Optinen kaapeli

Historicalevolution

In1976,theBellInstituteoftheUnitedStatesbuiltthefirstopticalfibercommunicationexperimentalsysteminAtlanta,usinganopticalcablecontaining144opticalfibersmanufacturedbyWesternElectric.In1980,commercialopticalcablesmadeofmultimodeopticalfibersbegantobeusedoninter-officetrunklinesandafewlong-distancelinesinthecity.Commercialopticalcablesmadeofsingle-modeopticalfibersbegantobeusedonlong-distancelinesin1983.In1988,thefirsttrans-AtlanticsubmarinecableconnectingtheUnitedStatesandBritainandFrancewassuccessfullylaid,andsoonthefirsttrans-Pacificsubmarinecablewasbuilt.Chinadevelopeditsowncommunicationopticalcablein1978,whichusedmulti-modeopticalfiberwithastrandedcorestructure.FieldtestshavebeencarriedoutsuccessivelyinShanghai,Beijing,Wuhanandotherplaces.Soonafter,itwastriedoutasaninter-officetrunkinthelocaltelephonenetwork.After1984,itwasgraduallyusedforlong-distancelines,andsingle-modefiberwasadopted.Communicationopticalcableshavegreatertransmissioncapacitythancoppercables,withlongrelaysections,smallsize,lightweight,andnoelectromagneticinterference.Since1976,theyhavedevelopedlong-distancetrunklines,intra-cityrelays,offshoreandtransoceanicsubmarinecommunications.,Aswellasthebackboneofwiredtransmissionlinessuchaslocalareanetworksandprivatenetworks,andbegantodevelopintothefieldofuserloopdistributionnetworksinthecity,providingtransmissionlinesforfiber-to-the-homeandbroadbandintegratedservicedigitalnetworks.

Perusrakenne

Optinen kaapeli koostuu kaapelisydämästä, vahvistetusta teräslangasta, täytteestä ja vaipasta. Lisäksi vaadittaessa on vedenpitävä kerros, puskurikerros, eristetty metallilanka jne.

Optinen kaapeli koostuu kolmesta osasta:vahvistava ydin,kaapelisydäminen,tuhka jaulkovaippa.Kaapelin ydinrakenteessa on kaksi tyyppiä:yksijohtiminen ja moniytiminen:yksijohtiminen, sisältää kaksi tyyppiä:substantialtypeandtubebundletype;multi-typesthe-ribhasttype. metallipanssari ja ei-panssari.

Peruscommonsense

Peruscommonsense, joka on otettu käyttöön läpilaskemisen, tyypin, rakenteen, varotoimien ja optisen kuidun rajan avulla. Tietty sisältö on seuraava:

一,Laying

1.Yleiset määräykset

1.1Thebendingradiusoftheopticalcableshouldnotbelessthan15timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable,anditshouldnotbelessthan20timesduringtheconstructionprocess.

1.2Thetractionforceoflayingouttheopticalcableshouldnotexceed80%oftheallowabletensionoftheopticalcable.Theinstantaneousmaximumtractionforceshallnotexceed100%oftheallowabletensionoftheopticalcable.Themaintractionshouldbeaddedtothestrengthmember(core)oftheopticalcable.

1.3Thetractionendoftheopticalcablecanbeprefabricatedormadeonsite.Directlyburiedorunderwaterarmoredopticalcablecanbeusedasanetsleeveortractionend.

1.4Inordertopreventtwistinganddamagetotheopticalcableduringthetowingprocess,aswivelshouldbeaddedbetweenthetowingendandthetowingrope.

1.5Whenlayingouttheopticalcable,theopticalcablemustbereleasedfromthetopofthecablereelandmaintainaslackarc.Thereshouldbenotwistingduringthelayingoftheopticalcable,anditisstrictlyforbiddentomakesmallloopsandsurges.

1.6Whenmechanicaltractionisusedforfiberopticcablelaying,centralizedtraction,intermediateauxiliarytractionordecentralizedtractionshouldbeselectedaccordingtofactorssuchastractionlength,terrainconditions,andtractiontension.

1.7Thetractorusedformechanicaltractionshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1) Vetovoiman säätöalueen tulisi olla 0–20 m/min, ja päänsäätömenetelmien tulisi olla portaaton nopeudensäätö;

2)Thetractiontensioncanbeadjusted,andithasanautomaticstopfunction,thatis,whenthetractionforceexceedsthespecifiedvalue,itcanautomaticallysendanalarmandstopthetraction.

1.8Layingoutopticalcablesmustbecloselyorganizedanddirectedbyadedicatedperson.Thereshouldbegoodcommunicationmeansduringthetowingprocess.Itisforbiddenforuntrainedpersonneltogotoworkandworkwithoutcontacttools.

1.9Aftertheopticalcableislaidout,checkwhethertheopticalfiberisingoodcondition.Theendoftheopticalcableshallbesealedandmoisture-proof,andshallnotbeimmersedinwater.

2.Kaapeli

2.1Thefollowingpreparationsshouldbemadebeforelayingtheductopticalcable

1)Checkthepositionofthepipeholeoccupiedbytheopticalcableaccordingtothedesign;

2)Thepositionoftheholesselectedonthesamerouteshouldnotbechanged.Forexample,whenchangingorturning,theyshouldmeettherequirementsofthebendingradiusoftheopticalcable;

3)Käytetyt reiät on puhdistettava.

2.2Eachentryholeshouldbeguardedwhenmanuallylayingtheopticalcable;whenturningtheentryholewhenmechanicallylayingtheopticalcable,thereshouldbesomeoneonduty.

2.3Whentheopticalcablepenetratesintothepipeholeorthepipeisbentorcrossed,aguidingdeviceorabellmouthprotectionpipeshallbeused,andtheouterprotectivelayeroftheopticalcableshallnotbedamaged.Aneutrallubricantcanbeappliedaroundthefiberopticcableasrequired.

2.4Thelengthofopticalfibercableisgenerallynotmorethan1000metersatatime.Whenthelengthistoolong,itshouldadopt8-charactersegmenttractionoraddauxiliarytractioninthemiddle.

2.5Afterthefiberopticcableislaidout,adedicatedpersonshallbeinchargeofuniformlyplacingthefiberopticcableontheprescribedpalletonebyoneintotheholes,andapropermarginshouldbelefttoavoidthefiberopticcablefrombeingtootight.

2.6Thereservedlengthoftheopticalcableattheentryholewheretheconnectorislocatedshouldmeettherequirementsinthetable;theopticalcablewithaspecialdesignrequirementistootight.

2.7Theprotectionmeasuresofthepipelineopticalcableshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Theopticalcableintheholecanbeprotectedbyaserpentinehose(orsoftplastictube)andtiedtothecabletrayOntheboardoraccordingtothemeasuresrequiredbythedesign;

2)Suuttimien tulisi olla tukossa;

3)Rei'issä olevalla optisella kaapelilla tulee olla tunnistusmerkit;

4)Inseverecoldareas,anti-freezingmeasuresshouldbetakenaccordingtodesignrequirementstopreventdamagetoopticalcables.

2.8Thelayingmethodofplasticsub-pipesisbasicallythesameasthelayingofopticalcables,andshouldalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Kun asennetaan kaksi alle värikooditonta alaputkea, merkit tulisi tehdä lopussa;

2)Muoviputkien asennuksen ympäristön lämpötilan tulee olla -5 ℃ ja +35 ℃ välillä;

3) Jatkuva muovin asettaminen osaputkien pituus ei saa ylittää 300 metriä;

4)Themaximumpullingforceofthesub-pipeshouldnotexceedthetensilestrengthofthepipe,andthepullingspeedshouldbeuniform;

5)Theexcesslengthofthepipeintheinletholeshouldmeetthedesignrequirements;

6)Muoviputken tulppa (myöskäytettävät muut menetelmät) tulee asentaa muoviputken reikään osaputken kiinnittämiseksi;

7) Osaputkissa ei saa olla liitoksia putkilinjan keskiosassa;

8)Jälkeen osaputket on asetettu, suuttimien tulisi olla tilapäisesti tukossa;projektiin lisättyjen osaputkien on oltava tukossa (korkki).

