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1. Pöytätietokoneen käyttöjärjestelmä perustuu pohjimmiltaan ihmisnäppäimistön antamiin komentoihin

työpöytäkäyttöjärjestelmä (12 kuvaa)

Atwork,thetimingofhumanactionsandreactionsisnotverystrict.

2.Fromtheperspectiveoftheapplicationenvironment,thedesktopoperatingsystemisorientedtocomplexandchangeableapplications.

3.Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentinterface,thedesktopoperatingsystemprovidesdeveloperswitha"blackbox",allowingdeveloperstousethefunctionsoftheoperatingsystemthroughaseriesofstandardsystemcalls.

4.Comparedwithembeddedoperatingsystems,desktopoperatingsystemsarerelativelylargeandcomplex.

MarketStatus

Ondesktopsystems,theMicrosoftWindowsseriesbasicallycontrolstheentiremarket,whiletheMACOSXserieshasanexcellentinterface.Linuxanditsdistributiontogetherformafreesoftwareorganization(opensource,free),inwhichubuntuhasarelativelyhighinterfaceandusershare,andahugecommunity.TheinterfaceandusershareofBSD/SOLARISareslightlybehindthetopthree.

Thecommonoperatingsystemsonthemarkettodayareasfollows:

WINDOWSoperatingsystem

WindowsoperatingsystemisawindowedoperatingsystemdevelopedbyMicrosoftintheUnitedStates.TheGUIgraphicaloperationmodeisadopted,whichismorehumanethanpreviouscommandoperatingsystemssuchasDOS.TheWindowsoperatingsystemiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedoperatingsystemintheworld.ThelatestversionisWindows8.

UNIXoperatingsystem

TheUnixsystemwasborninBellLabsin1969andwasinitiallyusedonsmallandmedium-sizedcomputers.TheUnixsystemthatwasfirstportedtothe80286microcomputerwascalledXenix.TheXenixsystemischaracterizedbyshortandcapable,lowsystemoverhead,andfastrunningspeed.

UNIXprovidesuserswithatime-sharingsystemtocontrolcomputeractivitiesandresources,andprovidesaninteractiveandflexibleoperatingworld.

UNIXisdesignedtobeabletorunmultipleprocessesatthesametime,supportingdatasharingbetweenusers.Atthesametime,UNIXsupportsamodularstructure.WhenyouinstalltheUNIXoperatingsystem,youonlyneedtoinstallthepartsyouneedforyourwork.Forexample:UNIXsupportsmanyprogrammingdevelopmenttools,butifyouarenotengagedindevelopmentwork,youonlyneedtoinstalltheleasttranslater.Theuserinterfacealsosupportstheprincipleofmodularity,andunrelatedcommandscanbeconnectedthroughpipestoperformverycomplexoperations.TherearemanytypesofUNIX,andmanycompanieshavetheirownversions,suchasAT&T,Sun,HP,etc.

MACoperatingsystem

TheMacoperatingsystemisagenerationofoperatingsystemsdesignedbyAppleComputerintheUnitedStatesforitsMacintoshcomputers.Thismodelwaslaunchedin1984.WhenthePCwasjusttheboringcharacterinterfaceofDOS,theMactooktheleadinadoptingsomeofthetechnologiesthatwearestillpraisedtoday.

Forexample:GUIgraphicaluserinterface,multimediaapplications,mouse,etc.Macintoshcomputershaveawiderangeofapplicationsinpublishing,printing,filmandtelevisionproductionandeducation.MicrosoftWindowsstillhastheshadowofMacinmanyaspects.AppleThecompanyreleasedthemostadvancedpersonalcomputeroperatingsystemMacOSX.

LINUXoperatingsystem

Linuxisadazzlingnameinthecomputerindustrytoday.Itiscurrentlytheworld’slargestfreesoftware,anditisafunctioncomparabletoUnixandWindows.Theoperatingsystemhascompletenetworkfunctions,anditsusageisverysimilartoUNIX.Therefore,manyusersnolongerbuyexpensiveUNIX,butinsteadinvestinLinuxandotherfreesystems.

LinuxwasoriginallydevelopedbyFinnLinusTorvalds,anditssourceprogramwaspubliclyreleasedontheInternet.Thishasarousedthedevelopmententhusiasmofcomputerenthusiastsaroundtheworld.ManypeopledownloadedthesourceprogramandperfectedaOntheonehand,thefunctionsaresentbacktotheInternet,andLinuxhasbeencarvedintotheworld'smoststableandmostpromisingoperatingsystem.

SomeoneoncejokedthatifBillGatestreatedthesourcecodeofWindowsinthesameway,manyoftheremainingbugsinWindowswouldnolongerexist,becausecomputerenthusiastsallovertheworldwouldbecomeWindows.Ofvolunteertestersandprogrammers.

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