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Qu Qiubai



LuonnesuhdeQu Qiubai

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  • VaimoYangZhihua

    Anerror1079600on ilmoitettu

  • IsäQuShiwei

    Virhe3827124on palautettu

  • Äiti Jinxuan

    Virhe19605129on palautettu

  • Entinen vaimoWangJianhong

    Aerror70979961on ilmoitettu.

  • TytärpuoliQuDuyi

    Anerror963926on ilmoitettu

  • BrotherQuYunbai

    Anerror17512322on ilmoitettu.

Hahmon elämä

Nuortenkoulu

29.1.1899,QuQiubaishengSijaitseeTianxiangBuildingin toisessa kerroksessa, BaguitangGarden,QingguoPre8Lane(n,No Jiangsun maakunta.

Isä, QuShiwei on hyvä maalaus, miekkamies ja lääketiede. Hän on luonteeltaan erilainen, ei johda perheyritystä, asuu setänsä talossa ja on taloudellisesti riippuvainen QuShihun avusta.

In1904,heenteredaprivateschoolforenlightenment,andin1905hewastransferredtoGuanyingPrimarySchool.Therewasanessayinwhichthehusbandgaveafullscoreandshowedittotheprincipal.Becauseofthegoodwriting,headdedanotherfivepoints.

InthespringofthefirstyearofXuantongoftheQingDynasty(1909),hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofChangzhouFuMiddleSchool(nowChangzhouSeniorMiddleSchoolinJiangsuProvince).AffectedbytherevolutionarythoughtofTuYuanbo,theprincipal.

AftertheRevolutionof1911,QuShihu'suncleQuShihuabandonedhisofficialresidencetoliveinHangzhouandstoppedfundingQuShiwei'sfamily.QuQiubai’sfamilywascaughtineconomicdifficultiesandmovedtotheChengxiTemplealongtheQu’sAncestralHallinTing,wherehelivedonpawnsandborrowedmoney.

Onthefifthdayofthefirstlunarmonthof1916,hismotherJinXuancommittedsuicidebytakingpoison.

Attheendof1916,hewenttoHankouandlivedinthehomeofQuChunbai,acousinwhowasaninterpreterintheBeijing-HanRailwayBureau,andenteredWuchangForeignLanguageSchooltolearnEnglish.

Inthespringof1917,IwenttoBeijingwithmycousin.IoriginallyhadtoapplyforPekingUniversity,butIcouldn'taffordthetuitionandmeals.Participatinginthegeneralcivilserviceexaminationwasnottaken.Later,hewasadmittedtotheRussianSpecialistTrainingCenteroftheMinistryofForeignAffairswherehe"hasnotuitionandhasabackground"tolearnRussian.ParticipatedintheMayFourthMovementin1919.HewasarrestedonJune3andgaveaspeechinthestreet.HewasreleasedonJune8.OnAugust23,theygatheredatXinhuamenwithstudentrepresentativesfromalloverthecountrytoprotestagainstthearrestof"MaLiangandLu"bytheNationalPoliceAgency.OnAugust30,theNationalPoliceAgencyreleasedallpetitionrepresentatives.AftertheMayFourthMovement,hejoinedtheMarxistResearchAssociationinitiatedbyLiDazhaoandZhangSongnian.

Elämä Venäjällä

Elokuussa 1920 hän oli BeijingMorningNewsin jaShanghaiShixinbaoto-haastattelun erikoiskirjeenvaihtajaMoskovassa.

OnJuly6,1921,IsawtherevolutionaryteacherLeninintheAndreHallandhadabriefconversationinthemeeting.OnNovember7,1921,onthefourthanniversaryoftheOctoberRevolutioninRussia,Iparticipatedintheworkers'memorialassemblyattheThirdElectricLaborFactoryinMoscow.IsawLeninagainandlistenedtoaspeech.Intheautumnof1921,OrientalUniversityopenedaChineseclass.AstheonlytranslatorinMoscowatthattime,heenteredtheschoolasatranslatorandassistantteacher.TheChineseclasswasorganizedasaseparateclass.ThestudentsincludedLiuShaoqi,LuoYinong,PengShuzhi,RenBishi,KeQingshi,WangYifei,XiaoJinguang,etc.,QuQiubaitaughtRussian,materialistdialectics,politicaleconomy,andactedasaninterpreterforpoliticaltheorycourses.InMay1921,ZhangTaileiintroducedhimtotheCommunistPartyofChina,andinSeptemberhebecameafullpartymember.

Keväällä 1922 hän liittyi virallisesti Kiinan kommunistiseen puolueeseen.

