApplyheat-resistantrubberpowercord.
5.Structurecomposition
1.Conductivepowercordcore:Whenusedforinternalinstallationofpower,lightingandelectricalequipment,coppercoreispreferred,andlargecross-sectionconductorsshouldbepressedtightlyWirecore;conductorsusedforfixedinstallationgenerallyadoptType1orType2conductorstructure.
2.Insulation:Insulatingmaterialsgenerallyusenaturalstyrenebutadienerubber,polyvinylchloride,polyethylene,andnitrilepolyvinylchloridecompound;heat-resistantpowercordsusepolyvinylchloridewithatemperatureresistanceof90℃.
3.Sheath:Therearegenerallyfivetypesofsheathmaterials:polyvinylchloride,cold-resistantpolyvinylchloride,anti-termitepolyvinylchloride,blackpolyethylene,andneoprenerubber.
Blackpolyethyleneandneoprenesheathedpowercordsshouldbeusedforspecialcold-resistantandoutdooroverheadlaying.
Inenvironmentswithexternalforces,corrosion,humidity,etc.,rubberorplasticsheathedpowercordscanbeused.
Rubberplasticsoftpowercord
1.Scopeofapplication:mainlysuitableformediumandlightmobileelectricalappliances(householdappliances,electrictools,etc.),instruments,Powerlightingconnection;workingvoltageisAC750Vandbelow,mostofwhichareAC300Clevel.
2.Becausetheproductneedstobemoved,bent,twisted,etc.frequentlywhenused,thepowercordisrequiredtobesoft,stableinstructure,noteasytokink,andhaveacertaindegreeofwearresistance;plasticsheathedrubberpowercordscanbeusedLaydirectlyinthesoil.
3.Thegroundingwireadoptsyellow-greentwo-colorwire,andothercoresintherubberpowercordarenotallowedtouseyellow-greencores.
4.Whenusedforthepowerconnectionofelectricheatingappliances,braidedrubberinsulatedcordsorrubberinsulatedcordsshouldbeusedasappropriate.
5.Thestructureisrequiredtobesimpleandlight.
6.Structure
1)Conductivepowercordcore:coppercore,flexiblestructure,twistedbymultiplesinglewirebundles;flexibleconductorgenerallyadoptscategory5Ortype6conductorstructure.
2)Insulation:Insulationmaterialsgenerallyusenaturalstyrenebutadienerubber,polyvinylchlorideorsoftpolyethyleneplastics.
3)Thecablepitchmultipleissmall.
4)Theouterprotectivelayeriswovenwithcottonyarntoavoidoverheatingandscaldingtheinsulatinglayer.
5)Inordertofacilitatetheuseandsimplifytheproductionprocess,thethree-corebalancedstructureisadopted,whichcansaveproductionman-hoursandimproveproductionefficiency.
Shieldedinsulatedpowercord
1.Performancerequirementsofshieldedpowercords:basicallythesameasthoseofunshieldedpowercordsofthesamekind.
2.Becauseitmeetstherequirementsofequipmentforshielding(anti-interferenceperformance),itisgenerallyrecommendedtobeusedinmedium-levelelectromagneticinterferenceoccasions;theplasticsheathedrubberpowercordcanbedirectlyburiedinthesoil.
3.Theshieldinglayershouldbeabletomakegoodcontactwiththeconnectingdeviceoroneendisgrounded,andtheshieldinglayershouldnotbeloosened,unthreaded,andnoteasilybrokenbyforeignobjects.
4.Structure
1)Conductivepowercordcore:tinplatingisallowedinsomeoccasions;
2)ThesurfacecoveragedensityoftheshieldinglayershouldmeetthestandardorMeetuserrequirements;theshieldinglayershouldbebraidedorwoundwithtinnedcopperwire;ifanextrudedsheathshouldbeaddedtotheshield,theshieldingisallowedtobebraidedorwoundwithsoftroundcopperwire.
3)Inordertopreventinternalinterferencebetweencoresorpairs,separateshieldingstructuresforeachcore(orpair)canbeproduced.
