Li Shimin

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Hahmon elämä

Varhaiset kokemukset

Keisari WenKaihuangin 17. vuosi (597)JoulukuuWuwuDay(atalk)JoulukuuWuwuDay,KeisariKaihuangin kahdeksantoistavuotena LiShimin syntyi LiFamilyPavilionissa Wugongissa.Kun LiShimin oli nuori, hän ei ollut fiksu ja nokkela, eikä hänellä ollut kovin kauaskantoinenavain. tuolloin saattoi ylittää hänet.

Intheeleventhyearofthegreatcause(615),EmperorYangofSuiwassurroundedbyTurksinYanmen.LiShiminrespondedtotherecruitmenttorescuehim,andhebelongedtoTunweiGeneralYundingxing.Whenhewasabouttosetoff,LiShiminsaidtoYunDingxing:"Wemustcarrytheflaganddrumtosetupsuspectedsoldiers.Besides,whenthearmyofSibiKhandarestosurroundtheemperor,itmustbethatthecountryhasnorescueinhaste.Fordozensofmiles,thesoundofthedrumsandthedrumsechoedeachotheratnight.HuLumustthinkthattherescuershadgathered,andwouldfleelookingatthedustraisedbythearmy.Otherwise,theenemywillbefewandthewholearmywillfight.Wemustnotbeabletodealwithit."YunDingxingadoptedLiShimin'ssuggestionandstationedhisarmyinNaoCounty.TurkicscoutcavalryPegasusreportedShibiKhanandsaid:"ThearmyoftheSuiDynastyhasarrived."Asaresult,theTurksescapedfromthesiegeandfled.go.

Inthetwelfthyearofthegreatcause(616years),LiYuanservedasTaiyuantostaybehind,andLiShiminfollowedtoTaiyuan.Atthattime,therewasGaoyangThiefChiefWeiDao'er,whocametoattackTaiyuanwiththenameLiShanfei,andLiYuanattackedWeiDao'erandpenetratedintothecampofthethieves.LiShiminusedelitecavalrytobreakthroughtheencirclement,andtheenemyarmywasbrokenupbythebowandarrow,andLiYuanwasrescuedfromthecampofthousandsofenemies.Justastheinfantryarrived,LiYuanandLiShiminstrenuouslyattackedandbroketheenemyforce.

Jinyangrisesuptroops

InthefirstyearofYining(617),thefateoftheSuiDynastyisover.LiShiminsecretlyplotsanuprising,oftenlowershisstatusandrespectsscholars,andtakesouthisbelongingstosupporthisclients,Thegroupofthieves,nooneisunwillingtodohisbest.Inthesameyear,LiShiminencouragedhisfatherLiYuantoriseupagainsttheSuiDynastyinordertoriseupforJinyang.LiShiminledthearmytoattackXiheandannouncedthedecree.AfterconqueringXihe,LiYuannamedLiShiminasthegovernorofDunhuangCounty,therightleader,andcommanderofthethreerightarmies.

ThearmyoftheuprisingwentwesttoattackJiahuFort,andtheSuigeneralSongLaoshengled20,000elitetroopstoHuoyitoresisttherebels.Atthetimewhentherainandfoodwereexhausted,LiYuanandPeiJihadadiscussion.LiShiminsaid:"Initially,greatjusticewasraisedtosavethecommonpeople.WeshouldfirstcaptureXianyangandgiveorderstotheworld.Whenencounteringasmallenemyarmy,wewillretreat.Iamafraidthatthosewhofollowtheuprisingwillbedisbanded.ThereturnarmyguardsacityinTaiyuan.Forthethief,whatcanIdotoprotectit!"LiYuanrefusedtoacceptit,urgingtheordertoleadthearmyout.LiShiminsobbedloudlyoutside,andthecryreachedLiYuan'saccount.BecauseLiYuansummonedhimtoaskandcry,LiShiminreplied:“Nowthearmyreliesonbenevolenceandrighteousness.Ifitadvances,itwillwin,andifitreturns,thearmywillbedisintegrated.Thearmyisdisintegratedinthefront,andtheenemyisattackingintheback,anddeathwillbeinfrontofyouimmediately.,Sosad!"LiYuanonlythenwokeupandstoppedreturningtothearmy.OnAugust1,whentherainstopped,LiYuanledhisarmytoHuoyi.LiShiminwasafraidthatSongLaoshengwouldnotbeabletofight,soheledafewcavalrymentothecityandraisedtheirwhiptocommand,asiftobesiegethecity,inordertoangerSongLaosheng.SongLaoshengwasreallyenraged,openedthedoorandsenttroops,leaningonthecitywithhisback.LiYuanandLiJianchengjoinedforcesintheeastofthecity,andLiShiminandChaiShaojoinedforcesinthesouthofthecity.SongLaoshengcommandedthearmytorush,andfirstapproachedLiYuan,causingLiJianchengtofall.SongLaoshengtookadvantageofthemomentumtoattack,andbothLiYuanandLiJianchengretired.LiShiminledtwothousandcavalrytroopsfromthesouthtorushdownthehighslope,breakingthroughSongLaosheng'sarmy,andledthearmytoattackvigorously.TheSongarmywasdefeated,andtheyallabandonedtheirweaponsandfled.Atthistime,HuoYi'scitygatehadbeenhung,SongLaoshengpulledtheropetoclimbthecity,LiShimintookadvantageofthesituationandcuthimdown,calmingHuoYi.

InHedong,Guanzhongheroesrushedtotherebels.LiShiminaskedtoenterthepass,captureYongfengcangtohelpthepoor,andconquerthethievestoseekDaxingCity(nowXi'an,ShaanxiProvince).LiYuanthoughtitwasverygood.LiShimin'sformerarmycrossedtheYellowRiverandfirstcalmedWeibei.Sansukeofficials,people,andheroesandgentlemenwenttothemilitarygatetoaskthedevoteestocountonthousandsofpeopleeveryday,supportingtheoldandtheyoung,allunderthebanner.LiShimintookintheheroesasabackupofficial,andeveryonewhoheardaboutitfromfarandnearcametodedicatetheirlives.ThearmywasstationedinJingyang,and90,000elitesoldiersdefeatedthehuskyLiuYaoziandannexedhisarmy.LeavingYinKaishanandLiuHongjistationedinDaxingcheng.LiShiminledhisarmytoSizhuinperson.ThiefchiefsLiZhongwen,HePanren,XiangShanzhiandothersallledtheirtroopstorendezvous.TheystationedinAchengandobtained130,000soldiers.ManyDaxingcityeldersbroughtcattleandwinetothemilitarygate.LiShimincomfortedthemandthensentthemawaywithoutacceptinganything.Themilitaryorderwasstrictandpurge,andautumndidnotcommitanycrimes.SoonLiShiminandthearmypacifiedDaxingCity.LiYuanassistedthestateaffairs,appointedLiShiminasthedomestichistoryoftheTangDynasty,andchangedthetitletotheofficialtitleofQinGuogong.AtthetimewhenXueJu'selitesoldiersapproachedtheWeishuishorewith100,000soldiers,LiShiminpersonallyledtheattack,smashedhistribe,beheadedmorethan10,000people,andcapturedtheenemy'slandallthewaytoLongdi.

InDecemberofthefirstyearofYining(617),LiShiminwasre-appointedasthemarshaloftheright.Whenhewasabouttoreturntothearmy,LiShiminsaidtothepeopleontheleftandright:"TheenemywillfollowmewhenIreturntothearmy."Sohesetupthreeambushestowaitforthepursuit.Soon,SuiGeneralDuanDaledmorethan10,000peopletochaseafterhim.WhenhepassedtheTomboftheThreeKings,LiShiminlaunchedanambushattackandDuanDawasdefeated.SoXiongandGuweresetupinYiyangandXin'an,andpeopleweresenttostaybehindandreturn.Subsequently,LiShiminwasrelocatedandrenamedasZhaoGuogong.

InMayofthesecondyearofYining(618),EmperorGongoftheSuiDynastyYangYouchanwaslocatedinLiYuan,LiYuanchangedthecountrynametoTang,JianyuanWude,namedLiShiminasShangShuling,GeneralYouwuhou,andJinFengThekingofQin,grantingYongzhoupasturage.

FightingintheQuartet

InJulyofthefirstyearofWude(618),XueJuinvadedJingzhou,andLiShiminledallhistroopstocrusadeagainstit,butreturnedwithoutvictory.InSeptember,XueJudiedandhissonXueRengaocontinuedtostand.LiShiminwasalsoappointedasthemarshaltodefeatXueRengao.ThetwoarmiesfoughtatZhecheng.Thetwosidesdugdeeptrenchestobuildhighcampsandfoughteachotherformorethan60days.XueJunismorethan100,000,andthearmyisstrong,andhehascometochallengemanytimes.LiShiminstoodstilltodefeathissharpmomentum.XueJunhadrunoutoffood,andXueJungeneralsMouJuncaiandLiangHulangcametosurrender.LiShiminsaidtothegenerals:"Theenemy'sspiritislostanddecayed,andourarmyshouldattackthem."SohesentGeneralPangYutoseducetheenemyinthesouthoftheshallowwaterplain.SoonLiShimin'spro-reunificationarmyunexpectedlycoveredthenorthernpartoftheshallowwater.ZongLuohusawfromadistance,andreturnedtothearmytoresistagain.LiShiminleddozensofelitecavalryintotheenemy'sline.Hecooperatedwiththearmyinsideandoutsidetoattack.ZongLuohu'sarmywasdefeated.LiShiminkilledthousandsofthieves,andfellintothemountainvalleyandthedeadwereinvincible.LiShiminledmorethan20cavalrytroopstochaseandfleetheenemy,andwentstraighttothecitytochasetheenemy.XueRengaowasterrifiedandguardedthecity.Towardthenight,LiShimin'sarmywillarriveoneafteranother,encirclingallsides.Inthemorning,XueRengaoaskedtosurrender,andLiShimincapturedmorethan10,000ofhiselitesoldiers,including50,000menandwomen.

Soonthegeneralscongratulated,someonetooktheopportunitytoask:"Atfirstthekingbrokethroughtheenemyinafieldbattle,buttheenemystillhasafortifiedcity,andthekingdoesnothavetheequipmenttoattack.Directlyundertheenemy’scity,weallsuspectthatyoucan’twin,butyouhavecapturedthecity.What’sthereason?”LiShiminsaid,“Thisistopersecutehimwithexpediency,sothattheirplanshavenochancetocomeout.ForthisreasonVictory.ZongLuohureliedonpreviousyearstowin,coupledwithlong-termvigor,sawthatourarmywasunabletocomeout,hedespisedmeinhisheart.Nowtheenemyarmyseesmeoutofwar,veryhappy,allthearmycametofight,althoughIhavedefeatedhim,butcapturedThereareonlyafewwhoarecaughtandkilled.Iftheenemyisnotchasinginahurry,andtheenemyreturnstothecollapsedcity,andRenGaogathersandcomforts,thenitisimpossibletowin.Besides,theenemysoldiersareallfromLongxi,andtheyaredefeatedandfled.Itistoolatetoreviewandlose.FleeingtotheoutsideofGansu,thecitywasnaturallyempty.Ourarmythenpressedon,andtheenemysurrenderedoutoffear.Thesecanbedescribedasplannedplans.Canyounotseeallthemonarchs?"ZhuJiangsaid:"Thisisnotwhatordinarypeopledo.Wecancatchup."Manyelitecavalrywerecapturedinthisbattle,andLiShiminstillledtheXueRengaobrothersandenemycommandersLuoHuandZhaiChangsun.ThereisnodistancebetweenLiShiminandthem,ridingandshooting.ThesurrenderedenemygeneralsaregratefulandfrightenedbyLiShimin'smight,andtheyarewillingtopayfortheirresultswithdeath.Atthattime,LiMihadjustreturned,andLiYuanorderedLiMitorideastagecoachtoBinzhoutomeetLiShimin.LiMisawLiShimin'sbrillianceandmightyappearance,militarymajesty,andhorrifiedadmiration,andprivatelysaidtoYinKaishan:"It'sreallyawiselord.It'snotlikethis.Whyshouldweputdownthechaos?"LiShimintriumphedandofferedvictoryintheTaimiaoTemple.LiYuanappointedhimtheTaiwei,theEasternShaanxiRoad,andtheTaiwanShangshuOrder,guardedtheChangchunPalace,andallthesoldiersandhorsesoftheGuandongwerecontrolledanddispatchedbyhim.SoonafterhewasgiventhetitleofGeneralZuoWuhouandLiangzhouGeneralManager.

InOctoberofthesecondyearofWude(619),LiuWuzhou'ssubordinateSongJingangcapturedHuuzhou,andthearmywasstrong.LiYuanstilloccupiedPuzhoubecauseofWangXingben,LvChongmaorebelledinXiaCounty,andJinandHuizhoufell.TheGuanzhongwasshockedandshocked,soheordered:"Thethievesaresopowerfulthatitisdifficulttocompetewiththem.WeshouldabandonthelandofHedong.,It’sgoodtojustholdKansai.”LiShiminsaid:“Taiyuanisthefoundationoftheking’sindustryandthefoundationofthecountry.Hedong’sprosperityisthecapitalofthecapital.Ifallwereabandoned,theministerwouldfeeldepressedandregretful.Ihopetoborrow30,000soldiersfromthecourt.ItmustbeabletoeliminateLiuWuzhouandrestoreFenandJin.”LiYuandispatchedallGuanzhongsoldiersandhorsestoLiShimin,andpersonallywenttoChangchunPalacetoseeLiShiminoff.

