Tracingthesource
ThecompilationoftheTripitakabeganshortlyafterSakyamuni’sNirvana.Inordertopreservehispreachingandunifytheviewsandunderstandingofthebelievers,thedisciplesgatheredthroughmeetingstoformUnanimouslyrecognizedcontentofclassics,laws,andtheory.Later,"externalTibetanclassics"suchasnotesandexplanationsonsutras,laws,andessayswereadded,whichbecamefourmajorcategoriesofvolumes.AfterthesplitofprimitiveBuddhism,mostofthemajorsectscompiledtheirownTibetanscripturesaccordingtotheirownviews,butonlytheTripitakaofTheravadawasrelativelyintact.TheclassicsofothersectswerebasicallypreservedintheChinesetranslation,exceptforapartoftheChinesetranslation.Dispersedandlost.OnlyafewscatteredBayeuxorpapermanuscriptsoftheearlySanskritscripturesstillexist,anditisdifficulttoseeallthethreeZangs.
Theterm"DazangSutra"wasnotrecordedinancientIndiaorintheearliestperiodofourcountry.IntheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesofourcountry,itwasonlycalled"allclassics"and"allsutras"untilaftertheSuiandTangDynasties.Atthebeginning,therewasthetitleof"Tri-ZangJing",whichatthattimemainlyreferredtoalltheclassicscompiledbytheimperialorder(bytheimperialcourt).ThefirstBuddhistTripitakainmycountrywasthe"KaibaoTripitaka",whichwasinscribedinthefourthyearoftheNorthernSongDynasty,andisabbreviatedas"KaibaoTripitaka".BecausethisengravededitionwasengravedinYizhou,itwascommonlycalledthe"Shuedition";becauseitwasengravedbythecourt,itwasalsocalledthe"NorthernSongDynastyofficialedition."ItistheancestoroftheChinesecarvededitionofTripitakainthepast,andithasaprofoundinfluenceonthetripodTripitakaJinzangandKoryoZanginmycountrysincetheNorthernSongDynasty.UndertheinfluenceoftheChineseTripitaka,theTibetan,Mongolian,andManchuversionsoftheTripitakawerepublished.
Content
ThecontentofTripitakaincludessutras,laws,andessays."Sutra"means"classic".ItisacompilationoftheteachingsandwordsspokenbytheBuddhathroughouthislife.ItisthebasicbasisofBuddhistteachings.TheDepartmentofEconomics."Law"isapreceptandritualsystemformulatedbytheBuddha,whichcancuretheevilofsentientbeingsandregulatethemindandnatureofsentientbeings.TherulesformulatedbyBuddhaShakyamuniforthelifeoftheBuddhistsectbelongtothecategoryoflaw."On"istheexplanationofthedoctrinesorimportantthoughtsinBuddhistscripturessuchassutrasandlaws.InBuddhism,itisgenerallyconsideredtobedonebybodhisattvasorvarioussectsoftheorists.
Versio
Olemassa oleva Tripitaka voidaan jakaa seitsemään järjestelmään, mukaan lukien kiinaksi, tiibetiksi, mongoliaksi, mantšuksi, xixiaksi, japaniksi ja palikieliksi. Lisäksi Khitan Tripitaka on kaiverrettu.
TripitakainChinese
TripitakainChinese:isacollectionofBuddhistclassics.FormorethanathousandyearsafterBuddhismwasintroducedtothemainlandofChina,therewerenearly50typesofsutrasalone,andmorethan20typeshavebeenpasseddownsofar,andthenumberofsutrasincludedvaries.TheformandcontentoftheTripitakacompiledindifferenterasaredifferentfromeachother.ExceptfortheFangshanStoneScriptures,thebooksbeforetheSongDynastywerebasicallyscroll-boundscripts.ThefirstwoodcutversionoftheTripitakainChinesebeganinthefourthyearoftheopeningoftheBaobaointheNorthernSongDynasty(971).IntheeighthyearofTaizong'sTaipingrejuvenation(983),allwerecarvedandshippedtoBianjing.SinceitwasfirstengravedatthetimeofKaibaointheNorthernSongDynasty,itwascalled"Kaibaozang"bylatergenerations."KaiBaoZang"istheancestralversionoftheSongDynastyMingandZhejiangprivatecarvings,Liao,Jincarvings,andvariouseditionsofDaZangcarvedbyGaoli.ThecompilationoftheTripitakainlatergenerationsiscloselyrelatedtoit.Therefore,"KaiBaoZang"iscalledtheancestoroftheTripitakainChinese.Itisworthmentioningthatsincethe"KaiBaoJing",theChinesefirstcreatedacatalogsystemintheorderof"thousand-characteressays".Sincethen,thecatalogingofseverallarge-scalebooksinmycountryhasbeenused.Sincethen,Tibetanscriptureengravinghasgraduallyemerged.IntheSongDynasty,therewere:LiaoversionofKhitan,goldversionofgold,Fuzhouversionof"WanshouZang"and"VairoZang",Huzhouversion(Zheversion)of"YuanjueZang","ZifuZang"and"MoshaZang"Wait.IntheYuanDynasty,accordingtotheSongversionoftheTibetanscriptures,thereweretwotypes:"PuningCang"and"HongfaCang".However,attheendofYuanDynasty,theworldwasinchaos,andtheTibetanscriptureswereburnedout.DuringtheHongwureignofEmperorMingTaizu,hegatheredhismaster'svirtuesinJiangshan,clickedtheTibetanscriptures,andpublishedandengravedSouthernTibet.InadditiontoSouthernTibet,therearealsoNorthernTibet,ShurangamaTempleEdition,andBaoenTempleEdition.Fromthe13thyearofEmperorEmperorYongzhengoftheQingDynastytothethirdyearofEmperorEmperorEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1735—1738),theNorthernTibetwasusedasthebase,anewbookwasadded,andtheDragonTibetanwaspublished.Inaddition,thereare"Pinjiazang"and"BaiNicang",andthe"ChineseTripitaka"wascompiledandprintedin1956,andthe"FoguangTripitaka"waspublishedoneafteranotherin1983.Atotalof20typesofwoodcutandtypographicalTripitakahavebeenpublished(21typesinonedescription).