Generalrubber-sheathedpowercord
1.Theuniversalrubber-sheathedpowercordhasawiderangeofapplications.AllkindsofelectricalTheequipmentcanbeappliedtogeneraloccasions,includingtheconnectionofelectricalmobileequipmentusedinvarioussectorsofindustryandagriculture.
2.Accordingtothesizeofthecross-sectionoftherubberpowercordandtheabilitytorespondtomechanicalexternalforces,itcanbedividedintothreetypes:light,medium,andheavy.Thesethreetypesofproductshaverequirementsforsoftnessandflexibility,butthelight-dutyrubberpowercordsrequirehighflexibility,andtheymustbelight,smallinsize,andcannotwithstandstrongmechanicalexternalforces;medium-sizedrubberpowercordshaveacertaindegreeofflexibility.Andcanwithstandconsiderableexternalmechanicalforces;heavy-dutyrubberpowercordshavehighermechanicalstrength.
3.Therubberpowercordsheathshouldbetight,strongandround.YQW,YZW,YCWtyperubberpowercordsaresuitableforfielduse(suchassearchlights,agriculturalelectricplows,etc.),andshouldhavegoodresistancetosunlightaging.
4.Structure
1)Conductivepowercordcore:adoptscopperflexiblewirebundletwisted,thestructureadoptssofttype,andthelargecross-sectionsurfaceallowspaperwrappingtoimprovethebendingperformance.
2)Theinsulationismadeofnaturalstyrenebutadienerubber,andtheinsulationhasgoodagingperformance.
3)Therubberofoutdoorproductsadoptsneopreneoramixedrubberformulabasedonneoprene.
Miningrubberpowercord
1.Ithasawiderangeofapplications,mainlyusedinminingindustrygroundandundergroundequipmentspecialrubberpowercordproducts,involvingRubberpowercordsforminingelectricdrills,rubberpowercordsforcommunicationandlightingequipment,miningandtransportationrubberpowercords,caplamprubberpowercords,undergroundmobilesubstationpowersupplyrubberpowercords.
2.Theuseenvironmentoftheminingrubberpowercordisverycomplicated,theworkingenvironmentisveryharsh,andtheaccumulationofgasandcoaldustcaneasilycauseanexplosion,sothesafetyrequirementsfortherubberpowercordareveryhigh.
3.Theproductneedstobemoved,bent,twisted,etc.frequentlywhenused,sothepowercordisrequiredtobesoft,stableinstructure,noteasytokink,etc.,andhaveacertaindegreeofwear.
4.Structure
1)Conductivepowercordcore:coppercore,flexiblestructure,twistedbymultiplesinglewirebundles:flexibleconductorgenerallyadoptscategory5Ortype6conductorstructure.
2)Insulation:rubberisgenerallyusedasinsulationmaterial.
3)Thecablepitchmultipleissmall.
4)Manyproductsusemetalbraiding,uniformelectricfield,andimprovethesensitivitydisplayofinsulationstatus.
5)Thereisathickeroutersheath,andthecolorseparationiscarriedoutinthemineatthesametime,sothattheconstructionpersonnelcanunderstandthedifferentvoltagelevelsusedbytherubberpowercord.
Seismicrubberpowercord
1.Landuse:smallouterdiameter,lightweight,soft,abrasionresistance,bendingresistance,weatherresistance,waterresistance,Anti-interference,goodinsulationperformance,easyidentificationofcorewire,convenientcompletesetorganization.
Thewireisinsulatedwithasoftstructureorthinenameledwire,thecoreistwistedandseparated,theinsulationismadeofmaterialswithlowdielectriccoefficient,andthesheathismadeofpolyurethane.
2.Aviation:non-magnetic,tensilestrength,smallouterdiameter,lightweight.
Copperconductor
3.Marineuse:goodsoundpermeability,goodwaterresistance,moderatefloating,abletofloattoacertaindepthunderwater,tensile,bending,andinterferenceresistancegood.
Specialsound-permeablematerial,reinforcedwirecoreorarmoredfoaminnersheathtoadjustthedegreeoffloating.