InNovember,LiShiminledhisarmytoLongmenPass,steppedontheiceandcrossedtheYellowRiver,stationedinBobi,andconfrontedtheenemygeneralSongJingang.SoonYonganKingLiXiaojiwasdefeatedinXiaCounty.YuYun,DuguHuai'en,andTangJianwereallcapturedbyenemygeneralsXunxiangandYuchiJingde,andtheywereabouttoreturntoHuizhou.LiShiminsentYinKaishanandQinShubaotointerceptatMeiliangchuanandbrokethroughtheenemyforce.Hefoundtheequivalentandescapedbyhimself.LiShimincapturedallhistribesandreturnedtoBobi.Soallthegeneralscalledforbattle,andLiShiminsaid:"SongKingKongisalonearmythathastraveledthousandsofmiles,deepintoourland,theelitesoldiersandstronggeneralsareallhere.LiuWuzhouoccupiedTaiyuan,relyingexclusivelyonSongKingKongtoresist.Althoughtherearemanysoldiers,theinsideisactuallyveryempty.Iintendtofightquickly.Iconsolidatethebase,rechargemyenergytothwarthisedge,andwhenherunsoutoffood,hewillrunaway."

ThethirdyearofWude(620years),February,SongKingKongfinallyescapedbecauseofthehungerofthearmy,andLiShiminledhisarmytoJiezhou.SongJinganglinedupthearmy,sevenmileslongfromnorthtosouth,toresisttheofficialarmy.LiShiminsentcommandersLiShiji,ChengYaojin,andQinShubaotoresistSongJingang’sarmytothenorth,andZhaiChangsunandQinWutongtoresistSongJingang’sarmytothesouth.Thefightingofthearmiesretreatedslightlyandwasdefeatedbytheenemysoldiers.LiShiminledtheelitecavalrytoattackSongJingangandattackedthebackofhisline.Theenemywasdefeatedandchasedfordozensofmiles.YuchiJingdeandXunxiangledtheremnantsof8,000peopletoreturn.LiShiminstillorderedYuchiJingdetoleadthearmyandmingledwithLiShimin’sbarracks.QuTutongwasafraidofYuchiJingde’srebellion,soheaskedLiShiminnottoletYuchiJingdeleadhistroops..LiShiminsaid:"Inthepast,KingXiao(referringtoEmperorGuangwuLiuXiu)puthisheartandsoultoeveryone,sothateveryonecoulddohisbesttoserve.NowthatWeiChiJingdeisappointed,whyshouldhebeafraid."AtthistimeLiuWuzhourushedtoTurkic,andallofFenzhou.Afterrestoringtheoldland,LiYuanzhaoorderedLiShimintobeworshippedinthearmyasaTaiwaneseedictonYizhouRoad.

InJuly,LiShiminledallthetroopstoattackWangShichonginLuoyi,andthetroopswerestationedinGuzhou.WangShichongledthirtythousandelitesoldierstofightinCijian,andLiShiminusedlightcavalrytolurehim.Atthattime,thecrowdwasoutnumbered,andLiShiminfellintoaheavysiege,andeveryoneontheleftandrightwasterrified.LiShiminorderedthepeopleontheleftandrighttoreturntothecampfirst,andledthearmyaloneattheend.WangShichong'scourageousgeneral,ShanXiongxin,ledhundredsofcavalryinthelanetopushforward,vyingforthefirstattack,andLiShiminwasalmostcapturedbyhim.LiShiminopenedhisbowandarrowstoshootattheenemy.WangShichongthenrelocatedthesoldiersofCijianbacktoLuoyang,theeasterncapital.LiShiminsentthemarchingcommanderShiWanbaofromYiyangtothesouthtooccupytheLongmen,LiuDeweifromTaihangtotheeasttoencircleHanoi,andWangJunkuocutofftheenemy'sgraintransportchannelfromLuokou.HuangJunhanwasdispatchedfromtheXiaoshuiRiverovernighttolaunchasneakattackandreturntoLosAngeles.TherewasnoplacesouthoftheYellowRiverthatdidnotrespond.Thecastlescameonebyoneandreturned,andthearmymovedintoMangshan.InSeptember,LiShiminusedfivehundredcavalrytoobservethebattlefieldsituationfirst,andfinallymetwithmorethan10,000WangShichong.Thetwoarmiesfought,LiShimindefeatedhimagain,beheadedbythreethousand,andcapturedWangShichong'sgeneralChenZhilue.WangShichongonlyescapedbyhimself.TheenvoysofJunzhouGeneralManagerYangQingsentbyhimrequestedsurrender,andLiShiminsentLiShijitoleadhisarmyoutfromZongyuanRoadtoappeaseYangQing'stribe.Ying,Bian,Wei,YuKyushucameonebyonetoreturn.WangShichongaskedDouJiandeforhelp.

InFebruaryofthefourthyearofWude(621),LiShiminstationedintheQingchengPalaceagain.Thefortresshadnotyetbeenestablished.WangShichong’s20,000troopsfacedthevalleyfromFangzhumen.LiShiminusedelitecavalryintheBeimanMountain,causingQuTutongtolead5,000infantrymentocrossthewatertoattackWangShichong,andtooktheopportunitytowarntheQuTupassage:"Whenthetwosidesfight,Iwillletthesmokego.Iwillleadthecavalrytogosouth."Afterthebattle,LiShiminchargedwithcavalry,andhestoodupandchargedforward,echoingQuTu'sinsideandout.Theenemyforcesfoughtdesperately,beingbrokenupandreunitedmanytimes.Fromthemorninguntiltheafternoon,theenemytroopsbegantoretreat.LiShimincommandedthesoldierstopursue,capturedandbeheadedatotalof8,000people,andthenmarchedintothecamptothecity.WangShichongdidnotdaretofightagain,butdefendedhimselfaroundthecity,waitingforDouJiande'srescue.LiShiminsenttroopstodigtrenchesandsurroundthemforlong-termguarding.WuWangDuFuweisenthisgeneralsChenZhengtongandXuZhaozongtoleadtwothousandelitesoldierstojoinintheLiShiminbarracks.PuppetZhengzhouSimaShenyuesurrenderedatHulaoPass.GeneralWangJunguorespondedandcapturedthepuppetKingJingWangXingbenalive.

ItjustsohappenedthatDouJiandeledmorethan100,000troopstorescueWangShichongandreachedthewildjujube.XiaoYu,QuTutong,andFengDeyiallsufferedfromtheenemybecauseoftheirbacksandbacks.Perhapsthisisnotaperfectsolution,theyrequestedtoretiretoGuzhoutowatchthesituation.LiShiminsaid:"WangShichonghasrunoutoffood,internallyandexternally,ourarmydoesnotneedtoattack,andcantakeadvantageoftheenemy'sdefeat.DouJianderecentlyattackedMengHaigong,thegeneralsareproudandthesoldiersarelazy.OurarmytakesWuguanasanoffensive,andguardsthemountainsandrivers.Iftheenemyiscompetingwithourarmy,Iwillbeinevitabletobreaktheenemy.Ifthereisnobattle,thekingwillcollapseonitsownwithintendays.Iftheenemydoesnotattackquickly,theenemyenterstheprison,andthecitieshavejustreturned,itmustbeCan'tholdon.Whatelsecantheydoiftheirtwoforcesmerge?"QuTutongalsoaskedtoclearthesiegetoadangerousplacetowaitfortheenemy'sinternalchanges.LiShimindisagreed.SoQuTutongassistedQiWangLiYuanjitosurroundWangShichong,andLiShiminpersonallyled3,500cavalrytoWujao.

DouJiandewentwestfromXingyangandbuiltafortressinBanzhu,whileLiShiminwasstationedinWulao,andthetwoarmiesfacedeachotherformorethan20days.Apersonwholistenedtothenewsreported:"DetectiveDouJiandeheardthatourarmy'slivestockhadrunoutoffeedandwaitedtograzeonthenorthbankoftheYellowRiver.Whilewaitingforhorsestograze,hetooktheopportunitytoattacktheWujaon."Knowingtheirconspiracy,LiShiminsethishorsetograzeonthenorthbankoftheYellowRiver.Luretheenemy.Inthemorning,DouJiandeledallthesoldiersandhorsestoarrive,displayingthearmyabovethewater.GeneralWangShichong,GuoShiheng,marchedinthesouth,stretchingforseveralmiles,shoutingloudly,andthegeneralswereterrified.LiShiminledafewcavalryonthehighmoundtolookattheenemyarmy,andsaidtothegenerals:"TheculpritshaveraisedtheirtroopsinShandongandhavenevermetapowerfulenemy.Nowtheyhavepassedthroughdangerousplacesandclamored.Thisisamanifestationofnodecree;approaching.Thecitywallisinbattle,andtherearethoughtsofdespisingus.Ican’tputmytroopsout,andtheenemy’smomentumwillbeexhausted.Ifthesoldiersarehungryfortoolong,theywillretreat.Ifyoucometochaseatthistime,youcanbeinvincible.Iagreewithyou,Theenemymustbedefeatedafternoon."DouJiandemovedoutofthebattlefield.Frommorningtillafternoon,thesoldierswerehungryandtired.Theywereallsittinginthearray,fightingfordrinkingwater,andthenretreatinginaninstant.LiShiminsaid:"It'stimetoattack!"Hepersonallyledthelightly-cladcavalrytochaseandluretheenemy,andthearmyarrivedoneafteranother.DouJiandereturnedtothearmy,butbeforehecouldrectifythearray,LiShiminhadalreadyattackedfirst,andtheenemytroopsbrokeupwherevertheyattacked.Soon,allarmieswillcooperateandfight,thedustisflying,andtherearecalls.LiShiminledShiDanai,ChengYaojin,QinShubao,YuWenxinandotherstowavetheirflagsandrushintothebattle.Aftertheybrokeintotheformation,theyhungtheirarmyflags.Theenemylookedbackandsawtheofficialflag,andthewholearmycollapsed.Chasingandattackingforthirtymiles,morethan3,000beheadinglevels,50,000thieveswerecaptured,andDouJiandewascapturedaliveintheformation.LiShiminscoldedhimandsaid,“I’minchargeofWangShichong.It’sWangShichong.Iwon’tdoyourbusiness.WhywouldIcrosstheborderandoffendourarmy?”DouJiandetrembledinfearandsaid,“IfIdon’tcomenow,I’mafraidoftrouble.Youattackmefromadistance!"Then,LiShimintookDouJiandetotheeasterncapital.WangShichongwasveryfrightened,andledmorethan2,000ofhisofficialstothemilitarygatetorequestsurrender,andShandongwasallpacified.LiShiminenteredMiyagiandorderedXiaoYu,DouGuiandotherstosealuptheguards'treasury.Theydidn'ttakeanything,andonlyorderedJiShifangXuanlingtocollectthemapandhouseholdregistration.ThenhekilledmorethanfiftypeopleincludingDuanDa,whocommittedeviltogether,andreleasedalltheunjustlyimprisoned.Thosewhowerenotguiltyweresacrificedandwrotesacrificialtextstoexpresstheircondolences.Treatsoldierswithwineandfood,andawarditemsaccordingtotheirranks.AfterLiYuanheardaboutthisgreatvictory,heorderedShangShuZuoPutoshootPeiJiinthearmytocomforthim,andwroteanedictinhisownhand:"TheSuiDynastycollapsed,LingshanandHanguPasswereseparated.Thetwoheroesreunited,andthedynastywaspeaceful.Thearmyhaswon.,Letalonenocasualties.Youarenotashamedofbeingacourtier,andyouarenotworriedaboutbeingaruler."InJune,LiShimin'sclasstriumphantly,hepersonallyputonthegoldenarmorandlinedup10,000cavalry.Therewere30,000armoredsoldiers,trumpetingthefrontandback,andthetwopuppetmastersDouJiande,WangShichongandSuidynastyartifactswhocontributedtothecaptureinTaimiao.LiYuanbelievedthattheoldofficialrankwasnotcommensuratewiththespecialmeritssinceancienttimes,soheissuedanotheremblemtocommendLiShimin'smeritsandvirtues.InOctober,thetitleofGeneralLiShiminTiancewasadded,andDaxingtaioftheEasternShaanxiProvincewasplacedabovetheprinces.IncreasethenumberofhouseholdsinShiyiby20,000,eventheprevioustotalof30,000.Agoldenchariot,asetofthemaharajah’sgownandacrown,apairofjadebibs,60cattiesofgold,frontandbackadvocacyandninepiecesofmusic,fortypeopleinhonor.

