culture

Definition

Etymology

"TheBookofChanges"BiGuaBiography:"Rigidandsoftintertwined,astronomyisalso;civilizationends,humanitiesarealso.Observeastronomy,Toobservethetimechange,toobservethehumanities,totransformintotheworld."

Concept

Humantraditionalconceptsbelievethatcultureisasocialphenomenon,whichiscreatedbyhumansforalongtime.Theproductisalsoahistoricalphenomenon,theaccumulationofhumansocietyandhistory.Tobeprecise,cultureiscondensedinthematerialandseparatedfromthematerial,andcanbepasseddownandspreadbythecountryornation’sthinkingmode,values,lifestyle,behavioralnorms,art,culture,scienceandtechnology,etc.ItisAuniversallyrecognizedideologythathumanscommunicatewitheachotheristhesublimationofperceptualknowledgeandexperienceintheobjectiveworld.

Cultureisasymbol(mainlywritten,text-based,Thesumofthesystemofimagesasasupplementandsound(languageasasupplement,phonologyandnotesasasupplement).Inmoreconcisewords,itcanbeabbreviatedas:Cultureisthesumoflanguageandwords.

Philosophicaldefinition

Thedefinitionofculture:Cultureisallhumanspiritualactivitiesandproductsrelativetoeconomyandpolitics.

Cultureisthesumofallthesocialphenomenaofthewisegroupandtheexisting,inheritance,creationanddevelopmentoftheinnerspiritofthegroup.

Itcoversthehistoryofthewisdomgroupfromthepasttothefuture,andisthecontentofalltheactivitiesofthegroupbasedonnature.Itistheinnerwholeofallthematerialappearanceandspiritofthegroup.

Specifichumanculturalcontentreferstothehistory,customs,traditionalcustoms,lifestyle,religiousbeliefs,art,ethics,legalsystems,values,aesthetictastes,spiritualtotems,etc.ofagroupofpeople.

Interpretation

Quotation:

"Culture"comesfromthehexagramoftheBookofChangesandthewords:"Rigidandsoftinterlaced,astronomyisalso;civilizationends,humanitiesarealso.Toobserveastronomy,toobservetimechange,toobservehumanities,totransformintotheworld."

Detailedexplanation:

Theso-calledtextreferstoallphenomenaorforms.Astronomyreferstonaturalphenomena,thatis,theintricateandcolorfulnaturalworldformedbytheinteractionofyinandyang,rigidity,softness,positiveandnegative,maleandfemaleforces.

Theso-calledhumanityreferstotheactivitiesinwhichnaturalphenomenaarerecognized,transformed,transformed,andreorganizedbyhumanbeingsarecalledhumanisticactivities.

Humanitiesactivitiescanbedividedintotwolevels,thefirstisthelevelofcognition,andthesecondisthelevelofapplication.

Observingandunderstandingallexistingnaturalphenomenaandcondensingthemintodefiniteknowledgeistheelementaryhumanisticactivity.Thepurposeandsignificanceofthislevelofhumanisticactivitiesistopreparethefoundationforadvancedhumanisticactivities.

Theadvancedhumanisticactivitiesaretheuseofvariousknowledgecondensedintheelementaryhumanisticactivitiestoservelife.Thiskindofservicecanalsobedividedintotwolayers.Thefirstlayerissimplytoincreasetheconvenienceoflife.Forexample,theancestorscultivatedthefieldsforfood,weavingclothsforclothing,settinguptreesfordwellings,turningroundsfortransportation,andeventodayallindustrialproducts.Theyareallusedbypeopletotransformandreorganizetheexistingstructureofnaturalobjectsbyusingknowledge.Thiscanbesaidtobeaservicethatfocusesonpracticality.