Drillingrubberpowercord
1.Load-bearingrubberpowercord:outerdiameterisusuallylessthan12mm;lengthislong,singlelengthsupplyismorethan3500m;Oilandgasresistance,waterpressureresistance120MPa(1200timesatmosphericpressure);hightemperatureresistance:100℃ormore;anti-interferenceandtensilestrength:44KNormore;wearresistanceandhydrogensulfidegasresistance;allarmoredsteelstrandsarebroken,Donotdisperse,otherwiseitwillcauseawastewell.
1)Conductorwithflexiblestructureandtinplated;2)Hightemperatureresistantpolypropylene,ethylene-propylenerubberorfluoroplasticsforinsulation;3)Semi-conductivematerialsforshielding;4)High-strengthgalvanizingforarmorSteelwire;5)Usespecialmanufacturingtechnology.
2.Perforatedrubberpowercord:theholecross-sectionalareaandtensileforcearelarge,wear-resistant,vibrate,andnotloose.
1)Mediumflexiblestructureforconductor;2)Polypropylene,ethylene-propylenerubberorotherhightemperatureresistantmaterialsforinsulation;3)Correctsizeofconductor,insulationandarmor.
3.Rubberpowercordsforcoalfield,non-metal,metal,geothermal,hydrological,underwater,etc.surveys.
1)Reinforcedcoreandinnerarmor;2)Conductorissoftcopperwire;3)Ordinaryrubberforinsulation;4)Neoprenesheathforsheath;5)Metalornon-metalarmorforspecialcircumstances6)Coaxialrubberpowercordsshouldbeusedforunderwaterrubberpowercords;7)Integrateddetectorsshouldhavefunctionssuchaspowerandcommunication.
4.Submersiblepumprubberpowercord:Theouterdiameterofthetubingissmall,andtheoutersizeoftherubberpowercordisrequiredtobesmall;thedepthofthewellisincreased,thepowerislarge,theinsulationisrequiredtowithstandhightemperature,highpressure,andthestructureisstable;goodelectricalperformanceandinsulationGoodperformance,lowleakagecurrent;longlife,stablestructure,reusability;goodmechanicalproperties.
1)Forsmallandmedium-sizedtubing,useflatrubberpowercordstoensuresmalldimensions;solidconductors,largecross-sections:strandedconductors,roundrubberpowercords;2.)LeadrubberpowercordsThecoreusespolyimide-fluorine46sinteredwire,ethylene-propyleneinsulation;thepowerrubberpowercordusesethylene-propylene,cross-linkedpolyethyleneheat-resistantinsulation;3)thesheathusesoil-resistantneoprene,chlorosulfonatedpolyethyleneandotheroil-resistantHightemperatureresistantmaterials,leadsheath,etc.;4)Useinterlockingarmor;5)Halogen-proofstructure,addahalogen-proofsheathtothebarearmor.
Elevatorrubberpowercord
1.Therubberpowercordshouldbehungfreelyandfullytwistedbeforeuse.Therubberpowercord'sreinforcingcoreshouldbefixed.Atthesametimebearthetensileforce;
2.Multiplerubberpowercordsshouldbelaidinrows.Duringoperation,therubberpowercordsmoveupanddownwiththeelevator,movingandbendingfrequently,requiringsoftnessandgoodbendingperformance;
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3.Therubberpowercordislaidvertically,requiringacertaintensilestrength;
4.Theworkingenvironmentmustbefireproofifthereisoilpollution,andtherubberpowercordmustnotbeflame-retardant;
5.Smallouterdiameterandlightweightarerequired.
6.Structure
1)Use0.2mmroundcoppersinglewirebundletotwist,wraptheisolationlayerbetweentheinsulationandtheconductor,andtwistinthesamedirectionwhenformingthecabletoincreasetherubberpowercordSoftnessandbendingperformance;
2)Rubberpowercordreinforcedcoreisaddedtotherubberpowercordtowithstandmechanicaltension.Thereinforcedcoreismadeofnylonrope,steelwireropeandothermaterialstoincreasethetensilestrengthoftherubberpowercord;
3)TheYTFtyperubberpowercordadoptsaneoprene-basedsheathtoimprovetheweatherresistanceandnon-flammabilityoftherubberpowercord.
