Introduction
Workstationisatypeofmultifunctionalcomputerbasedonpersonalcomputingenvironmentanddistributednetworkcomputingenvironment,anditsperformanceishigherthanthatofmicrocomputer.Thepersonalcomputingenvironmentistocreateaworkingenvironmentthatisaseasytolearnanduseaspossibleforpersonaluseofcomputers,andtoprovideahigh-efficiencyworkingplatformwithafriendlyhuman-machineinterfaceforpersonnelinspecificapplicationfields.Distributednetworkcomputingenvironmentmeansthattheworkstationcanexchangeinformationandshareresourceswithotherworkstationsorcomputersthroughthenetworkintheprocessofinformationprocessing.Themulti-functionoftheworkstationreferstoitshigh-speedcomputingfunction,thefunctionofadaptingtothemultimediaapplicationandthefunctionofknowledgeprocessing.High-speedoperationsincludehigh-speedfixed-pointandfloating-pointoperationsofthecentralprocessingunit,aswellashigh-speedgraphicsandimageprocessing.Multimediaapplicationsmeanthatworkstationscanbeusednotonlyfornumericalandtextualdataprocessing,butalsoforprocessinggraphics,images,speechandsound.Knowledgeprocessingfunctionmeansthatworkstationscanbeusedforartificialintelligence,suchasexpertsystemsandknowledge-basedreasoning.
Function
Aninformationprocessingsystemcomposedofacomputer,correspondingexternalequipment,andacompletesetofapplicationsoftwarepackages.Itcancompletethespecifictasksassignedbyusersandisaneffectivewaytopromotethepopularizationandapplicationofcomputers.Theworkstationshouldhavepowerfuldataprocessingcapabilities,anintuitiveuserinterfacethatfacilitatestheexchangeofinformationbetweenmanandmachine,andcanbeconnectedtoacomputernetworktoexchangeinformationandshareresourcesonalargerscale.Theworkstationprovidescomprehensiveassistancetoprofessionalworkersinprogramming,computing,documentwriting,archiving,andcommunication.Commonworkstationsincludecomputer-aideddesign(CAD)workstations(orengineeringworkstations),officeautomation(OA)workstations,imageprocessingworkstations,andsoon.Workstationsfordifferenttaskshavedifferenthardwareandsoftwareconfigurations.
Forexample,thetypicalhardwareconfigurationofasmallCADworkstationis:ordinarycomputer,CRTterminalwithfunctionkeys,lightpen,planeplotter,digitizer,printer,etc.Thesoftwareconfigurationis:operatingsystem,compiler,correspondingdatabaseanddatabasemanagementsystem,two-dimensionalandthree-dimensionaldrawingsoftware,andacompletesetofcalculationandanalysissoftwarepackages.Itcancompletevariousmechanicalandelectricaldesigntaskssubmittedbyusers.
ThemainhardwareconfigurationofOAworkstationsare:ordinarycomputers,officeterminalequipment(suchasteletypewriters,interactiveterminals,faxmachines,laserprinters,smartcopiers,etc.),communicationfacilities(suchaslocalareanetworks)),program-controlledswitches,publicdatanetworks,integratedservicedigitalnetworks,etc.).Thesoftwareconfigurationis:operatingsystem,compiler,variousserviceprograms,communicationsoftware,databasemanagementsystem,e-mail,wordprocessingsoftware,formprocessingsoftware,variouseditingsoftwareandsoftwarepackagesforspecializedbusinessactivities,suchaspersonnelmanagementandfinanceManagement,administrativeaffairsmanagementandothersoftware,andequippedwithcorrespondingdatabases.ThetaskoftheOAworkstationistocompletetheprocessingofvariousofficeinformation.