Atthistime,thecountrygraduallybecamepeaceful,soLiShiminconcentratedonreadingthesub-collectionofclassicsandhistory,andopenedaliterarymuseumtowelcometalentedscholarsfromallovertheworld.Eighteenpeople,includingDuRuhui,whoarepartofXingtaijixun,arebachelors.Everytimeyoutaketurnsonduty,LiShiminlowershisstatusanddiscussestheclassicswiththebachelorsinagentlemanner,sometimesendinginthemiddleofthenight.Soon,DouJiande'soldgeneralLiuHeiweirebelledandoccupiedMingzhou.InDecember,LiShiminledtheentirearmytotheeasttoattackhim.

InthefirstmonthofthefifthyearofWude(622),hemarchedintoFeixianganddividedthetroopstocutoffLiuHeiwei'stransportationofgrain.Thetwosidesconfrontedeachotherfortwomonths.LiuHeicaiwasforcedtobeanxioustofight,led20,000infantryandcavalry,crossedMingshuisouth,andapproachedthearmyinthemorning.LiShiminpersonallyledtheelitecavalry,attackedLiuHeizai'scavalry,defeatedhim,trampledonhisinfantrywiththeimpactofvictory,theenemycollapsed,andbeheadedmorethan10,000.Previously,LiShiminsentsomeonetobuildadamtoblockthewaterflowandmakethewaterflowshallow,sothatLiuHeicaihadalreadycrossedthewater.Whenthebattlewasinprogress,thedamwasorderedtobedug.Thefloodrushedtoadepthofmorethanonefoot.Theenemysoldiershadalreadybeendefeated,andtheywerealldrownedinthewater.LiuHeizaiandmorethantwohundredcavalrymenflednorthtoTurkestan.LiShimincapturedallLiuHeizai'stribesandPingding,Hebei.Atthattime,XuYuanlangledhistroopstohinderLiShimininXuandYanzhou.LiShiminreturnedtohisteachertoconquerXuYuanlangandputdownXuYuanlang,soalltheprefecturesandcountiesofHe,Ji,Jiang,andHuaiwereputdown.InOctober,LiYuanjiagaveLiShimintherightandlefttwelvegenerals.

IntheseventhyearofWude(624),theTurksinvadedtheborder.TaizongandtheTurkicarmymetinBinzhou,leadingahundredknightsandentouragetotalkwiththeTurkicleaders.Afterthealliance,theTurkicarmywithdrew.

Wuden kahdeksantena vuonna (625 vuotta) LiShimin ylennettiin ZhongshuLingiin.

TheChangeofXuanwu

Inthe9thyearofWude(626),CrownPrinceLiJianchengandQiWangLiYuanjiwantedtomurderLiShimin.OnJune4th,LiShiminledChangsunWuji,YuchiJingde,FangXuanling,DuRuhui,YuWenshiji,GaoShilian,HouJunji,ChengYaojin,QinShubao,DuanZhixuan,QuTutong,ZhangShiguiandotherstokillatXuanwumen.LiJiancheng,LiYuanji.LiYuanwasshockedandappointedLiShiminasthecrownprinceonJune8.AllgovernmentaffairsweredecidedbyLiShimin.LiShiminthenletgooftheeagledogsraisedinthepalacegardenandstoppedcollectingtherareandprecioustreasurestributedbyallparties.Thepoliticalprincipleadvocatessimplicityandseriousness,andtheworldisoverjoyed.Healsoorderedthevariousofficialstosubmitamemorialtoeachofthem,statingindetailthekeytostabilizingtheheartsofthepeopleandgoverningthecountry.OnJune13th,heordered:"Accordingtotheetiquetteandlaw,thetwonamesoftheemperorshouldnotbetabooforacertainword.Inmoderntimes,bothnameshavebeentaboo,andtherehavebeenmanyplaceswheretheyareabolished.Anytabooisagainsttheclassics.ThoseofficialsNumbers,names,publicandprivateliteraturebooks,wherethetwowords"Shimin"arenotconsecutive,donotneedtobetaboo."TheYouzhouMetropolitanGovernmentwasrevoked.Onthe15th,theDaxingtaioftheEasternShaanxiRoadwasabolishedandtheMingzhouDuduMansionwasestablished;theYizhouDaxingtaiwasabolishedandtheYizhouDudufuwasestablished.Onthe26th,thegovernorofYouzhou,LujiangKingLiYuan,attemptedtorebelandwasabandonedasanordinarycitizen.Onthe29th,TianceMansionwasrevoked.

OntheninthdayofAugustintheninthyearofWude(September4,626),LiYuanpassedthethronetoLiShimin,andLiShiminascendedthethroneintheXiandeHalloftheEastPalace.SendSikongandWeiGuogongPeiJitoburnfirewoodtosacrificetotheskyinthesouthernsuburbs,andamnestytheworld.SincethefirstyearofWude(618),allthosewhohavebeenpunishedandexiledforspeakingouthavebeenputback.Civilandmilitaryofficialswhohadnoprevioustitlesofrank5oraboveweregiventhefirstrank,andranksbelowthe6thrankweregiventhefirstrank.Theworldisexemptfromtaxationforoneyear.OnAugust18th,threethousandcourtladieswerereleasedhome.Onthe19th,theTurkicJielikKhanandtheTurkKhaninvadedJingzhou.Onthe20th,theTurksinvadedmartialarts,andthecapitalwasundermartiallaw.Onthe21st,thelong-termSunwasthequeen.Onthe24th,theTurksinvadedGaoling.Onthe26th,themarchingcommander,WeiChiJingde,foughtagainsttheTurksinJingyang,smashingtheTurksandbeheadingmorethan1,000.Onthe28th,JieLiKhanarrivedattheedgeoftheWeishui.LiShiminandJieLihadadialogueacrosstheWeishuiandaccusedhimofbetrayingthecontract.Soonafterthearmyarrived,JieLiKhansawTangJunjun'smajestyandmajesty,andknewthathehadbeenarrestedforfailuretothink.Hewassoterrified,soheaskedforreconciliation,andtheedictagreed.LiShiminreturnedtothepalacethatday.Onthe30th,Zongdrovetothetemporarybridgeagain,andsetanoathwithJieLiKhantokillthewhitehorse,andtheTurksretreated.

OnthefirstdayofSeptember,JieLiKhanoffered3,000horsesand10,000sheep.LiShiminrefusedtoacceptandorderedJieLitoreturnthelootedChinesepopulation.Startingonthe22nd,LiShiminledalltheinfantrygeneralsoftheForbiddenArmytolearnarcheryintheXiandePalace.Heinterviewedhimself,andtheshooterwasrewardedwithabow,knife,clothandsilk.TherearemanyadvisersintheDPRK,butLiShiminrefusestoacceptthem.Sincethen,thesoldiershavebecomeelitetroops.Onthe27th,theedictorderedprivatehomesnottoestablishdemongodswithoutauthorization,andtosetupinappropriatesacrificesatwill.Sacrificesandprayersthatwerenotinaccordancewiththeetiquetteandlawswerestrictlyforbidden.Exceptforthefivetypesofdivination,tortoiseshellsandbeastbones,othermiscellaneousdivinationsarealsostoppedandprohibitedfrombeingused.

OntheeighthdayofNovember,LiChengqian,thekingofSunYat-sen,becamethecrownprince.OnthefifthdayofNovember,thecountyprincefromtheroyalfamilywhohadnotestablishedmeritoriousserviceswasdemotedtothecountyofficial.OnDecember19,LiShimininterrogatedandrecordedtheprisoners’crimes.Inthesameyear,LiKe,kingofChangshaCounty,wasnamedtheKingofHanJin,andLiYou,kingofYiyangCounty,wasnamedKingofChu.

TheRuleofZhenguan

OnthefirstdayofthefirstmonthofthefirstyearofZhenguan(627),theYuanwaschanged.Onthe17thofthefirstlunarmonth,thekingofYanjunLiYi(thatis,LuoYi)occupiedJingzhoutorebel,andwassoonkilledbythepeopleontheleftandright,andsentthefirstleveltothecapitaltoshowthepublic.TaketheservantshootthesinusrailasthechiefgovernorofYizhou.OnApril12,LiYouliang,thegovernorofLiangzhouandthekingofChangleCounty,wasguiltyandexecuted.OnthefirstdayofSeptember,whenthesunandthemoonarecombined,thereisasolareclipse.Onthe12th,dispatchedenvoystoinspectthedamagedfarmlandsinvariousstatestoprovidereliefandcondolencestothepoor.OnOctober18th,Taizongfrugaldietduetofamine.OnDecember30th,LizhougovernorLiXiaochangandYouWuweigeneralLiuDeyuconspiredandwereexecuted.

OnthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonthinthesecondyearofZhenguan(628),TuyuhuninvadedMinzhou,andthegovernorLiDaoyandefeatedthem.OnMarch15th,LiJingservedasthechiefoftheGuanneiRoadmarchtodefendagainsttheinvasionoftheXueYantuotribe.OnMarch22,dispatchedenvoystopatrolallpartsoftheGuan,andtookoutmoneyandtreasurestohelpthehungrypeopleredeemtheirsoldchildren.Onthe23rd,duetothedroughtandlocustdisaster,LiShimindeclaredhimselftobeamnesty.OnthethirddayofApril,theexposedcorpsesofthepeopleoftheSuiDynastywereburied.Onthe26th,LiangLuoren,theShuofangperson,killedLiangShiduandsurrenderedtothecourt.OnNovember19th,aceremonywasheldinthesouthernsuburbsofBeijing.

OnApril23rdofthethirdyearofZhenguan(629),LiShiminbegantolistentopoliticsintheTaijiHall.OnJune8,becauseofthedrought,LiShiminpersonallyreviewedandrecordedtheprisoners’guilt.ChangsunWuji,FangXuanlingandothersweresenttoprayforraininfamousmountainsandrivers,andDuZhenglunfromZhongshusheandothersweresenttotheprefecturesinGuanneitocomfortandcomfort.Healsoorderedthecivilandmilitaryofficialstoputonasealedmemorialandtrytotellthepoliticalgainsandlosses.OnNovember22,LiJi,thegovernorofBingzhou,wasappointedasthecommanderoftheTonghanRoadmarching,andLiJing,theShangshuoftheMinistryofWar,wasthecommanderoftheDingxiangRoadmarchinginordertofighttheTurks.LeapOnDecember17th,theedictbuiltatempleforthevictimsofthewarriorswhodiedinthebattleattheplacewheretherebelshadbeenengagedsincetheestablishmentoftheedict.OrderYuShinan,LiBoyao,ChuLiang,YanShigu,CenWenwen,XuJingzong,ZhuZisheandotherstosetupinscriptionsforthemtorecordtheirachievements.

OnMarch15thinthefourthyearofZhenguan(630),ZhangBaoxiang,deputycommanderofthemarchofDatongRoad,capturedJieliKhanaliveanddedicatedittothecapital.Onthe29th,LiShiminreportedtoTaimiaothatJieLiKhanhadbeencaptured.OnApril2ndofXia,whenhedrovetoShuntianGate,theofficercaughtJieLiandofferedvictory.Fromthenon,thenorthwesterncountriesallrequestedtogivetheemperorthetitle"TianKhan",sotheemperorsentdownasealtogranttheirruler.

OnSeptember8th,theordertoburythebonessouthoftheGreatWallstillmadepeoplesacrifice.Onthe20th,thetombsofwisekings,sageemperors,andwiseministersandheroesfromancienttimeswereorderednottomowgrassandgraze.

OnOctober1stinwinter,IdrivetoLongzhouandamnestythetwoprefecturesofLongzhouandQiduetospecialcircumstances,andexemptthemfromtaxationandserviceforoneyear.

Zhenguanin viidennen vuoden kevätfestivaalin 13. päivänä(631)KunmingChin yliopistossa suoritetun tarkastuksen aikana seurattiin kaikkia vähemmistön keisareita.17. joulukuuta ajoi Wentangiin.18. päivänä metsästysLishanissa.

Helmikuun 2., kuudentena Zhenguanin (632 vuotta), Taishi-, Taifu- ja Taibao-virkailijat perustettiin.4. päivänä koulua alettiin perustaa.Maaliskuun 15. päivänä ajetaan Jiuchengin palatsiin.

Seitsemännen vuoden 3. marraskuuta (633 vuotta) äskettäin päätetty "FiveClassics" julkaistiin.

Onthe28thoftheeighthyear(634),GeneralZhangShigui,GeneralofYoutunwei,attackedtherebelliousLiaoclanintheeastandwestfiveholesandputthemdown.Onthe29th,therightservantofShangShuwasorderedtoshootLiJing,specialadvancetoXiaoWangyu,YangGongren,WangGui,WangGuioftheMinistryofRites,WeiTing,theofficialdoctoroftheMinistryofRites,ShiHuangfuWuyi,GovernoroftheMetropolitanCapitalofPanzhou,andShiLiXi,GovernoroftheMetropolitanofYangzhouYu,YouzhouMetropolitanGovernorShiZhangLiang,LiangzhouMetropolitanGovernorLiDaliang,theright-leadinggeneralDouDan,theprinceZuoConcubineDuZhenglun,MianzhouGovernorLiuDewei,andHuangmenMinisterZhaoHongzhiwentasenvoystoobservefolkcustoms.