Asforanotherlayerofserviceabovepracticality,wecancallitaservicethatemphasizesmeaning.Thatistousethesenaturalobjectsorman-madeprocessedobjectsasrepresentativesandsymbolstopresentasetoflifestylesuniquetopeople.Theseuniquelifestylesaretheso-calledetiquette,includingvariouslawsandregulations,customsandhabits.Forexample,diet,inadditiontothepracticalpurposeofeatingbelly,wecanalsouseittoshowspiritualmeaningatthesametime.Forexample,wheneatingtogetherwithothers,wecanrespecteachotherbygivingfood,persuadingfood,etc.;whenoneiseatingalone,wecanusethecleanlinessofthefoodtoflourishandtakemeasurestoconfrontthesky;or,byvariouscustompreceptsTakeself-discipline(suchasthevegetarianismofBuddhists)andnostalgiawithspecialfood(suchasZongziduringtheDragonBoatFestival).Evenpurelyexquisitelypreparedbyfood,thegracefulmannersofeatingshowtheabundanceofhumanity.Allthisisenoughtoshowthatpeople'slivescanactuallyexceedthelimitsofone'sownlimitationsandhavethemeaningofinfiniteextensionandextension.Thischaracteristicthatcanpointtoinfinityisthetruevalueofhumanactivities.Soitiscalledthehumanisticactivitiesofupgrading.Thiskindofactivitythatcangivemeaningtoallnaturalobjectsorman-madeprocessedobjectsisacreativeactivity.Therefore,thenaturalbehaviorofmanistransformedintoetiquette,andnaturalorderistransformedintomoralorder.Thisworldnotonlyprogressesfromdarknesstolightduetotheelementaryhumanisticactivities(cognition);italsoprogressesfromunintentionaltosentimentalduetohumanisticactivitiesofadvancedhumanities.Therefore,itissaidthat"appreciationofhumanities,totransformintotheworld",andcalled"humancultureinto",ormoregenerallycalled"culture".

Ifitisrelaxed,allhumanitiesactivities,includingelementarypromotion,canbecalledculture.Ifweextendthisfurther,weshouldnotrefertothiskindofhumanisticactivityitself,butjusttaketheresultofallhumanisticactivities,thatis,thestateofvariousnaturalphenomenathathavebeenrecognized,transformed,andreorganizedbyhumans.Theso-calledhumanistiscalledculture.Atthistime,theso-calledculturenolongerhasthecreativemeaningofactivity,butonlyhasthestaticmeaningofobjectiveexistence.

CultureisawordthathasbeenusedtotranslateEnglishculturesincemoderntimes,andthetwoconnotationsarealsosomewhatsimilar.CultureisderivedfromtheLatinColere,whichoriginallymeansthecultivationandtrainingofhumanabilities,makingitbeyondthepurenaturalstate.Bythe17thand8thcenturies,theconnotationofthisconcepthasbeenconsiderablyexpanded,anditisagainreferringtoalltheresultsofman-madeforcesonnaturalobjects.Thatis:culturereferstothesumofallculturalproducts.Thisisequivalenttothelastlevelofextendedmeaningmentionedabove.Inaword,thecultureintheWesternconceptionismoreinclinedtorefertothestaticandobjectiveexistenceofhumanities,andlesstothecreativemeaningofactivities,anditistornawayfromthelackofthemostsolemnmoralizationandspiritualconnotationintheChinesetradition.