Themainhardwareconfigurationoftheimageprocessingworkstationis:top-levelcomputers,generallyincludingsuper-performancegraphicscards(duetothedevelopmentofCUDAparallelprogramming);imagedigitizationequipment(includingelectronic,opticalorelectromechanicalScanningequipment,digitizer),imageoutputequipment,interactiveimageterminal.Inadditiontothegeneralsystemsoftware,thesoftwareconfigurationalsohasacompletesetofimageprocessingsoftwarepackages.Itcancompletevariousimageprocessingtasksproposedbyusers.Moreandmorecomputermanufacturersareproducingandsellingvariousworkstations.
Classification
Accordingtodifferentsoftwareandhardwareplatforms,workstationsaregenerallydividedintoUNIXsystemworkstationsbasedonRISC(reducedinstructionsystem)architectureandPCworkstationsbasedonWindowsandIntel.TheUNIXworkstationisahigh-performanceprofessionalworkstationwithapowerfulprocessor(previouslyusingRISCchips)andoptimizedmemory,I/O(input/output),graphicssubsystems,andaproprietaryprocessor(InteltoStrongXEON,AMDOpteron,etc.),memoryandgraphicshardwaresystems,WIN7flagshipoperatingsystemandUNIXsystem,applicationsoftwareforspecifichardwareplatforms,arenotcompatiblewitheachother.
ThePCworkstationisbasedonthehigh-performanceIntelXeonprocessor,usesastableWIN732/64-bitoperatingsystem,andusesagraphicssystemthatmeetsprofessionalgraphicsstandards(OpenGL4.xandDirectX11),Coupledwithhigh-performancestorage,I/O(input/output),networkandothersubsystemstomeettherequirementsofprofessionalsoftwareoperation;Linux-basedworkstationsuseastandard,opensystemplatform,whichcanmaximizeThecostofownershipisreduced—youcanevenuseLinuxsystemsandopensourcesoftwarebasedonLinuxsystemsforfree;workstationsbasedonMacOSandWindowsuseastandard,closed-sourcesystemplatform.Intoday’shighlydevelopedcomputertechnology,Withhighdatasecurityandconfigurationflexibility,workstationsolutionscanbeconfiguredaccordingtodifferentneeds.
Inaddition,accordingtothesizeandportability,workstationscanbedividedintodesktopworkstationsandmobileworkstations.Desktopworkstationsaresimilartoordinarydesktopcomputers.Theyarelargeinsizeandhavenoportabilityatall,buttheyhavestrongperformanceandaresuitableforprofessionalusers.Themobileworkstationisactuallyahigh-performancelaptop.Butitshardwareconfigurationandoverallperformanceareagradehigherthanordinarynotebookcomputers.Applicablemodelreferstothespecificmodelseriesormodeltowhichtheaccessoriesoftheworkstationareapplicable.Differentworkstationsareequippedwithdifferenthardwareasstandard.Althoughthecompatibilityofworkstationaccessoriesisnotasobviousasthatofservers,itisusuallynecessarytousespecificaccessoriesfromtheperspectivesofstabilityandcompatibility,whichismainlydeterminedbythenatureoftheworkstation'swork.of.
Accordingtothepurposeoftheworkstation,itcanbedividedintogeneral-purposeworkstationsandspecial-purposeworkstations.Thegeneral-purposeworkstationhasnospecificpurpose,andcanbeusedinavarietyofpurposesbasedonprogramdevelopment.Usuallyaccordingtothepurpose,thecorrespondinghardwareandsoftwareareconfiguredonthegeneral-purposeworkstationtoadapttothespecialpurpose.Inaclient-serverenvironment,general-purposeworkstationsareoftenusedasclients.Dedicatedworkstationsaredevelopedforspecificpurposesandconsistofhardwareandsoftwareforcorrespondingpurposes.Theycanbedividedintoofficeworkstations,engineeringworkstations,andartificialintelligenceworkstations.Officeworkstationsaredesignedforefficientofficeoperations,suchasdocumentandgraphicproduction,editing,printing,processing,retrieval,maintenance,e-mailandschedulemanagement,etc.;engineeringworkstationsaredesignedfordevelopmentandresearch,andmostofthemhaveHigh-speedcomputingcapabilitiesandenhancedgraphicsfunctionsarethemostusedworkstationsincomputer-aideddesign,manufacturing,testing,typesetting,printingandotherfields.Theartificialintelligenceworkstationisusedfortheresearchanddevelopmentofintelligentapplications,andcanefficientlyrunartificialintelligencelanguagessuchasLISPandPROLOG.Later,thisdedicatedworkstationhasbeenreplacedbyageneral-purposeworkstation.
