Basicconcepts
Variousapplicationsoftware,althoughthecompletedtasksaredifferent,theyallneedsomecommonbasicoperations,suchasobtainingdatafrominputdevicesandsendingdatatooutputdevices.Senddata,writedatatoexternalstorage,readdatafromexternalstorage,routinemanagementofdata,etc.Thesebasictasksarealsocompletedbyaseriesofinstructions.Peoplegrouptheseinstructionstogethertoformspecialsoftwaretosupporttheoperationofapplicationsoftware.Thiskindofsoftwareiscalledsystemsoftware.Generallyspeaking,thesystemsoftwareincludestheoperatingsystemandaseriesofbasictools(suchascompiler,databasemanagement,memoryformatting,filesystemmanagement,userauthentication,drivemanagement,networkconnectionandothertools),whichsupportscomputersystemsThepartofthesoftwarethatrunsnormallyandimplementsuseroperations.
Thesystemsoftwareisgenerallycarriedwiththecomputersystemwhenpurchasingit,oritcanbeinstalledseparatelyasneeded.
Ominaisuudet
Järjestelmäohjelmiston pääominaisuudet ovat:
*Sillä on vahva vuorovaikutus laitteiston kanssa
*CanshareresourcesCarryingoutschedulingmanagement
*Itcansolvethecoordinationproblemsexistinginconcurrentoperationprocessing
*Thedatastructureiscomplex,andtheexternalinterfaceisdiversified,whichisconvenientforuserstouserepeatedly
Maincategories
Whilethesystemsoftwareprovidestheabove-mentionedbasicfunctionsfortheapplicationsoftware,italsomanagesthehardware,sothatdifferentapplicationsoftwarerunningsimultaneouslyorsuccessivelyonacomputercanusethehardwareequipmentinanorderlymanner..Forexample,twoapplicationsoftwaremuststoreandmodifydatatotheharddisk.Ifthereisnocoordinationandmanagementorganizationtodelineatetheareaforthem,itwillinevitablyleadtomutualdestructionofeachother'sdata.
Edustava järjestelmäohjelmisto sisältää:
Käyttöjärjestelmä
Käyttöjärjestelmä hallitsee tietokoneen laitteistoa, jotta sovellusohjelmistot voivat käyttää näitä laitteita kätevästi ja tehokkaasti. Yhteisiä mikrotietokoneita ovat: DOS, WINDOWS, UNIX, OS/2 jne.
Themostimportantandbasicthingincomputersoftwareistheoperatingsystem(OS).Itisthelowestlevelsoftware,whichcontrolsalltheprogramsrunningonthecomputerandmanagestheresourcesoftheentirecomputer.Itisthebridgebetweenthebaremetalofthecomputerandtheapplicationsandusers.Withoutit,userscannotusecertainsoftwareorprograms.
Käyttöjärjestelmä (5 kuvaa)
Theoperatingsystemisthecontrolandmanagementcenterofthecomputersystem.Fromtheperspectiveofresources,ithasaprocessor,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,andfilemanagement.4functions.
ThecommonlyusedsystemsincludeDOSoperatingsystem,WINDOWSoperatingsystem,UNIXoperatingsystem,Linux,Netwareandotheroperatingsystems.
Languageprocessingprogram
CompiledsoftwareCPUexecuteseachinstructionandonlycompletesaverysimpleoperation.Asystemsoftwareorapplicationsoftwarecancostthousandsorevenhundredsofmillions.Acombinationofinstructions.Writingsoftwaredirectlywithbasicinstructionsisanextremelyarduousanddifficulttask.
Computerscanonlydirectlyrecognizeandexecutemachinelanguage.Therefore,torunhigh-levellanguageprogramsonthecomputer,itmustbeequippedwithaprogramlanguagetranslationprogram.Thetranslationprogramitselfisasetofprograms,anddifferenthigh-levellanguageshavecorrespondingtranslations.program.
Kielenkäsittelyohjelmat, kuten AssemblylanguageAssembler, Clanguagecompiler, Linker jne.
Inordertoimproveefficiency,peoplestipulateanewsetofinstructions,calledhigh-levellanguages,inwhicheachinstructioncompletesanoperation.Thisoperationissimpleandbasiccomparedtotheoverallfunctionofthesoftware.ComparedwiththeCPUoperation,itismorecomplicated.Usingthishigh-levellanguagetowriteprograms(calledsourceprograms)islikebuildingahousewithprefabricatedboardsinsteadofbricks,whichismuchmoreefficient.However,theCPUcannotdirectlyexecutethesenewinstructions.Itisnecessarytowriteasoftwarethatisspecificallyusedtotranslateeachinstructioninthesourceprogramintoaseriesofbasicinstructions(alsocalledmachinelanguage)thattheCPUcanaccept,sothatthesourceprogramcanbeconvertedintoacomputer.Theprogramthatrunson.Thesoftwarethatcompletesthistranslationiscalledhigh-levellanguagecompilationsoftware,andtheyareusuallyclassifiedassystemsoftware.Atpresent,thecommonlyusedhigh-levellanguagesincludeVB,C++,JAVA,etc.,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristicsandissuitableforwritingacertaintypeofprogram.Theyallhavetheirowncompilersoftware.
DatabaseManagement
Thedatabasemanagementsystemstoreslargeamountsofdatainanorganizedanddynamicmanner,sothatpeoplecanusethesedataconvenientlyandefficiently.
Databasemanagementsystemisalarge-scalesoftwarethatmanipulatesandmanagesdatabases,andisusedtoestablish,useandmaintaindatabases.
Foxpro, Access, Oracle, Sybase, DB2 ja Informix ovat tietokantajärjestelmiä.
Apuohjelmat
JärjestelmänAuxiliaryProcessing-ohjelmat ovat todellisia "ohjelmistokehitystyökaluja", "tukiohjelmistoja", "ohjelmistotyökaluja", pääasiassa mukaan lukien muokkausohjelmat, virheenkorjausohjelmat, laitteet ja Connect-ohjelma ja virheenkorjausohjelma.