Levityshistoria
TangDynasty
Ensimmäinen löytö
In627,inChencangshan,FengxiangMansion,Shaanxi(InBeihan,Shigushan,BaojiCity,anoldshepherdfound10strangegraniteboulders.Thesehugestonebodiesareshapedlikedrums,roundandsquare,narrowinthetopandlargeinthebottom,about3feethigh,slightlyconvexinthemiddle,andpeculiarinappearance.Whatispuzzlingisthatwhenthesoilonalargerockiscleared,alargenumberofmysteriouswordsarerevealed,andthebrushworkissostrangethatnoonecanunderstandit.Asaresult,rumorsscattered,andstrangetheorieswerefrequent.Evenvillagerscamehereafterhearingthewind,burningincenseandbowingdown,astonishedasagod-givenfetish.
Sincethen,ChenCanghassuddenlybecomelively.Literatiandinkguestshavecomeheretogetaglimpseofwhattheyare,andexplorethewritingsonthestonetosearchforfamousscholars.Thereareevenbigplayershangingheavymoneytosolvepuzzles.However,themysteryofthetexthasnotonlybeenuncovered,buthasbecomemagicalthroughfolkrumors.
TheAnshiRebellion
Morethan100yearslater,the"AnshiRebellion"brokeout,andtheTangdynastywasprecariousintheflamesofwar.TangSuzong,whowasavoidingwarinYongcheng,heardtherumorsofthestonedrumandwascurious.Heorderedthestategovernmentofficialstotransportthe10strangestonestoChencangMountainandmovethemtothesouthofYongcheng,whichwaslaterthesouthofFengxiangCounty,andwasstationedhere.Ahundredofficialsofthecivilandmilitarytoenjoythefun.
ShiguwasmovedtoYongchenginjustafewmonths,anditwasintroublewiththeadventofwar.WhentherebelsapproachedFengxiang,hundredsofcivilandmilitaryofficialsoftheManchudynastyfled.Inordertoavoidthewar,Shiguwashurriedlymovedtothewildernesstobeburiedanddeclaredtobe"lost".Foratime,theworldregrettedit.
Etsi maasta uudelleen
Twoyearsafterthestonedrumwasburied,the"AnshiRebellion"wassettledandtheworldwaspeaceful.ThefateofChenCangShigualsousheredinaturningpoint.In806AD,thelocalofficialsvisitedtheburiedplaceofthestonedrumandaskedthefamousexpertsintheareatopresideovertheexcavation.HanYualsosentalettertothecourt,requestingthatthestonedrumbemovedtotheImperialCollegeinBeijingforsafekeepingandre-establishmentofhisacademicstudies.However,HanYu'srequestwasnottakenseriouslybythecourt,andthememorialwasbackloggedinthecourtfor8years.
In814AD,ZhengYuqingtookupthepostofFengxiangyin,part-timeGuoziJijiu,inchargeofnationalacademiceducationandculturalundertakings.HehappenedtoseeHanYu'smemorial,whichhadbeeninthedustforalongtime,andwasdeeplymovedbyit.Therefore,thecourtwasreplayed,hopingtoproperlykeeptheChenCangShigu.Asaresult,thestonedrumsexposedinthewildernessweremovedtothelocalConfucianTemple.
Therebirthofthestonedrumisalreadyeroded,andthehandwritingonthestonedrumisincomplete,whichhasattractedthesighofcountlessfamousscholars.What'sevenmoreregrettableisthatbecauseithasbeenabandonedinthewilderness,oneofthestonedrumsisunexpectedlylost.Thisistheoriginalstonedrumthatoncecausedasensationintheworldandoftencausedacademicdisputesinthepastdynasties.
Thenine-sidedstonedrumstayedunsteadyintheFengxiangConfucianTemple.Morethan90yearslater,theonceprosperousLiTangDynastysuddenlycollapsedinsuccessivewars.WhatisregrettableisthattheFengxiangConfucianTemplewasburneddownduringthewar,andtheninestonedrumshiddeninthetemplewerealsostolen.ChencangStoneDrum,re-escapedintheCaomangRiverandLakeinthetroubledtimes.
