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Electric locomotive



Principle

Electriclocomotivesobtainelectricenergyfromthecontactnet,andtheelectriccurrentsuppliedbythecontactnettotheelectriclocomotivehastwotypes:DCandAC.Duetothedifferentcurrentsystems,theelectriclocomotivesusedarealsodifferent.Basically,theycanbedividedintothreecategories:direct-DCelectriclocomotives,AC-DCelectriclocomotives,andAC-DC-ACelectriclocomotives.

Direct-DCelectriclocomotivesarepoweredbyadirectcurrentsystem,andarectifierdeviceisinstalledinthetractionsubstation,whichconvertsthree-phasealternatingcurrentintodirectcurrentbeforesendingittothecontactnetwork.Therefore,theelectriclocomotivecandirectlyobtainDCpowerfromthecontactnetworkandsupplytheDCseries-excitedtractionmotortouse,whichsimplifiestheequipmentonthelocomotive.Thedisadvantageofthedirectcurrentsystemisthatthevoltageofthecontactnetislow,generallyl500Vor3000V,andthecontactwireisrequiredtobeverythick,whichconsumesalargeamountofnon-ferrousmetalsandincreasestheconstructioninvestment.

History

In1866,GermanengineerSiemensandtechnicianHalluschkajointlyestablishedanelectricmotorcompany,inventedapowerfulgasgenerator,andmadetheworld'sfirstelectriclocomotive.ItwasexhibitedattheParisExpositionthefollowingyearandshockedmanypeople.In1879,attheBerlinIndustryandCommerceFair,theworld'sfirstelectrictrainwasputintopublictrialoperation.Thetrainisdrawnbyanelectricmotor,andtheelectriccurrentisconveyedbytheelectrifiedrail.Thepoweris3horses.Itcantransport18passengersatatimeandthespeedis7kilometersperhour.Twoyearslater,in1881,asmall-scaletramroutewaslaidoutinthesuburbsofBerlin,butitwastheworld'sfirstcommercialtramroute.Atthesametime,Germanysuccessfullytestedthepowersupplysystemwithcontactwiresintheair,whichturnedthepowersupplylinesofelectriclocomotivesfromthegroundtotheair,andthevoltageandpowerofthelocomotivesweregreatlyimproved.

In1895,thefirstlong-distanceelectriclocomotiveappearedontheBaltimore-OhioRailwaylineintheUnitedStates.Thelocomotiveweighs96tons,has1,080horses,anduses550VDCpowersupply.

In1901,electriclocomotivesmanufacturedbySiemensandHalluschkaMotorCompanysetarecordof160kilometersperhournearBerlin.

Atthesametime,in1880,EdisonintheUnitedStatesalsoconductedanexperimentonelectriccars.

China'sfirstelectriclocomotivewasborninZhuzhou,Hunanin1958,named"Shaoshan",andmadegreatcontributionstotheelectrificationofChineserailways.

Electriclocomotivesaredevelopingrapidlyduetotheirfastspeed,strongclimbingability,hightractionandnoairpollution.Theundergroundrailwayalsodevelopedwiththeadventoftrams.

Themainelectriclocomotivesinoperationinmycountryare:

Shaoshan(SS)1SS3SS4(G)SS6SS6BSS7SS7C/D/ESS8SS9(G)

Harmony(HXD)1HXD3DJ1

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