Introductiontotheentry
Dataanalysisisatypeoftestinthecivilserviceexamination.Themaintypeshavefourbasicforms:textdata,tabledata,graphicdataandcomprehensivedata(mainlyacombinationofthepreviousthreebasicdata).Comprehensiveexaminationoftheexaminee’sabilitiesinreading,comprehension,analysis,andcalculation.Accordingtotheanalysisoftherealquestionsovertheyears,therearefourmaintypesofmaterialsinthedataanalysispart,whicharetexttype,tabletype,graphictypeandacomprehensivetypecomposedofanycombinationofthreeforms.
Dataanalysisquestionsaremainlydividedintothreecategories:directquestions,calculationquestions,andcomprehensiveanalysisquestions.Directquestionsarequestionsthatcandirectlyfindtheanswerfromtheinformationgiveninthequestion;calculationquestionsarequestionsthatcanonlybeansweredafteracertainmathematicaloperation;comprehensiveanalysisquestionsrequiretheexamineetojudgethecorrectnessofseveralstatementsseparately,andthenaccordingtothequestionAsktomakeachoice.
Accordingtothecontentofthetestquestions,dataanalysisquestionscanbedividedinto:textanalysis,tableanalysis,pictureanalysisandcomprehensivedataanalysisquestions.Differentformshavedifferentcopingskills.Thesetypesofdataanalysisquestionsareoftenexaminedduringtheexam.Therefore,itisnecessarytoconductintensivetraininginthedataanalysisareaoftheonlinequestionbankoftheZhongzhengBankTest.
Kirjatiedot
2009-painos
DataAnalysis
Kirjoittaja:JiXuesongChiefEditor
Julkaisija:CountryAdministrationInstitutePress
Julkaisuaika: 1.8.2009
Sanat: 325000
Muoto: Suuri 16-avoin
ISBN:9787801408303
Hinta: 29,80 €
Esittely
Thecivilservantadministrativeprofessionalabilitytestisessentiallyakindofabilitytest,Thegeneralknowledgetestisdifferent.Theabilitytestexaminesthesubjectiveconditionsnecessaryfortheexamineetosuccessfullycompleteacertainactivityandtheefficiencyoftheuseofknowledge.Thisfeaturemeansthatreviewactivitiescannotquicklyimprovecandidates'abilitiesinashortperiodoftime.
However,"improvingability"and"improvingabilitytestscores"aretwocompletelydifferentthings.Forexample,aperson’sIQisstablethroughouthislife.Atdifferenttimeswhenaperson’sIQistested,theresultsareroughlythesame,butifthepersonhasanunderstandingofthequestiontypes,propositioncharacteristicsandinspectionrulesoftheintelligencetest(atypeofabilitytest)Withmoreunderstanding,hisintelligencetestscorescanbegreatlyimprovedinashortperiodoftime,althoughhisintelligenceisunlikelytorisesignificantlyinthesametime.
Basedonsuchabasicidea,wehavecompiledthisbookwiththeaimoflettingexamineesunderstandsomebasicpropositions,inspectionrules,andcommoninterferenceitemsettingsinthecivilserviceadministrativeprofessionalabilitytest.Aswellastheregularityofthecorrectanswers,wecannotallowthisbooktoimprovetheabilityofcandidates,butthroughit,itcaneffectivelyimprovecandidates'scoresinthecivilserviceadministrativeabilitytest.
Ofcourse,theefficiencyoftutoringisalsodifferentfordifferentquestiontypes.Forexample,therearemoreregularcontentinthelanguageunderstandingandexpression,logicaljudgmentandquantitativerelationshipsections.YoucanusethisbooktoexplaintherealquestionsandsamplequestionsExplaintheresearchideasofthosewhograspthepropositionquickly,andinthecommonsensesection,becausethequestiontypeishighlydependentonknowledge,itdependsmoreonthedailyaccumulationoftheexaminee,anditisnoteasytoimproveinashort-termimpact.
Thisbookismainlybasedonrealquestions.Itanalyzesandsummarizestheregularcharacteristicsoftheexamsovertheyearsindetail.Ihopeitwillbehelpfultoeveryone'spreparationandreview.Ialsohopethatthemajorityofcandidatescanpasstheexamssmoothlyandmakeagoodlife.Onestep!