AsBuddhismspreadfromChinatoNorthKoreaandJapan,theKoreanandJapanesedynastiesbothcopied,engraved,ortypesetaccordingtotheChineseTripitaka.Thefirsteditionof"KaiBaoZang"wasintroducedtoJapaninthefirstyearofSongYongxi(984),anditwaspassedtoKoreainDuanGong(988-989).InthefirstyearofQianxing(1022)andthesixthyearofYuanfeng(1083),therevisedversionofTianxiandXiningweretransferredtoKhitanandGaolirespectively.Inthe9thyearofLiaoqingandNing(1063),theKhitanalsosentthenewlyengraved"KhitanTibetan"printtoGoli.
TibetanTripitaka
TibetanTripitaka:Morethan700copieshavebeentranslatedintheearly9thcentury,someofwhichweretranslatedfromChinese.ThesutrasofSutraandSupremacyYogaforsupplementarytranslationinthelaterperiodaremany.ThewholeTibetisdividedintothreecategories:Ganjur,DanjurandSongzhang;Ganjur,alsoknownasZhengzang,containsthreeparts:law,sutra,andsecretmantra;Danjurisalsocalledcontinuation,andincludespraise,sutraandmantra.Explainthethreeparts;looseandtensemeansmiscellaneouscollection,includingrelatedworksofTibetanandMongolianBuddhists.FromthesecondyearofEmperorQingDynasty(1313)tothe22ndyearoftheRepublicofChina(1933),11differentversionsofTibetanTripitakawerecarvedinvariousplaces.Inaddition,therearetwokindsofPrakabencarvedinBhutanandKulunbencarvedinUlaanbaatar,thePeople'sRepublicofMongolia.
MongolianTripitaka
MongolianTripitaka:Se on käännetty jakaiverrettu neljä kertaa.JiapaiLamaFaguang,Tiibetin,Mongolian,Uighuran,Hanmonks-huollon alla, käännetty tiibetinkielinenautonosa,jokakirjoitettu japainattu; Ming-dynastian (1573-1620) vanhemman ajanjakson aikana klassikot lisättiin julkaisuun;Chongzhen(1628-1644)julkaisivanhan painoksen alkuvuosina.Qing-dynastian keisari Kangxin 22. vuonna( 1683),Ganjuerin kaiverrus valmistui Heshuoyun prinssi Fuquanin valvonnassa;Danjuerin oikoluku ja käännös saatiin päätökseen Qianlongin kuudentena-neljätoistavuotena (1741-1749).
ManchuTripitaka
ManchuTripitaka:Se käännettiinKiinan Tripitakan mukaan Qianlongin 38. vuosi Qing-dynastiassa(1773). Koottu ja kaiverrettuviidenkymmenenviidennelläkymmenelläviidennellä vuosikymmenellä,Qianlong,10p:llaja rajna,Baoji,Daji,Huayan,Nirvana ja muut DajaHinoina yksittäisiä käännöksiä ja salaisia käännöksiä.
XixiaTripitaka
XixiaTripitaka:ItwasoriginallytranslatedfromChineseTripitaka.InthefirstyearofSongJingyou(1034),"OpeningtheTreasure"waspassedtoXixia(probablytheTianxirevisionof"OpeningtheTreasure").TheXixiascriptofcreation.Ittook53yearstocompletethetranslation,atotalof362pieces,812volumes,and3579volumes.IntheseventhyearofYuanShizutoYuanDynasty(1270),XixiaSengandhisentouragepresidedoverthere-editingandtranslationofuntranslatedscriptures,andprintedtheNewTripitaka.Inthe30thyearofYuanDynasty(1276),Shizu’sedictinstructedthemastermonk’sXibisoilsentimenttobeknowntoShamenhuizhong.Morethan20peoplewereresponsibleforsendingtheoldscripturesinXixiatoHangzhouforengraving.BythesixthyearofDade(1302),theconstructionwascompletedandprintedbeforeandafter.Therearemorethan140Tibetans,butmostofthemaredamaged.ThereareonlydozensoffragmentsofScripturefoundinvariousplaces.
TheTripitakainJapanese
TheTripitakainJapanese:InadditiontotheaforementionededitionsoftheChineseTripitakainJapan,sincethesixthyearofTaisho(1917),theTheworkoftranslatingChineseBuddhistscripturesintoJapanesehassofarincludedthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbytheNationalLibraryPublishingAssociation,the"ShowaNewCompilationNationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyOrientalAcademy,andthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyDadongPublishingHouse..Inaddition,itwastranslatedinto"TheTripitakaoftheSouthernTripitaka"basedonthePalisystemofTripitaka.
TripitakainPaliLanguage
TripitakainPaliLanguage:on TheravadaofSouthernBuddhism Tripitaka.LevitetäänSriLankassa,Myanmarissa,Thaimaassa,Kambodžassa,Laosissa,jaDaiaa-transa erilaisia kirjeitä.Lisäksi sinhala, burma, thai, khmer ja lao ,Daialla on neljä erilaista murreversiota. Nykyään on lisätty kolmea versiota, mukaan lukien devanagarisanskriti, latinalaiset aakkoset ja japaninkieliset käännökset.