Digitalaudioworkstationgenerallyconsistsofthreeparts,namelycomputer,audioprocessinginterfacecardandfunctionalsoftware.Thecomputerisequivalenttothe"brain"ofthedigitalaudioworkstation,the"commandcenter"ofthedigitalaudioworkstation,andthestorage,storage,andexchangecenterofaudiofiles.Theaudioprocessinginterfacecardisequivalenttothe"connector"ofadigitalaudioworkstation,andisresponsibleforconnectingperipheraldevicessuchasmixersandrecordingequipmentthroughanaloginput(out),digitalinput(out),coaxialinput(out),MIDIinterfaces,etc.Thefunctionalsoftwareisequivalenttothe"tool"ofthedigitalaudioworkstation.Clicktheuserinterfaceonthecomputerscreenwiththemousetorealizetheediting,recording,production,transmission,storage,duplication,management,andplaybackofbroadcastprogramsthroughvariousfunctionalsoftware.Whetherthedigitalaudioworkstationispowerfulornotdependsdirectlyonitsfunctionalsoftware.Brand-newdesign,extremelyuser-friendlyuserinterface,powerfulbrowsingfunction,multipledrag-and-dropfunctions,easy-to-useMIDImappingfunction,automaticconfigurationfunctioncorrespondingtoPreSonus,bettersoundquality,unlimitednumberoftracksandUnlimitednumberofplug-inspertrack,supportforavarietyoflatesttechnicalspecifications,convenientstartpage,turningcomplexityintosimplicity,allofStudioOneProandStudioOneArtistarefeaturesofthenext-generationfunctionalsoftware.
Tuotetyyppi
Tuotetyyppi viittaa tiettyyn työasematarvikkeiden tuotetyyppiin, kuten grafiikkakorttiin, prosessoriin, muistiin, kiintolevyyn jne. Tässä on johdantojoihinkin näistä lisävarusteista.
Näytönohjain
Asthemaincomponentofgraphicsworkstations,theimportanceofapowerful3Dprofessionalgraphicscard,inasense,evenexceedsprocessor.Comparedwithconsumergraphicscardsforthegameandentertainmentmarkets,3Dprofessionalgraphicscardsmainlyface3Danimation(suchas3DSMax,Maya,Softimage|3D),rendering(suchasLightScape,3DSVIZ),CAD(suchasProfessionalOpenGLapplicationmarketsuchasAutoCAD,Pro/Engineer,Unigraphics,SolidWorks),modeldesign(suchasRhino)andsomescientificapplications.Forthesegraphicsworkstationusers,thehardwaretheyuseisveryimportantwhetheritisspeed,stability,orsoftwarecompatibility.Thehighstandardsandstrictrequirementsofusersmake3Dprofessionalgraphicscardshavetoreachaveryhighstandardfromdesigntoproduction.Inaddition,therelativelylimiteduserbasehascausedasmallnumberofproductions,sothatasubstantialincreaseinitsoverallcostisinevitable;Comparedwithgeneralconsumergraphicscards,thepriceof3Dprofessionalgraphicscardsismuchhigher,reachingagapofseveraltimesorevententimes.