Attheendof1922,ChenDuxiuwenttoMoscowonbehalfoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andQuQiubaiservedasatranslator.

Palaaminen töihinKiinaan

21.12.1922,ChenDuxiun kutsuma, Moskova palasi töihin Kiinaan.Saapui Pekingiin 13.1.1923.

Helmikuu 1923,osittain käännetty "OntheFoundationofLeninism",käännetty"Leninismin yhteenveto"osa Stalinin "OntheFoundationofLeninism",huhtikuu 22:ssa"NewYouth"Nro 1Julkaistu. Ennen tätä,neljäyleisliiton strategiassa munistInternational ja kansainvälisen kommunistisen liikkeen historia.

Inthesummerof1923,YuYourenandDengZhongxiafoundedShanghaiUniversity,andQuQiubaiwenttoShanghaiUniversityasthedeanofsociology.InAugust,hewroteandpublishedthe"ShanghaiUniversity"thatmodernChinashouldhave,formulatingaplanforthedevelopmentofShanghaiUniversity,envisagedthatShanghaiUniversitywillbecomea"newculturalsportscenterintheSouth",andproceededtoformulateschoolregulationsandrectifythefaculty,Carryingouttheprincipleofcombiningtheorywithpractice,improvingteachingquality,andestablishingbasic-levelorganizationsoftheCommunistParty.Atthesametime,heisalsoinchargeofthepropagandaworkoftheChineseCommunistParty,servingastheeditor-in-chiefofthequarterlymagazine"NewYouth",andatthesametimetheeditor-in-chiefofanothercentralagencypublication"Qianfeng",participatingintheeditingof"Guide".

Attheendof1923,heparticipatedinthedraftingofthedraftdeclarationofthefirstNationalCongressoftheKuomintang.ThedeclarationestablishedthenewThreePeople'sPrinciplespolicyofunitingRussia,unitingtheCommunistParty,andhelpingworkersandpeasants.

OnJanuary20,1924,thefirstNationalCongressoftheChineseKuomintangopenedinGuangzhou.Atthemeeting,hewaselectedasthealternatecentralexecutivememberoftheKuomintang.HerushedbetweenShanghaiandGuangzhoutohandletheissueofcooperationbetweenthetwoparties.

InJuly1924,accordingtoSunYat-sen'sproposal,theKuomintangCentralCommitteeestablishedapoliticalcommitteewithSunYat-senasthechairmanandQuQiubaiasamember.Duringthisperiod,QuQiubaialsoparticipatedintheguidanceworkoftheKMTShanghaiExecutiveDepartmentasanalternateexecutivememberoftheCentralCommittee.Atthesametime,healsoservedastheeditoroftheShanghaiKMTorgannewspaper"RepublicofChinaDaily".

SinceJanuary1925,attheFourth,Fifth,andSixthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,hewaselectedasamemberoftheCentralCommittee,amemberoftheCentralBureauandamemberofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,andbecameoneoftheleadersoftheCommunistPartyofChina.OnMay30,1925,the"May30thMassacre"occurredandledthepatrioticanti-imperialistmovementwithChenDuxiu,CaiHesen,LiLisan,YunDaiying,andLiuShaoqi.OnJune4,theeditor-in-chiefpublishedtheCommunistParty’sfirstdailynewspaper,the“HotBloodDaily”,whichreportedontheanti-imperialiststruggleinShanghaiandthewholecountry.Inthespringof1926,hewasseriouslyillandwashospitalized,andwrotethebook"RussianBourgeoisRevolutionandtheProblemofthePeasants".

OnFebruary7,1927,IeditedQuQiubai'sEssaysbymyself.OnFebruary22,Shanghaiworkerslaunchedthesecondarmeduprising.QuQiubairushedtotheRafadRoadRiotCommandPosttoparticipateinleadingtheuprising.Intheevening,heattendedthejointmeetingoftheCentralandDistrictPartyCommitteesanddraftedthe"PolicyandWorkPlanOpinionsaftertheFebruary22RiotinShanghai"overnightandsubmittedittotheCentralSpecialCommittee.FromFebruary25thtoMarch2nd,attendedthemeetingoftheCentralSpecialCommitteetodiscussthethirdarmeduprisingofShanghaiworkersandputforwardimportantguidingopinions.FromShanghaitoHankouinMarch,responsiblefortheFifthCongress.OnApril11,hewrotetheprefaceforMaoZedong's"InvestigationReportonHunanPeasantMovement".FromApril27thtoMay9th,theFifthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Onthefirstday,ChenDuxiugaveareporttotheCentralCommittee.Onthesecondday,QuQiubaicirculated"ProblemsofControversyintheChineseRevolution",criticizingChenDuxiuandtherepresentativesoftheCommunistInternationalfortheirrightopportunisticmistakes.ElectedasamemberoftheCentralCommittee,amemberofthePolitburo,andamemberofthePolitburoStandingCommittee.