3.Suoraan haudattu optinen kaapeli

3.1Optisen kaapelin haudatun syvyyden tulee täyttää taulukon 3.1 vaatimukset.

Muvausosiotaimaaperänlaatu

Haudattu syvyys (m)

Huomautuksia:

Tavallinen maaperä (kovamaa)≥1.2

Puolilittinen (soramaa, sääntynyt kivi)≥1,0

Allstone≥0,8

Calculatedfromthetopofthetrenchbottomwith10cmoffinesoil.

Pikaja≥0,8

Esikaupungit, kylät ja kaupungit≥1.2

Urbansidewalks≥1.0

Risteysrautatiet, moottoritiet≥1.2

Etäisyys maapallon pohjastamortienpinnasta

Oja, kanava, lampi≥1.2

Maatalousmaan kuivattu oja (ojanleveys 1 metrin sisällä) ≥0,8

3.2Thedistancebetweenthedirectlyburiedopticalcableandotherbuildingsandundergroundpipelinesshallmeetthespecifiedrequirements.

3.3Opticalcableslaidinthesametrenchshouldnotbecrossedoroverlapped,andshouldbehauledseparatelyandlaidoutatthesametime.

3.4Thelayingofdirectlyburiedopticalcablesshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thedepthoftheopticalcabletrenchshouldmeettherequirements,andthebottomofthetrenchshouldbeflatandfreeofgravel;stone,semi-lithictrenchbottom10cmthickfinesoilorsandshouldbelaid;

2)Mekaanisesti hinattaessa on käytettävä maapyöriä;

3)Whenmanuallylifting,theopticalcableshouldnothaveacurvaturelessthanthespecifiedcurvatureRadiusbends,moppingoftheground,andexcessivetraction;

4)Optinen kaapeli on asetettava litteälle kaivan pohjalle, eikä sitä saa irrottaa tai kaarea;

5)Theopticalcablemustbelaidonaslopegreaterthan20°,whentheslopelengthisgreaterthan30metersontheslope,itisadvisabletoadoptthe"S"shapelayingorthemeasuresrequiredbythedesign;

6)Duringorafterlaying,theopticalcableshouldbecheckedintimeIftheouterskinisdamaged,itshouldberepairedimmediately;afterlayingthedirectlyburiedopticalcable,checktheinsulationresistanceoftheopticalcablesheathtotheground.

7)Theopticalfibersandcopperwiresintheopticalcablemustbeinspectedandconfirmedtomeetthequalityacceptancestandardsbeforetheycanbereturnedtothesoil.

3.5Thebackfilloftheopticalcabletrenchshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Ensimmäinen täyttö 15 cm:n paksuista murskattua maaperää tai hienoa maaperää, ja se on tiukasti kielletty kivien, tiilien, jäätyneen maaperän jne. yläpuolella.

2)Täyttömäärän tulisi olla 10 cm maanpinnan yläpuolella.

3.6Protectivemeasuresforburiedopticalcablesshallbedesignedaccordingtothedesignregulationsandmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Whenopticalcablelinescrossrailwaysandhighwayswithoutexcavation,thepipejackingmethodshallbeadopted.Thepipejackingshouldbekeptstraightandthesteelpipespecificationsandpositionshouldmeetthedesignrequirements.Thepositionwherethesoilisallowedtobreakcanbeprotectedbyburiedpipes,andthenozzleshouldbeblockedwhenthepipeisjackedorburied.

2)Whenopticalcablelinespassthroughmechanicalfarmingroads,ruralavenues,urbanareas,residentialareasoreasilymovablelandsections,theyshouldbeconstructedinaccordancewiththeprotectionmethodsrequiredbythedesign.Whenlayingredbricksontopoftheopticalcables,coverwith20cmthicksoilbeforelayingredbricksvertically.Forlayingtwoopticalcablesinthesametrench,redbricksshouldbelaidhorizontally.

3)Whentheopticalcablelinepassesthroughtheditch,canalorpondwithdredginganddredgingforfertilizer,thetopoftheopticalcableshouldbecoveredwithcementboardorcementsandbagforprotection.

4)Slopeprotectionshouldbeusedwhentheopticalcablepassesthroughtheditchandterraceof0.8metersormore(including0.8meters),andtheslopeprotectionmethodshouldbeinaccordancewiththedesignrequirements.Whencrossingditchandridgebelow0.8meters,exceptforspecialdesignrequirements,slopeprotectionisgenerallynotused,butitmustbetampedandrestoredinlayers.

5)Thefiberopticcablelinepassingthroughthetermiteactivityareashouldbetreatedwithanti-termitesinaccordancewiththeregulations.

6)Lightningprotectionmeasuresforopticalcablelinesmustbedealtwithinaccordancewithdesignregulations.Whenusinglightningprotectiondrainagelines,singleordoubledrainagelinesshouldbelaid30cmabovetheopticalcable;whentheopticalcableisdugoutforre-layingafterbackfilling,itisnecessarytostrictlycheckwhetherthedrainagelineisabovetheopticalcable.Reversalphenomenonisstrictlyprohibited.

7)Thelayingofthemarkingtapeinthespecialareashallmeetthedesignrequirements.

3.7Thereservedopticalcableatthejointpointshouldbeproperlyplacedinthejointpit,andtheendmustbesealedandmoisture-prooftopreventtheopticalcablefrombeingimmersedinwaterorartificiallydamaged.

3.8Theburyingofopticalcablelinemarkersshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Opticalcablejoints,opticalcableturningpoints,drainlinestartandendpoints,startandendpointsofopticalcableslaidinthesametrench,opticalcablesSpecialreservedpoints,crossingpointswithothercables,crossingobstacles,andstraightsectionsofurbanareasshallbesetatintervalsof200meters,suburbanareasandlongdistancesatintervalsof250meters.

2)Thejointpointsthatneedtomonitortheinsulationandpotentialofthemetalsheathintheopticalcableshouldbesetwithmonitoringmarkers.

3)Jos on merkki, jota voidaan käyttää, kiinteää merkkiä voidaan käyttää merkkikiven sijasta.

4)Theburieddepthofthemarkerstoneis60cmand40cmisunearthed.Thesoilaroundthemarkerstoneshouldbecompacted.

5)Ordinarymarkersshouldbeburieddirectlyabovetheopticalcable.Themarkingstoneatthejointshouldbeburiedintherouteoftheopticalcableline,andthesidewiththemarkingstoneshouldfacetheopticalcablejoint.Themarkingstoneattheturningpointshouldbeburiedattheintersectionoftheopticalcableline,andthemarkingstoneshallfacethesidewiththesmallerangleoftheopticalcable.Whenthedistancebetweentheopticalcableslaidalongthehighwayisnotmorethan100meters,themarkerscanfacethehighway.

6)Merkkikivet on tehty kovasta kivestä tai teräsbetonista, ja niitä on kaksi: lyhyitä merkkikiviä käytetään yleisillä alueilla, ja niiden koon tulisi olla 100 × 14 × 14 cm; pehmeän maaperän rinteessä käytetään pitkiä merkkikiviä, Tekniset tiedot on150 × 14 cm.

7)Thenumberofthemarkerstonesisred(orblack)lacqueredblocklettersonawhitebackground,thefontiscorrect,andthesurfaceistidy.ThenumbershouldbearrangedfromendAtoendBaccordingtothedirectionoftransmission.Generally,ahopisanindependentnumberingunit.