Similartotheconsumergraphicsmarket,thecompetitioninthe3Dprofessionalgraphicsmarketisbecomingincreasinglyfierce.Theentire3DprofessionalgraphicsmarkethasbecometheworldwhereNVIDIAandAMDhaveacquiredATI.Duetodifferentworkrequirements,thegraphicscardsofworkstationsarequitedifferentfromconsumergraphicscards.Agraphicscardthatisexcellentinone'sownfieldcanperformpoorlyinanotherfield.However,thetrendofnVIDIAandATIistounifyentertainment-gradeproductsandprofessional-gradeproductsunderalmostthesamehardwarearchitecture,oreventhesamechips,whicharecontrolledbyperipheralcircuitsandsoftwarewhethertheyareconsumergraphicscardsorprofessionalgraphicscards.Thegameperformanceofprofessionalgraphicscardsisalsoexcellent,buttheperformanceofgamegraphicscardswiththesameparametersisverydifferentfromthatofprofessionalgraphicscards.
Muisti
ThememoryofmainstreamworkstationsisECCmemoryandREGmemory.ECCismainlyusedinlow-endworkstations.ItisnotamemorytransmissionstandardlikethecommonPCversionofDDR3.ECCmemoryisamemorywitherrorcheckingandcorrectionfunctions.ECCistheabbreviationofErrorCheckingandCorrecting,anditisalsorealizedbyaddingadditionaldatabitstotheoriginaldatabits.Suchas8bitsofdata,1bitisusedforParity(parity)check,5bitsareusedforECC,andtheextra5bitsareusedtoreconstructthewrongdata.Whenthenumberofdatabitsdoubles,Paritydoubles,andECConlyneedstoincreasebyonebit,sowhenthedatais64bits,theECCandParitybitsusedarethesame(bothare8).WhereParitycanonlydetecterrors,ECCcancorrectmosterrors.Ifitworksnormally,youwillnotfindthatyourdataiswrong,andonlyaftertheerrorcorrectionofthememory,thecomputer'soperatinginstructionscancontinuetobeexecuted.Ofcourse,theperformanceofthesystemissignificantlyreducedduringerrorcorrection,butthiserrorcorrectionisveryimportantforapplicationssuchasservers.ThepriceofECCmemoryismuchmoreexpensivethanordinarymemory.High-endworkstationsandserversuseREGmemory.REGmemorymustbeECCmemory,andaregistercacheisadded,whichgreatlyacceleratesthedataaccessspeed,anditspriceismoreexpensivethanECCmemory.
CPU
TraditionalworkstationCPUsaregenerallynon-IntelandAMDCPUs,butuseRISCarchitectureprocessors,suchasPowerPCprocessors,SPARCprocessors,Alphaprocessor,etc.ThecorrespondingoperatingsystemisgenerallyUNIXorotherspecializedoperatingsystems.Thebrand-newIntelNEHALEMarchitecturequad-coreorsix-coreprocessorhasthefollowingcharacteristics:1.LargeL2andL3cache,andL3cachewithsixorfourcoresupto12M;2.ThememorycontrollerisdirectlyintegratedintheQPIchannelOntheCPU,thefront-sidebusbandwidthbottleneckhasbeencompletelyresolved;3.Intel’suniquekernelaccelerationmodeturbomodeturnsonandofftheoperationofthekernelasneeded;4.Thethird-generationhyper-threadingSMTtechnology.
Kiintolevyt
TheharddisksusedinworkstationsystemsmainlyincludeSASharddisks,SATA(SerialATA)harddisks,SCSIharddisks,andsolidstateharddisks.Therequirementsofworkstationsforharddrivesarebetweenordinarydesktopsandservers,solow-endworkstationscanalsousethesameSATAorSASharddrivesasdesktops.Andhigh-endworkstationswilluseSASorsolid-stateharddrives.
Sovelluskentät
Yleensä työasemia käytetään pääasiassa seuraavilla kentillä:
Tietokoneavusteinen suunnittelu ja valmistusCAD/CAM
Thisfieldisregardedasthetraditionalfieldofworkstations.TheuseofCAD/CAMtechnologycangreatlyshortentheproductdevelopmentcycle,whilereducingthedifficultyofhigh-techproductdevelopmentandimprovingproductdesignquality.IntheCADfield,fromabuildingtoasmallpart,graphicsworkstationsshowstrongcompetitiveadvantageswiththeirintuitive,high-precision,andhigh-efficiency.