Tietoja kirjoittajasta
JiXuesongisanassociateprofessorandPh.D.fromPekingUniversity.FormermemberoftheNationalCivilServiceEmploymentExaminationAdministrativeOccupationalAbilityTestPropositionCommitteemember,hasbeenparticipatinginthecivilserviceemploymentexaminationcounselingworkformanyyears.DistinguishedexpertsfromtheCivilServiceExaminationCenterofthePersonnelExaminationNetwork.
Sisällysluettelo
ChapterOneDataAnalysisGuide
SectionOneDataAnalysisOutlinen lukeminen
Secondsectionofthedataanalysisandexaminationsituationoverview
1.Navigoiminen tutkimustilanteessa
2.Kehittyneet strategiat
Kakkosen luvun tekstitiedot
Thefirstsectionofthecorepointsofthetextdataanalysis
1.Kysymystyyppianalyysi
2.Tilastoterminologia
Osa2yksi osiotekstitietoanalyysijatodellisia kysymyksiäNapsauta
Thethirdsectionoftheanalysisofmulti-segmenttextdataandthepointoftherealtest
Osa 4 tekstitietojen itsetestauskysymykset
Luku III Tilastotaulukko
Thefirstsectionofthecorepointsofthestatisticaltable
1.Kysymystyyppianalyysi
2.Ydinpisteet
ThesecondsectionofthesinglestatisticaltableanalysisandrealquestionsClicking
Section3AnalysisofMulti-StatisticsTablesandCheckingtheRealQuestions
Osa 4TilastotaulukkoAbilityItsetestauskysymykset
Luku 4 Tilastokaaviot
Thefirstsectionofthecorepointsofthestatisticalchart
1.Kysymystyyppianalyysi
2.Ydinpisteet
ThesecondsectionofthebarchartanalysisandrealquestionsClick
Thethirdsectionoftheanalysisoffan-shapedstatisticalgraphsandrealquestions
Thefourthsectionoftheanalysisoftrendgraphsandrealquestions
ThefifthsectionofnetworkgraphanalysisandrealquestionsClicking
Chapter6AnalysisofMixedGraphsandRealQuestionsChecking
Osa 7Tilastokaavion itsetestauskysymykset
Luku 5 Kattavat tiedot
Osa 1Kattavan data-analyysin ydinpisteet
1.QuestionTypeAnalysis
2.CorePoints
Osa 2Tekstitiedot+TilastokaavioAnalysisandReal Questions
Section3textdata+statisticaltableanalysisandrealquestiondialing
Section4statisticaltable+statisticalchartanalysisandrealquestiondialing
Osa 5Kattavat tietojen itsetestauskysymykset
Chapter6Selectionofthelatestlocaldataanalysisrealquestions
Thefirstsectionofthe2009Shanghaiadministrativeprofessionalabilitytest·Dataanalysis
Section22009JiangxiProvincialAdministrativeProfessionTest·DataAnalysis
Section32009InnerMongoliaAdministrativeProfessionTest·DataAnalysis
Section42009SichuanProvincialAdministrationVocationalAbilityTest·DataAnalysis
Thefifthsection2009ShandongProvinceAdministrativeVocationalAbilityTest·DataAnalysis
Thesixthsection2008GuangdongProvinceAdministrativeVocationalAbilityTest·DataAnalysis
p>SectionVIIofthe2008ShandongProvinceAdministrativeOccupationalAbilityTestandDataAnalysis
Osa VIII,2008Hubein maakunta(tyyppiB)Administrative Occupational Ability Testand DataAnalysis
2010-versio
Tietojen analyysihinnoittelu: 32,00 ￥
Kirjoittaja: WangFuyinChiefEditor
Julkaisija: XinhuaPublishingHouse
Julkaisuaika: 1.9.2010
p>Muoto: Suuri16-avoin
ISBN:9787501193660
Pakkaus: Pehmeäkantinen
Esittely
The30-daypublicexaminationdiarywillhelpyouachieveit.Atpresent,therearemanytextbooksforcivilservantrecruitmentexaminationsonthemarket,withmixedresults.Wespeciallyorganizedexpertstocompilethe"30-DayPublicExaminationDiary-NationalCivilServiceEmploymentExaminationCompiledTextbook",whichaimstoprovideexamineeswithasetofprofessionalreviewmaterialsinatruesense.