4.Vedenalainen optinen kaapeli

4.1Thelayingmethodofunderwateropticalcableshouldbebasedonthesoilqualityoftheriverbed,thewidthoftheriver,thewaterdepth,theflowvelocityandthesiteconditions.Differentmethodssuchasflushpumpgrooving,anchordroppingslowrelease,tugfastrelease,manualplacement,etc.,nomatterwhatconstructionmethodisused,shouldmeetthedesignrequirements.

4.2Theburieddepthoftheunderwateropticalcableshouldbebasedonthespecificconditionsoftheriver'swaterdepth,navigation,andriverbedsoilquality,asspecifiedinthedesigndocuments,andshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)InsufficientwaterdepthSectionof8meters(referringtothedryseason):whentheriverbedisunstableorthesoilissoft,theburieddepthshouldbenolessthan1.5meters;whentheriverbedisstableorthesoilishard,theburieddepthshouldbenolessthan1.2meters;thestoneandsemi-lithicriverbed,Theburialdepthshouldnotbelessthan0.5meters;

2)Sectionswithawaterdepthofmorethan8meters:Generally,theopticalcablecanbeplaceddirectlyatthebottomoftheriverwithoutburial,andspecialsectionsshallbetreatedaccordingtotherequirementsofthedesigndocuments.

4.3Thelayingofunderwateropticalcablesshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thelayingspeedandspecifiedpositionoftheopticalcableshallbecontrolled;

2)Duringthelayingprocess,theopticalcableshallnotbeDonotmakesmallcircleswhentheriverbedisvacated;

3)Duringandafterthelaying,theopticalfibershouldbemonitoredforgoodquality,andanyproblemsshouldbedealtwithintimetoensurethelayingqualityoftheunderwateropticalcable;

4)Thelayinglengthshouldbeaccordingtothelengthoftheopticalcabledeterminedduringthere-measurementoftheroute.Generally,theunderwateropticalcableshouldextend50metersbeyondtheembankmentorthebank;5)Whenthedesignstipulatesthattheopticalcableislaidinanarcatthebottomoftheriver,Thebaselineduringthemeasurementshouldbeusedasthebenchmark,andthearclayingshouldbedoneupstream.

4.4Theburieddepthandprotectionofthebeachshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Theburieddepthofthebeachshouldnotbelessthan1.5meters.Forrockyandsemi-lithicareas,fillthebottomofthetrenchwith10-20cmoffinesoilorsand,andbackfillthetopoftheopticalcablewithcrushedsoilorsand,andthenfillitupabovethegroundaftertamping.Forbeachesthatarescouredbyfloods,unstableareasandshipsdockingareas,afterfillingthetopofthefiberopticcablewithcrushedsoilorsand,itshouldbecoveredwithcementboardorcementsandbagsforprotection.

2)Thebankslopeshouldbelessthan30degrees,andwhenitexceeds,reinforcementmeasuresshouldbetakenaccordingtothedesignrequirements.

4.5Fornavigableriverswhereunderwateropticalcablesarelaid,areaswhereanchoringisprohibitedshallbedelineatedaccordingtothedesignrequirements,andwaterlinesignsshallbesetupontheembankmentsorbanksoftherivercrossingsections,andshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Thewaterlinesignsshouldbesingle-poleordouble-polesignsaccordingtothedesignrequirementsorthesizeoftheriver,andshouldbeinstalledinthedesignatedpositionbeforethewaterlineislaid;

2)Thewaterlinesignshouldbeinstalledinaplacewithhighterrainandnoobstruction,andthefrontofthesignshouldbeatanangleof250-300totheupstreamordownstreamdirection;

3)ThewaterlinesignWhenitisinstalledinasoftsoilareaortheburieddepthisnotuptothestipulation,acableshouldbeadded,andachassis,achuckandotherreinforcementmeasuresshouldbeaddedtotherootofthecementpole.

5.Aerooptinen kaapeli

5.1Thesagofaerialopticalcableshouldbedeterminedwithgreatcare.Itisnecessarytoconsiderthattheelongationrateoftheopticalcablewhenitissubjectedtothemaximumloadduringandafterinstallationshouldbelessthan0.2%.Intheproject,thesagoftheaerialopticalcableshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothecablestructureandthewayofhanging,andtheelongationoftheopticalcableshouldbecalculated,sothattheselectedsagoftheopticalcablecanensurethattheelongationoftheopticalcabledoesnotexceedthespecifiedvalue.

5.2Thelayingofaerialopticalcablesshouldbepulledbypulleys,andexcessivebendingisnotallowedduringthelayingprocess.

5.3Optisten kaapelien ripustaminen tulisi varata joka napa, jotta niitä voidaan käyttää keskisuurten kuormitusalueiden, raskaan kuormituksen ja ylikuormituksen alueella.

5.4Thehangingtypeaerialopticalcableshouldbeadjusteduniformlyafterlaying,andthehookingprogramcanbeselectedaccordingtotheouterdiameteroftheopticalcablewithreferencetoTable5.4.Thehangingdistanceoftheopticalcablehookis50cm,andtheallowabledeviationshouldnotexceed±3cm.Thebuckledirectionofthehookonthehangingwireshouldbethesame,andthehookpalletshouldbecomplete.

Kiinnitysohjelman valintataulukko5.4

Kiinnitysohjelmakaapelin ulkohalkaisija (mm)

6532 tai enemmän

5525～32

4519～24

3513～18

2512ja alle

5.5HangingoverheadopticalcableinstallationWaysandrequirements.

5.6Theanti-strongcurrentandlightningprotectionmeasuresoftheaerialopticalcableshallmeetthedesignrequirements.Whenthehangingoverheadopticalcablecrossesthepowerline,thesteelstrandshouldbeinsulatedwithhoseorbamboo.Thecontactpartoftheopticalcablewiththetreeshouldbeprotectedbyarubbertubeoraserpentinetube.

6. Toimiston sisäinen optinen kaapeli

6.1Intra-officeopticalcableisgenerallyledtotheopticaltransceiverfromtheentranceholeinthefrontoftheofficethroughtheundergroundentranceroom.Duetothecomplexityofrouting,manualdeploymentshouldbeused.Whenlayingdownthecorridorsandateachcorner,adedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtotractionaccordingtoaunifiedcommand.Keeptheopticalcableinaslackstateduringthetraction,anditisstrictlyforbiddentomakesmallcirclesanddeadbends.

6.2Toimiston sisäiset optiset kaapelit tulisi merkitä tunnistamista varten.

6.3Theopticalcableshouldchooseasafelocationintheincomingroom,andwhenitisinalocationvulnerabletoexternaldamage,protectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.

6.4Theopticalcableshouldbeboundthroughthecablerackandtheturningpoints(frontandrear).Thebindingpartsoftheupperandlowerwalkwaysorclimbingwallsshouldbelinedwithrubberhosestoavoidlateralpressureontheopticalcables.

6.5Theopticalcablereservedontheterminalsideaccordingtotheregulationscanbeleftintheopticalterminalroomorcableentryroom.Theopticalcablesreservedforspecialrequirementsshouldbereservedaccordingtothedesignrequirements.

7.Optisen kaapelin valmistus

Themanufacturingprocessofopticalcableisgenerallydividedintothefollowingprocesses:

1.Screeningofopticalfiber:selectexcellenttransmissioncharacteristicsandqualifiedtensionOpticalfiber.

2.Dyeingofopticalfiber:Usestandardfullchromatogramtomark,anditisrequiredthathightemperaturedoesnotfadeormigrate.

3.Secondaryextrusion:selecthighelasticmodulus,lowlinearexpansioncoefficientplastictoextrudeintoatubeofacertainsize,puttheopticalfiberintoandfillitwithmoisture-proofandwaterproofgel,andstoreitforafewdays(Notlessthantwodays).

4.Optisten kaapelien ketjuttaminen: useiden suulakepuristettujen optisten kuitujen ketjuttaminen vahvistusyksiköllä.