AnimationDesign
TheuserbaseismainlyTVstations,advertisingcompanies,filmandtelevisionproductioncompanies,gamesoftwaredevelopmentcompanies,andinteriordecorationcompanies.TelevisionstationsusegraphicworkstationstoproducetheopeninganimationsofvariousTVprograms;advertisingcompaniesuseittoproduceanimationscenesforadvertisingprograms;filmandtelevisionproductioncompaniesuseitforcomputerspecialeffectsproduction;gamesoftwarecompaniesuseitasadevelopmentplatform;interiordecorationcompaniesnotonlyUsegraphicsworkstationsfordesign,andallowuserstoseethethree-dimensionalsimulationrenderingsafterdecorationbeforedecoration.
GISGeographicInformationSystem
Itsmaincustomergroupsareurbanplanningunits,environmentalprotectiondepartments,geologicalsurveyinstitutes,researchinstitutes,etc.TheyusuallyusegraphicsworkstationstorunGISsoftware.Itenablesuserstounderstandthedetailsoftheprojectsiteandsurroundingfacilitiesinrealtimeandintuitively,suchaslampposts,undergrounddrainagepipelines,etc.Theselarge-datajobscanonlyberunefficientlyonworkstationswithprofessionalgraphicsprocessingcapabilities.
Planaarikuvankäsittely
Itisanindustrywithahighdegreeofapplicationpopularity.UsersusuallyusegraphicsworkstationsashardwareplatformsandPhotoShop,CorelDrawandothersoftwareasoperatingtools.Theyarecommittedtoimageandimageprocessing,advertisingandpublicitycolorpagedesign,packagingdesign,textilepatterndesign,etc.
Simulaatio
Inthemilitaryfield,simulationtechnologyisaneffectivemeansoftrainingfighterpilots,tankpilotsandsimulatingmaritimenavigation;inscientificresearchanddevelopmentField,itenablesthedesignertoperformsimulationoperationonthegraphicsworkstationbeforemakingtheprototype,findproblemsintime,andmodifythedesign.
Majorbrands
Manymanufacturershavelaunchedworkstationssuitablefordifferentusergroups,suchasIBM,Lenovo,DELL(Dell),HP(HP),wiseteam,Zhengrui(domestic)Wait.Themanufacturersofindustrial-gradeintegratedworkstationsincludedomesticNODKAandAdvantech(Taiwan,China).Duetothemaximumsoftwareandhardwarecompatibilityandperformanceofworkstations,assemblymachinesgenerallycannotmeettherequirements.AllbrandmachineshavepassedmultipleISVcertificationstovaryingdegrees.Onlythemodelsthathavepassedsoftwarecertificationaremature,stableandsafe.,High-performanceworkstationsthatmeettherequirements.Theworkstationmarkethasthefollowingmarketcharacteristics:Thesizeoftheworkstationmarketcontinuestomaintainrapidgrowth.Fiercecompetitionintheworkstationmarket,lowerprices,andshrinkingprofitmargins.Brandconcentrationhasincreased,marketsharehasfurtherconcentratedonfirst-tiermanufacturers,andthesurvivalspaceofsmallbrandshasbeencontinuouslysqueezed.Theentry-levelworkstationreplacesthehigh-enddesktopmachine.Althoughduetohistoricalreasons,foreignbrandshavealwaysmaintainedaleadingpositionintheoverallproductline,domesticbrandshavecontinuedtonarrowthegapwithforeignbrandsthroughcontinuousefforts.Inrecentyears,domesticbrandshavekeptpacewiththeinternationaladvancedlevelintechnology,andallmanufacturershavebasicallystoodonaunifiedstartingline.Intermsofpriceandservice,domesticmanufacturershaveadvantagesthatforeignmanufacturerscannotmatch:weunderstanddomesticcompaniesbetter.Theneeds,localizedservices,andlocalaccessoriescompletethesupportinashorttime.