Textualresearch

Accordingtoexpertresearch,"culture"isanexistingvocabularyinMiddleChinese.Theoriginalmeaningof"文"referstotheinterlacedtextureofvariouscolors."Yi·XiCiXia"contains:"Mattersaremixed,soitiscalledtext.""BookofRites·LeJi"said:"Fivecolorsarewrittenwithoutchaos.""ShuWenJieZi"said:"Writing,wrongdrawingisalso",Xiangcross"referstothismeaning.Onthisbasis,"wen"hasseveralextendedmeanings.Thefirstistoincludevarioussymbolicsignsinlanguage,whicharethenembodiedintoculturalrelics,classics,ritualsandmusicsystems.FuXipaintedgossipandmadeabookcontractin"Shangshu·Preface","Youarebornoutofliterature"."TheAnalectsofConfucius,Zihan"saidConfuciussaid"thereisnokingofliterature,andthetextdoesnotcareaboutit"isanexampleofthis.Second,themeaningsofcolorpainting,decoration,andhumancultivationarederivedfromthetheoryofethics,whicharesymmetricalwith"quality"and"real".Therefore,"Shangshu·Shundian"issuccinctlycalled"JingweiTiandiSaiwen",and"TheAnalectsofConfucius·Yongye"iscalled"Qualitywinsliterature,thenthewild,theliteraturewinsthehistory,thegentleman,thenthegentleman."Third,inadditiontothefirsttwomeanings,themeaningsofbeauty,goodness,andvirtuearederived.Thisistheso-called"ritualreductionandadvancementinthebookofritualsandmusic",andZhengXuan'scommentary"thetextisbeautiful."Yes,goodness","Shangshu·Dayumo"so-called"thefateofwritingisappliedtothewholeworld,anditisonlyinheritedbytheemperor."

"Hua",theoriginalmeaningischange,generation,goodfortune,suchas"Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou":"ThereisafishintheNorthMing,itsnameisKun,Kunissobig,Idon'tknowhowmanykilometersitis.Asforthebird,itsnameisPeng,thebackofPeng,Idon'tknowhowmanymilesitis."."Yi·XiCiXi":"Menandwomenconstructessence,allthingsmetamorphose"."HuangdiNeijing·Suwen":"Transformationcannotbereplaced,timecannotbeviolated"."BookofRites·TheDoctrineoftheMean":"Youcanpraisethetransformationofheavenandearth"andsoon.Tosumupalltheabove,"Hua"referstothechangeoftheformornatureofthings,and"Hua"isalsoextendedtothemeaningofteachinganddoinggood.

"Wen"and"Hua"areusedinparallel,andIsawearlierintheBookofChangeseditedbyConfucianscholarsinthelateWarringStatesperiod:"Toobserveastronomy,toobservechangesintime;tohumanities,totransformintotheworld."Itmeans:byobservingtheastronomicalphenomena,wecanunderstandthechangesoftimesequence;byobservingthevariousphenomenaofhumansociety,wecanusethemeansofeducationtogoverntheworld.The"text"inthispassagehasevolvedfromthemeaningoftexture.Thesunandthemoonareintertwinedanddecoratedinthesky,whichmeans"astronomy",whichisthenaturallawofheaven.Similarly,"humanity"referstothesociallawsofhumanrelations,thatis,theintertwinedrelationshipsbetweenpeopleinsociallife,suchasmonarchs,fathersandsons,couples,brothers,andfriends,formingacomplexnetworkwithtextureappearance.Thispassagesaysthattherulerofthecountrymustobserveastronomytounderstandthechangesintimesequence,andalsoobservethehumanities,sothateveryoneintheworldcanobeythecivilizedetiquetteandactastheyshould.Here,"humanities"and"transformationintotheworld"arecloselyrelated,andtheideaof​​"cultureandeducation"isveryclear.

IntheWesternHanDynasty,LiuXiangcombinedthetwocharacters"wen"and"hua"intooneword,andwrotein"Shuoyuan·Zhiwu":"Thesaintruledtheworld,firstwithvirtueandthenbyforce.WhereWuisprosperous,itisnotacceptable.Culturedoesnotchange,andthenaddpunishment.""Culturalcompilation,martialartsoutsideleisure"("SelectedWorks·PoemsofSupplement")."Culture"heremaybeopposedtothenaturalandunenlightenednature,ortheuncivilized"unsophisticated"and"barbaric".Therefore,intheChinesesystem,theoriginalmeaningof"culture"is"educationbyculture",whichmeansthecultivationofhumantemperamentandmoraleducation,whichbelongstothecategoryofthespiritualrealm.Withtheevolutionoftimeandthedifferenceofspace,"culture"hasgraduallybecomeamultidimensionalconceptwithrichconnotationandbroadextension,andhasbecometheobjectofinquiry,elucidation,andcontentioninmanydisciplines.