OnJuly12,1927,theCommunistInternationalorderedthereorganizationoftheleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommittee.ChenDuxiuwassuspendedandZhangGuotaoactedasatemporaryagenttopresideovertheworkoftheCentralCommittee.OnJuly13,wewenttoLushansecretlywithBorodintodiscusstheleadershipreorganizationoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandplananarmedriot.HereturnedtoWuhaninthelasttendaysandattendedtheenlargedmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCentralCommitteeheldonJuly25todiscussandagreetoNanchang'sproposal.OnAugust1stNanchangUprising.OnAugust7th,theCommunistInternationalrepresentativeLuoMinnazpresidedoverameeting(theAugust7thmeeting),formallyremovedChenDuxiu(absent),appointedQuQiubaiasatemporarymemberofthePolitburoStandingCommittee,andpresidedovertheworkoftheCentralCommittee.AfterChenDuxiu,hebecamethesecondhighestleaderoftheCommunistPartyofChina.

InMarchandAprilof1928,theinterimstandingcommitteemadeself-criticism,whichbasicallyendedthenationwideleft-leaningblindmoveerrorinpractice.

HearrivedinMoscowinmid-May1928andhostedtheSixthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinainthetownofZvenigorodontheoutskirtsofMoscowinJune.Afterthat,hecontinuedtostayinMoscowandservedastheheadoftheCCP'sdelegationtotheCommunistInternationalfortwoyears.TheactualdirectleaderoftheCCPinChinawasLiLisanandXiangZhongfa.Inthesummerof1927,MiFuandWangMingfabricatedthe"JiangsuandZhejiangClassmatesAssociation"incident.Inthesummerof1929,WangMingandotherstookadvantageoftheanti-rightistQingpartymovementoftheCommunistPartytosetoffawaveofSunYat-senUniversity,helda"ten-daymeeting"toforma"twenty-eightandahalfBolsheviks",andeventuallyledtothe"disappearanceofQuQiubai'sthirdbrother,JingBai."".

Inthespringof1930,withthesupportoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheCommunistInternational,hewasremovedfromthepositionoftherepresentativeoftheCommunistPartyofChinainMoscowandreturnedtoChinawithhiswife.HewenttoShanghaionAugust26.AttheendofSeptember,theSixthThirdPlenarySessionoftheCentralCommitteewasheldtocriticizetheadventurismlineofsettingupthree.Since"theLisanlinewasnotrecognizedasfundamentallydifferentfromtheinternationalline",thecriticismoftheLisanlinewasnotthoroughenough.

OnJanuary7,1931,underthecontrolofMiff,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheSixthCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinShanghai.LiLisanwasexpelledfromtheCentralCommitteeandQuQiubaiwasalsoremovedfromthecentralleadershipposition.Sofar,MifuhasachievedthegoalofcontrollingtheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andWangMinghasalsorisentotheskyinonestep.AftergoingtoMoscowastherepresentativeoftheChineseCommunistPartytotheCommunistInternational,Bogu(QinBangxian)tookoverastheinterimheadoftheCentralCommittee.QuQiubaistayedinShanghaitorecuperate(tuberculosis),didliterarycreationandtranslation,forgedadeepfriendshipwithMaoDunandLuXun,andledtheleft-wingmovement.HewasorderedtoleaveShanghaiin1934.

OnFebruary5,1934,hearrivedinRuijin,thecentralrevolutionarybase,andservedasamemberoftheCentralExecutiveCommitteeoftheChineseSovietRepublic,amemberofthePeople'sEducationCommission,andtheMinisterofEducationoftheCentralGovernmentoftheChineseSovietRepublic.AftertheRedArmydecidedontheLongMarch,theyaskedtojointhearmyintheLongMarch,buttheywerestillleftinRuijin,whichwasabouttofall.

