Special equipment

Development

Special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large-scale Eight types of equipment: amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory). In order to ensure the safe operation of special equipment, the state has strict regulations on the production, use, inspection and testing of all types of special equipment, and the supervision of the whole process is implemented. According to the "2013-2017 China Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Industry Market Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" statistics, as of the end of 2011, the number of comprehensive inspection institutions for special equipment across the country has reached 545, including quality inspection departments. Subordinate inspection institutions, industry inspection institutions and enterprise self-inspection institutions, in addition to type testing institutions, non-destructive testing institutions, gas cylinder inspection institutions, etc.

However, there are still many problems in my country's special equipment inspection and testing institutions. For example: the inspection resources are not effectively allocated, the inspection agency is small in scale, and the ability to resist risks is weak; the infrastructure needs to be improved urgently, the technical equipment is insufficient, the testing instruments are outdated, the high-tech testing equipment and technology are lacking; the personnel structure of the inspection agency is unreasonable and the lack of high-quality management And technical talents; inspection agencies have not really established self-discipline, incentive, and development mechanisms. Therefore, in the future, my country needs to further actively and steadily promote the reform and innovation of inspection institutions, and promote inspection institutions to take the path of joint reorganization and large-scale development by adjusting the approval conditions for special equipment inspection institutions. In addition, with the increasingly mature application of non-destructive testing technology in special equipment testing, more and more third-party non-destructive testing agencies have entered the field of special equipment testing, resulting in increasingly fierce competition.

Definition of Regulations

The special equipment referred to in the "Special Equipment Safety Law" refers to boilers and pressure vessels (including gas cylinders, The same below), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory), as well as other special equipment for which this law is applicable to laws and administrative regulations.

The state implements catalog management of special equipment. The special equipment catalog is formulated by the department responsible for the safety supervision and management of special equipment under the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the special equipment safety supervision and administration department of the State Council), and shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council.

Quality Judicial Appraisal

According to the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau Order No. 4 "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", product quality arbitration inspection and quality appraisal are carried out , Inspection and appraisal of quality accident appraisal, product loss appraisal, post-disaster appraisal, etc.

According to the "Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China", "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", it has been approved by the Quality Supervision Bureau above the provincial level The special equipment judicial appraisal institutions that have issued special equipment full-field quality appraisal qualification certificates and obtained the registration of the high court at or above the provincial level are Zhejiang Joint Applied Science Research Institute.

Special equipment classification

Pressure special equipment

(1) Boiler refers to the use of various fuels, electricity or Other energy sources are equipment that heats the contained liquid to certain parameters and provides heat energy in the form of external output media. The range is specified as the design normal water level volume is greater than or equal to 30L, and the rated steam pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (table Pressure) pressure-bearing steam boilers; pressure-bearing hot water boilers with outlet water pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; organic heat carrier boilers with rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW.

(2) Pressure vessel refers to a closed device that contains gas or liquid and carries a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as gas, liquefied gas and maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) Liquids with working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, fixed containers and mobile containers with a volume greater than or equal to 30L and an inner diameter (non-circular section refers to the maximum geometric size of the inner boundary of the section) greater than or equal to 150mm; the nominal working pressure of the container is greater than Or equal to 0.2MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 1.0MPa·L, liquefied gas, and liquid cylinder with standard boiling point equal to or lower than 60℃; oxygen chamber.

(3) Pressure pipeline refers to the tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid by using a certain pressure. Its range is specified as the maximum working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), and the medium is gas , Liquefied gas, steam or flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, liquid with a maximum working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, and a pipe with a nominal diameter greater than or equal to 50mm. Except the pipelines that transport non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive gases and the pipelines of the equipment body whose nominal diameter is less than 150mm and the highest working pressure is less than 1.6MPa (gauge pressure). Among them, the safety supervision and management of oil and natural gas pipelines should also be implemented in accordance with the "Safety Production Law", "Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Protection Law" and other laws and regulations.

Electromechanical special equipment

(1) Elevator refers to a power-driven, using a box running along a rigid guide rail or a step running along a fixed line (Stepping), electromechanical equipment for lifting or transporting people and goods in parallel, including manned (cargo) elevators, escalators, moving walks, etc. Except for elevators installed in non-public places and only used by a single family.

(2) Lifting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects, and its scope is specified as a lift with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5t; rated lifting capacity Cranes greater than or equal to 3t (or tower cranes with a rated lifting moment greater than or equal to 40t·m, or loading and unloading bridges with a productivity greater than or equal to 300t/h) and a lifting height greater than or equal to 2m; the number of floors is greater than or equal to 2 Level of mechanical parking equipment.

(3) Passenger ropeway refers to electromechanical equipment driven by power that uses flexible rope towing boxes and other vehicles to transport people, including passenger aerial ropeways, passenger cable cars, and passenger towing ropeways. Except for non-public passenger ropeways and passenger ropeways dedicated to internal commuting.

(4) Large-scale amusement facilities refer to facilities that are used for business purposes and carry passenger amusement. The scope of the facilities is that the designed maximum operating linear speed is greater than or equal to 2m/s, or the operating altitude is higher than the ground Or a large-scale manned amusement facility equal to 2m. Except for large-scale amusement facilities used for sports, theatrical performances and non-business activities.