Connotation

Culturecanroughlybeexpressedas:

1.Extensiveknowledgeandabletolearnandapplyit;

2.Innerspiritandcultivation.

Traditionalconceptsbelievethatcultureisthesumofmaterialwealthandspiritualwealthcreatedbymankindintheprocessofsocialandhistoricaldevelopment.Itincludesthreeaspects:materialculture,institutionalcultureandpsychologicalculture.Materialculturereferstothematerialcivilizationcreatedbymankind,includingtransportation,clothing,dailynecessities,etc.Itisavisibleandexplicitculture;institutionalcultureandpsychologicalculturerefertolifesystem,familysystem,socialsystem,andwayofthinking,religion,etc.Beliefandaesthetictasteareinvisibleandinvisibleculture,includingliterature,philosophy,politicsandotheraspects.Thespiritualwealthcreatedbymankindincludesreligion,belief,customs,moralsentiment,academicthought,literatureandart,scienceandtechnology,varioussystems,etc.

Cultureinthenarrowsenseisthesumofthesocialandspirituallifeformsthathaveoccurredanddevelopedonthebasisofacertainmaterialproductionmethodinhistory,andreferstotheideologyofthesocietyandtheinstitutionsandorganizationsthatarecompatiblewithit.In1871,BritishculturalscientistTaylorputforwardtheearlyclassictheoryofnarrowcultureinhisbook"PrimitiveCulture",thatis,cultureincludesknowledge,belief,art,morality,law,customs,andanypersonacquiredasamemberofsociety.Thecomplexwholeincludingtheabilitiesandhabits.

Culturecanalsobecalledthecommonthinkingcharacteristicofsocialgroups.Regardlessofthedefinitionof"culture",onethingisclear,thatis,thecoreissueofcultureispeople.Someonecancreateculture.Cultureistheembodimentofhumanwisdomandcreativity.Peopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiescreatedifferentcultures.Peoplecreateculture,enjoyculture,andatthesametimeareconstrainedbyculture,andultimatelytheymustconstantlytransformculture.Weareallcreatorsofculture,aswellasenjoyersandreformersofculture.Althoughpeoplearesubjecttoculturalconstraints,theyarealwaysactiveinculture.Withoutpeople'sinitiativetocreate,culturelosesitsluster,vitality,andevenlife.Weunderstandandstudyculture,infact,mainlyobserveandstudypeople'screativethoughts,creativebehaviors,creativepsychology,creativemethodsandtheirfinalresults.

Differentunderstandings

Differentdisciplineshavedifferentunderstandingsofculture.

(1)Interpretculturefromaphilosophicalpointofview,thinkingthatcultureisessentiallyanexpressionofphilosophy.Duetotheageandregionalityofphilosophy,differentculturalstylesaredetermined.Generallyspeaking,thechangeofphilosophicalthoughtcausesthechangeofthesocialsystem,whichisaccompaniedbythesuppressionoftheoldcultureandtheriseofthenewculture.

(2)Fromtheperspectiveofexistentialism,cultureisthedescriptionofthewayapersonorgroupofpeopleexists.Peopleexistinnature,butalsoinhistoryandera;timeisanimportantplatformforapersonoragroupofpeopletoexistinnature;society,countryandnation(family)areapersonoragroupofpeopleinAnotherimportantplatforminhistoryandera;culturereferstothewaypeoplespeakorexpress,thewayofcommunicationorbehavior,thewayofconsciousnessorcognitioninthisprocessofexistence.Cultureisnotonlyusedtodescribetheexternalbehaviorofagroupofpeople,cultureespeciallyincludesthespiritualconsciousnessandperceptionoftheselfasanindividual.Awayofself-conversationandobservationwhenapersonreturnstohisinnerworld.