30 päivän julkinen koepäiväkirja oninnovatiivinen työ.Opetusohjelmaan,teoriaan,testiehtoihin perustuen,menetelmäkeskeinen ja todellisiin kysymyksiin keskittynyt,muistinsisäisten lakien mukaan,määrittääpadiarytyylisiä osia,kuten testipisteiden tulkinta,testauskokemuksia,moraalien oppimiskokeita ja johtopäätöksiä. izeandmestari.
The30-daypublicexaminationdiaryisapracticalwork.Startwithstandardtutorials,useclassicquestionbanksasclassrooms,specializeinbreakthroughs,optimizewithtruepredictions,andintegratenewtestquestions,newthinking,andnewmethodsinaccordancewiththepropositionrulesofpublicexaminations,andsetpropositiontrapanalysisandcoreknowledgeDiarysectionssuchascharging,capacityexpansionandimprovement.Thinkwhilelearning,andaccumulatewhilememorizing.
The30-daypublicexaminationdiaryistheworkofafamousteacher.Co-editedbytheformerpropositionteamleader,scoringexpert,andinterviewexaminer,itisthelatestmasterpieceofthreegenerationsofpropositionexpertssuchasLiRuhai,SunXiuqiu,QiaoBing,LiuXutao,XuMinggui,TanLinfei,WangFuyin,JiXuesong,etc.Setupdiary-typesectionssuchaskeyremindersoffamousteachers,error-proneanalysisoffamousteachers,andfamousteachersturningstonesintogold.Learnwhilecomprehendandoptimizewhilememorizing.
Näytä tiedot
Sisällysluettelo
Opas:DataAnalysisGeneralStrategy
Koevaatimukset
Esimerkkikysymystyyppi
Ehdotuksen yhteenveto
Valmistusvinkkejä
Ensimmäinen lukuPerustietoanalyysi
FirstSection-tekstidata
Ensimmäisen erän pisteet
Arviointipisteet
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus todellisista kysymyksistä
Unitecrecises
Vastausanalyysi
Nämä kanavat vierekkäin
Arvioinnin pääkohta
Todellisen kysymyksen yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Keypointsoftheexamination
Providecomprehensiveanalysisandjudgmentandreasoningcapabilitiesfordata(usuallystatisticaldataincivilserviceexaminations).Intheexam,italsoinvolvestheexaminationofcomputingability.
Modernsocietyisaninformationsociety.Alargeamountofinformationisoftenreflectedbystatisticaldata.Tomakecorrectandtimelydecisions,itisnecessarytobeabletoanalyzeandprocesstheserelativelyabstractcomprehensiveinformationquickly.,Fromtheboringformtofindthe"keypoints"needed,andonlyinthiswaycanweformulateaplanwithadefinitetarget.Asacivilservant,thestrengthofdataanalysisandjudgmentwillbedirectlyrelatedtothedevelopmentoftheworkandtheeffectofthework.
Dataanalysismainlymeasuresthecandidate'scomprehensiveunderstandingandanalysisandprocessingabilityofvariousformsoftext,chartsandothermaterials.Thispartofthecontentisusuallycomposedofstatisticalcharts,numbersandtextmaterials.
Syvällinen analyysi
Johdatus kansalliseen virkamiestutkintoon
Dataanalysismainlyteststheexaminee’scomprehensiveunderstandingofvariousformsoftext,graphics,tablesandothermaterialsAndtheabilitytoanalyzeandprocess,thispartofthecontentisusuallycomposedofdata,statistics,charts,numbers,andtextmaterials.Forapieceofmaterial,therearegenerally1to5questions.Theexamineeneedstoanalyze,compare,andcalculateaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythematerial,andchoosetheanswerthatmeetsthemeaningofthequestionfromthefouralternativeanswers.
Adetailedanalysisofthechangesinthenationalexaminationpapersovertheyears
Thefollowingtabledetailsthequestiontype,questionvolume,testsiteandmaterialselectionrangeofthedataanalysispartofthenationalexaminationpapersfrom2005to2010.Basicsituation:
Throughcarefulstudyoftherealquestionsinthedataanalysispartofthenationaltestexaminationovertheyears,wefoundthatithasthefollowingremarkablecharacteristics:
The2010dataanalysispartoftheexaminationThepositionisadvanced,fromthefifthparttothefourthpartofthepreviousyears;thetotalnumberofquestionshasbeenincreasedfromtheoriginal20to25,andthewayofquestioninghasnotchanged.Itisstilladocumentwith5sub-questions(2008)Exception:Thefirstandsecondmaterialsin2008correspondto6and4quizzesrespectively).
