Home Technique Working hours

Working hours



Basicexplanation

Onehourofaworker’sworkisoneworkinghour,whichistheunitoftimeforcalculatingtheamountoflaborintheindustry.

Definition

Workinghoursmeansthataworkerworksonehourasoneworkinghour.Thespecificmeaningofworkinghours,dependingonthesituation,canhaveseveralsituations:Fortasks,itreferstothetotalnumberofpeoplerequiredtocompletethetask;forworkallocation,itreferstotheamountofworkinghoursallocatedtoresources;forresources,itreferstothecompletionofallThetotalamountofworkhoursallocatedtotheresourceforthetask.

Workinghours:Itisdefinedbyhowmuchtimeittakesaqualifiedoperatortocompletethework.Itincludesthreeaspects:

1.Processtime,suchastesting,reinforcement,etc.

2.Basictimeandmanualworktime

3.Timegeneratedbypersonalfactors,suchasmentalfatigue,personalphysicalfatigue,etc.

TheworkinghoursaremeasuredthroughObtainedbythefollowingmethods,suchasstopwatchmethodandMTMmeasurementmethod.Measuringworkinghourscanplaythefollowingroles:

1.Itisastandardforstudyinglaborandproductioncapacity

2.Itcanimproveandincreaselaborproductivity

3.YesAsthebasisformanagers’decision-making

Statisticalindicators

Statisticalindicatorsreflectingworkinghoursgenerallyinclude:

1.Calendarworkinghours,whichmeansallavailabletimeduringthereportingperiod(Includingpublicholidaysandholidays).

2.Thesystem’spublicholidayhoursrefertothestate(orenterprise)stipulatedpublicholiday,andthesumofthenumberofdaysemployeesshouldrestduringtheholidays.

3.Systemworkinghoursrefertotheworkinghoursrequiredbythestateforemployeestowork,thatis,8hoursadayor40hoursaweek.

4.Suspendedhoursreferstothehoursthatemployeesareunabletoworkduetosomereasons(suchasinsufficientpower,overhaulingequipment,etc.)withinthespecifiedworkinghours,andtheemployeesaretransferredtoothernon-jobsaftertheystopworking.Thenumberofworkinghoursforworkornon-productivework.

5.Absenthoursreferstothehourswhenemployeesarerequiredtoparticipateinworkaccordingtoregulations,butduetotheirownreasons(suchassickness,maternityleave,personalleave,etc.).

6.Non-productiveworkinghoursrefertoworkinghoursthatperformstateorsocialobligations,oraredeterminedtoengageinothersocialactivitiesbytheenterprise,butarenotengagedintheworkoftheenterprise.

7.Overtimeworkinghours,Referstotheactualworkinghoursofemployees,includingovertimeworkinghours,workinghourswhenworkingoutsidetheenterpriseonbusinesstrips,andworkinghourswhenemployeesaretemporarilytransferredtootherwork.

Calculationmethod

1Attendanceworkinghours:theproductoftheactualnumberofpeopleattendingandthedailystandardworkinghours(8hours)

2,theaidedworkinghours:theproductofthenumberofpeoplereceivingsupportandtheactualsupporttime

3.Overtimeworkinghours:theproductofovertimepersonnelandovertimehours

4.Actualworkinghours:attendanceworkinghours+aidedworkinghours+overtimeworkinghours

5.Excludedworkinghours:non-currentWorkinghoursthatoccurinproduction

6.Totalproductionworkinghours:actualworkinghours—exceptworkinghours

7.Abnormalworkinghours:duetovariousfactorscausingtheproductiondepartmenttobeunabletoproducenormallyonthatdayMan-hoursconsumed.

8.Totalstandardman-hours:thesumoftheproductofthetotalnumberofproductsinthewarehouseproducedonthedayandthesinglestandardman-hoursofeachproduct.

9.Abnormalman-hours:Fillintheactualtimeseparatelyforthesituationthataffectstheproductionontheday

10.Excludedworkinghours:Fillintheactualworkinghoursfortheirresistibleworkinghoursthatoccurredintheproductiononthecurrentday.

11.Productionworkinghours:theactualworkinghoursthatoccurredduringtheproductionofthisworkorderonthesameday.