Controlsignalrubberpowercord
1.Sincethecontrolsignalrubberpowercordisusedtocontrolthemeasurementsystem,therubberpowercordisrequiredtoworksafelyandreliably;
2.Generallyfixedlaying,buttheconnectionbetweentherubberpowercordandtheequipmentisrequiredtobesoftandabletowithstandmultiplebendswithoutbreaking;
3,Theworkingvoltageis380Vandbelow,andthevoltageofthesignalrubberpowercordislower;
4.Theworkingcurrentofthesignalrubberpowercordisgenerallybelow4A.Whenthecontrolrubberpowercordisusedasthemainequipmentloop,thecurrentisslightlylarger.,Sothesectioncanbeselectedaccordingtothelinevoltagedropandmechanicalproperties.
5.Structure
1)Thewireadoptscoppercore,andthefixedlayingadoptsasinglestructurewithanadditional7strandedstructure;themobileadoptsacategory5softconductorstructuretomeettherequirementsofflexibilityanddurability.Bendingperformance;2)Insulationismainlymadeofpolyethylene,polyvinylchloride,naturalstyrenebutadienerubber,etc.;3)Insulatedcoresshouldbecabledinreversetomakethestructuremorestable;forfieldrubberpowercables,nylonropesshouldbeusedtofillthecables.,Increasethetensilecapacity,andthesamedirectioncablecanincreasethesoftness;4)Sheath:mainlyusepolyvinylchloride,neoprenerubberandnitrilepolyvinylchloridecompound.
DChighvoltagerubberpowercord
1.Zhihanhighvoltagerubberpowercordhasawiderangeofapplications,mainlyusedinnewtechnologyequipmentinvariousindustriesAbove,suchasX-raymachines,electronbeamprocessing,electronbombardmentfurnaceelectronguns,electrostaticspraypaint,etc.,theseproductsgenerallyhavealargepowersupply,sothefilamentcurrentpassedthroughtherubberpowercordisalsorelativelylarge,uptotensofamperes;Thevoltagevariesfrom10KVto200KV;
2,mostoftherubberpowercordsarefixedlylaidandgenerallynotindirectcontactwithhumans;
3,therubberpowercordstransmitmoreenergyandrequireConsidertheallowableoperatingtemperatureofthehotrubberpowercord;
4.Someequipmentisusedforshort-timedischargeatafrequency,andtherubberpowercordmustwithstand2.5-4timesthevoltage.Therefore,sufficientelectricalstrengthmustbeconsidered;
5.Sincevariousequipmenthasnotbeenstandardizedandserialized,theworkingvoltagebetweenthefilamentsofthesametypeofequipment,theworkbetweenthefilamentcoreandthegridcoreThevoltagesarealldifferent,sochoosethemseparately.
6.Structure
1)Conductivepowercordcore:thecoreisgenerally3-core,andtherearealso4-coreor5-core;2)3-corerubberpowercordisgenerallyheatedbytwofilamentsCore,acontrolwirecore;thewireandtheshieldbearDChighvoltage;3)The3-corerubberpowercordhastwoforms:oneissimilartotheXrubberpowercord,whichusessplit-phaseinsulationandthenasemi-conductivelayerandahigh-voltagelayer.;Theotherusesthecontrolcoreasthecentralconductor,andafterextrudingtheinsulation,thetwofilamentsaretwistedconcentrically,andthenthesemiconductinglayerandthehigh-voltageinsulationlayerareextruded;thehigh-voltageinsulationlayer:Generally,themaximumDCfieldstrengthofnaturalstyrene-butadienerubberistaken27KV/mm,35KV/mmforethylene-propyleneinsulation;4)Outershieldinglayer:0.15-0.20mmtinnedcopperwirebraidedwithabraidingdensityofnotlessthan65%;ormetaltapewrapping;5)Sheath,usingspecialSoftpolyvinylchlorideornitrilepolyvinylchlorideextrudedpackage.