Comprehensivematerialshavebecomethemainexaminationmethodinthepasttwoyears,andthenumberofmaterialsisontherise;graphicmaterialsaregenerallycombinedwithothermaterialsforexamination;tablematerialsarerequiredexaminationquestionsovertheyears.
Keskity tutkimukseen usein tutkittuihin käsitteisiin ja lisää tutkittavien kysymysten määrää yhdistämällä useita käsitteitä. Niiden joukossa tutkintatiheys vuodessa, osuus, keskimääräinen, keskimääräinen vuosikasvu, moninkertainen jne.
Fromtheanalysisofquestiontypes,calculationquestionshavethehighestproportionofexaminations.Inrecentyears,thedatainvolvedincalculationhasincreased,andthedifficultyofcalculationhasalsoincreased;theamountofcomprehensiveanalysisquestionsisstable,andthenumberofcalculationquestionsisstable.Comparedtotheexamination,itismoredifficult.
Thecontentofthematerialisgenerallyrelatedtothehotissuesofhighsocialconcernintheyear.Forexample,thecontentofthefirstmaterialisrelatedtotheweatherconditionsinBeijingduringtheOlympicsin2009;therealtestdataofthe2010NationalExaminationAnalysisofthefifthmaterialcomesfromthepublichealthsystempartofthe"Reportonthe60thAnniversaryoftheFoundingofNewChina".
Esimerkkivalmistelustrategia
Indataanalysis,alargenumberofunfamiliartermsanddatawillgivecandidatesafeelingofdizzinessandincomprehension.Basedonyearsofexperienceincounselingandtrainingpublicexaminations,expertsfromZhongGongEducationhavesummarizedthefollowingtestpreparationstrategiestohelpcandidatesefficientlydealwithdataanalysisquestionsinthetest.
Kysymysten ratkaisuideoita
Browsethematerialsquickly,masterthemaincontent,carefullyanalyzethefollowingquestions,readthematerialsinatargetedmanner,andanalyzethedatarelationship.Whenencounteringacalculationproblem,locktherelevantdatainthematerialaccordingtotheproblem,combinethedifferentusageofthecalculationconceptintroducedinthisbook,integratetherelevantdatatogether,andlistthecorrectcalculationformula;ifitisacomprehensiveanalysisquestion,followtheoptionsSpecificanalysisofcharacteristics.
Whencalculating,donotblindlycalculate,butchooseappropriatecalculationskillsincombinationwiththeoptions.Aftertheformulaislisted,youcanusemethodssuchascomparingnumericalvalue,numberofdigits,andmantissatoexcludesomeoptionsbasedonthecharacteristicsofthedataintheformula,andthenuseothercalculationtechniquessuchasscalingtoperformquickcalculations.
Aftermakingtheanswer,quicklymovetothenextquestion.Giveupfirstwhenyouencounteraquestionthatcannotbeansweredtemporarily.Don'tstayblindlyandwastetime.
Arvosteluopas
Tietojen laajentaminen
Tietoanalyysimateriaalit liittyvät pääasiassa talouteen,ihmisten elämään,resursseihin ja ympäristöön,tieteeseen,koulutukseen,kulttuuriin,terveyteen jne.Tietotiedot ovat peräisin lähinnä tilastotiedotteista,analyysiraporteista,toimialatilastoihin liittyvistä materiaaleista,pehmeästä vuodesta. ehdokkaita pyydetään kiinnittämään enemmän huomiota tämän näkökohdan keräämiseen.
Parantaa lukunopeutta
Materialreadingisanimportantpartofdataanalysisandproblemsolving.CandidatesshouldconsciouslyexercisetheirfastreadingabilityindailyexercisetrainingtosavetimePurpose.
Harjoituksenmukaisuuden laskettavuus
Inviewofthecharacteristicsoflargeamountofdataanalysisandshorttime,candidatesshouldstrengthenthetrainingofquickcalculationabilitytoensurerapidproblemsolvinginalimitedtime.