InwinterOctober,GeneralYouXiaoweiandBaoguoDukeDuanZhixuanhitTuyuhun,brokeit,andchasedformorethan800miles.OnNovember3and19,TuyuhuninvadedLiangzhou.Onthe21st,TuyuhundetainedmyenvoyZhaoDekai.OnDecember3,LiJingwasorderedtojointhearmy,HouJunji,ShangshuoftheMinistryofWar,Daozong,thekingofthecityofXingshu,andLiDaliang,thegovernorofLiangzhou,wereorderedtobethechiefcommanders.Onthe17th,theemperorfollowedtheSupremeEmperorinamilitaryparadeinthewestofthecity.

InthespringofMarchofthe9thyear(635),TaozhouQiangrebelledandkilledKongChangxiu.Onthe16th,anamnesty.Eachtownshiphasonemayorandtwoassistantofficials.Onthe19th,GaoZengsheng,thechiefofYanzeRoad,brokethroughthenumerousrebelliousQiangpeople.RunOnApril28th,ChiefExecutivesLiJing,HouJunji,LiDaliang,andRenchengKingDaozongbrokeTuyuhuninNiuxindui.OnMay1st,hebrokeTuyuhunagaininWuhai,chasingblowsuntilBohai.ThedeputychiefsXueWanjunandXueWanchebrokeTuyuhunagaininChishuiyuan,andcapturedtwentypeopleofthefamousTuyuhunking.Onthe6th,theSupremeEmperorpassedawayinDa'anPalace.Onthe18th,LiJingcalmedTuyuhunabovetheWestSeaandcapturedTuyuhunKingMurongFuyun.BecausehissonMurongShunguangsurrendered,hebecamethekingofXipingCountyandrestoredTuyuhun'sowncountry.Onthe21stofautumnJuly,theTaimiaowasbuiltintosixrooms.OnOctober27th,EmperorTaiwuwasburiedinXianlingMausoleum.OnNovember16th,thegodofthehighancestorsworshippedattheancestraltemple.OnDecember12,MurongShunguang,kingofXipingCountyofTuyuhunwaskilledbyhissubordinates,andHouJunji,ShangshuoftheMinistryofWar,wassenttopacifythearmy.HestillnamedNuohubo,sonofMurongShunguang,thekingofHeyuanCountyandmadehimcommandtheTuyuhuntribe..

KeisariFanJiaozi

Zhenguanin 17. vuoden huhtikuussa(643) Prinssi LiChengqian lakkautettiin petoksen vuoksi ja Keisari TaizongofTangmadehisnth poikaJinWangLiZhilihistriccenly.,Andhesprinssiprinssi.

Onthefirstmonthofthe22ndyearofZhenguan(648),EmperorTaizongbestowedhistwelvearticlesof"EmperorFan"toPrinceLiZhi,andwarnedhim:"YoushoulduseancientThesagesandwisekingsasteachers,likeme,absolutelycannotimitate.BecauseifyoutaketheDharmafromabove,youcanonlygainfromit.IfyoutaketheDharmafromthemiddle,youcanonlygainfromit.SinceIbecamethethrone,IhavecommittedTherearemanymistakes:thebeautifulpearlsandjadeareinthefront,thepalacesandthepalacesareoftenintrigued,thedogs,horses,eaglesandfalconsareindistinguishable,travelingeverywheretoprovidetrouble.AllthesearethebiggestmistakesIhavecommitted,don'ttakemeSetanexampletoimitatetheexample."

Kuoli sairauden vuoksi

Zhenguanin (649) 23. vuotena keisari Taizongof Tang tuli sairaudeksi (sanottiin, että hän otti Tianzhulong life -lääkettä, joka aiheutti vakavan sairauden) ja paransi hänet.

Zhenguanin 23. vuoden 26. toukokuuta (10.649. heinäkuuta) Taizong kuoli Hanfeng-hallissaCuiwein palatsissa Zhongnan Mountainissa. Ensimmäinen kuoleman jälkeinen keisari, nimeltään Taizong, haudattiin Zhaolingiin.

InthefirstyearofEmperorGaozongofTangDynasty(674),theposthumousemperorWenwuwasadded,theeighthyearofEmperorXuanzongTianbao(749),theemperorWenwuwasadded,andthethirteenthyearofTianbao(754)wasaddedtheposthumousemperorWenwuShengdaGuangxiaoEmperor.

Poliittiset toimet

Politiikka

Työllistävät kyvyt

NotlongafterLiShiminbecametheemperor,accordingtotheliteratureofthePrinceofQinThemodelofthemuseumistosetuptheHongwenPaviliontofurtherreservetalents.LiShiminknowspeoplewell,employsmeritocracy,regardlessoforigin.Intheearlystage,herecruitedFangXuanlingandDuRuhui,andlaterappointedgrandsonWuji,YangShidao,ChuSuiliang,etc.,allofwhomwereloyalandhonest;otherssuchasLiJiandLiJingwerealsoageneration.Celebrities.Inaddition,LiShiminalsodisregardedthepredecessors,reusedtheoldministryWeiZhengandWangGui,andsentgeneralssuchasWeiChigongandQinQiong.Thetalentswereabundant.HealsoorderedGaoShilian,LinghuDefen,andotherstore-editthe"ClanHistory",focusingonmorality,advocacy,andmeritoriousservice,replacingtheworldwithheroes;andthroughtheimperialexamination,itrecruitedtalentedordinaryscholarsandreplacedthefamilywiththeimperialexamination.Asaresult,thechancesofunderprivilegedchildrenbecomingofficialhasgreatlyincreased,bringinganewatmospheretothepoliticalarena.Inaddition,heevenacceptedFengDeyi'sproposalandorderedtheclantobeanofficialinordertogetridofhisvicesofenjoyingwealth.

Paranna järjestelmää

DuringLiShimin'sreign,theSuisystembecamemoreperfect.Forexample,thecentralimperialcourtcontinuedthethree-provinceandsix-ministersystem,andsetupspecialpoliticalaffairshallstofacilitatecollegiateinquiriesaboutpolitics,andtotakeadvantageoftheeffectofthethreeprovinces'mutualrestraint;thelocalgovernmentfollowedtheSuiDynasty'stwo-levelsystemofcountiesandcounties,dividedintotenprisondistrictsacrossthecountry(road).Inaddition,themilitarysystemofthegovernmentincorporatedsoldiersinagriculture;thesystemofequalizationofland,thesystemofrentingthecommonwealth,andtheimperialexaminationsystemwerealldeveloped.

CongJianRuliu

LiShimintooktheSuiYangEmperor’srefusaltosubduethecountryasaprecept,andafterascendingtothethrone,hetriedhisbesttospeak.Heexpandedthepoweroftheadviser,Healsoencouragedtheofficialstocriticizehisdecision-makingandstyle.Amongthem,WeiZhengtingadvisedhimmorethan200times.ThefaultoftheEmperorCheninthecourthallcausedmanyembarrassingsituationsintheearlydynastythatmadeLiShiminunabletostepdown.Forexample,WangGui,MaZhou,SunFujia,andChuSuiliangareallwell-knownfortheirextremeadvice.Inhislateryears,LiShiminwasnotasacceptingofadviceashisearlydaysbecauseoftheprosperityofhiscountry,andoccasionallyregrettedkillingtheministerbymistake,butheremainedrestrainedandmaintainedademeanorofadmonition.

Kiinnitä merkitys tulehdusvirheeseen

DuringtheperiodofZhenguan,underLiShimin'sgovernance,thesocietydidnotclosetheirhouseholdsatnightanddidnotpickupthethings.InthefouryearsofZhenguan(630),therewereonly29prisonerssentencedtodeathinthecountry.InthesixthyearofZhenguan(632years),thenumberofexecutedprisonersincreasedto290.Attheendoftheyear,LiShiminallowedthemtogohomeforfuneralaffairs,anddiedwhentheycamebackintheautumnoftheseventhyearofZhenguan(633)(anexecutionintheautumninancienttimes).IntheautumnoftheseventhyearofZhenguan,all290prisonerswerereturned,andnoneofthemescaped.

TheReignofZhenguan

IntheSuiDynasty,YangGuangcausedseriouschaosintheendoftheSuiDynasty,resultinginasharpdeclineinpopulation,leavingonly2millionhouseholdsintheWudeperiodandthebeginningofZhenguan.LiShiminoftentakesthedeathoftheSuiDynastyasaprecept,paysattentiontoself-restraintdesires,andaskshisministersnottostopadmonitionforfearofdispleasedness,andstrivetogovern.Inpolitics,hewillnotblamethepast,knowpeopleandbegoodathisresponsibilities,followtheadviceandrectifytheofficials;economically,BoFuwasthriftyandcautiousinhispolitics;hewasalsocommittedtorevivingcultureandeducationtostabilizetheturbulentsituationattheendoftheSuiDynasty.

LiShiminattachesgreatimportancetotheQingmingofofficialgovernance.HeonceorderedFangXuanlingprovincetomakeredundantstaff,andsent13ambassadorsincludingLiJingtoinspectthecountrytoinspectthepublicopinion;hepersonallyselectedthegovernor,thegovernorandotherlocalofficials,andputThemeritsanddemeritsarewrittenonthescreeninthepalaceasthebasisforrewardsandpunishmentsforraisingandlowering.Inaddition,itisstipulatedthatBeijingofficialswithfivegradesandabovetaketurnstostayinZhongshuProvince,sothattheycanseethecourtatanytimetoinquireabouttheproblemsofthepeopleandthegainsandlossesofgovernance.Thehundredofficialsthenencouragetheirintegrityanddirectlyimprovetheefficiencyofthegovernment.

Armeija, LiShimin käytti ulkomaisia ​​joukkoja monta kertaa, peräkkäin tukahduttaen turkkilaisia, Xuyantuoa, Huihea, Gaochangia, Yanqia, Qiucija, Tuyuhunia jne. Tang-dynastian arvostuksen vuoksi, neljä osapuolta palvelivat vieraina.

ThroughtheeffortsofLiShiminandhisministersfor23years,socialstability,economicrecoveryandstabledevelopment,foreignmartialartsprominent,byAD652(TangGaozongYonghuithreeyears),thepopulationreachedmorethan3.8millionThehouseholdslaidthefoundationfortheprosperityoftheTangDynastyduringthereignsofEmperorGaozong,WuZetian,andXuanzongoftheTangDynasty.ItisknownastheruleofZhenguaninhistory.

Economy

Intheeconomy,LiShiminimplementsthesystemofequalizationoflandandthemodulationofrents,whichmakesitpossibleforfarmerstostabilizeproduction,andsometimescultivates,whichpromoteseconomicdevelopment.Payattentiontoagricultureandreducetaxesandlaborforfarmers."Quitextravaganceandbesimple"andrestrainone'sdesireforenjoyment;togetridofthebadgovernmentof"thepeoplearelessandtheofficialsaremore"willhelpalleviatethepeople'sburden.

TheZhenguanperiodwasararedynastythatdidnotdiscriminateagainstbusinessinChinesehistory.Itnotonlydidnotdiscriminate,butalsoprovidedmanyconvenientconditionsforbusinessdevelopment.ThisfurtherreflectsLiShimin'slong-termvision.UndertheadvocacyoftheLiShimingovernment,thecommercialeconomyoftheZhenguanDynastymaderapidandsubstantialprogress,andnewcommercialcitiessprunguplikebambooshootsafterarain.Atthattime,morethanhalfoftheworld'sfamouscommercialcitieswereconcentratedinChina.InadditiontoJiaozhou,Guangzhou,Mingzhou,andFuzhoualongthecoast,thereareHongzhou(NanchangCity,JiangxiProvince),Yangzhou,Yizhou(Chengdu,SichuanProvince)intheinland,andShazhouandLiangzhouinthenorthwest.ThecapitalChang'anandtheaccompanyingcapitalLuoyangareworldmetropolises.

The"SilkRoad"openedupintheHanDynastyhasalwaysbeenalinkbetweenthematerialcivilizationsoftheEastandtheWest.TheTangDynastyhasavastterritory.FourtownsinAnxiwereestablishedintheWesternRegions.Kazakhstan),providingastablesocialorderandeffectivesecurityforbusinesstravelbetweentheEastandtheWest.Asaresult,businesstravelontheSilkRoadisendless,andawidevarietyofbulkgoodsarepassedbetweentheEastandtheWest,makingtheSilkRoadasuccess.Thegoldencorridorofthewholeworld.

Armeija

26. huhtikuuta Renyinpäivänä (3.628. kesäkuuta)Zhenguanin toisena vuonna, LiangLuoren Shuofangista tapetuista LiangShidusta, Xiazhousen paratistijoukkojen johtajasta, palasi TangDynastiaan, Yhdistyneeseen kuningaskuntaan.

InthefourthyearofZhenguan(630),LiShiminorderedLiJingtogotoSaibeitochallengethesupremacyoftheEastTurksinEastAsia.UnderLiJing'sdispatch,theTangarmydestroyedtheEastTurks,andLiShiminwasreveredasthe"KhanofHeaven"bytheWesternRegions.

AfterthesuppressionoftheTurks,TaizongcontinuedtooperatetheWesternRegionsandusedtroopsseveraltimes.IntheeighthyearofZhenguan(634years),theTaizongsentLiJing,HouJunji,andLiDaozongtoattackTuyuhun.Thefollowingyear,TuyuhunFuyunKhanfledintothedesertandwaslaterkilledbytheChinese.TaizongsetupanotherKingofTuyuhun.