SongDynasty
The Northern SongDynastyCultural Relics Falsification ProjectOhjaajaSimaGuangin isä SimaChi
WhentheNorthernSongDynastydominatedtheworldandgraduallywipedoutAftertheprincesofonesidewereseparated,theeconomyandcultureofthewholecountrywererestoredinjustafewdecadesandmadealeap.WhenSongRenzongconsultedthehistoricalarchivesleftoverfromthepreviousdynasty,heaccidentallydiscoveredalegendaboutthestonedrum,andhebecamekeenlyinterestedinthecentury-oldChencangstonedrum.
SongRenzongisawell-knownpaintingandcalligraphyemperorinChinesehistory.Hedidnothesitatetousehigh-rankingofficialstopaygenerouslytomaketheworld'stalentedpeoplesearchandfindthewhereaboutsofChenCangShigu.
SimaChin jälkeenSimaGuangin isä, joka oli Fengxiangin prefekti silloin, kuuliuutiset, yritti parhaansa löytää legendaariset 10 isoa rokkaa, yrittäen antaa kuninkaan suosion.
Afterseveraltwistsandturns,SimachifinallybroughtbacktheChenCangShigu,whichhaddisappearedforahundredyears.Unfortunately,only9stonedrumswerefound,andtheoriginalstonedrumsthatwerelostasearlyastheendoftheTangDynastystillhavenotrace.
TheimpatientSimaChiusedaclumsytrick,privatelysendingcraftsmentocollectsimilarstonesovernight.Soon,heimitatedafake"originalstonedrum"withreferencetotherubbingsofstonedrums.ThistrickreallymadehimwinRenzong'spraiseforhisamazingwork.
It'sapitythatthewell-learnedSongRenzongandthefamousscholarswhocameherequicklydistinguishedtheforgedstonedrums.SimaChiwasawardedarewardforhisoutstandingachievements,andhewasconvictedofforgeryanddeceivingtheemperor.
Nine-facedstonedrumsappearedintheworld,andexperiencedaturmoilofforgery,sothemissing"OriginalStoneDrums"immediatelybecamefamousintheworld.Itisbelievedthatitsvaluecanbeoneenemynine,andthenitcausedthetyrantstospendthousandsofdollars.Jinlooksforthetrendof"makingoriginalstonedrums".However,itwasnotuntil1052,whenXiangChuanshi,aJinshicollector,arrivedinFengxiangthatthebrokenhistoryofShigugainedaturningpoint.
Kadonnut "ZuoyuanStoneDrum" löydettiin teurastajatalosta
XiangChuanshiwasawell-knowncollectorofgoldandstoneintheNorthernSongDynasty.TheoriginalrelationshipwiththestonedrumcamefromarubbingoftheTaishistonedrumtextheobtainedwithalotofmoney.Whencomparingtherubbingsofotherstonedrumsinhishand,heunexpectedlydiscoveredthatthisnewrubbingactuallyretainedthewords"astheoriginalstonedrum".Butinfact,the"OriginalStoneDrum"hasbeenlostformorethan200years,anditisimpossibleforanewrubbingtocomeout.Otherwise,howcouldSongRenzongpostyellowlistsallovertheworldforhigh-rankingofficialsandheavygold?
Thediscoveryoftherubbingofthe"OriginalStoneDrum"madeMasterXiangawakeallnight.Aftermanyinvestigations,itwasfinallyfoundthatthisrubbingoriginatedfromtheTaifamilyinGuanzhong.Forfearoflongnightsanddreams,heimmediatelypreparedhishorseandsetoff.
WhenhearrivedatTaishiVillage,hewascompletelystunnedbythesightinfrontofhim.ItturnedoutthattheTaishifamilyalldiedoftheplaguesixmonthsago.Inordertopreventthespreadoftheplague,thegovernmentburnedallTai'shouseandproperty.ThisbadnewsisathunderboltintheblueskyforXiangChuanshi,whohastraveledthousandsofmiles.