5.Puristaoptisen kaapelin ulkolämpö:lisävaippakierteiseen optiseen kaapeliin.

Toinen, tyyppi

1.Accordingtodifferenttransmissionperformance,distanceandpurpose,opticalcablescanbedividedintouseropticalcables,localtelephoneopticalcables,long-distanceopticalcablesandsubmarinecables.Opticalcable.

2.Accordingtothedifferenttypesofopticalfibersusedinopticalcables,opticalcablescanbedividedintosingle-modeopticalcablesandmulti-modeopticalcables.

3.Accordingtothenumberoffibercoresinthefiberopticcable,thefiberopticcablecanbedividedintosingle-corefiberopticcable,dual-corefiberopticcableandsoon.

4.Accordingtothedifferentreinforcementconfigurationmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintocentralstrengtheningmemberopticalcables,dispersedstrengtheningmemberopticalcables,sheathstrengtheningmemberopticalcablesandintegratedoutersheathopticalcables.

5.Accordingtodifferenttransmissionconductorsandmediumconditions,opticalcablescanbedividedintometal-freeopticalcables,ordinaryopticalcables,andintegratedopticalcables(mainlyusedforrailwaydedicatednetworkcommunicationlines).

6.Accordingtodifferentlayingmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintopipelineopticalcables,directlyburiedopticalcables,overheadopticalcablesandunderwateropticalcables.

7.Accordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,opticalcablescanbedividedintoflatstructureopticalcables,strandedopticalcables,skeletonopticalcables,armoredopticalcablesandhigh-densityuseropticalcables.

Kolme. Rakentaminen

Overtheyears,wehavedevelopedasetofmaturemethodsandexperienceintheconstructionofopticalcables.

Optisen kaapelityökalun käyttö:

1 kaksiporttinen kuitukuituspihdit, 1 kuoriva optinen kuitupinnoite/tiivis päällyste

2Installationof1setofcombinationsocketwrenchOpticalcableconnectionbox/terminalbox

32mtapemeasure,1piecetomeasurethelengthofthestrippedopticalcable

4Utilityknife,1pieceofauxiliarytoolforstrippingtheopticalcable

5Snake-pääpihdit1leikkauskuituvahvistava ydin

6 vaakasuoraa kaapelileikkuria, 1 pystysuora vaakakuoppauskaapeli

7 pinsettiä, 1 kierukkakuitu

8 sakset, 1 leikkuri, optinen kuitu

9katkaise1teräsjohtooptisesta kaapelista

10neula-nenäpihdettä1 liitosaputyökalu

11 miniruuvimeisseliä2kiinnitysruuviaKäytä

1 sarja 12 kuusioavainta kuuden ruuvin asentamiseen

13Säädettävä jakoavain, 1 liitäntäaputyökalu

14Combinationscrewdriver,2installationandremovalofopticalcableconnectionBox

15 alkoholipumppupulloa, 1 puhdistuskuitu

16 merkkikynä, 1 merkkikuitunumero

17 taskulamppu1 yörakennusvalaistukseen

18Dagonaalipihditja1apurakennustyökalu

(1)Optisen kaapelin ulkorakennus

Themostimportantthingforthelayingoflongerdistanceopticalcableistochooseasuitablepath.Hereisnotnecessarilytheshortestpathisthebest,butalsopayattentiontotherighttousetheland,thepossibilityoferectionorburial,etc.

Whentheopticalcableturns,itsturningradiusmustbegreaterthan20timesthediameteroftheopticalcableitself.

1.Outdooroverhead-kuituoptinen rakenne:

A.Suspendedwiresupportisusedtohangoverhead.Thismethodissimpleandcheap.Itisthemostwidelyusedinmycountry,butittakestimetoaddhooksandarrangethem.

B.Hangingwirewindingoverheadmethod,thismethodismorestableandrequireslessmaintenance.Butaspecialwrappingmachineisrequired.

C.Itsekantava overhead-menetelmä, jolla on korkeat vaatimukset pylväille, on vaikea rakentaa ja ylläpitää, ja se maksaa paljon. Sitä käytetään harvoin Kiinassa.

D.Whenoverhead,aguidedevicemustbeinstalledatthepolewherethefiberopticcableisledtoavoiddraggingthegroundbythefiberopticcable.Payattentiontoreducingthefrictionwhentheopticalcableistowed.Alengthoffiberopticcablefortelescopingshouldbeleftoneachpole.

E.Payattentiontothereliablegroundingofmetalobjectsintheopticalcable.Especiallyinmountainousareas,high-voltagepowergridareasandareaswithheavythunderstorms,therearegenerally3groundingpointsperkilometer,andnon-metallicopticalcablesareevenused.

2.Ulkoputkien kuituoptinen rakennus

A.Tarkista ennen rakentamista putkilinjan täyttöaste, puhdista ja aseta muoviset osaputket ja laita vetolinjaan samaan aikaan.

B. Laske käyttöönoton pituus, ja sen on oltava tarpeeksi varattu. Katso tiedot alla olevasta taulukosta:

Reikään

C.Älä käytä liian pitkää aikaa (yleensä 2 km). Kun kytketään, aloita keskeltä molemmille puolille.

D.Cabletractionisgenerallynotmorethan120kg,andthereinforcedcorepartoftheopticalcableshouldbehauled,andtheheadoftheopticalcableshouldbewaterproofandstrengthened.

E.Optisen kaapelin sisään- ja ulostulokohdat on varustettava yhteissijoituslaitteella, eikä maata voida pyyhkiä suoraan.

D.Kaapeleiden tulisi olla maadoitettu luotettavasti.

3.Haudattiin suoraan optisten kaapelien asennukseen

A.Directlyburiedopticalcabletrenchdepthshouldbeexcavatedaccordingtothestandard,thestandardisshowninthefollowingtable:

B.Ei voi kaivaa paikkoja, joissa putkia voidaan sijoittaa pään päälle tai porata ja upottaa.

C.Hautojen pohjan tulee olla sileäkiinteä jahiekan osan, sementti- tai tuki voidaan tarvittaessa täyttää valmiiksi.

D.Manualormechanicaltractioncanbeusedwhenlaying,butattentionshouldbepaidtoguidanceandlubrication.

E.Asennuksen päätyttyä maaperät tulisi peittää ja tiivistää mahdollisimman pian.

4.Optisten kaapelien vetäminen rakennuksiin

A.Whenlayingvertically,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheload-bearingproblemofopticalcables.Generally,theopticalcablesshouldbefixedonceeverytwolayers.

B.Whentheopticalcablepassesthroughthewallorthefloor,aprotectiveplasticpipewithaprotectivemouthshouldbeadded,andthepipeshouldbefilledwithflame-retardantfiller.

C.Acertainamountofplasticpipescanalsobelaidinthebuildinginadvance,andwhentheopticalcableistobelaidinthefuture,theopticalcablecanbelaidoutbytractionorvacuum.

Neljä.Varotoimet

1.Aftertheuserreceivestheopticalcable,checktheopticalcablecertificateandtheopticaldataprovidedwiththeopticalcable,andchecktheopticalcablereelnumber,model,Thenumberofcoresandlength,etc.,andchecktheouterpackagingfornobreakageloss.

2.Whentheopticalcableislaidout,atractionropemustbeusedtoconnectwiththeopticalcablereinforcement,andbefixedwithanetsleeveortapetothesheath.Ifitisapipelineopticalcable,aspecialrotatingtractionheadmustbeaddedbetweenthetractionropeandtheopticalcablereinforcement,anditisnotallowedtopulltheoutersheathoftheopticalcabledirectly.

3.Forthedeploymentofopticalcableswithalengthofmorethan2KM,itisnotallowedtoputtheopticalcablefromthebeginningtotheendatonetime.Itisnecessarytoplacetheopticalcableinthemiddleofthelotandplaceitinaninvertedfigure-eightshapeatbothends.

