Basicconcepts
Variousapplicationsoftware,althoughthecompletedtasksaredifferent,theyallneedsomecommonbasicoperations,suchasobtainingdatafrominputdevicesandsendingdatatooutputdevices.Senddata,writedatatoexternalstorage,readdatafromexternalstorage,routinemanagementofdata,etc.Thesebasictasksarealsocompletedbyaseriesofinstructions.Peoplegrouptheseinstructionstogethertoformspecialsoftwaretosupporttheoperationofapplicationsoftware.Thiskindofsoftwareiscalledsystemsoftware.Generallyspeaking,thesystemsoftwareincludestheoperatingsystemandaseriesofbasictools(suchascompiler,databasemanagement,memoryformatting,filesystemmanagement,userauthentication,drivemanagement,networkconnectionandothertools),whichsupportscomputersystemsThepartofthesoftwarethatrunsnormallyandimplementsuseroperations.
Thesystemsoftwareisgenerallycarriedwiththecomputersystemwhenpurchasingit,oritcanbeinstalledseparatelyasneeded.
Features
Themainfeaturesofthesystemsoftwareare:
*Ithasstronginteractionwithhardware
*CanshareresourcesCarryingoutschedulingmanagement
*Itcansolvethecoordinationproblemsexistinginconcurrentoperationprocessing
*Thedatastructureiscomplex,andtheexternalinterfaceisdiversified,whichisconvenientforuserstouserepeatedly
Maincategories
Whilethesystemsoftwareprovidestheabove-mentionedbasicfunctionsfortheapplicationsoftware,italsomanagesthehardware,sothatdifferentapplicationsoftwarerunningsimultaneouslyorsuccessivelyonacomputercanusethehardwareequipmentinanorderlymanner..Forexample,twoapplicationsoftwaremuststoreandmodifydatatotheharddisk.Ifthereisnocoordinationandmanagementorganizationtodelineatetheareaforthem,itwillinevitablyleadtomutualdestructionofeachother'sdata.
Representativesystemsoftwareincludes:
Operatingsystem
Theoperatingsystemmanagesthecomputer'shardwareequipment,sothattheapplicationsoftwarecanusetheseequipmentconvenientlyandefficiently..Commononesonmicrocomputersare:DOS,WINDOWS,UNIX,OS/2,etc.
Themostimportantandbasicthingincomputersoftwareistheoperatingsystem(OS).Itisthelowestlevelsoftware,whichcontrolsalltheprogramsrunningonthecomputerandmanagestheresourcesoftheentirecomputer.Itisthebridgebetweenthebaremetalofthecomputerandtheapplicationsandusers.Withoutit,userscannotusecertainsoftwareorprograms.
Operatingsystem(5photos)
Theoperatingsystemisthecontrolandmanagementcenterofthecomputersystem.Fromtheperspectiveofresources,ithasaprocessor,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,andfilemanagement.4functions.
ThecommonlyusedsystemsincludeDOSoperatingsystem,WINDOWSoperatingsystem,UNIXoperatingsystem,Linux,Netwareandotheroperatingsystems.
Languageprocessingprogram
CompiledsoftwareCPUexecuteseachinstructionandonlycompletesaverysimpleoperation.Asystemsoftwareorapplicationsoftwarecancostthousandsorevenhundredsofmillions.Acombinationofinstructions.Writingsoftwaredirectlywithbasicinstructionsisanextremelyarduousanddifficulttask.
Computerscanonlydirectlyrecognizeandexecutemachinelanguage.Therefore,torunhigh-levellanguageprogramsonthecomputer,itmustbeequippedwithaprogramlanguagetranslationprogram.Thetranslationprogramitselfisasetofprograms,anddifferenthigh-levellanguageshavecorrespondingtranslations.program.
Languageprocessingprogramssuchasassemblylanguageassembler,Clanguagecompiler,linker,etc.
Inordertoimproveefficiency,peoplestipulateanewsetofinstructions,calledhigh-levellanguages,inwhicheachinstructioncompletesanoperation.Thisoperationissimpleandbasiccomparedtotheoverallfunctionofthesoftware.ComparedwiththeCPUoperation,itismorecomplicated.Usingthishigh-levellanguagetowriteprograms(calledsourceprograms)islikebuildingahousewithprefabricatedboardsinsteadofbricks,whichismuchmoreefficient.However,theCPUcannotdirectlyexecutethesenewinstructions.Itisnecessarytowriteasoftwarethatisspecificallyusedtotranslateeachinstructioninthesourceprogramintoaseriesofbasicinstructions(alsocalledmachinelanguage)thattheCPUcanaccept,sothatthesourceprogramcanbeconvertedintoacomputer.Theprogramthatrunson.Thesoftwarethatcompletesthistranslationiscalledhigh-levellanguagecompilationsoftware,andtheyareusuallyclassifiedassystemsoftware.Atpresent,thecommonlyusedhigh-levellanguagesincludeVB,C++,JAVA,etc.,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristicsandissuitableforwritingacertaintypeofprogram.Theyallhavetheirowncompilersoftware.
DatabaseManagement
Thedatabasemanagementsystemstoreslargeamountsofdatainanorganizedanddynamicmanner,sothatpeoplecanusethesedataconvenientlyandefficiently.
Databasemanagementsystemisalarge-scalesoftwarethatmanipulatesandmanagesdatabases,andisusedtoestablish,useandmaintaindatabases.
Foxpro,Access,Oracle,Sybase,DB2andInformixaredatabasesystems.
AuxiliaryPrograms
SystemAuxiliaryProcessingProgramsarealsocalled"softwaredevelopmenttools","supportsoftware","softwaretools",mainlyincludingeditingprograms,debuggingprograms,equipmentandConnectprogramanddebugprogram.