Hewasexhaustedphysicallyandmentallyandfoundaninntosettledowninaverydisappointedmood.Thenextmorning,MasterXiangwasawakenedbythesoundofsharpeningaknifefromthebackyard.Itturnedoutthatabutcheratthebackoftheinnwassharpeningaknife.Hewalkedtothedoorofthebutcher.Hesawthatthebutcherwassharpenedwithcoldlight.Whatsurprisedtheteacherwasthewhetstoneusedbythebutcher.Althoughitwaswornout,thereweresomeKindofastonedrumstyle.Heapproachedandtookacloserlook,andsomefamiliarhandwritingfaintlyappearedonthewhetstonewasfaintlydiscernible.Itturnsoutthatthisisthe"OriginalStoneDrum"thathasbeenmissingformorethan200yearsandhasattractedthelingeringdreamsofthepeopleofseveraldynastiesandgenerations.
Thestonedrumhaschangedbeyondrecognition.Theupperparthasbeencutoffbythevillagers,themiddleiscutintoaconcaveshapeforpoundingrice,andthetwobrokensidesontheupperpartareusedbythebutchertosharpenknives.Mostofthetextonthestonedrumwasrubbedoffanddamagedseverely,leavingonlytheremaining4linesoftext.
Soon,theprefectofFengxiangreceivedalettertothepreacher.So,theymobilizedsoldiersandrushedtoGuanzhongovernighttoprotectShiguandXiangChuanshibacktoFengxiang.ThenhesentShigutoBianliang.Forhismeritoriousworkinsearchingforstonedrums,MasterXiangreceivedmanyawardsfromthecourtandobtainedasetofrubbingsofstonedrums.
Toistaiseksi 10 kivirumpua on vihdoin yhdistynyt, mutta niiden kohtalo ajautuminen pois jatkuu.
ShiguDianpein kohtalo on ollut vaikea lopettaa kaksinkertainen sodat
SongHuizong,whoclaimstobe"theworld'sfirstscholar",isanothercalligraphyandpaintingoftheNorthernSongDynastyEmperor.OntheissueofShigu,henotonlyinheritedtheobsessionofSongRenzong,thepredecessor,butevenmorespoiled.In1110AD,afterthe"OriginalStoneDrum"wastransportedtothecapital,the10stonedrumswereofficiallytransferredtoTaixueforpreservation.Later,hemovedintotheBaoheHalltoaccompanyeachotherdayandnight.
Inthefuture,SongHuizongunexpectedlycameupwithawhim,andorderedthefillingofgoldbetweenthetextslotsonthe10stonedrumsandagoldenbodyforit.
DuringthechangeofJingkang,JinbingattackedBianliang,tooktheEmperorHuiandQinabducted,andwasescortedtoprisonintheNortheastWasteland.The10stonedrumswereregardedastreasuresbythegoldsoldiersbecauseofthegoldfilledinthedrumbody,andfollowedthelootedEmperorHuiqinandmovednorth.
AfterthestonedrumsweretransportedtoYanjing,thegoldpeoplewhodidnotknowtheCentralPlainsculturedidnotdiscoveritsvalue.Theyonlyremovedthegoldfilledonthestonedrumsanddiscardedtheminthewilderness.Sofar,Shiguwaslostforthethirdtimeduetowar.
Yuan, MingandQingDynasties
Piilotu Yanjingissa
In1234,thecombinedforcesoftheSouthernSongandMongoliaattackedYanjingandfollowedthearmyBychance,WangLi,thedoctorofthecensorship,discovered10stonedrumshiddenintheruins.WangQiwasborninFengxiangguoCounty(nowChencangDistrict,BaojiCity),andhadthesamerootandoriginasShigu.HekeptitintheConfucianTempleandaskedforspecialcaregiver.AftertheYuan,Ming,andQingdynasties,ShiguneverleftBeijing.