Twisted-pairpowercord
Fortwisted-paircables,usersaremostconcernedaboutseveralindicatorsthatcharacterizetheirperformance.Theseindicatorsincludeattenuation,near-endcrosstalk,impedancecharacteristics,distributedcapacitance,DCresistance,etc.
(1)Attenuation
Attenuationisameasureofsignallossalongthelink.Attenuationisrelatedtothelengthofthecable.Asthelengthincreases,thesignalattenuationalsoincreases.Attenuationuses"db"astheunit,whichrepresentstheratioofthesignalstrengthofthesourcetransmittingendtothereceivingend.Sinceattenuationvarieswithfrequency,theattenuationatallfrequencieswithintheapplicationrangeshouldbemeasured.
(2)Near-endcrosstalk
Crosstalkisdividedintonear-endcrosstalkandfar-endcrosstalk(FEXT).ThetestermainlymeasuresNEXT.Loss,sotheinfluenceofthemagnitudeofFEXTissmall.Near-endcrosstalk(NEXT)lossisameasurementofsignalcouplingfromonepairofwirestoanotherpairofwiresinaUTPlink.ForUTPlinks,NEXTisakeyperformanceindex,anditisalsothemostdifficultindextoaccuratelymeasure.Asthesignalfrequencyincreases,itsmeasurementdifficultywillincrease.NEXTdoesnotmeanthecrosstalkvaluegeneratedatthenearendpoint,itjustmeansthecrosstalkvaluemeasuredatthenearendpoint.Thisvaluewillvarywiththelengthofthecable,thelongerthecable,thesmallerthevaluebecomes.Atthesametime,thesignalatthetransmittingendwillbeattenuated,andthecrosstalktootherwirepairswillberelativelysmall.ExperimentshaveprovedthatonlytheNEXTmeasuredwithin40metersismorereal.Iftheotherendisaninformationsocketfartherthan40meters,thenitwillproduceacertaindegreeofcrosstalk,butthetestermaynotbeabletomeasurethiscrosstalkvalue.Therefore,itisbesttoperformNEXTmeasurementsatbothendpoints.ThetesterisequippedwithcorrespondingequipmentsothattheNEXTvalueatbothendscanbemeasuredatoneendofthelink.
(3)DCresistance
TSB67doesnothavethisparameter.TheDCloopresistanceconsumespartofthesignalandconvertsitintoheat.Itreferstothesumoftheresistanceofapairofwires.TheDCresistanceofthe11801twistedpairmustnotbegreaterthan19.2ohms.Thedifferencebetweeneachpairshouldnotbetoolarge(lessthan0.1ohm),otherwiseitmeansthatthecontactispoor,andtheconnectionpointmustbechecked.
(4)Characteristicimpedance
DifferentfromtheloopDCresistance,thecharacteristicimpedanceincludesresistanceandthefrequencyof1～100MHzinductanceimpedanceandcapacitanceimpedance.Itisrelatedtothedistancebetweenapairofwiresandtheelectricalperformanceoftheinsulator.Variouscableshavedifferentcharacteristicimpedances,andtwisted-paircableshave100ohms,120ohmsand150ohms.
(5)Attenuationcrosstalkratio(ACR)
Insomefrequencyranges,Theproportionalrelationshipbetweencrosstalkandattenuationisanotherimportantparameterreflectingcableperformance.ACRissometimesexpressedintermsofsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR:Signal-Noiceratio),whichiscalculatedfromthedifferencebetweentheworstattenuationandtheNEXTvalue.ThelargertheACRvalue,thestrongertheanti-interferenceability.Thegeneralsystemrequirementsareatleastgreaterthan10decibels.