4.Whenunloadingthefiberopticcablefromthecar,itisbesttouseaforkliftorcranehoisttogentlyplacethefiberopticcablefromthecarontheground

5.UnloadthefiberopticcablefromthecarinfieldconstructionoccasionsItisadvisabletouseastraightboardtobeplacedbetweenthecarplatformandthegroundtoforma45-degreeslope.Usearopetopassthroughthemiddleholeoftheopticalcable.Whenapersonpullsbothendsoftheropeonthecar,theopticalcableslidesdowntheslopeofthewoodenboard.Whenunloadingopticalcables,stackthemcarefullyandlaythemflat.Itisstrictlyforbiddentodroptheopticalcablesdirectlyfromahighplace,andplacetheopticalcableswithstrongimpacttocausedamage.

6.Whentheopticalcableneedstoberolled,itshouldberolledinthedirectionoftherotationarrowmarkedonthecablereel,butlong-distancerollingisnotallowed.

7.Itisnecessarytocarryoutsingle-discinspectionoftheopticalcablebeforeconstruction,suchasthequalityoftheoutersheathandtheattenuationindex.

8.Themaximumtensileforcewhenlayingapipelineoroverheadopticalcabledoesnotexceed1500N,andthemaximumtensileforcewhenlayingdirectlyburiedopticalcabledoesnotexceed3000N.

9.Whentheopticalcableisconstructedandpositioned,itmustnotbebentorforma90-degreeright-anglebend;fordynamicbending(suchasduringconstruction),thebendingradiusofthepipeandoverheadopticalcableshouldbegreaterthan20timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable;Fordirectlyburiedopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan25timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable;whenlayingandpositioning,forpipelinesandoverheadopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan10timestheradiusoftheopticalcable;fordirectburiedopticalcables,thebendingradiusshouldbegreaterthan12.5timestheouterdiameteroftheopticalcable.Donotseverelybendtheopticalcableandcause"deadbutton".

10.Kun optinen kaapeli on rakennettu,vetovoimat eivät ylitä sallittua lyhytaikaista aikaa, jotta se kestää(putki,optinen kaapeli:1500N;suorahaudattu optinen kaapeli:3000N;ADSSoptinen kaapeli:20%pitkäaikaiseenkäyttöön linja,optinen kaapeli600N;suorahaudattuoptinen kaapeli1000N;ADSSoptinen kaapeli:MAT).Optinen kaapelirakenne tulisi suorittaa asianmukaisesti pätevien teknikkojen ohjauksessa.

Itisveryimportantforopticalcablestobewiredinthecorrectway.Improperconstructioncaneasilycauseincreasedattenuation,shortenedservicelife,fiberbreakage,brokenskin,andbrokenarmor.Opticalcables,especiallyfeedercables,havealargerdiameterandheavierquality.Whenlayingoutcables,youmustuseabrackettomountthecablereel,andpullthecablewhilerollingthecablereel.Ifitisaloosecablethatisnotequippedwithanopticalcablereel,besuretotakecareofit.Wirethecablesinthefuture.Thewirepullersandthedefendersmustbeequippedwithwalkie-talkiestokeepintouch.Don’tpullwithbruteforcewhentheycan’tpullthem.Theymustbesortedoutslowlybeforecontinuing,soastoensurethatour"fragile"opticalcablesarecovered.Safedeployment.

Five.Cablelimit

Sallittu vetovoima ja litistysvoima

SeetheallowabletensileforceandflatteningforceofopticalcableTable1.

Taulukko1-optisen kaapelin mekaaniset ominaisuudet sallitaan veto- ja litistysvoima

Yhteystapa

Menetelmä on pääasiassapysyväyhteys, hätäyhteys, aktiivinen yhteys.

1. Pysyvä optinen kuituliitäntä (kutsutaan myös sulatemateriaaliksi)

Thiskindofconnectionistomelttheconnectionpointoftwoopticalfibersandconnectthemtogetherbymeansofelectricdischarge.Generallyusedinlong-distanceconnection,permanentorsemi-permanentfixedconnection.Itsmainfeatureisthattheconnectionattenuationisthelowestamongallconnectionmethods,withatypicalvalueof0.01~0.03dB/point.However,whenconnecting,specialequipment(fusionsplicer)andprofessionalsarerequiredtooperate,andtheconnectionpointneedstobeprotectedbyaspecialcontainer.

2.Hätäliitäntä (kutsutaan myös) kylmäsulatus

Emergencyconnectionismainlytousemechanicalandchemicalmethodstofixandbondtwoopticalfiberstogether.Themainfeatureofthismethodisthattheconnectionisfastandreliable,andthetypicalattenuationoftheconnectionis0.1~0.3dB/point.However,theconnectionpointwillbeunstableforlong-termuse,andtheattenuationwillincreasegreatly,soitcanonlybeusedforemergencyinashorttime.

3.Aktiivinen yhteys

Activeconnectionisamethodofconnectingthesitetothesiteorthesitetotheopticalcablebyusingvariousopticalfiberconnectiondevices(plugsandsockets).Thismethodisflexible,simple,convenient,andreliable,andismostlyusedincomputernetworkwiringinbuildings.Itstypicalattenuationis1dB/connector.

Selection

Inadditiontothenumberoffibercoresandfibertypes,theselectionoftheopticalcableshouldalsobebasedontheuseenvironmentoftheopticalcabletochoosetheoutersheathoftheopticalcable.

1.Whentheoutdoorfiberopticcableisdirectlyburied,itisbettertousearmoredfiberopticcable.Whenoverhead,ablackplasticoutersheathedopticalcablewithtwoormorereinforcingribscanbeused.

2.Kun valitset rakennuksissa käytettäviä optisia kaapeleita, kiinnitä huomiota niiden palonestoaineisiin, myrkyllisiin ja savuominaisuuksiin.Yleensä palonestoaineita, mutta savuttomia tyyppejä (Plenum) voidaan käyttää johdoissa tai pakollisessa ilmanvaihdossa ja palonestoaineissa, ei-myrkyllisissä ja -tyypeissä .

3. Kun vedät kaapeleita pystysuoraan rakennukseen, voit käyttää jakelukaapeleita; vaakasuoraan johdotukseen voit valita Breakout-kaapeleita.

4.Jos lähetysetäisyys on 2 km:n sisällä, monimuotokuitukaapelivoidaan valita ja releetyksimoodikuitukaapelia voidaan käyttää yli 2 km:n sisällä.

Standardforburieddepthofdirectburiedopticalcable

Munitusosattaimaaperän hautaussyvyys(m)Huomautuksia

Tavallinen maaperä (kovamaa)≥1.2

Puolilittinen (soramaa, sääntynyt kivi)≥1,0

Kokonaiskivi≥0,8Lisää 10 cm hienojakoisia öljyjä ja kaivan pohjasta

Pikaja≥0,8

Esikaupungit, kylät ja kaupungit≥1.2

Kaupungin sisäiset jalkakäytävät≥1,0

Ristetyt rautatiet, moottoritiet≥1,2Etäisyys painolastin alaosaanpoissa tiestä

Ojat ja kanavat,lampi≥1.2

Maatalousmaan kuivattu oja≥0,8

Mallintunnistus

Esimerkki:

Thefirstpart

Luokittelukoodi

Huomaa:Ensimmäisen jatoisen osan välissä:vahvistusjäsenen koodinimi(vahvistava ydin)

ThereinforcingmemberreferstotheinsideofthesheathorembeddedinthesheathtoenhancethetensilestrengthoftheopticalcableForcemembers:

Allekirjoittamaton-metallivahvistettu jäsen;G-metallivahvistettu jäsen

F-ei-metallivahvistettu jäsen;H-ei-metallinen raskasvahvistettu jäsen

(esimerkki:GYTA:metallivahvistettu ydin;GYFTA:ei-metallivahvistettu ydin)

Thecodeofthefillingstructurefeatureinthecablecoreandtheopticalcable

Thestructuralfeatureoftheopticalcableshouldindicatethemaintypeofthecablecoreandthederivativestructureoftheopticalcable.Whentheopticalcabletypehasseveralstructuralfeaturesthatneedtobenoted,itcanbeindicatedbythecombinationcode.