Modern
However,thestabledaysofthe10-facedstonedruminBeijingonlylasteduntilthe1930s.AftertheJapanesewarofaggressionagainstChinabrokeout,the10stonedrumscontinuedtomovealongwiththeNationalTreasuresoftheForbiddenCity.AfterashortstayinNanjing,theyweretransportedtoChongqingwithdifficulty.
AfterthevictoryoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,thesestonedrumsweretransportedbacktoNanjingfromChongqing.Dangersaboundedduringthetransportation.Thecarcarryingthestonedrumhasexperiencedtworolloveraccidents,andthe10stonedrumsalmostsufferedanothercalamity.
AftertheLiberationWarbrokeout,ChiangKai-sheksawthatthegeneralsituationwasover,andmadepreparationstoretreatinahurry,andtransportedalargenumberofnationaltreasuresandculturalrelicstoTaiwan.Atthistime,ChenCangShigu,whichhadbeensentbacktoBeijing'sForbiddenCityforcustody,washurriedlytransportedtotheairport.Butbeforetakeoff,thepilotreportedthattheplanewasseriouslyoverloadedandcouldnotguaranteeflightsafety.Afterrepeateddiscussionswithagroupofpeople,the10stonedrumshadtobeleftbehind,andtheywereeventuallypreserved.
ThefateofShigu’sdriftinganddriftinghasalwaysbeencloselyrelatedtothesufferingsthattheChinesenationhasexperienced.Thefragmentedhistoryitcarriesandtheunsolvedmysteriesshrouditmakeitintheupsanddownsofhistory.Itismoreuniqueandpreciousinthetide.
Characteristicsofculturalrelics
Therearetenstonedrums,twofeethigh,andmorethanonefootindiameter.Theylooklikeabulge,butthetopisthin,thebottomisthickandthetopisslightlyrounded(actuallyintheshapeofablock),duetotheinscriptionThereisalotoftalkaboutfishingandhunting,soitisalsocalled"hunting."Thefour-characterpoem,whichisdividedintotenpoemsinXianwen,hasmanycharactersthathavebeenobliterated,andthereisnocharacterintheninthdrum.
Vaikka 10-pintaisen kiven rummun teksti on itsenäinen, se on varma yhteys. Se on pitkä runo, joka kuvaa Qin-dynastian aristokraattisen luokan metsästystä.Runot, joissa on kaksi rumpua ("ThousandMianDrum" ja "ChegongDrum".) ovat suhteellisen.
"Miangu"describesthebeautifulsceneryofQianheRiver.Theoriginalmeaningoftheoriginaltextis:"Underthecurvaceouswillows,thegurglingwaterinLiheisclearandtransparent,catfishandcarpareingroupsinthewater,thegentlemanisfishing,therearemanysmallfishswimmingslowly,andthewhitefisharerushingtoeat.Waterplants,yellowandwhitefishandfish,theshadowsareclearlyvisibleontherocksatthebottomoftheriver."Thisisabeautifulmood,whichmakespeoplesighandintoxicate."ChegongDrum"describesthesceneofQinGongouthunting.ShengYan'smanyvehicles,thebeautyofthehornedbowandthesceneofshootingarrowswiththebowandchasingtheprey.
"TiancheDrum":QinGongin ja matkan suuren safarin kuvaus.
"LuangDrum":QinGongin Guochengin kautta kulkevan matkan kuvaus.Luangautot roikkuvat punajousina ja punaisena, ja ihmiset ovat saalista saalista. Tällä hetkellä yleisö ei pidä esteestä ja on erittäin vilkasta.
"YuyuDrum":AdescriptionofwhatQinGongandhisentouragesawfromalowplacewhentheywalkedtheLiheRiver.
"Alkuperäinen rumpu":Se kuvaa alkuperäisen paikan korjauskohtaa vuorella.
"WuPeople's Drum":Kuvaus ihmisistä, jotka kiirehtivät uhrautumaan QinGongille.
"MyWaterDrum":DescribesthebeautifulriversandmountainsofQinStatewithclearwatersandflatroads.
"TeacherDrum":NarrateQinGongin runot.
"MaJiangu": Kuvaus metsästyksestä palaavien kohtausten kohtauksista.