Arrestedforjustice

DuringtheLongMarch,themainforceoftheRedArmy,QuQiubaisufferedfromalungdiseaseandstayedinRuijin,Jiangxitoinsistonguerrillawarfare,andservedasthePropagandaDirectoroftheCentralBureauoftheCommunistPartyofChina.OnFebruary24,1935,inChangtingCounty,FujianProvince,hewasdiscoveredbythelocalreactionaryarmedsecuritygroupandwasarrestedforfailingtobreakthrough.Atthattime,underthepseudonymLinQixiang,hewasadoctorbyprofession.InearlyApril,theEighthDivisionoftheKuomintangcapturedXu,thewifeofWanYongcheng,secretaryoftheFujianProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andconfessedthatQuQiubaihadbeencapturedinChangtingCounty.TheKuomintangfoundQuQiubaiamongthecapturedpersonsbasedontheinformationprovidedbyXu.HealsoaskedthecapturedtraitorZhengDapeng,whohadbeenasenderandreceiver,toidentifyinthedark,confirmingthat"LinQixiang"wasindeedQuQiubai.

9. toukokuuta 1935 QuQiubai lähetettiin vaihtoon. Pidätyksensä aikana (23. toukokuuta) QuQiubai kirjoitti "Liittyneet sanat", ilmaisten kirjailijansa poliittisen uran käänteitä. Luohanling36-vuotiaana.

Henkilökohtainen elämä

Perheenjäsenet

Isoisoisä

>

QuXibao

epäpuhdas isoisä

>

QuGengfu

Isä

QuZhibin,ZiShiwei

QuShiwei on hyvä maalaus, miekkailu ja lääketiede.

Äiti

JinXuan,wordHengyu

Viramiehen tytär, joka on hyvää runoutta.

>

Entinen vaimo

WangJianhong

AnativeofYouyang,Sichuan,Tujia,on läheinen ystäväkuuluisan kirjailijan DingLinginShanghain yliopistossa.

Kakkosvaimo

>

YangZhihua

YangZhihuawasborninXiaoshan,Zhejiangin1900andstudiedatZhejiangWomen’sNormalSchool.

Tytär

QuDuyi,entinen nimiShenXiaoguang

BorninShanghaiin 1921,asi Neuvostoliitossa vuodesta 1928 vuoteen 1941,ja hänet määrättiin työskentelemään Xinhuan uutistoimistossa vuonna 1946.

EmotionalLife

WangJianhongin kanssa

Thefirstlover,WangJianhong,SheisaclosefriendofthefamouswriterDingLingatShanghaiUniversity,asmartwomanofthetimes.In1923,QuQiubaimetandfellinlovewithher,andtheymarriedinlessthanhalfayear.Unfortunately,afteronly7monthsofmarriage,WangJianhongdiedoftuberculosis.

YangZhihuan kanssa

Thesecondwife,YangZhihua,isQuDuyi’smother.BorninXiaoshan,Zhejiangin1900,sheisagentlemaninthefamily.Miss.In1922,YangZhihuawenttoShanghaialonetoparticipateinthewomen'smovement,metXiangJingyu,WangJianhongandothers,andwasadmittedtotheDepartmentofSociologyofShanghaiUniversityattheendof1923.HemarriedQuQiubaionNovember7,1924.

CoachingatShanghaiUniversity

In1923,QuQiubaibecamethedeanoftheDepartmentofSociologyatShanghaiUniversity.Hesaidthat"wemustusesomespiritandtakesomeresponsibilities",andstrivetomakeShanghaiUniversitya"centerofthenewculturalmovementintheSouth",andplannedamagnificentblueprintfortheschool'sfuture:theestablishmentofanacademyofsocialsciencesandanacademyofliteratureandart.SeparateDepartmentofSociology,DepartmentofEconomics,DepartmentofLaw,DepartmentofPhilosophy,DepartmentofHistory,DepartmentofPsychology,DepartmentofEducation;DepartmentofChineseLiterature,DepartmentofEnglishLiterature,DepartmentofRussianLiterature,DepartmentofFrenchLiterature,DepartmentofGermanLiterature;DepartmentofPainting,MusicDepartment,SculptureDepartmentandsoon.Studentsarerequiredtohavebasicknowledge,solidskills,andproficiencyinlanguagetools,suchasthefirstandsecondforeignlanguages,ancientcharacters,andtextualresearchmethods,andsoon.Weencouragestudentstoorganizeassociationsandresearchassociations,expresstheiropinionsfreely,invigoratetheacademicatmosphere,integrateacademicresearchandunderstandingofsociety,andcultivatestudents'abilitytoanalyzeproblemsandworkindependently.HeemphasizedthatShanghaiUniversityshouldbecontemporaryandrevolutionaryinordertoundertaketheimportanttaskoftransformingsociety.