Question-solvingskills
Dataanalysisisoneofthefivemajormodulesofthe"AdministrativeVocationalAbilityTest"inthecivilserviceexamination.Analyzeprocessingcapabilities.Dataanalysisisnotthepartwithparticularlyhightechnicalcontentamongthefivemajorquestiontypesoftheadministrativevocationalabilitytest.Itsknowledgepointsandquestion-makingskillsarerelativelyconcentrated,anditisnotdifficulttomastertheessentials.Fourwaystohelpyoubreakthroughthelinetestdataanalysisproblem.
Thefirstmeasure:deepunderstandingofthecivilserviceexaminationdataanalysisoutline
Dataanalysismainlyexaminesthecomprehensiveunderstandingandanalysisprocessingofvariousformsoftext,graphics,tablesandotherdatabycandidatesTheabilityofthispartofthecontentisusuallycomposedofdata,statistics,figuresandtextmaterials.Generally,thereare1-5questionsforapieceofmaterial.Applicantsneedtoanalyze,compare,andcalculateaccordingtotheinformationprovidedinthematerial,andchoosetheanswerthatmeetsthemeaningofthequestionfromthefouralternativeanswers.Itcanbesaidthatthetestquestionsofthedataanalysistestfocusontheexaminee’sabilitytocomprehensivelyanalyzeandprocessdataandstatisticaldatainthreeformsoftext,graphics,andtables.Theexamineemustnotonlybeabletoreadstatisticalcharts,butalsoaccuratelygraspThemeaningofvariousdataandtherelationshipbetweenthem,andwemustbeabletograspthelawsofthedatathroughsimplemathematicaloperations,soastoplayanimportantroleinguiding,orientatingandadjustingourworkandstudy.
Thesecondtrick:Threereadingmethods
Whendoingthequestions,quicklyoutlinethematerialstructureandaccuratelylockthedataposition,whichisthebasicabilitytocompletethedataanalysistestquestions.Fortext-basedmaterials,wemustmasterthe"paragraphcentermethod";fortopicsthatcontainspecialnumbers,letters,andsymbols,the"keywordsearchmethod"willbringusgreatconvenience;andinthefaceoftablesandcolumnsGraphsandtrendgraphs,"horizontalandverticaltargetpositioningmethod"isthefastestwaytolocktherequireddata.Thebasicoperationmethodsofthesethreestructuresofreadingcanhelpcandidatesremoveobstacleswhensearchingfordata,savetimeandimproveefficiencyforeveryone.First,youshouldreadthediagrams,tables,ortext.Thedataanalysistestquestionsarebasedontheinformationreflectedinthediagrams,tablesortext.Ifyoucannotunderstandthedata,youwilllosetheprerequisitesforansweringthequestions.Therefore,thereadingandunderstandingofthecontentofthechartshouldbethefirstconditionforcorrectanswering.Whenreadingmaterials,itisbesttoreadwiththequestionsinthequestions,andpayattentiontoextractingimportantinformationrelatedtothetestquestions.Thisisconducivetotheunderstandingofthedataontheonehand,andontheotherhand,itcanalsoreducethetimetorepeatthedatawhenansweringquestions.
Thethirdtrick:Threesetsofimportantinformation
Firstofall,intheexaminationroom,don’tlosepointsbecauseofthedislocationoftime,unitorsomespecialconcepts;secondly,Somespecialskillscanhelpustodothequestionsverywell,suchasmakingappropriatemarksonthetestquestions,doingqualitativeanalysisofstatisticalgraphics,orusingtoolscalestoreplaceactualdata,usingthemethodofeliminationtosolvecombinedselectiontestquestionsandUsebasiccommonsensetomakequickchoicesunderlimitedtimeconditions.Allofthesearepracticalskillstohelpussolveproblems.Finally,onlyknowtheoverallstrategyofavoidingthemostimportant,easyfirstandthendifficult,andfullyunderstandtheessenceofjointoptions.Youcantrulyunderstandthestrategyofgettinghighscoresfromyourmind.