(3)Fromtheperspectiveofculturalstudies,culture,evenideology,isnotabsolutelyexclusive.ForGramsci,culturalhegemonyisnotasimple,nakedrelationshipofoppressionandoppression."Thedominanceoftherulinggroupisnotobtainedbymanipulatingthemasses....Therulingclassmustnegotiatewithopposingsocialgroups,classes,andtheirvalues.Theresultofthisnegotiationisarealmediation....Thismakesanysimpleoppositioninideologydispelledbythisprocess."Itbecomesadynamicunionofdifferentculturesandideologiestakenfromdifferentclassanchorages.

(4)Cultureisthecarrieroftheeternalexpansionofhumaninnovationactivities,thetoolfortheimprovementofinnovationlevel,andthemeansofcommunication.

Content

Cultureincludesnotonlyideologicalaspectssuchasworldoutlook,outlookonlife,andvalues,butalsonaturalscienceandtechnology,Non-ideologicalpartssuchaslanguageandwriting.

Cultureisauniquephenomenonofhumansociety.Cultureiscreatedbypeopleandisuniquetopeople.

Cultureistheexisting,inheritance,creation,anddevelopmentofallthesocialphenomenaoftheclansandtheinnerspiritoftheclans.

Cultureincludeseightmajorartsandnintharts.

Amongthem,Chinesecultureisimprintedwiththecharacteristicsofthenationandthetimes.Ithasbothinheritanceanddevelopment.ThemaincontentofChinesecultureisConfucianisminthenewera.

Classification

Abouttheclassificationofculture

SternHHStern(1992:208)dividescultureintobroadsenseandnarrowsenseaccordingtothestructureandcategoryofculture.Kindofconcept.CultureinthebroadsenseisculturewithabigC(CulturewithabigC),andcultureinthenarrowsenseisculturewithasmallc(culturewithasmallc).

Hammerly(1982)dividescultureintoinformationculture,behaviorcultureandachievementculture.Informationculturereferstotheknowledgeaboutsociety,geography,history,etc.generallymasteredbyeducatednativespeakers;behavioralculturereferstopeople'slifestyle,actualbehavior,attitude,value,etc.,itisthemostimportantfactorinsuccessfulcommunication;achievementcultureReferstoartisticandliteraryachievements.Itisatraditionalculturalconcept.

Level

Becauseofthediversityandcomplexityofculture,itisdifficulttogiveanaccurateandclearclassificationstandardforculture.Therefore,thesedivisionsofcultureareonlyanalyzedfromacertainangle,itisanattempt.

Thestructuralanatomyofculturecanbedividedintotwoparts,namelymaterialcultureandspiritualculture(non-materialculture);therearethreelevels,namelymaterial,system,andspirit;therearefourlevelsSaid,itisdividedintomaterial,system,customs,thoughtandvalue.Therearesixmajorsubsystems,namely,material,socialrelations,spirit,art,languagesigns,customsandhabits.

Culturecanalsobedividedintoproductioncultureandspiritualculture.Scienceandtechnologycultureisproductionculture,whileideologicalcultureisspiritualculture.Anycultureisusedforlife,andthereisnoculturethatisnotusedforlife.Anykindofcultureincludesatheoryandwayoflife,conceptandunderstanding.

Asforthestructureofculture,therearemanydifferentopinions.Itisgenerallydividedintothefollowinglevels:physicalculture,institutionalculture,behavioralculture,andmentalityculture.

Thematerialculturelayeristhesumofhumanmaterialproductionactivitiesandproducts,anditisthetangibleconcreteandrealthings,suchasclothing,food,shelter,andtransportation.

Theinstitutionalandculturallevelisthenormestablishedbyhumanbeingsinsocialpracticetoregulatetheirownbehaviorandregulatetheirmutualrelations.