(6)Cablecharacteristics
Thequalityofthecommunicationchannelisdescribedbyitscablecharacteristics.SNRisameasureofthestrengthofthedatasignaltakingintoaccounttheinterferencesignal.IftheSNRistoolow,itwillcausethereceivertobeunabletodistinguishbetweenthedatasignalandthenoisesignalwhenthedatasignalisreceived,whichwilleventuallycausedataerrors.Therefore,inordertolimitthedataerrorwithinacertainrange,aminimumacceptableSNRmustbedefined.
Identificationmethod
1.Lookatthequalitycertificateofthehomeappliance
Ifthequalityofthehomeapplianceisqualified,thenthequalityofthepowercordofthehomeapplianceItshouldhavebeentested,andtherewon'tbetoomanyproblems.
Second,checkthecross-sectionofthewire
Thecross-sectionofthewire,thesurfaceofthecoppercoreoraluminumcoreofthequalifiedproductshouldhavemetalliclusterandblackcoppersurfaceOrthewhitealuminumonthesurfaceindicatesthatithasbeenoxidizedandisasubstandardproduct.
3.Lookattheappearanceofthepowercord
Theinsulating(sheath)layerofqualifiedproductsissoft,toughandflexible,andthesurfacelayeriscompactandsmooth.,Noroughness,andpuregloss.Thesurfaceoftheinsulation(sheath)layershouldhaveclearandscratch-resistantmarks.Productsmadeofinformalinsulationmaterials,theinsulationlayerfeelstransparent,brittle,andnon-tough.
Four.Lookatthecoreofthepowercord
Thecoreismadeofpurecopperrawmaterialsandhasundergonestrictdrawing,annealing,andstranding.ThesurfaceshouldbeBright,smooth,noburr,flattwistedtightness,softandtough,noteasytobreak.
Fifth,lookatthelengthofthepowercord
Differentelectricalappliancesrequiredifferentpowercordlengths,soit’sbestfordecorationownerstounderstandbeforepurchasingWhatisthelengthofaqualifiedpowercord,sothatyoucanknowitwhenyoubuyelectricalappliances.
Inordertoensurethenormaluseandresidentialsafetyofhomeappliances,decorationownersmustpayattentiontotheselectionofpowercordsandcarefullychecktheirqualitywhenpurchasinghomeappliances.Ifthequalityofthepowercordsisunqualified,itisbestnottochooseBuythisappliancesoasnottocausetroubletoyourself.
Typesofplugs
Therearegenerallyfourtypesofpowercordplugsthatarecommonlyused
First,Europeanplugs
①Europeanplug:alsocalledFrenchstandardplugandpipeplug
Theplughassupplierandsupplierspecificationsandmodelssuchas:KE-006YX-002andothercountries'certification:(D(Denmark);N(Norway);S(Sweden);VDE(Germany);FI(Finland);IMQ(Italy);KEMA(Netherlands);CEBEC(Belgium).
Productsuffix:N/1225
②Thepowercordidentificationindicatesthebandcode:H05VV□□F3G0.75mm2:
H:mm2identification
05:Indicatesthevoltageresistanceofthepowercord(03:300V05:500V)
VV:thefrontVsurfacecoreinsulationlayer,thebackVrepresentsthesheathinsulationofthepowercordLayer,VVsuchas:RRmeansrubberinsulationlayer,suchasVV:Nmeansneoprene;□□:thefront"□"specialbandcode,theback"□"meansflatIfH2isaddedtoindicateaflattwo-corewire;
F:indicatesthatthewireisasoftwire
3:indicatesthenumberofinnercores
G:Meansgrounding
0.75mA:meansthecross-sectionalareaofthepowercord
③PVC:materialreferstothematerialofthereinforcedinsulationlayerwithhightemperatureresistancebelow80℃,softPVCstillhas78°55°Hardness,thehigherthenumber,theharderthetemperatureresistanceis.Thehigherthetemperatureresistanceoftherubberwire,itcanwithstandbelow200℃.Usethesamesofthardness(PVC)softwire.