Kivirummun hahmot
Kivikirjoitukset
Kivirummun sanojen vuoksi kivirummun arvo kaksinkertaistui, mikä oli tuolloin suuresti ylistettyjen tutkijoiden ja kirjailijoiden keskuudessa. pehmeästi ja terävästi, mutta on suora ja nopea, kuin rautaneula, mutta on pehmeä ja hellä."" "StoneDrum" on kuin kultarengas, ja ZhicaoTuanyun ei ole ongelmia korjata itsensä." Tuolloin kalligrafit, kuten YuShinan, ChuSuiliang, OuyangXun jne. ihailivat kivirumpua ja kopioitiin sitä henkilökohtaisesti.Zhao. DuFu, SuShi, HanYu jne., kirjoitti runoja Shigulle.
"ZhangShengholdsthestonedruminscription,persuadingmetotrythestonedrumsong"—HanYu'swordsrecordthehistoryofQinbeforeunification.
Stonedrumwriting,alsoknownas"Liejie"or"YongyiCarvedStone",istheearliestextantstoneinscriptioninChina.Withoutaspecificdate,bothWeiYingwuofTangDynastyandHanYu's"StoneDrumSong"areconsideredtobestonecarvingsintheperiodofKingZhouXuan.SongDynastyOuyangXiu's"ShiguPostscript"hasthreedoubts,butstillbelievesthatitbelongstoZhouXuanWangShiShiLai.SongZhengQiao's"TongZhilue"believedthatthe"StoneDrum"wasapre-Qinthing,madeafterKingHuiwenandbeforeShiHuang.BothLuoZhenyu's"ShiguwenTextualResearch"andMaXulun's"ShiguwenShuji"areconsideredtobeartifactsofQinWengong'stime,andtheyarenotverydifferentfromWeiandHan's,onlyseventeenyears.AccordingtoGuoMoruo'stextualresearch,the"Shigu"waswrittenintheeighthyearofQinXianggong,whichisclosertoKingXuan.ThedifferenceisduetoShiLai'shandwritingorQinChen'shandwritingatthetimeofKingXuan.
Hisbookishand-writtenbyShiLai.Hispostureisgrandiose,roundandunrestrained,withvigoroustemperament,strongandsoft,andtheancientMaoissimpleandunpretentious.Horizontalandvertical,rigorousandneat,makinggooduseofthecenter,thestrokethicknessisbasicallythesame,somearesymmetricalandstraight,andsomecharactersarejagged,closetoXiaozhuanwithouttherigidityofXiaozhuan.Intermsofthelayoutofthecomposition,althoughthecharactersareindependent,buttheyalsonoticedtherelationshipbetweenupanddown,leftandright,andthestrengthofthepenisextremelyprominentinthestonecarvings.Intheancientcalligraphy,itcanbecalleduniqueandunique.of.
KangYouweicalledit"likethelandofthegoldendynasty,thecloudofgrassandgrass,itdoesnotbotherme,anditisunique."Hiscalligraphyisthecharactersofthetransitionperiodfromthebigsealtothesmallseal.Chasingbigsealsandgoingtoschoolforsmallseals,nothingislost.Latergenerationsofseallearnersareregardedasauthentic,andallofthemarestudying.YangYisun,WuDacheng,WuChangshuo,WangFu'an,etc.areallabletodothis.