12.Differentialworkinghours:thedifferencebetweenoutputstandardworkinghoursandproductionworkinghours

Productionefficiency=totalStandardworkinghours\Totalproductionworkinghours×100%

Totalstandardworkinghours=numberofoutputs×standardworkinghoursforasingleproduct

Managementoverview

ManagementofworkinghoursismainlyforemployeesPersonalworkstatisticsmanagementfunction,productionmanagementpersonnelcanviewproductionandreal-timelabordataindetailandactivity-by-activity,especiallyactivity-levellaborinformation,assistingproductionmanagementpersonneltouseefficiencydataobtainedfromtheworkshoptomonitortheproductionprocessinrealtime.Toimproveproductivityandcontrollaborcosts,makescientificcorporatedecisions.

Working hours

Standardworkinghours

Standardworkinghoursrefertoacertainstandardconditionandacertainoperatingmethod,whichisqualifiedandaccepted.Thetimerequiredforawell-trainedoperatortocompleteacertainjobatanormalspeed.

·Certainstandardconditions-(determinedaftermethodresearch)environment,equipment,fixtures,Materials...

·OneDeterminedoperationmethod----processingmethod,operationsequence,operationaction,operationarrangement,posture...

·Qualifiedandwell-trainedoperator----theoperatormustbeaQualifiedworkers,andthejobmustbesuitableforhimtodo;theoperatormustbefullytrainedintheoperationmethodofthespecificjob.

·Normalspeed----Theoperator'sphysiologicalconditionisnormalwhenworking,andcan'tbeoverlystressed,andcan'tbedelayedintentionally.

Otherrelated

Applicationofstandardworkinghours

1.Efficiencymanagement

Efficiencyisanindexofthedegreeofachievementofstandardtime,standardtimeAfterthedecisionismade,themanagermustcompletetheworkwithinthestandardtime.

2.Equipmentcapacity

Howmuchcapacitytheequipmenthasmustbecalculatedandanalyzedbasedonstandardtimeasthebasisforequipmentpurchase,andappropriatecontingencymeasuresshouldbetaken.

3.Equipmentplanning

Throughstandardworkinghoursandequipmentproductioncapacity,theentireplant’sequipmentwillbeoptimallyarranged.

4.Calculationofpersonnelandload

Aftertheproductionplanisdrawnup,therequiredman-hoursandpersonnelrequiredcanbecalculatedbasedonthestandardtime,andthecapacityofthepreviousmachineryandequipment,andtheexpectedloadAllsituationsneedtobecalculatedbasedonstandardtime.

5.Basisforcalculationofstandardproductioncapacity

Accordingtothestandardworkinghoursofeachproduct,thedailyworkingtimeisusedtocalculatethestandardproductioncapacityofeachproduct.

6.Productionplanschedulearrangement

Theproductionscheduleofeachproductisarrangedaccordingtostandardworkinghours.

7.Schedulemanagement

Themanufacturingdepartmentcalculatesthenumberofproductsthatshouldbeproducedaccordingtostandardtime,andarrangestheconfigurationofpersonnelandequipment,scheduleplanning,productioncontrol,etc.,toachievetherequiredquantity.

8.Thecalculationofman-machinecooperation

Accordingtothestandardtime,theconfigurationofpersonnelandmachinescanbeproperlyarrangedtoreducethewasteofmanpower.

9.Calculationofproductionlinebalance

Iftheworkstationsontheproductionlinearenotproperlyconfigured,itwillcausebottlenecksandexcessiveidletimeandcausewaste.Itisnecessarytoarrangeworkproperlyinstandardtime.

10.Staffplanning

Theproductioncapacitycalculatedbythestandardworkinghourswillbeusedtoarrangethestaff,andthestaffofthewholeplantwillbescheduled.

11.Improvementofworkingmethods

Calculatethestandardtimeofeachunitasareferenceforimprovementandatthesametimeasacomparisonbeforeandafterimprovement.

12.Standardsofworkguidancetraining

Intheworkguidancetrainingofon-siteproductionunits,standardworkinghoursarethebasisfortheefficiencyofeachworkunit.

13.Workperformanceevaluationandbonuscalculation

Theimplementationoftherewardsystemmustusestandardtimetomeasureworkperformanceinordertocalculatebonusesfairlyandreasonably.

14.Developmentofnewproducts

Inthedevelopmentofnewproducts,therequiredcostcanbeestimatedbasedonthestandardtimeoftheoldproductunit.

15.Laborcostcalculation

Standardtimeisthebasicdatafordirectlaborcostcalculation.