Thebehavioralculturallayerisasocialandcollectivebehaviorthatisestablishedbyconventionsininterpersonalcommunication.Itisasocialandcollectivebehavior.

Mentalitycultureispeople’ssocialpsychologyandsocialideology,includingpeople’svalues,aesthetictastes,waysofthinking,andtheliteraryandartisticworksproducedtherefrom.Thisisthecoreandtheessenceofculture.

Someanthropologistsdividecultureintothreelevels:

1.AdvancedCulture(Highculture),includingphilosophy,literature,art,religion,etc.;

2.Popularculture(Popularculture),referstocustoms,rituals,andlifestylesincludingclothing,food,housing,transportation,andinterpersonalrelationships;

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3.Deepculturemainlyreferstothedefinitionofbeautyanduglinessofvalues,timeorientation,paceoflife,wayofsolvingproblems,andpersonalrolesrelatedtogender,class,occupation,andkinship.

High-levelcultureandpopularculturearebothrootedindeepculture,andacertainconceptofdeepcultureisreflectedinpopularcultureasacustomorlifestyle,andreflectedinanartformorliterarytheme.Inhigh-levelculture.

Cultureinabroadsenseincludesfourlevels:

Thefirstisthematerialculturelevel,whichiscomposedofmaterializedknowledgeforces,whichisthematerialproductionactivityofpeople.Thesumofitsproductsisaperceptibleculturalthingwithmaterialentities.

Thesecondistheinstitutionalandculturallayer,whichiscomposedofvarioussocialnormsestablishedbyhumanbeingsinsocialpractice.Includingsocialeconomicsystem,marriagesystem,familysystem,politicalandlegalsystem,family,nation,country,economy,politics,religioussociety,education,scienceandtechnology,artorganization,etc.

Thethirdisthebehavioralculturallayer,whichappearsintheformoffolkcustomsandcustoms,whichisseenindailydailyactivitiesandhasdistinctivenationalandregionalcharacteristics.

Fourthisthementalityculturallayer,whichiscomposedofvalues,aestheticappeals,andwaysofthinkingformedthroughlong-termcultivationinhumansocialpracticeandconsciousnessactivities.Itisthecorepartofculture.

Theculturallevelofmentalitycanbesubdividedintotwolevels:socialpsychologyandsocialideology.

Role

Humankindcreatedcultureduetotheneedtolivetogether,andcultureplaysamajorfunctionandrolewithinitsscopeandatdifferentlevels:

Integration

Theintegratedfunctionofculturereferstoitsroleincoordinatingtheactionsofgroupmembers,justlikeantscrossingtheriver.Differentmembersofsocialgroupsareuniqueactors.Theytakeactionsbasedontheirownneedsandtheirjudgmentandunderstandingofthesituation.Cultureisthemediumofcommunicationbetweenthem.Iftheycanshareculture,thentheycancommunicateeffectively,eliminatebarriers,andpromotecooperation.

Guidance

Theguidingfunctionofculturereferstothewaythatculturecanprovidedirectionsandalternativesforpeople'sactions.Bysharingtheculture,theactorcanknowwhatkindofbehaviorheorshethinksissuitablefortheotherpartyandcancauseapositiveresponse,andtendstochooseeffectiveactions.Thisistheguidingroleofcultureonbehavior.

Maintainingorder

Cultureistheaccumulationofpeople’spastexperienceoflivingtogether.Itiswhatpeopleconsidertobereasonableandgenerallyacceptedthroughcomparisonandchoice.Theformationandestablishmentofacertainculturemeanstherecognitionandcomplianceofcertainvalues​​andbehaviornorms,anditalsomeanstheformationofacertainorder.Andaslongasthiscultureisworking,thesocialorderestablishedbythisculturewillbemaintained.Thisisthefunctionofculturetomaintainsocialorder.

Succession

Fromtheperspectiveofgenerations,ifculturecanbepassedontonewgenerations,thatis,thenextgenerationwillrecognizeandsharethecultureofthepreviousgeneration,thentheculturewillbepassedon.Continuedfunction.