Thefourthtrick:quickcalculationtechniques
Indataanalysis,almostallcomplexcalculationscanbesimplified,becausewecanusetendifferentquickcalculationtechniquestodealwithvariousThesamesituation:Iftheoptionsorthenumbertobecomparedareverydifferent,estimationisthefirstchoice;ifthefirstplaceoftheoptionsorthenumbertobecomparedisdifferent,directdivisionistheonlyway;ifthereisanumeratorofascoreinagroupofscoresThelargestandsmallestdenominator,youshouldknowthatthisscoreisthelargest;ifthereisaspecialscoredifferencebetweentheoptionsorthenumbertobecompared,interpolationismostlyinevitable;seethatthereisanumeratorofthescoreinthetwoscorestobecomparedThedenominatorisslightlylargerthanthenumeratoranddenominatoroftheotherfraction,thenyoushouldnothesitatetomakethedifference...Tenquickcalculationtechniquesprovideuswithimportantmethodstosolvecomplexcalculationproblems,andsaveeveryonethatwouldhavebeenwastedincalculations.AlotofprecioustimeontheInternet.
Yleisesti käytetyt nopeat laskentatavat sisältävät seuraavat:
(1)Estimationmethod
Beforeallcalculationsarecarriedout,itisnecessarytoconsiderwhethertheycanbeestimatedfirst.Theso-calledestimationisaroughquickcalculationmethodwhentheaccuracyrequirementsarenottoohigh,andthedecimalsareroundedtofacilitatecalculations.Generally,itisusedwhenthereisabigdifferencebetweentheoptionsorthedatabeingcompared.
(2)Suorajako
Itmeansthatwhencomparingorcalculatingmorecomplicateddivisions,thefirstplaceofthequotientisobtainedthrough"directdivision"(Thefirstdigitorthefirsttwodigits),donotneedtofinishthecalculation,soastogetthequickcalculationmethodofthecorrectanswer.
(3)Interpolointi
Se viittaa nopeaan laskentamenetelmään väliarvon käyttämiseksi"viitevertailua" varten, kun verrataan numeerisia arvoja.Esimerkiksi 10/47,lisää väliarvo 10/40,ilmeisesti10/47123/456,niin125/4123>6128.
Civilserviceexaminationdataanalysisandpreparationstrategies
Dataanalysismainlyincludesthreetypesofmaterials:graphicmaterials,tablematerials,andtextmaterials.Thegraphicmaterialsmainlyincludepiecharts.,Histogram,trendgraph,networkgraph,etc.Differenttypesofmaterialshavedifferentdatastoragestructures.Whenreadingmaterials,theimportantthingisnottomemorizealargenumberofspecificdatainthematerials,buttoclarifythestructureofthesedatastorage.
Withthedevelopmentofcivilserviceexaminations,dataanalysistestquestionscomposedofmultiplematerialsappearinlargenumbersintheexamination,suchas"tablesandtext","tablesandgraphics","textandgraphics"mixedMaterialshavegraduallybecomethemaintrendofthelatestpropositions.Fortheanalysisofmixeddata,weshouldnotonlypayattentiontotheconnectionbetweenthevariousmaterials(herewilloftenbecomethepropositionpoint),butalsopayattentiontothebasicstatusofeachmaterial,andbefamiliarwiththeinternalstructureofeachmaterial;atthesametime,duetotheamountofreadingofthemixedmaterialSignificantincrease,therefore,improvingreadingspeedhasalsobecomethefocusofpreparingforthistypeoftest.
Thestatisticalnatureofdataanalysisdeterminesthatthereareoftenmorestatisticaltermsinitsmaterials.Formoreprofessionalterms,thenecessaryexplanationsaregenerallygiveninthenotesofthematerials;butforcommonsenseterms,candidatesneedtocontinuetoaccumulateinthereview.Inaddition,youshouldalsobefamiliarwiththescopeofthe"StatisticalBulletin"andthewayitiswritten.Almostallmaterialsfordataanalysiscomefromthestatisticalbulletinsofthecountryandlocalities.
"Readingmaterials"isthefirststeptocompletethedataanalysistest.Thefocusofreadingisnotthespecificcontentanddata,butthe"structureofdatastorage",sothatthedatacanbequicklylocatedwhendoingthetest.Andthisisinseparablefromtheresearchandgraspofthedatastoragestructureandthegraspofsomenecessary"corepoints".
"Analyysi"on"käsittelytiedon"perusta;ja "vertailu"ja"laskenta"testikysymykset ovat"käsittelytietojen"pääkysymystyyppejä. Yleisesti ottaen "tietojen"käsittelyprosessiin liittyy useita laskelmia. Siksi suurin osa ehdokkaiden joukosta.