Introduction
Scienceastheresearchobjectofscience,mainlyreferstonaturalscience,andbroadlyspeaking,itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience.Theemergenceofscienceofscienceoriginatedfromthesocialresearchofnaturalscience,andthedevelopmentofscienceofsciencemanifestedinthedevelopmentofresearchontherelationshipbetweennaturalscienceandsociety.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehaveproposedexpandingscienceastheobjectofscientificstudiestoincludeallsciencestophilosophy,andsomehavestartedresearchessuchassocialsciencesandphilosophy,butsofar,mostpeoplethinkthatscienceThesubjectofresearchisbasedonnaturalsciences.
Naturalscienceastheresearchobjectofscienceisabroadnaturalscience.Itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience,butalsoinvolvestechnicalandengineeringissuesthatarecloselyrelatedtonaturalscience.
Infact,thestudyofscienceofscienceisnotlimitedtoscienceandtechnologyitself,butincludesthefollowingthreemainaspects:oneisabouttheresearchofscienceandtechnology,andtheotherisaboutthetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalresearchresultstoactualproductivity.Thestudyoftransformation,thethirdisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomyandsociety.Theintegrationofthesethreeaspectsisthescientificandtechnologicalundertakingsinsociety.Therefore,tobemoreprecise,sciencecanbeunderstoodasasciencethattakestheentirescientificandtechnologicalundertakingastheobject,studiestheobjectivelawsofmovementofscienceandtechnologyitselfandtherelationshipbetweenscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety,andstudieshowtomakeuseofsuchobjectivelaws.Thescienceofapplyingprinciples,principlesandmethodstopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety.
Subjectcontent
Theresearchobjectandpurposeofscienceofsciencestipulatetwoaspectsofthemaincontentofscienceofscience:ontheonehand,thecontentofknowledgeaboutthecauseofscienceandtechnology,ontheotherhand,Howtousetheapplicationcontentofthisknowledge.Thecontentofknowledgeincludesthenature,characteristics,classification,systemstructure,socialfunction,developmentlaw,futuretrend,etc.ofscienceandtechnology.Theyaregeneralizationsandsummariesofthecognitionofobjectiveobjects,havetheformofsystemtheory,andconstitutethebasictheoryofscience,sothispartofitcanbecalledtheoreticalscience.Theapplicationcontentincludestheprinciples,principlesandmethodsofformulatingscienceandtechnologydevelopmentstrategies,plans,policies,andtheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyundertheguidanceofbasictheories,etc.Theyaretheuseoflawsandtheories,sothisbigPartofitcanbecalledAppliedScience.Usingthetheoreticalfoundationsandapplicationprinciplesprovidedbythesetwoaspects,itispossibletofurthercarryoutresearchondevelopmentaltopicsandguidethesolutionofvariousspecificproblemsinscientificandtechnologicalundertakings.
Sincethecontentoftheoreticalscienceandappliedscienceeachincludemanydifferentaspects,thein-depthandexpandedresearchandresearchresultsofthesedifferentaspectshaveformedmanyrelatedsciencesThesub-disciplineoflearning.Thebranchdisciplinesoftheoreticalsciencenowincludescientificsystems,scientificcompetence,scientificsociology,scientificeconomics,scientificlogic,scientometrics,scientificmethodology,scientificpsychology,scientificethics,scientificaesthetics,andsoon.Thesub-disciplinesofappliedsciencesincludesciencestrategy,scienceplanning,sciencepolicy,sciencesystemscience,sciencemanagementscience,sciencetalentscience,scienceeducationandsoon.However,theboundariesbetweentheoreticalscienceandappliedsciencearerelativeinmanyplaces,especiallybetweenbranchesofdisciplines,whichoftenoverlaporoverlaptovaryingdegrees.
Relatedinformation
Fromtheresearchcontentofscience,wecanunderstandtheimportanceofresearchingscience.Scienceofsciencecanhelppeopleincreasetheirawarenessandattentiontothesocialroleofscienceandtechnology;itcanprovideatheoreticalbasisforthecountrytoformulateroutes,strategies,andpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;itcanpromotetherationalizationandefficiencyoftheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnology;itcanhelpScienceandtechnologyresearchersexpandthebreadthofknowledge,advancethedepthofthinking,andimproveinnovationcapabilities,andsoon.Whenitcomestothekeypositionofscienceandtechnologyinmodernization,themeaningofscienceiseasiertounderstand.