Rubbings
TherubbingsofstonedruminscriptionsexistedintheTangDynasty,buttheyhavenotbeenhandeddown.SongAnguo'scollectionofstonedrumsfromSongDynastywassoldbyQinWenjinoftheRepublicofChinatoTsuenluKawai,Tokyo,Japan.Inaddition,theearlyrubbingscirculatedinthesocietyincludetheNorthernSongDynasty's"Pioneer","Zhongquan",and"Stamina".Amongthem,theTianyiPavilionTibetanNorthernSongDynastyTuocun422-charactercopyisthemost.However,theoriginalTakuyahaslost,andnowIcanonlyseethephotosofthesethreerubbingscollectedbyGuoMoruoinJapaninthe1930s.TheSongrubbing"Pioneer"inthecollectionofAnguo,andaphotocopyoftheOldCommercialPressandCulturalRelicsPublishingHouse,areincludedinthebook"StoneDrumLiteratureResearch"byGuoMoruo.Therearephotocopiesof"Zhongquan"bytheShanghaiYiyuanZhenshouSocietyandtheJapaneseYakudoHall.Thereisaphotocopyof"Stamina"inthe"BookMarksSeries"publishedbytheZhonghuaBookCompanyandNixuanshaofJapan.Thethirdissueof"Calligraphy"in1984,ShanghaiCalligraphyandPaintingPublishingHouse,alsopublishedtheSongTuophotocopyofShiguwen.
Controversyoverculturalrelics
ControversyOne
Theageofstonedrumcarvinghasnotbeenfinalized.WeiYingwuandHanYu’s"StoneDrumSong""ItisconsideredtobeastonecarvedduringtheperiodofKingZhouXuan,andOuyangXiu's"ShiguPostscript"isalsoconsideredtobetheworkofZhouXuanKingShiShiLai.LuoZhenyu's"StoneGuwen"isconsideredtobethetimeofQinWengong,ortheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesinthe6thcenturyAD.GuoMoruothoughtofthetimeofQinXianggong,andTangLankaoregardeditastheinscriptioninthe11thyearofQinXiangong(374BC).MaHeng,theformerdeanofthePalaceMuseum,identifiedthestonedrumsinthePre-Qinperiodinthe"StoneGuWenqinInscriptionsonStones",butthespecificdatesaredifferent.
Kiista2
The10bigstonesshouldbeordered,andthe10longpoemscarvedonthestonedrumnaturallyhavetheirorder.Unfortunately,whenShiguwasdiscoveredinthewilderness,noonepaidmuchattentiontothisdetail.Afterwards,itmigratedseveraltimes,whichmadethetextualresearchmoredifficult.
Kuitenkin menneiden dynastioiden tutkijat, joita kutsutaan edelleen kahdeksi ensimmäiseksi hahmoksi, jotka perustuvat kivirummun sanoihin, nimittäin 汧沔gu,lathedrum,Tianchedrum,Luanchedrum,Zhiyudrum,Zuoyuandrum.,AndShigu,MaJianguyversionofJshigu,shiiangu,wurechomadevar. heidän puolestaan, mutta he eivät onnistuneet vakuuttamaan maailmaa.
Kulttuurijäännösten arviointi
Yksi kaupunkien kansallisista aarteista, GreatQin-Imperiumin "Dongfanghong".
AsfortheexactdateofShiguwen,scholarshavebeendiscussingandproposingvariousopinionsforthousandsofyears.Sofar,thereisnodefiniteconclusionthatcanbeagreedbyeveryone.ManyscholarsbelievethatitistheworkofQinJinggong.Mr.GaoMingdiscussedthisissueagainandputforwardnewinsights.Heisbasedonthethreeevidencesofthestonedrumcharacter,thecarvingtoolsandthetitleofQinJun.
ItisbelievedthatthetimeofstonedruminscriptionsshouldbeinthelateWarringStatesperiod.KingHuiwenQinistheonlyonewhocanbecalledboththepublicandtheheir.Thisismoreinlinewiththecontentofthestonedruminscriptions.Thecharactercharacteristicsandcarvingtoolsalsobelongtothisperiod.Mr.TangLanoncepointedoutthatbothChuWenandShiHuangcarvedstonescameoutlate,andbelievedthatthestonedrumshouldbeinthefirstfourcenturies(thetimeofofferingtothepublic).GilbertLMattos(MaJidao),whenstudyingQinShigu,alsobelievedthattheatmosphereofstonecarvingappearedrelativelylateinChina,sothestonedrumshouldbeaworkofthefirstfivecenturies.ThecombinationofthisinsightandcleverperspectivecanprovideamorereasonableexplanationfortheargumentthatShiguwenwasproducedinthelateWarringStatesperiod.