16.Referenceforsettingproductprices

Standardworkinghourscancalculatethecostofapartoftheproduct,plusotherfactors,whichcanbeusedasareferenceforproductprices.

Classification

TherearethreetypesofworkinghoursystemsstipulatedbytheChineselaborlaw,namely,standardworkinghours,comprehensiveworkinghoursandirregularworkinghours.

Accordingtothe"LaborLaw"andthe"ProvisionsoftheStateCouncilonWorkingHoursofEmployees"(StateCouncilOrderNo.174),Chinaimplementsthestandardthatworkerswork8hoursadayand40hoursaweekWorkinghourssystem.Qualifiedcompaniesshouldimplementastandardworkinghoursystem.Someenterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetothenatureofworkandproductioncharacteristics,andshouldensurethatworkersdonotworkmorethan8hoursaday,worknomorethan40hoursaweek,andhaveatleastonedayoffeachweek.Enterprisescannotimplementthestandardworkinghoursystemduetotheirproductioncharacteristics,andthosethatmeettherequirementscanimplementtheirregularworkinghoursystemwiththeapprovalofthelaborsecurityadministrativedepartment.

Fortheworkerswhoimplementtheirregularworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallreasonablydeterminethelaborquotaorotherassessmentstandardsoftheworkersaccordingtothestandardworkinghourssystem,soastoarrangetheworkerstorest.Thewagesarecalculatedbythecompanyinaccordancewiththewagesystemandwagedistributionmethodoftheunit,usingmonthly,quarterly,andyearly,etc.ascyclestocomprehensivelycalculatetheworkinghours,buttheaveragedailyworkinghoursandaverageweeklyworkinghoursshouldbebasicallythesameasthelegalstandardworkinghours.Thatistosay,inthecomprehensivecalculationperiod,theactualworkingtimeofaspecificday(orweek)canexceed8hours(or40hours),butthetotalactualworkingtimeinthecomprehensivecalculationperiodshouldnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtime,Theexcessshallbedeemedtobeextendedworkinghoursandpaidaccordingtotheprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Amongthem,iftheworkersarearrangedtoworkonstatutoryholidays,theremunerationshallbepaidinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthelaborlaw.Moreover,theaveragenumberofhoursofextendedworkinghoursmustnotexceed36hourspermonth.

Ifthetotalactualaverageworkingtimeintheentirecomprehensivecalculationperioddoesnotexceedthetotallegalstandardworkingtimeoftheperiod,itisonlyaspecificday(orweek,month,orquarterinthecomprehensivecalculationperiod).)Exceedingstatutorystandardworkinghours,thepartnotexceedingshallnotberegardedasextendingworkinghours.Calculatedandissuedbasedontheactualworkingtimeoftheworkerandthecompletionofthelaborquota.Forworkerswhomeettheconditionsofpaidannualleave,theenterpriseshallarrangeforthemtoenjoypaidannualleave.

Foremployeeswhoimplementotherworkandrestmethodssuchastheirregularworkingsystemandthecomprehensiveworkinghourssystem,theenterpriseshallensurethehealthoftheemployeesinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsofChapters1and4ofthe"LaborLaw"Onthebasisoffullylisteningtotheopinionsofemployees,appropriatemethodssuchasconcentratedwork,concentratedrest,shiftrest,flexibleworkinghours,etc.shallbeadoptedtoensuretheemployees’righttorestandvacationandthecompletionofproductionandworktasks.

Recommendation

InAugust2020,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedtotherecommendationNo.9238oftheThirdSessionofthe13thNationalPeople'sCongress.Inresponsetotherepresentative’sproposalonimplementingafour-and-a-half-day-a-weekworkingtimesystem,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityrespondedthatunderthecurrenteconomicsituation,shorteningworkinghourswillincreasethepressureonenterpriseproductionandoperationandbringabouthigheremployment.Costsandburdensaffecteconomicdevelopment.Thestandardforfurthershorteningworkinghoursdoesnotyethavearealisticbasisandshouldnotbewidelyimplementedinenterprises.

Management

Managementofworkinghoursispopularinforeigncountries,whichcancalculateworkinghoursintocostsandreducerisks.Itismorepopularathomeandabroadtouseasoftwarecalledgtimesheetformanagement.Itcanbeusedwiththepunchcardmachine,itiswebandthelanguages​​ofuptoeightcountriescanbeusedallovertheworldontheInternet.

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