InthethirteenthyearofZhenguan(639),EmperorTaizongmadeatributetotheWesternRegionswiththeKingofGaochangQuwen,andorderedHouJunjiandXueWanchetoleadtroopstodefeatGaochang.Thefollowingyear,KuWentaidiedofillness,andhissonKuZhishengsucceededtothethroneandsurrenderedtotheTangDynasty.TaizongthensetupAnxiDuhuMansioninJiaoheCity,thecapitalofGaochang,andallcountriesintheWesternRegionspaidtributetoChang'an.

InFebruaryofthenineteenthyearofZhenguan(645),EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastyledthesixarmiesandmarchednorthfromLuoyangtoattackGoguryeoonthegroundsthattheregentofGoguryeokilledthepeopleandabusedthepeople.TangJunwonmanybigvictories.Intheend,becausethelocalareabecamecoldearly,thegrasswaswitheredandthewaterwasfrozen,thehorsesandhorsescouldnotstayforalongtime,andthefoodwasrunningout,sotheclassteacherreturned.

TangTaizong henkilökohtaisesti valloitti Goguryeon,vangittiinXuantuon,Hengshanin,Gaimun,Momi,Liaodong,Baiyan,Beisha,Maigu,Yinshan,Houhuangtencities,ja muutti Liaoon,GaiandYaniin.70,000:n asukkaan asukkaalla. g,Jian'an ja Garrison pyyhkäisivät suuren määrän Goguryeo-joukkoja ja vangitsivat Goguryeon yli 40 000:n ensimmäiseksi joukoksi (yleensä kuolleiden vihollisten määrä on paljon enemmän kuin mestaus, kuten Pyongyangin taistelu ,Mingarmybeheaded800,muttaKonishiensimmäinen armeija menetti yli 10 000),jaTangJun-sotilaat kuolivat vähemmän kuin kaksituhatta ihmistä. suuria voittoja.Ainoastaan ​​150 000GaoYanshouinandGaoHuizhen-armeijassa, jotka suoritettiin Goguryeon kanssa, Tangarmy sai myös 50 000 hevosta, 50 000 lehmää, panssaroidut kaulapannat ja monta muuta. Laitteet. edthe tappiot , mikä edistää Goguryeon jatkuvaa valloitusta ja Goguryeon tuhoamista.

Afterthis,TangTaizonglaunchedsomeattacksonGoguryeo,weakeningGoguryeo,andTangJunalsowon.Inthe21styearofZhenguan(647years),TaizongorderedNiuJinda,LiJi,andLiHaigantoleadtroopsintoGoguryeofrombothlandandwater.LiJiledhisarmyacrosstheLiaoshuiRiverandpassedthroughseveralcitiessuchasNansu.MostoftheGoguryeosoldiersfoughtwiththeirbacksagainstthecitywall.LiJidefeatedthemandburnedtheoutercitybeforereturningtohisdivision.NiuJindaandLiHaiganledtheirtroopsintotheterritoryofGoguryeo.Aftermorethanonehundredbattles,theywereinvincibleandconqueredStoneCity.MarchingtoJiliCity,morethan10,000Goryeosoldierscameoutofthecitytofight,LeeHaijiandefeatedhimandbeheadedtwothousandlevels(usuallythenumberofenemieskilledisfarmorethanthenumberofbeheadings).InDecember,KingGoguryeoaskedhissonMoLizhiRenwutoenterthecourttoapologize.Inthe22ndyearofZhenguan(648),theancientspiritledtheTangarmytocrosstheseatoattackGoguryeo.WhentheyencounteredtheGoguryeoarmy5,000cavalry,theTangarmydefeatedtheminYishan.Thatnight,morethan10,000Goguryeotroopsattackedtheshipoftheancientgodsandweredefeatedbytheancientgodsagain.XueWancheledtheTangarmyacrossYaluandarrivedatBozhuoCity.TheGoguryeopeoplewereafraidandgaveuptheirresidenceandfled.Thewarchief'shusbandandgrandsonresisted,XueWancheattackedthehusbandandsun,anddefeated30,000Goguryeoreinforcements.

InthenineteenthyearofZhenguan(645),XueYantuoleaderDomiKhanbegantofightagainstthearmyoftheTangDynasty.Thefollowingyear,aftertheTangarmycounterattackedanddefeatedBazhuo,XueYantuo'svassalHuihesenttroopstokillhim.Dezhuo'scousinYiTeWushiKhanDuomosurrenderedtotheTangarmy,andXueYantuoperished.

Zhenguanin 20. vuonna (646 vuotta)TangDynasty perustiAnbeiDuhuMansioninMobein jaShanyuDuhuMansioninMonanin perustaa LuofuStatein etelään(nykyHajing,Vietnam),NorthKuoFfecture,AnbeiDuhuEnprenamed. harvinainen), länsi ja Anxiprefektuuri (nykyisin Buhara, Uzbekistan) ja Goben prefektuurin laaja alue (nykyisin Tonghua, Jilin)​idässä.

Culture

IntheearlyyearsofZhenguan,LiShiminorderedtocollectpicturesandbooksnationwide,gathermorethan200,000volumesoffourbooksintheHongwenHall,andbuildthe"HongwenHall"nexttotheHongwenHall.Tostorepicturesandbooks.YuShinan,ChuWuliang,YaoSilian,andOuyangXunwereappointedasbachelors,andWeiZheng,YuShinan,YanShigu,andotherfamousscholarsandmastersweresuccessivelyappointedassecretariesandsupervisorstobeinchargeofthenationallibraryandbookcollectionbusiness.Thebookkeeperisthebookkeeper,andanofficialwhoinspectstheschool'scollectionissetupintheHongwenguan,whowillwrite,sort,andcollatethebooksintheinnerlibraryandbeinchargeofthepalace.Inadditiontothe"Hongwenguan",theofficialbookcollectioninstitutionsalsohavethe"HistoricalMuseum",the"ScienceBureau",the"SecretaryDepartment"andthe"ChongwenMuseum".Thequalityandquantityoftheircollectionsfarexceedthoseofpreviousgenerations.Prepared".Inhislateryears,duetothecontinuoususeofsoldierstobuildpalaces,miscellaneoustaxesbecameincreasinglyheavier.

Nation

AtthebeginningoftheTangDynasty,therewastheharassmentofJihuintheeast,thethreatofTuyuhuninthewest,andtheinvasionofTurksinthenorth,especiallytheTurkicarmedforcesruledbyslave-ownersandnobles.ItonceapproachedthesuburbsofChang'an(nowXi'an),thecapitaloftheTangDynasty,andbecamethemainthreatatthattime.AfterLiShimintookthethrone,afterthreeorfouryearsofseriousefforts,thecountry'seconomicstrengthhasimprovedsignificantly,theregimehasbeenconsolidatedtoacertainextent,andtheharassmentoftheTurkshasshiftedfromdefensetocounterattack.Butatthesametime,itadoptsapolicyofnostalgiafortheethnicminoritiesaroundit.

InSeptemberofthe9thyearofWude(626),atthebeginningofhisascension,EmperorTaizongsaid:"Thekingregardstheworldasafamily.Withintheconfinement,thereareallmysons."InthefirstyearofZhenguan(627),Healsosaid:"Iregardtheworldasmyhome."IntheeighteenthyearofZhenguan(644),healsosaid:"Yidiisalsoahumanear,andhisloveisnotdifferentfromthatofZhongxia.TheownerdoesnothavetoworryaboutDeze,andthereisnoneedtobejealousofaliens.GaiDezecha,thefourbarbarianscanbelikeafamily;iftherearetoomanysuspicions,thefleshandbloodwillinevitablybecomeenemies."Inthe21styearofZhenguan(647),hesaid:"Sinceancienttimes,Chinaisprecioustothebarbarians.Therefore,hiscultivationdependsonmeasmyparents."ThiskindofknowledgeandthoughtofEmperorTaizongofTangshowedhisbenevolentandgenerousmindinhandlingethnicrelationsandSino-foreignrelations.Undertheguidanceofthiskindofthinkingandmind,duringtheZhenguanperiod,averyenlightenedandfriendlypolicyofethnicrelationsandSino-foreignrelationswasimplemented.

InthefourthyearofZhenguan(630),aftertheTangDynastydestroyedtheEastTurkicKhanate,itdidnotadoptthehistoricallycustomarymeasuresofseparationanddismemberment,butadoptedthepolicyof"allthetribesandfollowtheircustoms".RespectandretainthesocialorganizationandcustomsoftheTurks.IntheareafromYouzhou(nowBeijing)intheeasttoLingzhou(nowNingxia),thefourprefecturesofShun,You,Hua,andChangzhouhavebeensetupproperlytobeplacedintheTurkicdescendants.Inaddition,DingxiangandYunzhonghavebeensetupintheTurkicoriginalsettlementstomanagetheTurkicresidents.ThegovernorsofthesegovernorhouseswereallheadsoftheTurkictribe,andtheycouldbehereditary,creatinganewsystemofjimbuprefectures.Theenlightenedandfriendlypolicysoonachievedgoodresults.

Inthe21styearofZhenguan(647years),EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastywaschampionedbyHuiheandothertribesas"TianKhan"andbecametheco-lordandsupremeleaderofallraces.A"ToweringKhanRoad"wasestablishedinthenorth,"Sixty-eightpoststationsweresetup,eachwithhorses,wineandmeat,forthepast."Fromthenon,"theprincesoftheWesternRegionsandNorthernWildernessesweregiventotheWesternRegionsandtheNorthernWildernesseswithaseal,andtheywereallcalled'EmperorTianKhan.'Thesystemofcanonization.EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastyalsoimplementedapolicyofliaisonwithTuboandotherethnicminorities,andcoordinatedandstrengthenedrelationswiththesurroundingethnicgroupsthroughmarriageandaffection.Thelong-termimplementationofenlightenedandfriendlyethnicrelationspoliciesandsystemsintheTangDynastygreatlyreducedthegapbetweentheHanandethnicminorities,strengthenedtheextensivecomplementarityandintegrationoffleshandbloodamongethnicgroups,andrealizedthegrandsituationofmulti-ethniccommondevelopmentandprogress.ItwasintheTangDynastythatthenewpronounoftheChinesenation-"Tangren"wasformed,layingthefoundationofthemodernChinesenation.

Diplomatia

Kiinan ja ulkomaan suhteet kukoistavat todella tai nopeasti.Zhenguanin myöhemmällä kaudella"neljä barbaaria ja johtajaa, jotka kilpailevat näkemyksensä esittämisestä, tiet ovat loputtomia,jokainen yuandynastianpehmeäjuhlajuhla."

• Tubo

Zhenguanin (641) viidennentoista vuoden ensimmäisenä kuukautena, Keisari TaizongofTangwasinTuboSongtsenGambon,Zanzengin(theruler) pyynnöstä hän lupasi mennä naimisiin PrinsessaZongnvWenchengin kanssa ja lähettääSongtnnvWenchengin ibet.SongtsenGamp oli iloinen kuultuaan uutiset, ja hän matkusti henkilökohtaisesti pääkaupunki Luxiesta (nyt Lhasa, Tiibet) Heyuaniin (nyt LakeWest, ElingCounty, Qinghain provinssi) ja tapasi LiDaozonin Hissonin lahjassa. anoppi.TubojaTangdynastiasta lähtien ovat olleet poikapojat,oppineet toiselta ja saaneet yhdessä ystävyyden.

• Intia

"DaTangWesternRegions·Volume5":n mukaanZhenguan-kauden aikanaMonkkiChenXuanzang opiskeli Intiassa yli kymmenen vuotta,ja kuumensi huomiota Pohjois-Intian tekemiseen.

India’sKingJieritoldtheTangmonkwhohadcomefromafarabouttheinformationhehadlearnedabouttheTangDynasty:“IheardthatyouremperoriscalledKingQin.Hehadanextraordinaryexperiencewhenhewasyoung,andhewillbewisewhenhegrowsup.Shenwu.Previously,theworldwasinchaos,thecountrywasfallingapart,thewarwasstillfrequent,andthecreatureswerefrustrated.YourKingQinhadalong-termplan,acompassionateheart,savinglives,andcalmingthesea.Itscustomsandenlightenmentandgreatvirtuesarealloverthecountryandabroad,andthefoursidesadmireandbecomeministers.Thepeoplewereverygrateful,sotheyplayedandsang"TheKingofQinBreakingtheFormationMusic."Wehaveheardpraisesabouthimforalongtime.Isittruethathisreputationistrue?TheGreatTangDynastyyoumentionedreferstotheKingofQin.Thecountry?"

ThesewordsrevealedthatKingJieriknewsomethingaboutthepoliticalandmilitaryformsoftheSuiandTangdynasties.HeknewaboutthechaosintheendoftheSuiDynasty,andthattheKingofQinLiShiminwasthefounderoftheTangdynasty.Oneofthem,andhestartedwhenhewasyoung.InthedisputesoftheendoftheSuiDynasty,heusedhiswisegodtoputdowntheheroesandmadegreatcontributionsintheprocessoffoundingtheKingdomofTangDynasty.Moreinterestingly,healsoknewthattherewasasongcalled"QinWangPoZhenLe"onthepopmusicchartsduringtheZhenguanperiod.Ofcourse,afterall,therearelimitationsinthemeansofcommunication.KingJieri’sknowledgeofLiShimin’sidentitystillrestsonthetitleofKingQin.