Kakkonen osa

Osa III

SheathThecodename

Neljäsosa javiidesosa

Viidennen osan koodi on esitetty kahdella numerosarjalla. Yksi ryhmä edustaa suojakerrosta ,joka voi olla yksi-tai kaksinumeroinen;toinen ryhmä edustaa pinnoitekerrosta,joka on yksinumeroinen.

Armorlayer-koodi

Pinnoitekerroksen koodi

Osa VI

Optisen kaapelin tekniset tiedot

Monimuotokuitu

Bsinglemodefiber

Huomaa: Monimuotokuitu ei voi suorittaa pitkän matkan optista lähetystä tilojen välisen hajonnan ansiosta, ja se on melkein eliminoitu.

Opticalfiberinspection

Themainpurposeofopticalfiberinspectionistoensurethequalityofthesystemconnection,reducefailurefactorsandfindoutthefaultpointoftheopticalfiberwhenitfails.Therearemanydetectionmethods,mainlydividedintomanualsimplemeasurementandprecisioninstrumentmeasurement.

1.Manuaalinen yksinkertainenmittaus

Thismethodisgenerallyusedtoquicklydetecttheon-offofthefiberandtodistinguishthefibermadeduringtheconstruction.Itusesasimplelightsourcetoentervisiblelightfromoneendoftheopticalfiberandobservewhichoneemitslightfromtheotherend.Althoughthismethodissimple,itcannotquantitativelymeasuretheattenuationoftheopticalfiberandthebreakpointoftheopticalfiber.

2.Tarkkuusinstrumenttimittaus

Useanopticalpowermeteroranopticaltimedomainreflectometer(OTDR)toquantitativelymeasuretheopticalfiber,andmeasuretheattenuationoftheopticalfiberandtheattenuationoftheconnector,Eventhebreakpointpositionofthefibercanbemeasured.Thismeasurementcanbeusedtoquantitativelyanalyzethecausesoffailuresinopticalfibernetworksandtoevaluateopticalfibernetworkproducts.

Identifytheprosandcons

1.Outer:Indooropticalcablesgenerallyusepolyvinylchlorideorflame-retardantpolyvinylchloride,andtheirappearanceshouldbesmooth,bright,flexible,andeasytopeeloff.Theouterskinofpoorqualityopticalfibercableisnotsmoothandeasytoadheretothetightsleeveandaramidinside.

ThePEsheathoftheoutdooropticalcableshouldbemadeofhigh-qualityblackpolyethylene.Afterthecableisformed,theouterskinissmooth,bright,uniforminthickness,andfreeofsmallbubbles.Theouterskinofinferiorfiberopticcableisgenerallyproducedwithrecycledmaterials,whichcansavealotofcost.Theouterskinofsuchfiberopticcableisnotsmooth.Becausetherearemanyimpuritiesintherawmaterial,theouterskinofthemadefiberopticcablehasmanyverysmallpits.water.

2.Opticalfiber:FormalopticalfibercablemanufacturersgenerallyuseA-gradecoresfromlargefactories.Somelow-costandinferioropticalcablesusuallyuseC-grade,D-gradeopticalfibersandsmuggledopticalfibersfromunknownsources.Theseopticalfibersareduetotheirsources.Itiscomplicated,ittakesalongtimetoleavethefactory,itisoftendampanddiscolored,andsingle-modefibersareoftenmixedinmultimodefibers.Generally,smallfactorieslackthenecessarytestingequipmentandcannotjudgethequalityofthefiber.Becausesuchopticalfiberscannotbedistinguishedbythenakedeye,thecommonproblemsencounteredinconstructionare:narrowbandwidthandshorttransmissiondistance;uneventhicknessandcannotbeconnectedtothepigtail;theopticalfiberlacksflexibilityandbreakswhenthefiberisbent.

3.Reinforcedsteelwire:Thesteelwireoftheoutdooropticalcableoftheregularmanufacturerisphosphated,andthesurfaceisgray.Suchsteelwiredoesnotincreasehydrogenloss,rust,andhashighstrengthafterbeingcabled.Inferiorfiberopticcablesaregenerallyreplacedbythinironoraluminumwires.Theidentificationmethodiseasy-itiswhiteinappearanceandcanbebentatwillwhenitispinchedinthehand.Theopticalfibercableproducedwithsuchsteelwirehasalargehydrogenloss,andafteralongtime,thetwoendsofthehangingopticalfiberboxwillrustandbreak.

Four.Steelarmor:Regularproductioncompaniesusedouble-sidedbrushedanti-corrosionpaintlongitudinallywrappedpatternsteelstrips,inferioropticalcablesaremadeofordinaryironsheet,usuallyonlyonesideistreatedwithrustprevention.

V.Loosetube:TheloosetubeoftheopticalfiberintheopticalcableshouldbemadeofPBTmaterial,whichhashighstrength,nodeformation,andanti-aging.InferiorfiberopticcablesgenerallyusePVCasthesleeve.Theouterdiameterofsuchasleeveisverythin,anditisflattenedbypinchingitbyhand.Itisabitlikeastrawfordrinkingbeverages.

6.Ointment:Ointmentmainlyincludesfiberpasteandcablepaste.Undernormalcircumstances,thefiberpasteshouldfilltheentireloosetube,andthecablepasteshouldfilleverygapoftheopticalcablecoreunderpressure.Therearewaystofillthefiberpastehalffullorless,whilesomeofthecablepastejustapplyalayerontheoutsideofthecablecore,andsomearenotfilledbetweenthetwoendsoftheopticalcable.Thiswillmaketheopticalfibernotwellprotected,affectthetransmissionperformancesuchasopticalfiberattenuation,andthepoorwaterproofperformancecannotreachthenationalstandard.Oncetheopticalcableaccidentallyseeswater,theentirelinkwillseepandbescrapped.Undernormalcircumstances,evenifthereisanaccidentalwaterseepage,youonlyneedtorepairthewaterseepage,andyoudon'tneedtodoitagain.(Thenationalstandardrequiresthatthewaterblockingperformanceis:threemetersofopticalcable,onemeterofwatercolumnpressure,nowaterseepagefor24hours.)Ifyouusepoorointment,theaboveproblemswillalsooccur,anditmaybeduetothepoorthixotropyoftheointment.,Theopticalfiberwillcausemicro-bendingloss,andthetransmissioncharacteristicsoftheentirelinkwillbeunqualified;ifthegreaseisacidic,itwillreactwiththemetalmaterialintheopticalcabletoprecipitatehydrogenmolecules,andtheattenuationoftheopticalfiberwillincreaserapidlywhenitencountersH,causingtheentireThelinkisinterruptedfortransmission.

Seven.Aramid:AlsoknownasKevlar,itisakindofhigh-strengthchemicalfiber,whichismostusedinthemilitaryindustry.Militaryhelmetsandbulletproofvestsareproducedfromthismaterial.Asof2013,onlyDuPontandtheDutchAkzocanproducethem,andthepriceisabout300,000tons.Indooropticalcablesandelectricaloverheadopticalcables(ADSS)bothusearamidyarnasreinforcements.Becausearamidcostsarehigh,inferiorindooropticalcablesgenerallyhaveaverythinouterdiameter,sothatafewstrandsofaramidcanbeusedtosavecosts.Suchanopticalcableiseasytobebrokenwhenpassingthroughthetube.BecauseADSSopticalcabledeterminestheamountofaramidfiberusedintheopticalcableaccordingtothespanandwindspeedpersecond,itisgenerallynotafraidtocutcorners.