ThenecessityofunderstandingChineseculture.ChinesecultureisagreatcreationoftheChinesenationinitslong-termhistoricaldevelopmentandthecrystallizationofthewisdomandcreativityoftheentirenation.Forthousandsofyears,ithasnotonlyshinedinChinesehistory,benefitingthedescendantsofYanandHuang,butalsoinfluencedthehistoryandcultureoftheWesternworldafterthe"SilkRoad"openedbytheHanDynasty.Intheinternationalcommunity,itspreadsmorerapidlyandhasawiderimpact.

Culture,asaspiritualforce,canbetransformedintoamaterialforceintheprocessofpeopleunderstandingandtransformingtheworld,andhasaprofoundimpactonsocialdevelopment.Thisinfluenceisnotonlymanifestedinthepersonalgrowthprocess,butalsomanifestedinthehistoryofthenationandthecountry.Thehistoryofhumansocialdevelopmentprovesthatanationcannotbeimpoverishedmateriallyorspiritually.Onlywhenitisrichmateriallyandspirituallycanitstandtallintheworldofnationswithself-esteem,self-confidence,andself-reliance.

Culturalresearch

Ideologies:includingreligiousbeliefs,values,legalpoliticsandotherideologicalthings.

Spiritualproducts:knowledge,art,andtechnologicalachievements.Representativeplacesareculturalcenters,scienceandtechnologymuseums,museums,andlibraries.

Lifestyle:basicnecessities,folkcustoms,birth,oldage,sicknessanddeath,andallaspectsofsociallife.

Theresearchontheabovethreeaspectsis"Thestudyofcultural",andthethirdaspectis"Culturalstudies".

CultureandCivilization

①Fromthecontentpointofview,cultureisthesumoftheactivities,processes,andresultsofhumanbeingstoconquernature,societyandhumanbeings,whilecivilizationismainlyReferstotheessenceofculturalachievements.

②Fromtheperspectiveoftime,cultureexiststhroughoutthelifeofmankind.Mankindhasproducedprimitiveculturebeforecivilizedsociety,andcivilizationisacertainstageofhumanculturaldevelopment.

③Fromtheperspectiveofmanifestation,cultureisadynamic,gradualanduninterrupteddevelopmentprocess,whilecivilizationisarelativelystable,staticandleapingdevelopmentprocess.

④Cultureisaneutralconcept,andcivilizationisacommendatoryconcept.Theactivities,processes,andresultsoftransformingpeopleintohumansintheprocessofman’sconquestofnatureandsocietyareanobjectiveexistence,whichincludesbothexcellentresultsanddross.Therearecontentthatisbeneficialtomankind,andtherearefactorsthatarenotgoodformankind.Theyareallcultures..Civilizationisrelatedtoacertainvalue.Itreferstothepositiveresultsandprogressofculture.Asavaluejudgment,itisacommendatoryconcept.

FamousQuotes

1.Cultureopenstheperceptionofbeauty.——Emerson

2.Acertainculture(cultureasanideologicalform)isareflectionofthepoliticsandeconomyofacertainsociety,anditalsogivesgreatinfluenceandaffectsthepoliticsandeconomyofacertainsociety.——MaoZedong

3.Languageisthecarrierandimportantpartofhumanculture;eachlanguagelanguagecanexpresstheworldview,thinkingmodeandsocialcharacteristicsofthenationwheretheuserbelongsAswellascultureandhistory,theyareallpreciousintangibleheritageofmankind.——ZhouHaizhong

4.Theultimategoalofcultureisto"transform"people,sothefinalresultofcultureispersonality.——LiuZhenkai

5.Cultureisthemanifestationofthedifferentlatitudesoftheindividual'scognitionofthenaturalworld.Nomatterthespiritualormateriallevel,therecanbenoresultsbeyondcognition.——David

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