WhenKingJieritalkedaboutLiShimin,hehadaverycordialfeeling.Infact,LiShiminandKingJierioftensendmessengerstointeract.

Historicalevaluation

Self-evaluation:①TherearefivethingsthatIcandowiththis:sinceancienttimes,theemperorshaveovercometheirownproblems,andIseethegoodofothers,ifIhavethem.Of.Peoplecan’thavebothabilities,soIoftenabandontheirshortcomingsandchoosetheirstrongest.Ownersoftenwanttoembracethesageswhentheyenterthesages,andpushthesageswhentheyretreat.IrespectthesageswhenIseethem,pitythesages,andthesagesgetwhattheydeserve.Thehostiswickedandupright,andthereisnogenerationandnogeneration.SinceIpracticedZuo,theuprightpeoplehavestoodshouldertoshoulderwiththedynastyanddidnotdenyanyone.Sinceancienttimes,ChinahasbeenprecioustoChina,cheaptobarbarians,andIloveasonealone,soitsplantsdependonmeasparents.Withthesefive,wehaveachievedwhatwehavedonetoday.②AttheendoftheSuiDynasty,weseparated,andagroupoffiercerivalscompeted.Iraisedthethree-footsword.Forafewyears,itwasoneofthefourseas,whichwasdeterminedbyourmartialarts.Itistheplaceofmycultureandeducation.TheTurksaredestroyed,themonarchsarecaptives,andtheloveofpeaceisthesameasthechild,whichisthewayofmybenevolence;LinyiGongcanspeakbirds,XinluopresentsdaughtersJoyandcompassionforone'sdepartedfromone'soriginareallinstructingagainstthecountry.Therecordandeffectofthestation'smeritsmustbebasedonrewards;thepunishmentofevilandpunishmentmustbebasedonthepenaltybook.Itisourtrustandfaithtocutloveanddissatisfaction,andtopromotejustice.Itisnotinvaintolearntheteachingsofsaintsifwearenotexclusivelyself-defeating.

"OldTangBook":EmperorChenguanwenhasawonderfulfortune,cleverandmartialartist.Choosingacharacterisnotselfishtotheparty,andifyouloseyourambitions,youwilldoyourbest.Therefore,QuTuandYuchiwerewillingtofallinlovewiththeirenemies;MaZhouandLiuJiwereestrangedfromeachother,buttheyweresuccumbedtoJunheng.Attheendofthestage,pleaseforgiveme.Trytotalkaboutit:thefoundationrunsandthecloudsareprosperous,andtheinsectssingandjump.AlthoughthesagesofYaoandShuncannotbeusedtocontrolpeacebysingularityandqueerness;YiandLuZhixiancannotbeprosperousforXiaJieandYinXin.Whenthemonarchsandministersencounterdifficulties,theyevenmaketheirowndecisions.WithFangandWeiZhizhi,nomorethanYuqiuandKe,thosewhocanrespecttheLordandprotectthepeoplewillsufferfromtime.KuangZhouFaandZhouChengzhi’shereditaryinheritance,Ihavealegacy;comparedwiththemagnificenceofHanwenandHanwu,heismoreembarrassed.It’snotconfusedifyoulistentoit,followthegood,andyoucansayitforthousandsofyears,justoneperson!

"New BookofTangDynasty":Hyvin,maailman hallitsija ei synny!Yuhansthe-maailma,ja on kuusikuninkaat,ja Shaokangilla on Zhongxingin teollisuus. orld,ja hän on ylittänyt kolmekymmentäkuusia kuningasta,ja on tullutKangin ja ZhaoXuanin ansioiden päällikkö.Yan ei voi kutsua mitään. Vaikka "Runot" ja "Kirjat" sisältävät joitakin puutteita, mutta kolme sukupolvea ovat yli 700 vuotta vanhaa. .Heidän erinomaisuutta on nähty myöhemmissä sukupolvissa, vain kuusi tai seitsemän monarkia. Woohoo, se on harvinaista!

LiuWenjing:Thisisaveryhuman,open-mindedlikeHenkel(LiuBang),ShenwuandWeiZu(CaoCao),althoughyoung,heisatalentedperson.

LiZhi:Firstwrestlethearmouronthebody,walkonthefrontofthesoldiers,andwearthehorsesweatonthearmyclothes,andthelicewillbebornwithlice.Flatteningthearea,KangJilives.Withinafewyears,NingYanhasbeenaroundtheworld.FangbegantogivecredittoGod,andimmediatelycontrolledthepeople.

WuJing: Taizongin aikakauden politisoituminen on melko hyvää. Muinaisista ajoista lähtien mitään ei ole tapahtunut.

JieriKing:ThereistheemperorofQinWang,whoislessandspiritual,andlongandpowerful.Theancestorsofthepreviousdynastiesfellapartattherateofmourning,thearmywasvying,andthemasseswerepoisoned,buttheemperorofQinhadalong-termvision,prosperedwithgreatcompassion,savedtheeconomyandcontainedknowledge,calmedthecountry,andtaughtthewind,theGermanyandthedistantharmony,theuniqueforeignland,andtheadmiration.Tobecalledaminister,andtogivebirthtotheholymanandtheHeqiPavilion,XianSong"QinKingBreakingtheFormationMusic".WenQiYaSong,YuZiforalongtime.

DuFu: HuanghuangTaizongin teollisuus, perustettu erittäin suurenmoinen.

BaiJuyi: Nämä pyhät ovat tehneet paljon työtä!

ZhouShizongandChaiRong:EmperorTaizongofthepastTangruledtheworld,andhecouldnothelphimself.HowdareIstealpeace!

OuyangXiu:ShengZai myös!Sui-dynastian kapinan lisäksi verrattuna Tangiin ja Wuhun;Zhizhin kauneus on muutama prosentti ja terve.

FanZuyu:Ihmisten käsissä hallitsevat tapaa, kuka ei voi olla Taizong? Sen menestyspalasi seuraavaan, mikä oli enemmän kuin aikaisemmat hallitsijat.

SimaGuang: Taizongin kirjallisuus- ja taistelutaiteen lahjakkuus on korkeampi kuin menneisyys. Kolmen sukupolven paluun jälkeen Kiinan vaurautta ei ole vielä ollut olemassa.

SuShi:YuguanHanGaozuandGuangwu,ja TangTaizong,ja taizukeisarini,neljä hallitsijaa, jotka voivat kaatua yhden vuoden aikana ei-homisidalonien takia. Muut tappavat enemmän ihmisiä ja maailma parantaa kaaoksen."

SuChe:ThewisemanofEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,sincetheWesternHanDynasty,hasbeenonlyoneperson.Renxiancanenablehimtobeabletocomparetherelativeswithothers.Heisfrugalandfrugal.Measures.Sincethreegenerationsandbelow,thereisnocomparison.

ZengGong:Thejourneyoflaw,theprosperityofritualsandmusic,thesystemofTianChou,theteachingofdetailedorder,theproposedkingisnotprepared;Inbetween,thebattlemustbewon,theattackmustbetaken,theworlddoesnotthinkofmartialarts,ratherthanthepredecessoroftheking;thefourbarbariansareinferiortotheruler,andtheywillnotobey.p>

HeQufei:TheformerEmperorTaizongofTangusedthesageandmartialartstodeterminethetroubles,thekingoftheworld,andthepoweroftheworld.However,theso-calledconsolidatingpoweroftheworld,theonewholeftthechildrenandgrandchildren,willcoverthefuture.Therefore,ifthearmyisinthemansion,theguardisplacedintheguard,anditiscontrolledbythecustoms.Ifthesoldierisinthemansion,therewillbenointernalexclusivepower;iftheguardisintheguard,thesoldierwillhavenotroubleoutside.,Aretheinvadersofthefourbarbarians:breaktheTurks,barbariansandturbulentpeople,levelGaochang,exterminateYanqi,allcapturetheirkings,anddrivetheLiaozuotodestroythecountry.Anyonewhodoesnotusemilitaryforce,theyareallestablished.Powerandconsolidatethepoweroftheworld.

ChengQi:"TaiZonghasbeenholdinghisarmyforfiveyears,settingthecountryintheworld,andleadingtheworldintherealmofRenshouandwealthy.Healsoregardsthetalentsoftheworldastheworld'saffair.RenYuQiuyu,startingfromestrangement,entrustingthegovernmenttothegovernment,takingtheresponsibilitytothemerits,admonishmentwithoutfail,andseekingnothingwithoutgain.Moreover,thetalentofTaizongisfarbeyondthereachoftheworld.However,ifyoudon'tusethistoarrogatetheworld,youwilloftenfeelinadequate,soitcanbethefoundationforthousandsofyears."

LuZuqian: Tuolloin Theule ei ollut vain Zhenguan, vaikka se yhdistettiin Yaon ja Shunin kanssa.

TrueDexiu:ThefuturegenerationsarebetterthanTangTaizongandZhenguan.Thescalemustnotbelost.

FanCheng: "Et voi syntyäZhenguanissa, maissi laskee rahaa ilman sotilaita!"

HuYin: "HanDynastian kukoistusaikana Taizong oli tavoitettavissa. Yu, Tang, Wen ja Wu:n teollisuudella et odota sitä!"

LuJiuyuan:"Keisari Taizon on rikas maailmassa, on keisarin poika, ja kaikki hänen saavutuksensa ovat hänen itsensä tekemä.

GuoSizhen:"Theruleofthetwoemperorsandthreekingsisbeyondthereachoffuturegenerations.Thewayofobediencetoothersisallaboutbenevolenceandrighteousness."EmperorTaizongoftheTangdynastyusedhisheroicresourcestodefeattheenemyasifheweredecimated,andhisdirectionisinexhaustible...Theruleoftwoemperorsandthreekings,especiallyfortheears."

Tšingiskhan: "Niiden, jotka haluavat rauhaa ja vakautta, täytyy tuntea sodan TangZongart."

WuCheng:"Afterthreegenerations,onlytheHanandTanghaveenjoyedthecountry,andtheTangcanbecalledthethreemonarchs."EmperorTaizongwenwasalsoanentrepreneurialandwell-successfulbusiness,receivingadviceandseekinggovernanceandinvigoratingtirelessly.ItseffectwasasfarasMisanqian,andforeignhouseholdswerenotclosed.Therefore,theprosperityofZhenguanwasbeyondthereachofKaiyuanYuanhe,andTaizongZhuoranwasTangSan.Zongzhiguan."

GeZhi:"Asfortheprinceoflatergenerations,thereisnootherwaytospeakandread,todiscusstheform,admireandimitateYan.Theaffairsofthehusband,thetwoemperorsandthethreekingsarestillverygood,andthesagesofthetwoHandynastiesaresixorseven,andthegovernmentofHeZhenguanisuniqueamongtheeyesandears?""ThehusbandTaizong'swayofself-cultivationwithrighteousheart,theQifamily'sMinglunFang,istrulyashamedofthetwoemperorsandthreekings.However,hebendshimselfandacceptsadvice,appointstalentsandenablesthem,isfrugalandfrugal,generousandlovesthepeople,andithasbeenthreegenerations,andthereisnoone.Thelatterwillchoosethegoodonesandfollowthem,andthebadoneswillchangethem.Wouldn'titbebeneficial?""YuwasintroublewiththesolidstateandtheNing,Tangandthetime,ShenKewasfinallyintrouble.Taizongwasbothentrepreneurialandsuccessful.Hewasnotcomplacentwithwhathecould,butfearedwhathecouldnot.TheruleofZhenguanwasalsotrue.!"

ZhuYuanzhang: "Ainoastaan ​​Tang-dynastian keisarin Taizonilla, sankarillisella ja sankarillisella, Wuding-kvartetilla, Zhenguanin herulilla, Shizhaowendella... kaikilla on kuninkaan hyve ja ikuisen rauhan ansio."

ZhuDi:"IftheEmperorWenoftheTangDynastyadvocatedjusticeandpeace,andsettheworldinone."Bowingandslammingthearmor,reachingtheHongtangandascendingtotheRuiji.Histhoughtsarenottoobad,andhisthoughtsarenottoofaraway.Hewrotethetwelvearticlesof"DiFan"totrainhissons,sayingthatthewaytoexplainpoliticsisinit."InthepastTangTaizongsetoutchaosanyway,Zhenguanprosperousage,sinceancienttimes,seldomcommented,seekthereason,beloyaltothecountry,althoughhatredwillberewarded,ifyouareconceived,youwillbepunishableevenifyouareclose."

ZhuJianshen:"Afterthethreegenerations,thepowerofgovernancewasnotprosperousintheTang,andinthethreehundredyearsoftheTangDynasty,itwasnottheprosperousofZhenguan.""TheEmperorTaizongwasawisemonarchintheTangDynasty.Itisapitythatthosewhohavearightheartandcultivateoneselfareashamedofthewayoftwoemperorsandthreekings,butthetreatmentisnotpure."