8.Water-blockingtape:Thewater-blockingtapeoryarnforopticalcableshasstrongwater-absorbingperformancethroughtheuniformlydistributedsuperabsorbentresininsidetheproduct.Underthecombinedactionofrubberelasticity,superabsorbentresincanquicklyabsorbwaterseveraltimesitsownweight.Moreover,thewaterblockingpowderwillswellthegelimmediatelyonceitencounterswater,andnomatterhowmuchpressureisappliedtoit,thewaterwillnotbesqueezedout.Therefore,thecablecoreiscoveredwithawater-blockingtapecontainingwater-absorbentresin.Incasetheouterwalloftheopticalcableisdamaged,thesuperabsorbentresininthewoundpartwillswellandexertasealingeffect,whichcanpreventtheentryofwatertoaminimum.Inferiorfiberopticcablesusuallyusenon-wovenfabricsorpapertapes.Oncetheouterskinofthefiberopticcableisdamaged,theconsequenceswillbeveryserious.

Discusstheimportanceofcommunicationopticalcablelinemaintenanceandspecificcountermeasures

Theinformationageiscoming,andthedevelopmentofvariousindustriesinmycountrytodayiscloselyrelatedtocommunicationtechnology.Therefore,bothcompaniesandpeoplehavehigherrequirementsforcommunicationlevels,andthecommunicationindustryisdevelopingveryrapidly,buttherearestillmanyproblemsthathavenotbeenresolved.Thequalityofcommunicationtechnologyisdirectlyrelatedtothecurrentmaintenanceofcommunicationopticalcablelines.Thisarticleanalyzesthemeaningandspecificmethodsofcommunicationopticalcablelinemaintenanceforpracticalapplications.

Yleiset esteiden syyt

Estepisteiden löytäminen

ThemethodstepsofusingOTDRtesttodeterminetheobstructionpointofopticalcablelineattheendpointorrelaystationareroughlyasfollows:

1) Käytä OTDR:tä testataksesi maksimietäisyyttä estepisteestätestin päähän.

2)Whentheopticalcableisblockedduetonaturaldisastersorexternalinfluencessuchasexternalconstruction,findtheobstaclelocationprovidedbythemaintenancepersonnelaccordingtothepersonnel.Ifitisnottheabovesituation,itisnoteasyfortheinspectorstofindtheobstaclelocationfromtheabnormalroadsurface.Atthistime,itisnecessarytocheckwiththeoriginaltestdataaccordingtothedistancebetweentheobstaclepointmeasuredbytheOTDRandthetestendtofindoutwhichmark(orwhichtwojoints)theobstaclepointisbetween.Afterpassingthenecessaryconversion,Byaccuratelymeasuringthelengthofthegroundduringthisperiod,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbedetermined.

3)Ifthefiberbreakageiscausedbythestructuraldefectoftheopticalcableortheagingoftheopticalfiber,itisdifficulttoaccuratelymeasurethebreakpointwithOTDR,andonlytheobstructivesectioncanbemeasured,thenasectionofopticalcableshouldbeusedinstead.

Menetelmät, joilla parannetaan kaapelivian sijainnin tarkkuutta

Firstofall,itisnecessarytounderstandhowthemeterisusedandhowtousethemetertohelpaccuratemeasurement.

1.SettheOTDRparameters.WhenusinganOTDRtest,youmustfirstsettheinstrumentparameters,themostimportantofwhichistosettherefractiveindexandtestwavelengthofthetestfiber.Onlybyaccuratelysettingthebasicparametersofthetestinstrumentcanconditionsbecreatedforaccuratetesting.

2.Usethemagnifyingfunctionofthemeter.UsethezoomfunctionofOTDRtoaccuratelyplacethecursoronthecorrespondinginflectionpoint,andusethezoomfunctionkeytozoominto25meters/div.Inthisway,moreaccuratetestresultswitharesolutionoflessthan1metercanbeobtained.

3.Adjusttheaccuratetestrangefile.Fordifferenttestrangefiles,thedistanceresolutionofOTDRtestisdifferent.Whenmeasuringopticalfiberobstaclepoints,youshouldselectthetestrangefilethatisgreaterthanthemeasureddistanceandtheclosest,sothattheaccuracyofthemetercanbefullyutilizedformeasurement.

Secondly,accurateandcompleteoriginaldocumentsshouldbeestablishedduringthemaintenanceandmanagementprocess.Theseaccuratelycompletedopticalcablelinefilesarethebasicbasisforfaultmeasurementandlocation.Therefore,intheprocessofmaintenanceandmanagement,weshouldnotbenegligent,andshouldestablishtrue,credibleandcompletelineinformation.

Whentheopticalcableconnectionismonitored,thecumulativelengthoftheopticalfiberfromthetestendtoeachjointpointandthetotalattenuationvalueoftheintermediatefiberarerecorded.Atthesametime,thetestinstrumentmodelandthesettingoftherefractiveindexduringthetestarealsorecorded.Thevalueisregistered.Accuratelyrecordtheremainingfiberopticcables.Recordindetailthelengthoftheopticalcablereelineachjointpit,specialsection,S-shapedlaying,roomentry,etc.andthelengthoftheopticalfiberreelinthejointbox,terminalbox,ODFrack,etc.,sothatitcanbedeductedwhenconvertingtheroutelengthofthefaultpoint.

Inaddition,theconsistencyofthetestconditionsshouldbemaintainedduringthemeasurementprocess.Duringtheobstacletest,trytoensuretheconsistencyofthetestinstrumentmodel,operationmethodandinstrumentparametersettings,etc.,sothatthetestresultsarecomparable.Therefore,eachtestinstrumentmodelandtestparametersettingsmustberecordedindetailforfutureuse.

Finally,acomprehensiveanalysis.Theobstacletestrequiresthattheoperatormusthaveaclearthinkingandaflexiblewaytodealwiththeproblem,andaclearlogicalthinkingisveryusefulwhereveritis.Undernormalcircumstances,two-wayfaulttestsareperformedonbothendsofthefiberopticcableline,andthencombinedwiththeoriginaldataforanalysis,andthenreadytodeterminethespecificlocationofthefault.Whenthelinkaroundthefaultpointhasnoobviouscharacteristicsandthespecificsitecannotbedetermined,thenwecantakethemeasurementmethodatthenearestjoint,whichcanexcavateattheobstaclepointofthepreliminarytest,andtheendstationtestinstrumentisinthereal-timemeasurementstate.

Restorationofobstacles

Iftheopticalcablelineisobstructed,everysecondmustbedetermined.Temporarilyadjustthecircuitorlaytheemergencyopticalcabletotemporarilyseizethecircuit,andorganizeforcestorepairitassoonaspossible.

1.Hätäkorjaus

1)Yhden suunnan alloptiset kaapelilinjat on estetty

Accordingtothescheduledcircuitschedulingplan,immediatelyTemporarilyadjustallcircuitsorpartofthemaincircuits.

2)Theindividualfiberoftheopticalcablelineinacertaindirectionisblocked

Ifthereisasparefiberintheopticalfiber,orthereisanothercircuitouscircuit,immediatelyusethesparefiberorcircuittotemporarilyadjusttheobstaclecircuit;Ifthereisasparefiberintheopticalcableandthereisnocircuitouscircuit,itshallbedealtwithaccordingtothestipulatedschedulingprincipletoensurethattheimportantcircuitisunblocked,andthesecondarycircuitissuspended.

3)Partoftheopticalfiberoftheopticalcablelineinacertaindirectionisblocked

Ifthereareopticalfibersintheopticalcable,inadditiontousingthespareopticalfibertotemporarilyadjustthecircuit,youcanselectanunblockedopticalfibertemporarilyPairing,inaccordancewiththeprescribedschedulingprincipleandschedulingsequence,temporarilyadjustthecircuit,ifthetemporarilypairedfiberisstillnotenough,andthereisnocircuitouscircuit,thenthesecondarycircuitissuspended.