QuQiubaiisdeterminedtoruntheDepartmentofSociology,makingitthelargestdepartmentofShanghaiUniversityandthestrongestandmostactivepositionoftherevolutionaryforces.CaiHesen,YunDaiying,XiaoChunv,etc.havealltaughthere.

QuQiubaisuccessivelyopenedcoursessuchas"ModernSocialPhilosophy","ModernSociology","ModernEthnicIssues","IntroductiontoSocialSciences","NewEconomicPolicy"andothercoursesforShanghaiUniversityandtheSummerSchoolLectureSocietyorganizedbyit..Throughthesecourses,hetaughtthestudentsthebasicknowledgeofalmostallaspectsofMarxistsocialscience,andarmedthestudents'minds.QuQiubai's"ModernSociology","IntroductiontoSocialSciences","SummaryofSocialPhilosophy"andthe"MaterialisticOverviewoftheUniverse"writtenlater,madeoutstandingcontributionstothespreadofMarxistphilosophyandthecreationofChineseproletarianphilosophy.

Päätyöt

"RedCapitalin historia"

"RussianTownshipJourney"

"ExtraWords"

p>

"GorkyCreationCollection"

"Todellisuusmarxilainen kirjallisuus ja taideesseitä"

"Ensimmäiset pääskysetYangtsejoen eteläosassa"

"BuSuanzi·YongMei"

"RedPlumPavilion"

"Krysanteemi"

"CryMother Run"

Character Evaluation

QuQiubai, yksi Kiinan varhaisen kommunistisen puolueen pääjohtajista, suuri marxilainen, merkittävä proletaarinen vallankumouksellinen, teoreetikko ja propagandan kannattaja, on kiinalainen yritysvallankumouksellinen johtajakirjallisuus.

MaoZedong ylistettiin suuresti hänsanoi:"Vaikeina evoluutionvuosina hän vaati sankarillista kantaansa ja haluaisi mennä teloittajan teurastajaveitsen luokseen.Hänen työskentelyhenkensä ihmisille, tämä uskomatontahtoinenvarattui aina." onKommentti)

CharacterMemorial

TheQuQiubaiMartyrsMemorialHallwasofficiallyopenedinChangtingonOctober17,2006.TheQuQiubaiMartyrsMemorialHallwasbuiltundertheWestLuohanRidgeofChangtingCounty.Itcoversanareaof​​morethan590squaremetersandabuildingareaof​​990squaremeters.Preparationsbeganin2005.Aftercompletion,itwillbeintegratedwiththeNationalPatriotismEducationDemonstrationBaseQuQiubaiMartyrsMonumentforcentralizeddisplay.ThegloriouslifeofQuQiubai.

OnOctober19,1980,theGeneralOfficeoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaforwardedtheCentralCommissionforDisciplineInspection"ReexaminationReportontheArrestofComradeQuQiubai."The"ReviewReport"pointedout:AfterbeingarrestedbytheKuomintang,ComradeQuQiubaiinsistedontheparty'sstand,maintainedtherevolutionaryethics,anddemonstratedhiscouragetoregarddeathashomeandcalmdown.ItiscompletelywrongtoslanderComradeQuQiubaiasa"traitor"duringthe"CulturalRevolution".Heshouldbecompletelyrehabilitatedandhisreputationrestored.

In1985,itwaslistedasaprovincialculturalrelicsprotectionunit.In1987,itwaslistedasanationalkeymartyrsmemorialbuildingprotectionunit,andin2001,itwaslistedasthesecondbatchofnationalpatriotismeducationbases.

TheQuQiubaiMemorialHallisalsobuiltinChangzhou,Jiangsu.ItwasoriginallytheQuFamilyAncestralHallinthewestofthecity(QuQiubai'suncleQuGengfudonatedmoneytobuilditwhenhewasthegovernorofHubeiduringtheGuangxuperiodoftheQingDynasty).Itcoversanareaof​​1,025squaremeters,dividedintotwoparts.Eachhasfourentrancestothecompound.Duetopoverty,QuQiubai'sfamilylivedintheeastcourtyardoftheancestralhallfrom1912to1916.Therearewellsheusedinthemuseum,aswellaspreciousitemssuchasclothing,brushes,manuscripts,andphotographsheusedduringhislifetime.

Elokuva-televisiokuva

Vuoden 2011 elokuva "The Foundingofthe Party": XuHaiqiaoplayedQuQiubai;

The2014movie"Storm1927":LiuZhibingplayedQuQiubai;

Vuoden 2017 elokuva "The FoundingofanArmy": BaiKeplaysQuQiubai.

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