WangZhijian:"Kolmen sukupolven jälkeen, kuten Wenin keisari, heistrulyankeisari kautta aikojen!"

ZhangDaling:"TheheroofthethreegenerationsorlessistheonlyonenamedHanGaozu,Guangwu,andTangTaizong,however,theageoftheGaozuuprisingwassixoreight,andGuangwuwasrevivedattheageofthirty-nine.TheyallgrewupinthefolkZhoucalendar.Theydidnotcomeoutoftheverticalcollapseoftheskirtexhibition.Holdtheshockingtalents,suchasTaizong.TaizonghasbeencomparedtoTangwusincetheKingofQin,andsincereachingthetopoftheworld,hehasbecomeagoodman.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesizeandthesizeoftheruthlessscholars?"

"CompilationofCommentariesontheHistoryoftheMingDynasty":"Therearethreegreatvirtuesoftheemperor:oneistobehumbleandtoacceptadvice,theotheristoknowpeopleandbegood,andthethirdistobefrugalandlovethepeople.YanZhealso...thebeautyofthesystemoflatergenerationscannotbeadded...tothemostsubtle,theprosperoustalentsoflatergenerationsarebeyondthereachof..."InthereignofEmperorTaizong,therewasavirtuousZaifuandavirtuousqueenoftheeldestgrandson.SinceChengkang,QinandHandynasties,itisbeyondreach.Atthetimeoftherealworld,hundredsofpeoplefromthefourbariansandtributeerswerecrying,cuttingtheirhair,cuttingtheirears,andbleedingtheground.ShiChensaid:‘SincetheQinandHandynasties,themeritsandmeritshavebeencombined.'"

AisinJueluo·XuanYe:"Iseeemperorsinancienttimes,suchasYuYu,thecapitalofTangYu,andEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,wholistenedtoadmonishment,andtheemperorsandministerswerelikefamily,fatherandson,andthefriendshipwasinharmony.Therefore,ChenShancanclosetheevilspirits,andeachwilldohisbesttoachievethebestgovernance."

ZengGuofan:"Sinceancienttimes,philosophersandphilosophershavebeenveryprinces,andtheyhavealwayswontheprosperouspeople."EmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,EmperorWenoftheTangDynasty,RenzongoftheSongDynasty,theancestoroftheYuanDynasty,andEmperorXiaozongoftheMingDynasty.Atthattimeallerectionsofdifferentmaterials,JunYanYuntun,compendiumofKunYao."

ReneGruset:"DuetothegreatachievementsofEmperorTaizongofTangDynasty,anunpredictableChina,aheroicandepicChina,andrewrittenthehistoryofcivilizationthathasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears."

MaoZedong:"LiShiminin armeijalla ei ole muinaisista ajoista ollut oikeutta, jota ZhuYuanzhang on seurannut."

ZhiJun:"TheHanandTangDynastiesarethemostgloriousandsplendidperiodsinthehistoryofournation.Taizongtookadvantageoftheworld,smashedthestorm,suppressedthebandits,repairedthegeneralgovernment,thenconqueredthesouthandthenorth,conqueredthefourdescents,commandedtheline,integratedtheSeaof​​Japanintheeast,exceededSiberiainthenorth,boundedbytheTigrisRiverinthewest,AntarcticIndiaandOceanContinent,nationalpowerItisprosperous,anditsurpassestheHanDynasty.Taizongchenghasneverbeenanationalherosinceancienttimes!"

LiuKeshu:"IftherewasnosuchoutstandingmilitaristandpoliticianasLiShimininChinesehistory,whatwouldtheChinesenationevolveto?"HundredsofyearsofchaosanddarknessinHuayi,thenationalrejuvenationofChengdaandthecreationofanewsituation,itsterritoryextendstotheeastofConglinginthewest,theIndochinaPeninsulainthesouth,theseatotheeast,andthedeserttothenorth.Theprosperityofthenationaleconomyandthepeople'slivelihood,thedevelopmentofacademicart,theclarificationofthesystemofdecree,thefusionandcreationofideologyandculture,sothattheJapanesepeoplecanbuildacountry,andtheEuropeanandWesterncountriesareyearningandadmiring.Itsgrandeurandperformanceareincomparable.Respectthedeedsandremembertheclassics,howcanweforgetLiShimin!"

NiuXianzhong:"TangTaizongisaverygreatfigureinthehistoryofourcountry.Hisliteraryandmartialarts,itgoeswithoutsaying,especiallythesuperhumangenius,andhecanlearnandaskquestions.ItcanbesaidthatItisthesaintofheaven.Fromthebook"AsktheRight",wecanexperiencethewisdomanddemeanorofthisgeniusemperor.Instrategicthinking,hispositionfarexceedsNapoleon."

BoYang:"EmperorLiShiminisoneofChina'smostoutstandingwisemonarchs.Heusedhishighwisdom,diligentlyandcarefullytogovernhisempire,andsooncreatedahundredandthirtyforChina.Thesecondgoldenageofyears."SincePanguopeneduptheworld,EmperorLiShiminwasthefirstChineseemperortobetrulypraisedandworshippedbytheChinese,becauseofhismeritoriousdeedsandhisownvirtues.Hiswordsanddeedsingoverningthecountrybecamethenormforallemperorsinthefuture."

ZhangXutong:"ThereareonlytwodynastiesintheentireChinesehistory,namely,theHanDynastyandtheTangDynasty,whichfollowedTaoistphilosophy.Thesetwoempireswerethehealthiest,luckiest,andmostadvancednationsofallearthcivilizationsatthattime.Theprisonisempty,noonepicksupthevaluablesleftonthestreet,andallcitizensarefullofconfidence.Thisisbecausethegovernmentsofthesetwodynastiesreachedthelevelofritualandjusticegovernment.HistorianscallthesetwodynastiesthegoldenageofChina."

LiAo:"Tang Taizon on sankari, jolla on historian "eksoottisin" temperamentti.Maailman poliittisessa taistelussa hänellä on tietysti samat salausmenetelmät kuin ihmisillä, mutta näiden poliittisten 'vulgaaristen tunteiden' lisäksi hänellä on monta'värillistä'yleisyyttä. ."

"CambridgeHistoryoftheSuiandTangDynastiesofChina":"ForlaterChineseliterati,Taizongrepresentedaprosperouseraofidealcombinationofcivilandmartialarts:thecountrywasgovernedbyanenergeticbutintelligentandprudentemperor.Hehasafirmgraspofhisempire,andatthesametimehasalwaysmodestlyandpatientlylistenedtotheopinionsoftheministers,whoarethemselvesoutstandingfigures.Taizong'sstyleofgovernancewasadmirednotonlybecauseofitsachievements,butalsobecauseitwasclosetotheConfucianidealofacceptingadviceandlovingthepeopleasthefoundationofgoverningthecountry,andalsobecauseitrepresentedtheharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheemperorandtheminister."

"GeneralHistoryofChina":TangTaizongLiShimin'sliteraryandmartialartshasbeentalkedaboutsinceancienttimesandpraised.TheacademiccircleshavecontributedtohismajestyandhisgreatcontributionstoChinesehistory.Givepositiveaffirmation.LiShiminisanaccomplishedpoliticianandmilitarystrategist.HeplayedaleadingroleinthestruggleagainsttheSuiJianTang.ThevictoryofEmperorTaizong’sXuanwuGatechangeobjectivelycontributedtothesocialandhistoricaldevelopmentoftheearlyTangDynasty.Activerole.TangTaizongdidnotdiscriminateagainstethnicminorities.InadditiontoharassingTurksandusingtroops,hemainlyusedgentlepoliticalmethodstodealwithethnicissues.Themethodswereproperandthepolicieswereopen-minded,whichwasconducivetoethnicunityandnationalunity.

(UnitedStates)Fitzgerald:Taizongseemstobelikeamanofdestiny.Itseemsthatnothingisimpossibleforhim.Heisthesaviorofsocietyandtherestorerofunityandpeace.HisThepersonalityissostrongandpowerful,hehasinfluencedallthepeoplewhohavebeenwithhim,andhasbecomealegendintheeyesoffuturegenerations.AmongtheemperorsofChina,noonecancompareit.

Anekdootteja Siksi

Syntymäilmiö

Vanhan TangBookin TaizongBenjin mukaan, kun LiShimin syntyi, hänen talonsa ulkopuolella leikkii kaksi lohikäärmettä, ja he pakenivat kolmen päivän kuluttua.

济世安民

据《新旧唐书》的太宗本纪记载，李世民四岁的时候，有个书生自称善于看相，晋见李渊道：“您是贵人，而且有贵子。”见到李世民道：“龙凤的姿质，日月的仪表，到二十岁，必定能济世安民。”李渊害怕书生的言语泄露，便要杀他，结果书生忽然不见了，因而以为他是神仙，就采纳“济世安民”之义来作为李世民的名字。

玄武门之变

太原起兵是李世民的谋略，李渊曾答应他事成之后立他为太子，但李渊建立唐朝后，立李建成为太子。天下平定后，李世民功名日盛，李建成随即联合李元吉，排挤李世民。李渊的优柔寡断，也使朝中政令相互冲突，加速了诸子的兵戎相见。

长兄皇太子李建成知道李世民终不肯屈为人臣，而李世民也认为是自己奠下唐朝开国的基业，遂与李建成、四弟齐王李元吉猜忌日深，两派大臣之间互相倾轧。李建成曾经下毒谋害李世民。其中宰相裴寂、谋士王珪、魏徵、东宫卫士将领薛万彻等追随李建成、李元吉。秦府谋士杜如晦、房玄龄，将领秦叔宝、尉迟敬德、段志玄、侯君集、王君廓等跟从李世民。宰相陈叔达、朝臣长孙无忌等暗中支援李世民。其余将领李靖、徐世勣，大臣宇文士及等保持中立。

武德九年（626年），突厥侵犯唐边境，李建成向李渊建议，由李元吉做统帅出征突厥。在太子的东宫中担任率更丞（主管计时的官员）职位的王晊，已被秦王李世民收买，成为李世民在东宫的眼线，他悄悄告诉李世民：“李建成想借此控制秦王的兵马，并准备在昆明池设伏兵杀秦王。”于是李世民决定先发制人。

武德九年六月初四庚申日（626年7月2日），李世民在帝都长安城宫城玄武门附近射杀皇太子李建成、齐王李元吉，史称“玄武门之变”。事后，李世民杀李建成、李元吉诸子，并将他们从宗籍中除名。

箭术无双

史书记载，李世民年轻时力大无比，随身兵器中，最有名的是一张两米长的巨阙天弓。

李世民有次与敌对战前，仅率领一名骑兵一起充当侦查工作。途经一处草原高地，因为太累与士兵一起睡着，被敌人发现，本来意欲围杀李世民。此时突然有一条蛇追老鼠，奔到骑兵脸上，惊醒骑兵，才发现身边都是敌人，于是李世民与骑兵上马逃亡，李世民本人左右开弓，百发百中，终于逃出追击。

虎牢关之战时，李世民对尉迟恭说：“我拿着弓箭，你手持马槊相随，即使有百万大军又奈我如何！”足见他对自己箭术的自信。

李世民继位前曾任天策上将，设天策府。李世民继位后在苑囿内狩猎，有一群野猪奔了出来。李世民四箭射杀了四只，但还是有一头雄壮的公野猪冲到近前。吏部尚书唐俭慌忙下马，与之搏斗。李世民拔剑砍死野猪，笑着对唐俭说，“天策长史，不见上将击贼耶？何惧之甚！”原来唐俭曾任天策府长史。唐俭当即回答道：“汉祖以马上得之，不以马上理之。陛下以神武定四方，岂复逞雄心于一兽！”李世民觉得唐俭说得有理，于是停止了狩猎。

小鸟依人

褚遂良是唐朝著名书法家，他的书法博采众长，变化多姿，自成一家。因为精通书法，被魏徵推荐给唐太宗，并受到太宗的赏识。

唐太宗任命褚遂良担任起居郎一职，专门记载皇帝的言行起居。有一次，唐太宗问褚遂良：“你每天记载我的言行起居，我可以看看吗？”褚遂良回答说：“如今设立起居郎的职务，如同古代的史官，善行恶行都要记录在案，以督促皇帝不犯错。我从未听说皇帝本人要看这些内容的。”唐太宗又问道：“如果我有不好的言论、行为，你也要记下来吗？”褚遂良回答说：这是我的职责所在，您的一言一行，我都要记下来。”

不久之后，唐太宗对长孙无忌说：“我今天要当面评论你们的功过得失，引以为鉴，使你们警惕。说者没有过错，听者自己改过。”说完他就看着长孙无忌说：“你善于避嫌、随机应变，但是领兵打仗不是你的长项。高士廉博览群书，悟性很高，临危受难不变节，做官也不拉帮结派，但是缺少直谏的勇气。”唐太宗将朝中大臣评论一番，最后说到了褚遂良。唐太宗说”褚遂良在学问方面大有长进，性格很刚直，对朝廷忠心，对我很有感情，平时一副飞鸟依人的模样，我很是怜爱他啊！”