Theresearchobject,purposeandcontentofthescienceofsciencejointlydeterminethenatureofthescienceofscience.Althoughtheresearchobjectofscienceofscienceisscienceandtechnology,itdoesnotstudyspecificspecializedscienceandtechnology,butregardsscienceandtechnologyasasocialphenomenonandsocialdepartmentalsystemandstudiesitfromasocialperspective.Therefore,thedisciplinarynatureofscienceisnotnaturalscience,butsocialscienceservingthedevelopmentofnaturalscience.However,asasocialscience,sciencehasitsparticularity;itnotonlyintersectswithnaturalsciences,butalsointersectswithvarioussocialsciences,andevenintersectswithmathematicsandevencertainengineeringtechniques.Therefore,althoughscienceofscienceisbasicallyasocialscience,itisalsoakindofcross-science.Itisacharacteristicofsoftscience,anditsdifferentbrancheshavedifferentemphasesandintersections.
Joitakin tieteenteoksia on käännetty ja esitelty maassani 1940-luvulta lähtien.Bernardin "Tieteen sosiaalinen toiminto", ZhangZimein kääntämä, julkaisi kaupallinen lehdistö"ScienceandSocialismB"-otsikon alla 0000-luvulla maamme oli satunnainen.Vuonna 1977 maani kuuluisa tiedemies QianXujulkaisi artikkelin, jossa kehotettiin kehittämään tieteellistä tutkimusta. Siitä lähtien tieteentiede on siirtynyt uuteen vaiheeseen voimakkaasta kehityksestä maassani. ,kolmannen ja neljännen kerran pidettiin vuosina 1981, 1983 ja 1985. Vuonna 1979,kansallinen" ScienceLiaisonGroup"perustettiin. Vuonna 1983 "ChineseScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearch Association" julkistettiin.ScientistProfessor QianSanqiang valittiin hallituksen puheenjohtajaksi.Vuoteen 1979 mennessä ensimmäinen"ScienceandzinecManjance,TiechandzinecManjIngaT-maita ing,italissajulkaistu myös"ScienceResearch"ja"ScienceTranslationSeries",joista molemmat ovat kansallisen tiedeakatemian virastojulkaisuja.Nyt on 20 tieteellistä julkaisua valtakunnallisesti.Monet.Tieteellinen monografia on julkaistu peräkkäin"Tieteessä" , jaWangXingcheng,ja"ScienceFoundation?Rangaistus?983"muokannutXiaYulong,LiuJi,FengZhijun,ZhangNianchun jne."Science"(1985)muokannut GuanXipuandTangBuhua ja"IntroductiontoScience.1ha8Capability"
Althoughscienceofscienceisanewsubject,However,itsdevelopmentathomeandabroadisveryrapid,soithasitshistoricalbackgroundandpracticalreasons.Fromthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,sciencebegantowalkinfrontoftechnologyandproduction.Sincethe20thcentury,sciencehasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Obviouslyithasbecomethemainsourceofadvancedproductivity,thekeytothecountry’smodernization,thepillarofnationalstrength,andthefocusofinternationalcompetition.Theinfluenceofscienceisincreasingsignificantly,butatthesametimecertainnegativeeffectsofsciencehavebeendiscovered.InthiswayUnderthecircumstances,asBernardsaid,scienceneeds"self-awareness",itneedstostudyitsdevelopmentstrategy,anditneedstoenablesciencetobetterbenefitmankind.Therefore,itisnecessarytocorrectlyunderstandthestructureofscienceitself,understanditsrelationshipwithsocietyandThelawofitsmovement,thecorrectformulationofroutes,strategiesandpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheeffectiveorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyhavebecomeprominentissuesfacingeachcountry.ThisisthebasisfortherapiddevelopmentofscienceandThereasonwhyscienceofsciencehasgreatpracticalsignificance.