Second,Britishplug
①Britishplug:240V50HZwithstandvoltage3750V3S0.5mA,fuse(3A5A10A13A)(FUSE)→fuse,sizerequirement:totallength25-26.2mm,middlediameter4.7-Thediameterofthemetalcapsatbothendsofthe6.3mmis6.25-6.5mm(silkscreenBS1362);
②Theinternalwireoftheplug(disconnecttheBSplugandfaceittotherightoftheLwire(fire)toconnectthefuse,thegroundwireThelengthmustbegreaterthan3timesthelengthofthe(livewire,neutralwire).Loosenthefixingscrewandpullitoutwithanexternalforce.Thegroundmustfalloffattheend(thefixingscrewsforfixingthethreewiresmustbetapered).
③TheidentificationofthepowercordisthesameastheEuropeanplug.
Three,theAmericanplug
①TheAmericanplug:120V50/60HZisdividedintotwo-coreandthree-coreWireandpolarity,non-polarity,thecoppersheetofthepowerplugtotheUnitedStatesmusthaveaplugterminalsheath;
Thelineprintedonthetwo-corewireindicatesthelivewire;theconnectionwirewiththelargepolarityplugpinIstheneutralwire,andtheconnectionwirewiththesmallerfootisthelivewire(thepowercordisconcaveConvexsurfaceiszero,wireroundsurfaceislivewire);
②Thewirehastwomodes:NISPT-2double-layerinsulation,XTVandSPTsingle-layerinsulation
NISPT-2:NISPTIndicatesdouble-layerinsulation,-2surfacetwo-corewirecoreinsulationouterlayerinsulation;
XTVandSPT:Indicatesasingle-layerinsulationlayer,-2surfacetwo-corewire(linebodywithgroove,outerlayerInsulationisdirectlycoveredwithcoppercoreconductor);
SPT-3:indicatesasingle-layerinsulationwithagroundwire,-3indicatesathree-corewire(thewirebodyhasagroove,andthegroundwireinthemiddleisdouble-layerinsulation);
SPTandNISPTarebothbiasedwires,andSVTisroundwiredouble-layerinsulation.Coreinsulationandouterinsulation
③AmericanplugsgenerallyusethecertificationnumberwithoutmarkingtheULpatterndirectlyontheplug.Suchas:E233157E236618,andprintedontheoutercoverofthewire.
④TheAmericanplugwireisdifferentfromtheEuropeanplugwire:
TheEuropeanplugisrepresentedby"H";
HowmanywiresareusedintheUSstandard,suchas:2×1.31mm2(16AWG),2×0.824mm2(18AWG):VW-1(orHPN)60°C(or105°C)300Vmm2number;
1.31or0.824mm2:means:wirecorecross-sectionalarea;
16AWG:meanswirecorediecross-sectionalarea,sameasabovemm2iscorresponding;
VW-1orHPN:VW-1isPVCmaterialmm2isneoprenematerial;
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60°Cor150°Cisthetemperatureresistanceofthepowercord;
300V:ThevoltageresistanceofthepowercordisdifferentfromtheEuropeanstandard(Europeanstandardisrepresentedby03or05).
Four.Japaneseplugs:PSE,JET
VFF2*0.75mm2-F-
①VFF:VindicateswirematerialPVC;FFisasingle-layerinsulationlayerwithgroovedlinebody;
②VCTFK:VCsurfacewireismadeofPVC;TFKisadouble-layerinsulationlayerbiasedline,theouterlayerisinsulatedmm2Layer,coppercorewire;
③VCTF:VCmeansthewirematerialisPVC;TFisdoubleinsulatedroundwire;
④Therearetwotypesofpowercords:oneis3×0.75mm2,theotheris2×0.75mm2.
3×0.75mm2:3meansthree-corewire;0.75mm2meanswirecorecross-sectionalarea;
⑤F:indicatesthematerialofthesoftcable;
⑥TheJapaneseplugthree-coreplugisonlymm2linedirectlylockedonthesocket(goodsafetyandconvenience).