(5) Special motor vehicles in the field (factory) refer to special motor vehicles that are used only in specific areas such as factory areas, tourist attractions, and playgrounds, except for road traffic and agricultural vehicles.

Special equipment includes its materials, attached safety accessories, safety protection devices and facilities related to safety protection devices.

The "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" has been adopted by the third meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on June 29, 2013, since January 1, 2014 It will come into effect today. In November 2014, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine announced the newly revised "Special Equipment Catalog". On February 22, 2016, the special equipment safety technical specification TSG21-2016 "Stationary Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" was formulated, and on January 16, 2017, the special equipment safety technical specification TSG08-2017 "Special Equipment License Rules" was formulated. Further refine the management and strengthen the safety supervision of special equipment.

Operating procedures

Special equipment is divided into pressure-bearing special equipment and electromechanical special equipment. Pressure-bearing special equipment mainly includes boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), and pressure pipes. , Electromechanical special equipment mainly includes elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory).

Special equipment operating procedures:

① Before the equipment is operated, do various pre-operation inspections, including: power supply voltage and status of each switch , Safety protection devices and on-site operating environment, etc. Any abnormality should be dealt with in time, and it is forbidden to operate the equipment forcibly without inspection.

② When the equipment is in operation, strictly record the operation records in accordance with the regulations, check the equipment operation status and perform necessary inspections as required; according to the economic and practical working principle, adjust the equipment in the best working condition and reduce the equipment Energy consumption.

③. When the equipment fails, it should stop running immediately, and at the same time report to the supervisor immediately, and troubleshoot or repair as soon as possible to ensure normal operation. It is strictly forbidden to operate the equipment in a faulty state.

④ When the equipment stops running due to the action of the equipment safety protection device. Corresponding troubleshooting should be carried out according to the fault display. If it is difficult to handle for a while, while reporting to the leadership, professional and technical personnel should be organized to investigate the fault, and based on the results of the investigation, repair the faulty equipment. It is forbidden to forcibly send power to run when the fault is unclear.

⑤. When an emergency occurs in the equipment that may endanger personal safety, the operator should immediately evacuate the operation site after taking necessary control measures to prevent casualties.

Equipment overhaul, transformation, movement, scrapping, renewal and dismantling shall strictly comply with the relevant national regulations, examine and approve level by level within the unit, and go through the corresponding procedures with the special equipment safety supervision department. It is strictly forbidden to overhaul, transform, move, scrap, update and dismantle equipment that has not been approved or does not meet national regulations without authorization. Once discovered, the person responsible shall be responsible for the accident caused by it in addition to serious treatment.

Generally, the special equipment referred to in our daily life is specified in the "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations" issued by the State Council. The special equipment referred to in the regulations refers to boilers and pressure vessels that are life-safe and dangerous. (Including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities.

In 2010, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine added new motor vehicles in the field (factory), so there are now eight categories instead of seven.

Equipment Catalog

According to the "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations", the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine revised the "Special Equipment Catalog", which was approved by the State Council , Is now announced and implemented. At the same time, the "Notice on Publication" (National Quality Inspection Pot [2004] No. 31) and the "Notice on Supplementing the Special Equipment Catalogue" (National Quality Inspection Special [2010] No. 22) were abolished.

Tank Truck

Seamless gas cylinder

Gantry crane

Operational safety

(1) Preparatory work before maintenance, equipment parking steps and precautions

①Preparation before boiler maintenance First, the boiler should be shut down according to the normal shutdown procedure and cooled slowly. Open each door hole to prevent scalding by steam, hot water or smoke. Then, the steam, water supply, sewage and other pipes on the inspected boiler are separated from the corresponding pipes of other operating boilers with blind plates, and the flue of the inspected boiler is separated from the main flue or other flue of the operating boiler. The location of the partition must be clearly indicated.

②Preparation for pressure vessel maintenance Use blind plates to completely cut off the connecting pipes between the vessel and external equipment, especially cut off the passage with flammable or toxic media equipment. All the media inside the container should be drained. For flammable, toxic or suffocating media, technical treatments such as cleaning, replacement, and disinfection should also be carried out, and sampling and analysis should be carried out. Cut off all power sources related to the container.

③Safety precautions during maintenance (a) Pay attention to ventilation and monitoring. Before entering the equipment, open the manholes on the drum and container and the hand holes on the header to fully ventilate; when entering the equipment for maintenance , Ventilation should be maintained, and someone outside the equipment must be supervised. (b) Pay attention to the safety of electricity. When inspecting and repairing narrow and humid equipment, use low-voltage explosion-proof lamps with a voltage not exceeding 12V or 24V for lighting. Open flame lighting is strictly prohibited. (c) During the inspection of connecting parts without pressure, if it is necessary to remove or tighten the fasteners of the pressure-bearing parts, the pressure must be completely released before proceeding to prevent accidents.

(2) Use of safety protection products and personal safety monitoring

Should be used in accordance with the requirements of each type of protection equipment. When in use, it must be worn carefully and fully during the entire contact time. Workers should make full use of the self-protection provided by personal protective equipment to reduce the hazards caused during the overhaul.