一代楷模

李靖觉得自己在朝廷任官多年，功劳不小，受到的封赏也不少，应该急流勇退，早点解甲归田，免生后患。所以趁唐太宗派他去访察民俗的机会，说自己的脚有毛病，奏请退休归家。唐太宗见他的奏书写得十分恳切，便答应了他的请求，并派中书侍郎牟岑少去传他的旨意说：“我看自古以来，身居富贵而能知足的非常少，不论是愚人还是智者，都莫能自知。有些人没有什么才能，却硬是要占据官职；就是有了病。也勉强留着不肯辞官，李靖能识大体，实在可嘉。我如今批准你的请求，不仅是成全你的志向，还想把你作为一个时代的模范人物。”

人际关系

家世

①父族直系血亲

高祖：李天赐

曾祖：李虎，西魏陇西襄公，追尊唐太祖

曾祖母：梁氏，追尊景烈皇后

祖父：李昞，北周唐仁公，追尊唐世祖

祖母：独孤氏，北周大司马独孤信第四女，追尊元贞皇后

父亲：李渊，唐高祖

②母族直系血亲

亲母（嫡母）：窦氏，追尊太穆皇后，即唐高祖李渊皇后

外祖父：窦毅，北周神武郡公（肃公）。

外祖母：宇文氏，北周襄阳长公主（其父：宇文泰，西魏安定郡公（文公），追尊北周文帝）

外曾祖父：窦岳

兄弟姐妹

兄弟：李建成、李玄霸、李元吉、李智云、李元景、李元昌、李元亨、李元方、李元礼、李元嘉、李元则、李元懿、李元轨、李凤、李元庆、李元裕、李元名、李灵夔、李元祥、李元晓、李元婴。

姐妹：长沙公主、襄阳公主、平阳公主、高密公主、长广公主、房陵公主、九江公主、庐陵公主、南昌公主、安平公主、淮南公主李澄霞、真定公主、衡阳公主、丹阳公主、临海公主、馆陶公主、安定公主、常乐公主。

后妃

皇后

长孙皇后，小字观音婢，名不见载。隋右骁卫将军晟之女。八岁丧父，由舅父高士廉抚养，13岁嫁李世民。武德元年册封秦王妃。武德末年竭力争取李渊后宫对李世民的支持，玄武门之变当天亲自勉慰诸将士。武德九年（公元626年）六月，被册封为皇太子妃。李世民即位13天即册封为皇后。在后位时，善于借古喻今，匡正李世民为政的失误，并保护忠正得力的大臣。先后为皇帝诞下三子四女。贞观十年崩。谥号文德皇后。上元元年，加谥号为文德顺圣皇后。李世民誉之为“嘉偶”“良佐”并筑层观望陵怀念。尝著有《女则》三十卷，尚有翰墨存世，今均佚。仅存《春游曲》一首。幼子即唐高宗。

妃嫔

子女

儿子

太子李承乾：母长孙皇后，贞观十七年谋反按律应赐死，因太宗不舍，最后只废为了庶人，后卒于黔州

楚王李宽：母不详，出继给叔父楚哀王李智云，早薨，无后

吴王李恪：母隋炀帝女杨妃

魏王李泰：母长孙皇后，争夺皇位被贬后，又重新进封为濮王。永徽三年，逝于郧乡县

齐王李佑：母阴妃，贞观十七年发动叛乱。事败，赐死于内省，贬为庶人，国除

蜀王李愔：母隋炀帝女杨妃，后被废为庶人，死于流配巴州

蒋王李恽：母王氏，妃元氏。诬告谋反，惶惧自杀

越王李贞：母燕德妃。参与韩王李元嘉、鲁王李灵夔、霍王李元轨反武则天失败，服毒自尽

唐高宗李治：母长孙皇后

纪王李慎：母韦贵妃，妃陆氏

江殇王李嚣：母燕德妃，贞观六年薨

代王李简：母不详，贞观五年薨，无后，国除

赵王李福：母杨贵妃，贵妃之位是否为追封待考，妃宇文氏

曹王李明：母巢刺王妃，妃元氏。永淳年间，因为和废太子李贤通谋，降封零陵王，贬至黔州。都督谢佑逼李明自杀。玄武门之变后，巢刺王妃居于宫内抚养李元吉庶女归仁县主。归仁县主生母去世，太宗亲写诏令安慰县主。

女儿

襄城公主：母不明，下嫁萧锐，永徽二年薨，陪葬昭陵

汝南公主：第三女，母不明，早亡

南平公主：母不明，先嫁王敬直，王敬直获罪流放岭南，改嫁刘玄意，陪葬昭陵

遂安公主：母不明，下嫁窦逵。逵死，又嫁王大礼，陪葬昭陵

长乐公主：名丽质，母长孙皇后，下嫁长孙冲，贞观十七年薨，陪葬昭陵

豫章公主：母下嫔，长孙皇后养，下嫁唐义识，陪葬昭陵

巴陵公主：母不明，下嫁柴令武，因“房遗爱谋反案”，永徽四年赐死，显庆中追赠比景（北景）公主，立庙于墓

普安公主：母不明，下嫁史仁表，陪葬昭陵

东阳公主：母不明，下嫁高履行

临川公主：第十二女，字孟姜，母韦贵妃，下嫁周道务，永淳元年薨，陪葬昭陵

清河公主：李敬，字德贤，母不明，下嫁程怀亮，薨麟德元年，陪葬昭陵

兰陵公主：李淑，字丽贞，母不明，下嫁窦怀悊，卒年不晚于显庆四年；墓志为第十九女，与新唐书不符，陪葬昭陵

晋安公主：母不明，下嫁韦思安，又嫁杨仁辂，陪葬昭陵

安康公主：母不明，下嫁独孤谋，陪葬昭陵

新兴公主：母不明，下嫁长孙曦，陪葬昭陵

城阳公主：母长孙皇后，下嫁杜荷，坐太子承乾事诛，又嫁薛瓘，咸亨二年薨，陪葬昭陵

高阳公主：母不明，下嫁房遗爱，因“房遗爱谋反案”，永徽四年赐死，显庆中追赠合浦公主

金山公主：母不明，早亡

晋阳公主：字明达，小字兕子，母长孙皇后，皇后病逝后，由太宗亲自抚养，惜十二岁早亡。

常山公主：母不明，未及下嫁，薨显庆时

新城公主：母长孙皇后，初封衡山公主，下嫁长孙诠，长孙诠显庆四年获罪流放巂州，改嫁韦正矩，龙朔三年暴亡，陪葬昭陵

主要作品

书法

李世民酷爱书法，其书法以隶书见长，并且酷爱书法名品《兰亭序》，亲自写《晋书·王羲之传赞》。

贞观十四年（640年），李世民将自己的真草书屏风以示群臣，笔力遒劲为一时之绝。尝谓朝臣曰：“书学小道，初非急务，时或留心，犹胜弃日。凡诸艺业未有学而不得者也，病在心力懈怠，不能专精耳。”又云：“吾临古人之书，殊不能学其形势，惟在其骨力。及得骨力，而形势自生耳。”

诗作

人物争议

出生年月

关于李世民的出生日期，主要由以下三种说法：

1、《贞观政要》记载：李世民的生日是十二月癸丑；《资治通鉴》记载：李世民的生日是十二月癸未。

2、据《旧唐书》记载：李世民卒年五十二岁，生于隋开皇十八年十二月戊午（599年1月23日）。

3、据《新唐书》李世民卒于贞观二十三年五月廿六己巳日（公元649年7月10日），年五十三岁，则李世民的出生年月为隋开皇十七年十二月戊午（598年1月28日）。

已故中国历史学家胡如雷经过考证认为：根据李世民同母弟李玄霸十六岁时死于大业十年，而倒推出李玄霸生于开皇十九年，所以若李世民生于开皇十八年十二月，则李玄霸最迟生于开皇十九年十二月，两兄弟生辰过近，不太可能。

修改实录

李世民曾多次向史官要求阅读记录皇帝的言行的《起居注》。初时褚遂良不许，后来他再要求房玄龄，房应允并与许敬宗将《起居注》删定为《高祖实录》、《今上实录》，于贞观十七年七月癸巳日献予太宗，但唐太宗终归未能得观《起居注》。

参读武德年间所著《大唐创业起居注》（不曾被官方修改），以及订正详实的《资治通鉴考异》（同时记录了《实录》、野史、物证等考据》），再考查《旧唐书》等（以《实录》为蓝本）相关记载，不同之处仅存于三个方面：其一，太原起兵的发起人是谁；二是，隐太子李建成在攻取长安时的战功；再有，李渊宫闱禁中的是否检点。而上述三个方面皆以“玄武门之变”为中心而展开，其余初唐历史事件，各史料中所载（包括不受官方干预的稗官野史）竟保持高度一致。由此可知，除“玄武门之变”外，其它的初唐历史事件并无唐太宗参与删改杜撰的可能。

因此，历来学者都将目光聚焦于“玄武门之变”，史书也记载李世民对“玄武门之变”的关注，要“削去浮，要求直书其事”。史家对此有不同看法：一些学者认为李世民此举使自己亲杀兄弟的事实在史书中保留了下来，如王夫之从道德的角度批判李世民，认为直书其事是不知羞耻，“至于自敕直书，而太宗不可复列于人类矣”；一些史学家则认为，直书其事其实是唐太宗公然指使臣下在“玄武门事变”的相关记载中美化自己；但更多的学者，能够在“民为重、社稷次之、君为轻”的观点下，坦然的接受认可这次皇家宫廷政变和太宗之举。

去世原因

李世民年轻时正遇到隋末严重大乱，李世民亲自指挥、参与了多次决定性的大战，结束了隋末严重大乱，但是对李世民的身体、精神消耗很大，年轻时可能还看不出来，但是到了50岁左右就表现出来，导致李世民重病。在吃其他药没有效果的情况下，才吃丹药，《旧唐书·天竺传》《旧唐书·郝处俊传》记载唐太宗吃丹药都是没有任何效果，“服竟不效”，“竟无异效”，既没有好的效果、也没有坏的效果。李世民是病死的，并不是死于吃丹药。

贞观二十二年（公元648年），王玄策大败中天竺帝那伏帝国，王玄策带回的众多俘虏中有一个方士那罗迩婆婆寐，自称有两百岁，有长生之术。唐太宗命令其造丹药。但是根据《资治通鉴》的记载，方士那罗迩娑婆寐根本就没有造出药，“”药竟不就”。唐太宗没有吃方士那罗迩婆婆寐的丹药。

而李蕃说唐太宗死于吃丹药，并不可信。李蕃是太宗死后百年的人，情况比郝处俊还糟糕，李蕃完全不了解唐太宗的死因。而唐太宗的近亲、近侍、近臣这些了解情况的人是没有认为太宗因为丹药死亡的。

李蕃、郝处俊都是作为谏官劝谏皇帝远离丹药的，有其特殊立场、特殊目的，本身可信度就要大打折扣。唐朝没有文字狱。魏征说过进谏近乎诽谤也是值得原谅的，因为言辞激烈才能引起别人注意，唐高宗说进谏的人说的是假的也无罪，“其变苟实，言之者何罪？其事必虚，闻之者足以自戒……此不足以加罪”。所以李蕃所谓的胡僧的丹药导致唐太宗死亡，并不可信。而且，根据《资治通鉴》记载，胡僧那罗迩娑婆寐根本就没有造出丹药，没有造出任何药。而郝处俊说的是唐太宗吃了丹药没有任何效果，没有说丹药促死，没有说丹药导致唐太宗死亡。

旧唐书里李蕃、郝处俊这两个人的说法本身矛盾。另外新旧唐书还记载了多年服食丹药而身体状况良好的人。

后世纪念

_{主词条：唐昭陵}

昭陵(3张)

陵园及陪葬墓区南北长12.65公里，东西长15.45公里，占地面积113.15平方公里。陵园建筑遗址主要分布在九嵕山南北两面。在陵山北侧500米处，保留有唐至明清时期的部分建筑遗址，主要有山门、北阙门、原来置放昭陵六骏及十四国君长像的叠落廊、山门东西两边墙垣遗迹等。现存石刻包括十四国君长石刻像部分残石基座、20余通历代“御制祝文”碑，以及今人复制的昭陵六骏浮雕石屏。在遗址的北端矗立有清代陕西巡抚毕沅所书“唐太宗昭陵”碑。山陵四周计有陵园建筑群3处，即北司马门、南司马门、寝宫遗址。

昭陵是唐太宗李世民的陵墓，位于咸阳市礼泉县九嵕山，是关中“唐十八陵”中规模最大的一座。陵墓依山而建，开创了唐代帝王陵寝依山为陵的先例。陵前的陪葬墓群为扇形，大概有200多座，其中有初唐诸王、公主的墓葬，以及魏徵、李靖、李勣、房玄龄、尉迟恭等功臣陪葬墓。昭陵是全国重点文物保护单位。

史料索引

《旧唐书·太宗本纪》

《新唐书·太宗本纪》

《资治通鉴·唐纪》

艺术形象

文学形象

• 《大唐秦王词话》明朝·诸圣邻著，又名《唐秦王本传》、《唐传演义》、《秦王演义》《西游记》

• 《说唐》

• 《隋唐演义》

• 《唐史演义》

• 《兴唐传》

• 《大唐双龙传》

影视形象