Fifth,thecross-sectionalareaofthesoftwirefortheratedcurrentoftheappliance:
①Thecross-sectionalareaofthesoftwireforappliancesgreaterthan0.2andlessthanorequalto3A：0.5and0.75mm2
②Thecross-sectionalareaofthecordforappliancesgreaterthan3Aandlessthanorequalto6A:0.75and1.0mm2
③Cross-sectionalareaofflexiblecordforappliancesgreaterthan6Aandlessthanorequalto10A:1.0and1.5mm2
④Greaterthan10Aandlessthanorequaltomm2Cross-sectionalareaofcord:1.5and2.5mm2
⑤Cross-sectionalareaofcordforappliancesgreaterthan16Aandlessthanorequalto25A:2.5and4.0mm2
⑥Cross-sectionalareaofflexiblecordforappliancesgreaterthan25Aandlessthanorequalto32A:4.0and6.0mm2
⑦Lessthan32ACross-sectionalareaofmm2equalto40A:6.0and10.0mm2
⑧Cross-sectionalareaofcordforappliancesgreaterthan40Aandlessthanorequalto63A:10.0and16.0mm2
Six.WhatpowercordtypeisusedforapplianceswhosequalityexceedsKG:
3kgThefollowingelectricalappliances(appliances)useH03powercords;
Note:Thesoft(F)bodypowercordcannotbeincontactwithpointedorsharpappliances,andthepowercordofthesoft(F)cordisundercontactorThejointpressurecannotbereinforcedby(lead,tin)soldering.The"easytofall"mustpassthe40-60Nrelayandcannotfalloff.
7.Powercordtemperaturerisetestandmechanicalstrengthtest
①Polyvinylchloride(PVC)materiallineandrubberline:assembledonelectricalproductsWarm-opentestpowercordbranchingpointdoesnotexceed50K(75℃);
②Powercordswingtest:(fixedplugswingpowercord)
Thefirsttype:normaloperationWhenthewirewillbebent,adda2kgloadtothepowercord90°vertical(twolinesoftheline45°)swing20,000times.Thepowercordbodyandplugmustnotbeabnormalandmustbeconductive(frequency1minute60times);
Thesecondtype:thewirethatisbentduringusermaintenance(thewirethatwillnotbendduringnormaloperation)istestedfor200timeswitha2kgloadonthepowercord,andthereisnoabnormality(frequency1minute6times).
Technicalparameters
Technicalstandards
Theselectionofpowercordsiscarriedoutinaccordancewithsomeprinciples.Theso-calledindispensable,reflectionItisnotfabricatedoutofthinair,andsoisthepowercord.Thequalityandappearanceandotherrelatedrequirementsarealsoimplementedinaccordancewiththepowercordcertificationregulations.Themanufacturingpowercordsmustbebasedonthefollowingprinciples:(1)AccordingtotheMinistry’s"PowerSystemDesignTechnicalRegulations"SDJ161-85Electricity
Requirementsforselectionofpowertransmissionconductorcross-sectionselectionofDCtransmissionpowerlineconductorcross-section;
(2)"110~500kVoverheadtransmissionlinedesigntechnicalspecification"DL/T5092-1999;
(3)"TechnicalGuidelinesforHighVoltageDirectCurrentOverheadTransmissionLines"DL436-2005.
Meaningsofwireandcablespecificationsandmodels
RV:Coppercorevinylchlorideinsulatedconnectingcable(wire).
AVR:Tinnedcoppercorepolyethyleneinsulatedflatconnectionflexiblecable(wire).
RVB:CoppercorePVCflatconnectionwire.
RVS:CoppercorePVCstrandedconnectingwire.
RVV:CoppercorePVCinsulatedPVCsheathedroundconnectionflexiblecable.
ARVV:TinnedcoppercorePVCinsulatedPVCsheathedflatconnectionflexiblecable.
RVVB:CoppercorePVCinsulatedPVCsheathedflatconnectionflexiblecable.
RV-105:Coppercoreheat-resistant105.CPVCinsulatedPVCinsulatedconnectionflexiblecable.
AF-205AFS-250AFP-250:Silver-platedpolychloroethylenefluorideplasticinsulationforhightemperatureresistance-60.C~250.CConnecttheflexiblecable.