Huomautuksia:

1.Thetemporarydispatchoftheaboveopticalfibermustbenegotiatedbybothsidesofthemachineandline.Completedinclosecooperation.

2.Fortheopticalfiberspairedintheoriginallinesequence,aslongasthetwoendsofthemaintenancestationaccordingtothesystemscheduling,switchthecircuit;iftheopticalfibersarepairedtemporarily,theopticaldistributionracksintherelaystationsonbothsidesoftheobstacleshouldbeused.(Orterminalbox)toadjusttheconnection.

3.Ifthemainopticalfiberisconnectedwithanopticalattenuator,butthespareopticalfiberisnotpre-connectedwithanattenuator,thecorrespondingopticalattenuatorshouldalsobeconnectedwhenthespareopticalfiberisused.Thisissueshouldalsobepaidattentiontowhenopticalfiberpairingisusedtemporarily.

2.Hätäoptisten kaapelien asentaminen

1)Hätäoptisten kaapelien asennuksen ehdot

WhentheopticalcablelinesinacertaindirectionareallblockedAfterallthecircuitsorthemaincircuitareswitchedon,youcanconsiderrepairingtheopticalcableatonetime,insteadofusinganemergencycircuit.Whenthereisnoconditiontotemporarilytunethecircuit,orthetemporarytunedpartofthecircuitcannotmeettheneedsoflarge-capacitycommunication,theemergencyopticalcableshouldbelaid,andthecircuitshouldberushedinaccordancewiththeschedulingprincipleandschedulingsequencestipulatedinthe"circuitschedulingsystem".Resumecommunication,andthenre-choosetheroutetolayoutnewopticalcablesforformalrestoration.

2)Optisten hätäkaapeleiden käyttöalueen määrittäminen

Opticalcablesareblockedbynaturaldisastersorexternalforces.Generally,afterdeterminingtheapproximatelocationoftheobstacles,itiseasiertofindthemaccordingtotheabnormalroadsurface.Obstaclepoints,thedeploymentrangeofemergencyopticalcablescanbedetermined.However,itisdifficulttodeterminethedeploymentrangeoftheemergencyopticalcablewhentheOTDRonlydetectstheobstaclepointattheendstationortherelaystation,whichisbetweenwhichtwojoints,andcannotdeterminethespecificlocationoftheobstacle.Atthistime,ifconditionspermit,youcanuseOTDRtotestattheremoterelaystation,andconductacomprehensiveanalysisofthetestresultsonbothsides.Generally,youcanaccuratelydeterminetheopticalcablebreakpoint.IfthereisnoconditiontouseOTDRtestfromtwodirections,youcansendtwoseparatelyTodealwiththissituation:

a)Theobstaclepointisrelativelyclosetoaconnector,andtheemergencyopticalcableistobelaidoutfromthisconnector.OpenthisconnectorandusetheOTDRtotestinthedirectionoftheobstacleattheconnector.Atthistime,testThedistanceisshort,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbemeasuredmoreaccurately,andtheemergencyopticalcablecanbedeterminedwheretolay.

b)Theobstaclepointislocatedinthemiddleofthetwojoints.Itisnotadvisabletostartlayingtheemergencyopticalcablefromajoint.Itisnecessarytofurtherdeterminethepositionoftheobstaclepointandplaceanemergencysectiononbothsidesoftheobstaclepoint.Opticalcable.Inthiscase,youcanusethestep-by-stepextensionheuristicmethodtofindthespecificlocationoftheobstacle,thatis,usetheOTDRtoinitiallymeasuretheobstaclepointattheendstationortherelaystation,digouttheopticalcableinfrontoftheobstaclepoint,andcutacertainopticalfiberforre-testing,suchasIftheobstacleisnotinthecut-offrange,youshouldjudgetheapproximatedistance,thendigouttheopticalcableforward,cutoffanotheropticalfiberandre-test,untiltheobstacleiswithinthecut-offpoint,youcandeterminetheemergencyThedeploymentrangeoftheopticalcable.Generally,thespecificlocationoftheobstaclecanbedeterminedbyretestingtwice.

c)Thesametypeofopticalfibercabletoacceleratetheemergencyrepairoftheconnector

Anothertypeofopticalcableemergencyrepairmethodistousethesametypeofopticalcableastheobstacleopticalcableastheemergencyrepairopticalcable,usingtheconnector(Flexiblejoint)addmatchingliquidfortemporaryconnection,andrushthroughthecircuit.

3.Muodollinen korjaus

Whenformallyrepairingopticalcablelineobstacles,communicationmustbemaintainedasmuchaspossible,especiallythecommunicationofimportantcircuitsmustnotbeinterrupted,andtheconstructionqualitymustconformtotheopticalcableRequirementsforlineconstructionqualitystandardsandmaintenancequalitystandards.

Whenofficiallyrepairingthefull-blockingobstaclesoftheopticalcableline,thefollowingissuesshouldbepaidattentionto:

1.Fortheobstaclesintheconnectorboxorneartheconnector,theopticalfiberorconnectorpitreservedintheconnectorboxshouldbeusedtopreventLeavethefiberopticcableforrepair,noneedtoaddadditionalconnectors.Whenthereisareservedopticalcableneartheobstaclepoint,thereservedopticalcableshouldbeusedforconnection,andonlyoneconnectorshouldbeadded.

2.Whenitisnecessarytouseinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcabletoformallyrepairtheopticalcableobstacle,thesamemanufacturerandthesametypeofopticalcableshouldbeused.

3.Thelengthoftheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcablecanbeconsideredbythefollowingthreefactors:

(1)ConsideringthattheendstationorrelaystationmustuseOTDRtomonitorwhentheopticalfiberconnectionisofficiallyrepaired,Oritisconvenienttodistinguishtheobstaclesbetweentwoadjacentconnectionpointsindailymaintenancework;theminimumlengthoftheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcablemustmeettheresponseresolution(two-pointresolution)requirementoftheOTDRinstrument,anditshouldgenerallybegreaterthan100meters.

(2)Consideringthatitdoesnotaffectthesingle-modefibertoworkunderasingle-modesteady-stateconditiontoensurecommunicationquality,theminimumlengthofinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcableshouldbegreaterthan22meters.

(3)Tointerveneorchangethelengthoftheopticalcable,pleaserefertotheprinciplerequirementsof(1)and(2),combinedwiththeactualsituationandcomprehensivelyconsiderit,andgraspitflexibly.Forexample,ifthereisaconnectorneartheinterventionorreplacementoftheopticalcable,theopticalcableshouldbeextendedtothejointasmuchaspossible,andonlyoneconnectorshouldbeadded.

4.Optisen kaapelin väliintulo tai vaihda,optisen kuidun katkaisun yleinen järjestys:

(1)Firstofall,itshouldbebasedontheschedulingprinciplesstipulatedinthe"circuitschedulingsystem"Thetwopartiesandthedispatchingsequencemachinewilljointlynegotiateanopticalfibercutoverplanandsubmitittothesuperiorauthorityforapproval.

(2)Thefibercutoverprocessshouldtrynottointerruptthecircuit(especiallyimportantcircuits).Tocutandconnecttheoriginalandnewlydeployedopticalfiberbytheemergencyopticalcable,thespareopticalcableshouldbeconnectedfirst,andthespareopticalfiberisusedasareplacementpair.Pairthetransfercircuit,orifthereisnospareopticalcableintheoriginalopticalcable,thesecondarycircuitshouldbesuspended,andtheopticalfiberofthesystemshouldbecutoverasareplacementpair,andthenaccordingtotheoriginalcutoversequence,cutoveronebyonetorestorethecircuit.